CN106596436B - Multi-parameter water quality real-time online monitoring device based on spectrum method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-parameter water quality real-time online monitoring device based on a spectrum method. The device comprises a hernia lamp light source, a preposed light path, a spectrum acquisition unit, a rapid processing platform and an output unit; emergent light of the hernia lamp light source is divided into a correction reference light path and a measurement light path after passing through a front light path; the calibration reference light path is incident to the spectrum acquisition unit through a water sample to be detected; the measuring light path is incident to the spectrum acquisition unit through the standard water sample; the calibration reference light path and the measurement light path are synchronously acquired by the spectrum acquisition unit and then converted into two groups of spectrum curve digital signals to be sent to the fast processing unit; the rapid processing unit respectively processes the two sets of spectral curve digital signals to obtain the substances to be detected in the water sample to be detected and the concentration of the substances to be detected, and then the substances to be detected are output to the local or remote through the output unit to realize monitoring. The device has short test period, small volume and low cost and can realize real-time multi-parameter water quality measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical detection, and particularly relates to a multi-parameter water quality real-time online monitoring device based on a spectrum method.
Background
Water resource pollution is one of the most serious problems facing the current world water environment, and how to timely, accurately, quickly and comprehensively reflect the conditions of the water environment quality and the pollution source is the premise and the foundation for establishing a feasible pollution prevention and control plan and the pollution source condition.
Currently, there are several methods based on water quality detection: chemical analysis, atomic or molecular spectroscopy, chromatographic separation techniques, electrochemical analysis techniques, biosensing techniques;
the chemical method-based water quality analyzer has the problems of long sampling test period, single-parameter measurement, secondary pollution, time and labor waste and the like during water quality monitoring;
the water quality analyzer based on atomic or molecular spectrum and chromatographic separation has the problems that multi-parameter simultaneous analysis cannot be realized, the linear range of a standard working curve is narrow, the precision is low during the analysis of a complex sample and the like during the water quality monitoring;
although portable, the water quality analyzer based on electrochemical analysis technology has the problems of pollution, energy consumption, high treatment cost and the like during water quality monitoring.
The biological sensing technology can cause the condition that the identification element and the substance to be detected generate irreversible chemical reaction and the like, thereby influencing the identification capability and sensitivity, and in addition, the miniaturization is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a multi-parameter water quality real-time online monitoring device based on a spectrum method, which has the advantages of short test period, small volume and low cost, and can realize real-time multi-parameter water quality measurement.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
a multi-parameter real-time online water quality monitoring device based on a spectrum method is a method for judging the components and the content of pollution elements by using absorption spectrum curves of the pollution elements in water at different wavelength positions. According to the Lambert-beer law, the components of pollutants are judged according to the positions of 'peaks' and 'valleys' of a spectral curve of the pollutants, the concentration of the pollutants is judged according to the amplitude of the pollutants and a calibration method, and qualitative and quantitative detection of a plurality of water quality parameters is realized. The original data of the water body measurement is unmixed and reconstructed in real time through the high-speed ARM processing unit, and then is provided to the user unit in various forms such as a wireless mode, a wired mode, a solid-state storage and the like.
The device can realize the monitoring of the properties and the contents of a plurality of substances such as the chromaticity, the turbidity, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), the Total Nitrogen (TN), the Total Phosphorus (TP), the nitrate, the cyanide ions, the hexavalent chromium, the bromide ions (Br-, bromide), the Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and the like of the water body.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a multi-parameter water quality real-time online monitoring device based on a spectrum method, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a xenon lamp source, a preposed light path, a spectrum acquisition unit, a rapid processing platform and an output unit;
the xenon lamp source emergent light is divided into a correction reference light path and a measurement light path after passing through a front light path; the calibration reference light path is incident to the spectrum acquisition unit through the water sample to be detected; the measuring light path is incident to the spectrum acquisition unit through the standard water sample; the calibration reference light path and the measurement light path are synchronously acquired by the spectrum acquisition unit and then converted into two groups of spectrum curve digital signals, and the two groups of spectrum curve digital signals are sent to the fast processing unit; the rapid processing unit respectively processes the two groups of spectral curve digital signals to obtain the substances to be detected in the water sample to be detected and the concentration of the substances to be detected, and then the substances to be detected are output to the local or remote through the output unit so as to realize monitoring;
the rapid processing unit is a water quality multi-parameter intelligent processing platform based on ARM.
The spectrum acquisition unit comprises a first collimating mirror, a slit, a first reflecting mirror, an optical fiber beam, a grating, a second collimating mirror, a detector and a second reflecting mirror;
after passing through a standard water sample, the corrected reference light path passes through a second collimating mirror, is transmitted to the slit through an optical fiber bundle at the primary image surface position of the second collimating mirror, and is reflected to the grating through a first reflector, and the grating disperses the corrected reference light path, and then is reflected by the second reflector and received by a detector;
after passing through a water sample to be measured, a measuring light path passes through the first collimating mirror, passes through the optical fiber bundle at the primary image surface position of the first collimating mirror to reach the slit, and then is reflected to the grating through the first reflector, and the grating disperses the light path of the water sample to be measured, then is reflected through the second reflector and then is received by the detector.
The spectrum section of emergent light emitted by the xenon lamp source module comprises ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light, and the spectrum section is 185-1100 nm.
The grating is a plane grating, a concave holographic grating or an adjustable blazed grating.
The detector is a silicon photoelectric tube or an area array detector.
The output unit is a network transmission line, wireless transmission or solid state storage.
Specifically, the front light path includes an imaging mirror and a collimator mirror.
The rapid processing unit respectively processes two groups of spectral curve digital signals, and the specific processing process comprises the following steps:
1) Establishing a standard database; the standard sample database comprises different substances dissolved in water and characteristic spectra of the different substances, and the composition of the substances is determined through reflection peaks or absorption valleys of the characteristic spectra; determining the concentration of the substance according to the amplitude value of each substance component corresponding to the characteristic spectrum position;
2) Determining substances in a water sample to be detected;
2.1 Obtaining a characteristic spectrum A of the standard water sample through a spectrum curve digital signal of the standard water sample;
2.2 Obtaining a characteristic spectrum B of the water sample to be detected through the digital signal of the spectral curve of the water sample to be detected;
2.3 The characteristic spectrum A of the standard water sample and the characteristic spectrum B of the water sample to be detected are normalized and differentiated to obtain a 'reflection peak' or an 'absorption valley' of the characteristic spectrum C, a standard database is searched, the material components of the water sample to be detected are judged, and if the water sample to be detected only contains a single material, the step 3) is carried out; if the water sample to be detected contains various substances, performing the step 4);
3) And (3) detecting the concentration of a single substance in the water sample to be detected:
3.1 ) calculating a coefficient matrix K according to the sample database and the absorbance formula as follows:
in the formula: i is 1 、I 2 、…I n The amplitude value, I, of the continuous spectrum is known after the measuring light path passes through the water sample to be measured for multiple times in the standard database 0-1 、I 0-2 、I 0-n For correcting the known continuous spectrum amplitude value C of the reference light path passing through the standard water sample in the standard database 1 、C 2 、…C n For each absorbance component concentration, L is the fixed optical path difference;
3.2 According to an absorbance formula of Lambert-beer's law, calculating the concentration measured after the ith time of the correction reference light path passing through the water sample to be detected:
in the formula: i is i Amplitude value of the continuum obtained after passing through the water sample to be measured, I 0-i As magnitude values of a continuum through a standard water sample, C i And substituting the fixed optical path difference into the obtained K value to obtain the concentration of the substance in the sample to be detected, wherein the concentration of the single substance in the water sample to be detected is L, and the concentration is shown as the following formula:
4) Detecting the concentration of various substances in a water sample to be detected:
4.1 ) calculating a coefficient matrix K according to the sample database and the absorbance formula, as follows:
in the formula: I.C. A 1 、I 2 、…I n For measuring multiple times of light path passing through to be measured in databaseKnown amplitude value of continuum behind water sample, I 0-1 、I 0-2 、I 0-n Correcting the amplitude value C of the continuous spectrum of the reference light path after passing through the standard water sample in the database nm The nth concentration of the mth substance, and L is a fixed optical path difference;
4.2 According to an absorbance formula of Lambert-beer's law, calculating the concentration measured after the ith time of the correction reference light path passing through the water sample to be detected:
I i to an amplitude value after passing through the water sample to be measured, I 0-i As intensity values through a standard water sample, C i The component I and the concentration thereof, L is a fixed optical path difference, and the concentration to be measured can be obtained by substituting the obtained K value, as shown in the following formula:
then C 1 、C 2 、…C i 、C n The concentrations of various substances in the corresponding water sample to be detected are respectively.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the existing chemical method water quality measurement can only measure the components and the concentrations of single water quality elements
The capacity of obtaining multi-parameter water quality components and concentration is provided.
2. The invention designs a double-beam reference light path for synchronous measurement, has the active correction capability of system error, has very high precision for long-term measurement and is particularly used for correcting the light intensity attenuation of a xenon lamp for long-term use.
3. The invention adopts the concave holographic grating or the adjustable blazed grating, and can obtain high signal-to-noise ratio and measurement precision while realizing the miniaturization of a prototype compared with the traditional method.
4. The corresponding instrument of the invention has small volume and light weight, does not need reagent and pre-sampling samples, and can be used in a plug-and-play way and can respond quickly.
5. The method does not need to add any chemical solution for measurement, does not cause secondary pollution of the water body, and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional chemical method.
6. The invention has real-time on-line processing and analyzing capability for multiple parameters of water quality, can realize networking detection, and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional detection mode of a single probe, non-real-time measurement and the like.
7. The invention adopts multi-interface flexible output, and has remarkable advantages compared with the traditional single interface, manual reading and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optical structure according to the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
the system comprises a xenon lamp light source 1, a front light path 2, a first collimating mirror 3, a slit 4, a first reflecting mirror 5, an optical fiber bundle 6, a grating 7, a second collimating mirror 8, a detector 9, a second reflecting mirror 10, a rapid processing platform 11 and an output unit 12.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the optical spectrum-based multi-parameter real-time online water quality monitoring device provided by the invention comprises a xenon lamp light source 1, a pre-positioned light path 2, a first collimating mirror 3, a slit 4, a first reflecting mirror 5, an optical fiber bundle 6, a grating 7, a second collimating mirror 8, a detector 9, a second reflecting mirror 10, a rapid processing platform 11 and an output unit 12.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
light emitted by a xenon lamp light source 1 (the spectrum section of the xenon lamp light source covers ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light, and the spectrum section is 185 nm-1100 nm) passes through a preposed light path 2 and is divided into two beams, a first beam of light (the beam of light is a correction reference light path) passes through a standard water sample, a second beam of light (the beam of light is a measurement light path) passes through a water sample to be measured, wherein the first beam passes through a second collimating mirror 8, an optical signal is transmitted to a slit 4 through an optical fiber beam 6 on a primary image surface of the second collimating mirror 8, and then the optical signal enters a first reflecting mirror 5, is dispersed by a grating 7 (different gratings such as a plane grating, a concave holographic grating and an adjustable blazed grating can be selected by the grating), and is reflected to a detector 9 (the detector can select a silicon photoelectric tube and a plane array detector) through a second reflecting mirror 10.
After passing through the first collimating mirror 3, the second beam of light transmits an optical signal to the slit 4 through the optical fiber beam 6 on the primary image surface of the first collimating mirror 3, enters the first reflecting mirror 5, is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 5, is dispersed by the grating 7, then passes through the second reflecting mirror 10 and reaches the detector 9, the two beams of light are dispersed and then distributed on different row pixels of the detector, and after photoelectric conversion, the obtained spectral information digital signal is transmitted to the rapid processing platform 11 (a water quality multi-parameter intelligent processing platform based on ARM), the rapid processing platform 11 performs dark current removal, filtering, spectral data extraction, water quality multi-parameter optical spectrum unmixing and other processing on the two beams of light-converted electrical signal to obtain the substance to be detected and the concentration of the substance to be detected existing in the water sample, and the concentration of the substance to be detected is sent out locally or remotely through the output unit 12 to realize monitoring; the output unit comprises various network transmission lines, wired modes, antennas, solid-state storage and the like.
The ARM-based water quality multi-parameter intelligent processing platform is a circuit board card based on an ARM chip processor, and a linux system and an android system can be loaded on a chip device to perform algorithm processing.
The specific algorithm processing comprises the following steps:
the rapid processing unit respectively processes the two groups of spectral curve digital signals, and comprises the following steps:
step 1) establishing a standard database; the standard sample database comprises different substances dissolved in water and characteristic spectra of the different substances, and the composition of the substances is determined through reflection peaks or absorption valleys of the characteristic spectra; determining the concentration of the substance according to the amplitude value of each substance component corresponding to the characteristic spectrum position;
step 2) determining substances in a water sample to be detected;
step 2.1) acquiring a characteristic spectrum A of the standard water sample through a spectrum curve digital signal of the standard water sample;
step 2.2) acquiring a characteristic spectrum B of the water sample to be detected through the spectral curve digital signal of the water sample to be detected;
step 2.3), obtaining a 'reflection peak' or an 'absorption valley' of a characteristic spectrum C after normalizing and differentiating the characteristic spectrum A of the standard water sample and the characteristic spectrum B of the water sample to be detected, searching a standard database, judging the material components of the water sample to be detected, and if the water sample to be detected only contains a single material, performing the step 3); if so; if the water sample to be detected contains various substances, performing the step 4);
step 3) detecting the concentration of only a single substance in the water sample to be detected:
step 3.1) calculating a coefficient matrix K according to the sample database and an absorbance formula, wherein the coefficient matrix K is as follows:
in the formula: I.C. A 1 、I 2 、…I n Measuring the amplitude value, I, of the continuous spectrum after the light path passes through the water sample to be measured for multiple times in the standard database 0-1 、I 0-2 、I 0-n Correcting the amplitude value C of the continuous spectrum of the reference light path passing through the standard water sample in the standard database 1 、C 2 、…C n For each absorbance component concentration, L is the fixed optical path difference;
and 3.2) calculating the concentration measured after the ith time of correction of the reference light path passes through the water sample to be detected according to an absorbance formula of the Lambert-beer law:
in the formula: I.C. A i Amplitude value, I, obtained after passing through the water sample to be measured 0-i Amplitude value, C, obtained after passing through a standard water sample i And (3) obtaining the concentration of the substance in the sample to be detected by substituting the obtained K value into the fixed optical path difference, wherein the concentration is expressed by the following formula:
step 4), detecting the concentration of various substances in the water sample to be detected:
and 4.1) calculating a coefficient matrix K according to the sample database and an absorbance formula, wherein the coefficient matrix K is as follows:
in the formula: I.C. A 1 、I 2 、…I n Measuring the amplitude value, I, of the continuous spectrum after the light path passes through the water sample to be measured for multiple times in the standard database 0-1 、I 0-2 、I 0-n Correcting the amplitude value C of the continuous spectrum of the reference light path passing through the standard water sample in the standard database nm The nth concentration of the mth substance, and L is a fixed optical path difference;
and 4.2) calculating the concentration measured after the ith time of correction of the reference light path passes through the water sample to be detected according to an absorbance formula of the Lambert-beer law:
I i for the amplitude value obtained after passing through the water sample to be measured, I 0-i Is an amplitude value obtained after passing through a standard water sample, C i The component I and the concentration thereof, L is a fixed optical path difference, and the concentration to be measured can be obtained by substituting the obtained K value, as shown in the following formula:
then C is 1 、C 2 、…C i 、C n The concentrations of the corresponding components are respectively.
The points to be added are: the standard water sample is pure or clean and transparent water body without the components of the substance to be detected.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-parameter water quality real-time on-line monitoring device based on a spectrum method is characterized in that: the system comprises a hernia lamp light source, a preposed light path, a spectrum acquisition unit, a rapid processing platform and an output unit;
emergent light of the hernia lamp light source passes through the preposed light path and then is divided into a correction reference light path and a measurement light path; the calibration reference light path is incident to the spectrum acquisition unit through a water sample to be detected; the measuring light path is incident to the spectrum acquisition unit through the standard water sample; the calibration reference light path and the measurement light path are synchronously acquired by the spectrum acquisition unit and then converted into two groups of spectrum curve digital signals to be sent to the fast processing unit; the rapid processing unit respectively processes the two groups of spectral curve digital signals to obtain the substances to be detected in the water sample to be detected and the concentration of the substances to be detected, and then the substances to be detected are output to the local or remote through the output unit so as to realize monitoring;
the rapid processing unit is an ARM-based water quality multi-parameter intelligent processing platform;
the spectrum acquisition unit comprises a first collimating mirror, a slit, a first reflecting mirror, an optical fiber beam, a grating, a second collimating mirror, a detector and a second reflecting mirror;
after passing through a standard water sample, the correction reference light path passes through a second collimating mirror, is transmitted to the slit at the primary image surface position of the second collimating mirror through an optical fiber bundle, and is reflected to the grating through a first reflector, and the grating disperses the correction reference light path, and is reflected by a second reflector and received by a detector;
after passing through a water sample to be measured, a measuring light path passes through a first collimating mirror, passes through an optical fiber bundle to a slit at a primary image surface position of the first collimating mirror, and is reflected to a grating through a first reflector, and the grating disperses the light path of the water sample to be measured, then is reflected through a second reflector and is received by a detector;
the rapid processing unit respectively processes the two groups of spectrum curve digital signals which are synchronously acquired, and the rapid processing unit comprises the following steps:
1) Establishing a standard database; the standard sample database comprises different substances dissolved in water and characteristic spectra of the different substances, and the composition of the substances is determined through reflection peaks or absorption valleys of the characteristic spectra; determining the concentration of the substance according to the amplitude value of each substance component corresponding to the characteristic spectrum position;
2) Determining substances in a water sample to be detected;
2.1 Obtaining a characteristic spectrum A of the standard water sample through a spectrum curve digital signal of the standard water sample;
2.2 Obtaining a characteristic spectrum B of the water sample to be detected through the digital signal of the spectral curve of the water sample to be detected;
2.3 The characteristic spectrum A of the standard water sample and the characteristic spectrum B of the water sample to be detected are normalized and differentiated to obtain a 'reflection peak' or an 'absorption valley' of the characteristic spectrum C, a standard database is searched, the material components of the water sample to be detected are judged, and if the water sample to be detected only contains a single material, the step 3) is carried out; if the water sample to be detected contains various substances, performing the step 4);
3) And (3) detecting the concentration of a single substance in the water sample to be detected:
3.1 ) calculating a coefficient matrix K according to the sample database and the absorbance formula, as follows:
in the formula: i is 1 、I 2 、…I n For measuring the known continuous spectrum amplitude value after the light path passes through the water sample to be measured for multiple times in the standard database 0-1 、I 0-2 、I 0-n For correcting known continuous spectrum amplitude value C after reference light path passes through standard water sample for multiple times in standard database 1 、C 2 、…C n For each absorbance component concentration, L is the fixed optical path difference;
3.2 According to an absorbance formula of Lambert-beer's law, calculating the concentration measured after the ith time of the correction reference light path passing through the water sample to be detected:
in the formula: i is i Is a continuous spectrum amplitude value obtained after passing through a water sample to be measured, I 0-i For passing through standard water samplesAcquired continuous spectral amplitude value, C i The concentration of a single substance in a water sample to be detected is obtained by substituting the fixed optical path difference into the obtained K value, and the concentration of the substance in the sample to be detected is shown as the following formula:
4) Detecting the concentration of various substances in a water sample to be detected:
4.1 ) calculating a coefficient matrix K according to the sample database and the absorbance formula, as follows:
in the formula: i is 1 、I 2 、…I n For measuring the known continuous spectrum amplitude value after the light path passes through the water sample to be measured for multiple times in the standard database, I 0-1 、I 0-2 、I 0-n For correcting known continuous spectrum amplitude value C after reference light path passes through standard water sample for multiple times in standard database nm Is the nth concentration of the mth substance, and L is a fixed optical path difference;
4.2 According to an absorbance formula of Lambert-beer's law, calculating the concentration measured after the ith time of the correction reference light path passing through the water sample to be detected:
I i is the amplitude value of the continuous spectrum after passing through the water sample to be measured, I 0-i Is the amplitude value of the continuous spectrum after passing through the standard water sample, C i The component I and the concentration thereof, L is a fixed optical path difference, and the concentration to be measured can be obtained by substituting the obtained K value, as shown in the following formula:
then C is 1 、C 2 、…C i 、C n The concentrations of various substances in the corresponding water sample to be detected are respectively.
2. The multi-parameter water quality real-time on-line monitoring device based on spectroscopy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spectrum band of emergent light emitted by the hernia lamp light source module comprises ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light, and the spectrum band is 185-1100 nm.
3. The multi-parameter water quality real-time on-line monitoring device based on spectroscopy as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the grating is a plane grating, a concave holographic grating or an adjustable blazed grating.
4. The multi-parameter water quality real-time on-line monitoring device based on spectroscopy as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the detector is a silicon photoelectric tube or an area array detector.
5. The multi-parameter water quality real-time on-line monitoring device based on spectroscopy as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the output unit is a network transmission line, wireless transmission or solid state storage.
6. The multi-parameter water quality real-time on-line monitoring device based on spectroscopy as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the front light path comprises an imaging mirror and a collimating mirror.
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