CN106597442B - A kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method - Google Patents
A kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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Abstract
The present invention relates to synthetic aperture radar image-forming technical field, in particular to a kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method.Imaging method includes the following steps：Long pulse signal is decomposed into multiple subpulse signals, and carries out phase-modulation；Subpulse signal is emitted to different orientation sub-scenes；Full aperture antenna is decomposed into multiple sub-aperture antenna receives echo-signals along orientation；APC phase demodulating, separation are carried out to the echo-signal that each sub-aperture receives；Remaining constant phase during compensation phase demodulating；Will treated subpulse echo-signal in distance to alignment；By the synthesis of treated subpulse echo-signal carries out sub- Doppler frequency band, total Doppler frequency band is obtained；Focal imaging.Orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the invention, can receive all echoes of illuminated scene；In addition, separating signal using orientation airspace filter technology, performance not will receive the influence of ground scene fluctuating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to synthetic aperture radar image-forming technical field, in particular to a kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR
Imaging method.
Background technique
When synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is loaded into hypersonic platform (such as Hypersonic Aircraft, satellite etc.), due to flat
The dopplerbroadening of the high-speed motion of platform, ground scene echo is very serious, to meet nyquist sampling law, guarantees orientation
Signal does not obscure, and system is needed using very high pulse recurrence frequency (PRF).It is long that high PRF will lead to distance dimension sample window
Degree reduces, and when the coverage area of radar pitching dimension wave beam is very wide or needs that very wide scene is imaged, can not keep away
It will appear range ambiguity or blind range zone with exempting from.Therefore, for hypersonic platform carry SAR system, distance dimension wide swath with
Azimuth dimension high-resolution constitutes conflict.Currently used imaging pattern only speciality in one aspect, Spotlight SAR Imaging and cunning
The azimuth resolution of dynamic Spotlight SAR Imaging can be very high, but limited apart from mapping swath width, and orientation mapping band is also discontinuous；
Scan and TOPS mode it is very wide apart from observation scope, be to sacrifice azimuth resolution as cost；Stripmap SAR can only obtain
To medium resolution ratio and mapping swath width.
In order to solve the contradiction between high-resolution and wide swath, domestic and foreign scholars propose multi-channel system system,
Pitching dimension multichannel and azimuth dimension multichannel can be divided into.Pitching ties up multi-channel system and guarantees orientation echo letter using high PRF
Number without fuzzy, and system is tieed up in pitching and receives scene echoes simultaneously using multiple channels, passes through pitching and ties up airspace wave beam shape
Inhibit distance to blurred signal at technology, then completes imaging.Azimuth dimension multi-channel system is then received and dispatched using lower PRF
Signal guarantees that distance receives scene echoes simultaneously using multiple channels to not obscuring, and in azimuth dimension, with spatial sampling generation
For the deficiency of time sampling, is then obtained by azimuth dimension airspace beam-forming technology without fuzzy 2D signal, finally completed
Imaging.
Currently, domestic and foreign scholars have made a large amount of research work to both multi-channel systems, and in channel error
Estimation and compensation technique, airspace beam-forming technology, system optimization technology etc. achieve a large amount of research achievement.However,
Conventional multi-channel system usually utilizes sub-aperture to emit wideband correlation, and all channels receive scene echoes simultaneously.
Transmitting antenna area is smaller, and gain is small, and it is low that this will lead to scene echoes signal-to-noise ratio, may be unable to satisfy imaging demand.
It is proposed to combine distance dimension mapping bandwidth, azimuth dimension resolution ratio and echo signal-to-noise ratio problem, scientific research personnel
Multi-dimensional waveform coding techniques, has than more typical：
(1), Gerhard Krieger et al. is in " Multidimensional Waveform Encoding:A New
Digital Beamforming Technique for Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing,
[J], IEEE Transactions on GRS, 2008,46 (1):Multi-dimensional waveform coding techniques is tieed up in the pitching that 32-46. " is proposed,
Signal is emitted using full aperture antenna when emitting signal, and long pulse signal is divided into multiple subpulses, controls antenna beam
Make different subpulse irradiation different distance dimension sub-swaths；It ties up multiple channels using pitching when receiving echo to receive simultaneously, then
The echo of each sub-swaths is isolated by the airspace freedom degree that multi-channel system provides；Complete the imaging of each sub-swaths
Afterwards, wide swath imaging results can be obtained to splicing along distance.However, the program is using pitching dimension airspace filter technology separation
Signal, performance are easy to be influenced by ground scene fluctuating.
(2), Wu Qisong et al. is in " the arteries and veins internal bunching SAR orientation high resolution wide swath imaging Xi'an [J] electronics technology
College journal (natural science edition), 2010,37 (4):676-682. " proposes a kind of Working mould for being referred to as arteries and veins internal bunching SAR
Long pulse is divided into multiple subpulse signals by formula, and scan position scene obtains long synthesis hole within the different subpulse times
Diameter is to realize orientation high-resolution, and scene footprint is similar to band pattern；It is obtained simultaneously using low pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
Obtain wide swath.However, there are two o'clock deficiencies for method in text：1) orientation receives signal using full aperture, and wave beam is relatively narrow, may
All echoes of illuminated scene can not be received；2) echo is received using pitching dimension multichannel simultaneously and ties up airspace using pitching
Filtering separation signal, ambiguity solution performance are easy to be influenced by image scene hypsography.
Summary of the invention
It is existing at least to solve the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method
A technical problem present in SAR imaging method.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method, includes the following steps：
Step 1: long pulse signal is decomposed into multiple subpulse signals, and using APC technology to each subpulse
The phase-modulation of signal；
Step 2: each subpulse signal after carrying out the phase-modulation using full aperture antenna is sent out
It penetrates, and Separation control antenna beam is directed toward to schedule, so that each subpulse signal is emitted to different orientation
Sub-scene；
Step 3: the full aperture antenna is decomposed into multiple sub-aperture antennas, each sub-aperture day along orientation
Line receives the echo-signal of all subpulses, wherein the sub-aperture number is greater than or equal to the subpulse signal number；
Step 4: (1) carries out APC phase demodulating to the echo-signal that each sub-aperture receives according to the following formula：
Wherein, k is transmitting umber of pulse, and N is orientation frequency-shifting operator, and L is sub-aperture antenna number；
Step 5: the echo-signal that each sub-aperture receives after will be demodulated separates, each institute is obtained
State the echo-signal of subpulse；
Step 6: remaining constant phase during APC phase demodulating in compensation process four；
Step 7: according to the predetermined time interval, by the subpulse echo-signal by step 6 processing away from
Descriscent alignment；
Step 8: the synthesis that will carry out sub- Doppler frequency band by the subpulse echo-signal of step 7 processing, obtains
To total Doppler frequency band；
Step 9: total Doppler frequency band data are focused imaging.
Optionally, in the step 5, optiaml ciriterion is constructed using following relational expression (2)：
Wherein, WlIndicate that the weighing vector of first of subpulse signal of separation, H indicate vector conjugate transposition；faFor Doppler
Frequency cells；R(fa) it is faCorresponding statistics covariance matrix, R (fa)=Ε [S (fa)·SH(fa)], E indicates statistical expection, S
(fa) be orientation multichannel SAR system output vector, S (fa)=[S1(fa) S2(fa)L SM(fa)]T, T expression vector transposition,
M is sub-aperture antenna number；Q is the dimensional vector of L × 1, Q=[h1 h2 … hL]T；Wherein hl=1, hi≠l=0, l take 1~L；
Further, C is that M × L ties up matrix, is expressed as formula：
C(fa)=[a1(fa) a2(fa)L aL(fa)]；
Wherein,
Wherein, d1、d2……dMIt is each sub-aperture central point and the half with reference to the distance between sub-aperture central point, v
It is platform flying speed, j is
Further,
Wherein, fPRFIt is the pulse recurrence frequency of radar emission signal；
Further, the optimal solution of optimization problem shown in relational expression (2) is：
Further, after obtaining optimal weight vector, for Doppler frequency unit fa, the echo-signal that is received from sub-aperture
The procedural representation for extracting first of orientation sub-scene signal component is：
Invention effect：
Orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the invention receives scene echoes using orientation sub-aperture, receives
Wave beam is wide, can receive all echoes of illuminated scene；In addition, signal is separated using orientation airspace filter technology,
Performance not will receive the influence of ground scene fluctuating；Further, it is also possible to apply the invention to the following hypersonic platforms to carry SAR system
System, realizes remote high resolution wide swath earth observation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method transmitting signal model figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method receipt signal model figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are to be demodulated in orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention using APC phase-modulation
The relationship between frequency and time of the different direction sub-scene echo-signal of front and back；
Fig. 4 is the signal compression result figure in orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention, after introducing APC；
Fig. 5 is in orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention, and sub-scene 1 uses orientation multichannel certainly
Adapt to the result figure of beam-forming technology separation echo-signal；
Fig. 6 is in orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention, and sub-scene 2 uses orientation multichannel certainly
Adapt to the result figure of beam-forming technology separation echo-signal；
Fig. 7 is in orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention, and sub-scene 3 uses orientation multichannel certainly
Adapt to the result figure of beam-forming technology separation echo-signal；
Fig. 8 is the sub- Doppler frequency band composite result of point target in orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 9 is point target imaging results in orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the invention implemented clearer, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is further described in more detail.In the accompanying drawings, identical from beginning to end or class
As label indicate same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Described embodiment is the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, it is intended to use
It is of the invention in explaining, and be not considered as limiting the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.Under
Face is described in detail the embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with attached drawing.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as protecting the present invention
The limitation of range.
1 to Fig. 5 orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the present invention is done further specifically with reference to the accompanying drawing
It is bright.
The present invention provides a kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging methods, include the following steps：
Step 1: transmitting signal model referring to Fig.1, is decomposed into multiple subpulses for long pulse signal when emitting signal and believes
Number, and using APC technology to the phase-modulation of each subpulse signal.
Specifically, it is assumed that system emits L sub- pulse signals altogether, and assumes that L is odd number, then first of subpulse signal
Corresponding APC phase modulation can be expressed as：
Wherein k is transmitting umber of pulse, and N is orientation frequency-shifting operator, and the value range of N isWherein fPRFFor system pulses repetition rate, fdcFor adjacent subpulse
Between Doppler center offset, BaFor full aperture orientation doppler bandwidth.Therefore, first of subpulse signal transmitted waveform be：
In formulaFor the transmitted waveform of conventional SAR system.
Step 2: each subpulse signal after will be phase modulated using full aperture antenna is emitted, and according to
Predetermined time interval (time of i.e. each subpulse) controls antenna beam and is directed toward, so that each subpulse signal emits (i.e. edge
The transmitting of aircraft flight direction) arrive different orientation sub-scenes.
Step 3: as shown in Fig. 2, receive scene echoes when, by full aperture antenna along orientation (the i.e. side of aircraft flight
To) be decomposed into multiple sub-aperture antennas while receiving signal, each sub-aperture antenna receives the echo-signal of all subpulses；
Wherein, sub-aperture number M is greater than or equal to subpulse signal number L；
Step 4: (1) carries out APC phase demodulating, energy to the echo-signal that each sub-aperture receives according to the following formula
Enough echo-signals for guaranteeing intermediate sub-scene after demodulating will not generate additional Doppler frequency shift：
Wherein, k is transmitting umber of pulse, and N is orientation frequency-shifting operator, and L is subpulse signal number
After phase-modulation and demodulation, the remaining phase modulation of first of sub-scene echo-signal can be expressed as：
First item is the slow time t in orientation in relationship (5) formulaaFirst order, this cause by orientation phase-modulation and demodulation
Later, there are Doppler frequency shift phenomenons for echo-signal, and the Doppler frequency shift of first of sub-scene echo is
2nd is constant phase item, needs to compensate in the splicing of sub- Doppler frequency spectrum.APC phase code and decoding (phase-modulation
Demodulation) front and back position signal relationship between frequency and time such as Fig. 3 a (APC phase-modulation demodulation before) and 3b (after APC phase-modulation demodulates) institute
Show.
Step 5: the echo-signal that each sub-aperture receives after will be demodulated, using azimuth dimension multi-channel adaptive
Beam-forming technology is separated, and the echo-signal of each subpulse is obtained.
Specifically, for the echo in order to extract first of sub-scene, in the step 5, using following relational expression
(2) optiaml ciriterion is constructed：
Wherein, WlIndicate that the weighing vector of first of subpulse signal of separation, H indicate vector conjugate transposition；faFor Doppler
Frequency cells；R(fa) it is faCorresponding statistics covariance matrix can be estimated to obtain from sampled data, R (fa)=Ε [S
(fa)·SH(fa)]；E indicates statistical expection, S (fa) be orientation multichannel SAR system output vector, S (fa)=[S1(fa) S2
(fa)L SM(fa)]T, T expression vector transposition, M is sub-aperture antenna number；Q is the dimensional vector of L × 1, Q=[h1 h2 … hL
]T；Wherein hl=1, hi≠l=0, l take 1~L；
Further, C is that M × L ties up matrix, can be expressed as formula：
C(fa)=[a1(fa) a2(fa)L aL(fa)]；
Wherein,
Wherein, d1、d2……dMIt is each sub-aperture central point and the half with reference to the distance between sub-aperture central point, v
It is platform flying speed, j is
Further,
Wherein, fPRFIt is the pulse recurrence frequency of radar emission signal；
Further, the optimal solution of optimization problem shown in relational expression (2) is：
Further, after obtaining optimal weight vector, for Doppler frequency unit fa, the echo-signal that is received from sub-aperture
The process for extracting first of orientation sub-scene signal component can be expressed as：
In conjunction with APC technology, signal compression result figure is as shown in Figure 4；And use orientation multi-channel adaptive Wave beam forming
Technology separates the result of echo-signal as shown in Fig. 5-Fig. 7.
Step 6: remaining constant phase during APC phase demodulating in compensation process four (well-known technique, be equivalent to by
It tells somebody what one's real intentions are in material formula (5)It compensates into zero).
Step 7: according to predetermined time interval (or delay between transmitting subpulse signal), it will be by step 6
The subpulse echo-signal of reason is aligned in distance to (the signal direction of the launch).
Step 8: the synthesis that will carry out sub- Doppler frequency band by the subpulse echo-signal of step 7 processing, obtains total
Doppler frequency band (and then azimuth spectrum up-sampling, translation are carried out according to the corresponding Doppler center of each subpulse signal, it is complete
At the synthesis of sub- Doppler frequency band, total Doppler frequency band is obtained)；It obtains providing the sub- Doppler frequency band synthesis of point target such as Fig. 8
As a result.
Step 9: total Doppler frequency band data are focused imaging (conventional frequency domain algorithm)；Fig. 9 such as is obtained to provide a little
Target imaging result.
Orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method of the invention receives scene echoes using orientation sub-aperture, receives
Wave beam is wide, can receive all echoes of illuminated scene；In addition, signal is separated using orientation airspace filter technology,
Performance not will receive the influence of ground scene fluctuating.The present invention is taking into account SAR image scene breadth, imaging resolution and echo
While signal-to-noise ratio, solves the problems, such as that existing method ambiguity solution performance is easy to be influenced by image scene hypsography, improve in arteries and veins
The imaging performance of Spotlight SAR Imaging system establishes necessary theoretical basis for Future Projects application.Further, the present invention can also answer
SAR system is carried for the following hypersonic platform, realizes remote high resolution wide swath earth observation.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those familiar with the art, all answers
It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the scope of protection of the claims
It is quasi-.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1: long pulse signal is decomposed into multiple subpulse signals, and using APC technology to each subpulse signal
Phase-modulation；
Step 2: each subpulse signal after carrying out the phase-modulation using full aperture antenna emits, and
Separation control antenna beam is directed toward to schedule, so that each subpulse signal is emitted to different orientation subfields
Scape；
Step 3: the full aperture antenna is decomposed into multiple sub-aperture antennas along orientation, each sub-aperture antenna is equal
Receive the echo-signal of all subpulses, wherein the sub-aperture number is greater than or equal to the subpulse signal number；
Step 4: (1) carries out APC phase demodulating to the echo-signal that each sub-aperture receives according to the following formula：
Wherein, k is transmitting umber of pulse, and N is orientation frequency-shifting operator, and L is sub-aperture antenna number；
Step 5: the echo-signal that each sub-aperture receives after will be demodulated separates, each son is obtained
The echo-signal of pulse；
Step 6: remaining constant phase during APC phase demodulating in compensation process four；
Step 7: according to the predetermined time interval, by the subpulse echo-signal by step 6 processing distance to
Alignment；
Step 8: the synthesis that will carry out sub- Doppler frequency band by the subpulse echo-signal of step 7 processing, obtains total
Doppler frequency band；
Step 9: total Doppler frequency band data are focused imaging.
2. orientation multi-pass autolyte internal bunching SAR imaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step
In five, optiaml ciriterion is constructed using following relational expression (2)：
Wherein, WlIndicate that the weighing vector of first of subpulse signal of separation, H indicate vector conjugate transposition；faFor Doppler frequency
Unit；R(fa) it is faCorresponding statistics covariance matrix, R (fa)=Ε [S (fa)·SH(fa)], E indicates statistical expection, S (fa)
For the output vector of orientation multichannel SAR system, S (fa)=[S1(fa) S2(fa) L SM(fa)]T, T indicates vector transposition, and M is
Sub-aperture antenna number；Q is the dimensional vector of L × 1, Q=[h1 h2 … hL]T；Wherein hl=1, hi≠l=0, l take 1~L；
Further, C is that M × L ties up matrix, is expressed as formula：
C(fa)=[a1(fa) a2(fa) L aL(fa)]；
Wherein,
Wherein, d1、d2……dMIt is each sub-aperture central point and the half with reference to the distance between sub-aperture central point, v is flat
Platform flying speed, j are
Further,
Wherein, fPRFIt is the pulse recurrence frequency of radar emission signal；
Further, the optimal solution of optimization problem shown in relational expression (2) is：
Further, after obtaining optimal weight vector, for Doppler frequency unit fa, the echo-signal that receives from sub-aperture extracts
The procedural representation of first of orientation sub-scene signal component is：
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| CN110412570B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2022-10-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | HRWS-SAR imaging method based on spatial pulse phase coding |
| CN110068833B (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2021-10-29 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Synthetic aperture laser radar imaging method, instrument and system |
| CN110068804A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-30 | 北京润科通用技术有限公司 | Echo simulation method and system based on Sparse Array |
| CN110261854B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-05-17 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Wide-area SAR imaging method suitable for slow platform |
| CN113721244A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-30 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Signal-to-noise ratio processing method and device for synthetic aperture radar and storage medium |
| CN113701709B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-04-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Airborne SAR (synthetic aperture radar) one-axis platform beam-bunching mode antenna array plane pitching pointing algorithm and system |
| CN114994681B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-01 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Method and system suitable for arbitrary platform SAR image sub-aperture decomposition |
| CN115436943B (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2023-12-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Reconfigurable MIMO-SAR echo separation method based on intra-pulse and inter-pulse combined phase modulation |
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