CN106595907A - Heat exchange amount measurement device used in pool boiling experiment research and measurement method thereof - Google Patents
Heat exchange amount measurement device used in pool boiling experiment research and measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106595907A CN106595907A CN201611095662.7A CN201611095662A CN106595907A CN 106595907 A CN106595907 A CN 106595907A CN 201611095662 A CN201611095662 A CN 201611095662A CN 106595907 A CN106595907 A CN 106595907A
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- moisturizing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
- G01K17/02—Calorimeters using transport of an indicating substances, e.g. evaporation calorimeters
- G01K17/025—Calorimeters using transport of an indicating substances, e.g. evaporation calorimeters where evaporation, sublimation or condensation caused by heating or cooling, is measured
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat exchange amount measurement device used in pool boiling experiment research and a measurement method thereof, is suitable for a heat exchange measurement technology of pool boiling outside a pipe and especially relates to a heat exchange amount measurement technology of a physical process in which condensation is generated in the pipe and pool boiling is generated outside the pipe, and two sides have phase changes. The measurement device can automatically supplement water for an experiment water tank so as to maintain a stable liquid level. Through measuring a water supplementing flow, pressure, a temperature and other signals, an enthalpy difference of steam generated through pool boiling and water supplementing is used to multiply by the water supplementing flow so as to calculate and acquire a pool boiling heat exchange amount. Four modules of an experiment module, an automatic water supplementing module, a measurement module and a steam recovery module are included. A technology problem of measuring the heat exchange amount in the pool boiling experiment research is solved, especially for the heat exchange amount measurement of the physical process in which condensation is generated in the pipe and pool boiling is generated outside the pipe, and two sides have phase changes. The device and the method can be effectively applied to correlation industrial fields of chemical engineering, pharmacy and the like and can be also applied to a heat exchange amount measurement process in which a heat working medium of an inner side of the pipe is high-temperature and high-pressure working medium condensation.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to the field of measuring technique that exchanges heat, more particularly to a kind of for managing the heat exchange in outer pool boiling experimentation
Measuring device, is particularly suited for the heat exchange measurement skill that the outer pool boiling both sides of in-tube condensation pipe have the physical process of phase transformation
Art.
Technical background
Pool Boiling is widely present in all types of industries field, such as chemical industry, pharmacy etc..After Fukushima nuclear accident occurs,
The research of this important topic of nuclear safety is all increasingly paid attention in countries in the world, therefore as generation Ⅲ nuclear power station major technique
Passive safety system arises at the historic moment.In passive safety system, important heat-transfer mechanism is cold for high temperature and high pressure steam in pipe
The solidifying and outer pool boiling of pipe, can set up nature by working medium density contrast in the case where station blackout and stand-by power supply fail
Circulation, reactor core heat is derived so as to ensure power plant safety.Due to the complexity of measurement parameter, deposit in related experimentation
The technical barrier of heat exchange measurement under the outer pool boiling of an in-tube condensation pipe.Traditional heat addition and subtraction, is to use experiment tube
The heat at road two ends mutually adds and subtracts the heat exchange amount for drawing experimental channel.However, this method is not suitable for shorter experimental channel, it is no
The misalignment problem of common " big number reduces number " in engineering then occurs, but is not only added significantly to using longer experimental channel
Experiment input, can introduce the interference of variations in flow patterns in pipe again, while allowing the calculating of the coefficient of heat transfer be limited to the flat of long pipe road
Average, it is impossible to draw more accurate careful result.
In sum, it is relatively deficient to the technology of the measurement that exchanges heat in pool boiling experimentation at present, especially in pipe being
High Temperature High Pressure working medium is condensed, and the outer physical process for pool boiling of pipe lacks corresponding measurement means, seriously hinders experimentation
Deeply and refine, it is necessary to seek a kind of new measurement apparatus to solve this difficult problem.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be it is relatively deficient for Pool Boiling Heat Transfer measurement technique, especially cannot be cold in accurate measurement pipe
A kind of state of the art of heat exchange amount during the outer pool boiling of solidifying pipe, there is provided the heat exchange measurement in experimentation for pool boiling
Device and measuring method, measurement precise manipulation are flexible, while having the advantages that automatization and energy-conserving and environment-protective, it is adaptable to pool boiling
There is the heat exchange measurement skill of the physical process of phase transformation in heat exchange e measurement technology, the outer pool boiling both sides of more applicable in-tube condensation pipe
Art.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of heat exchange measuring device in experimentation for pool boiling, it is adaptable to the heat exchange measurement of the outer pool boiling of pipe,
It is particularly suited for the heat exchange measurement that the outer pool boiling both sides of in-tube condensation pipe have the physical process of phase transformation；The measurement apparatus energy
Enough automatic water supplements that carries out to Experimental Water Tank maintain level stability, by measuring the signals such as refill flow, pressure and temperature, using pond
Boiling steam is multiplied by refill flow with the enthalpy difference of moisturizing, calculates Pool Boiling Heat Transfer amount；The measurement apparatus include testing mould
Block, automatic water supplement module, measurement module and Steam Recovery module；
The experiment module includes the Experimental Water Tank 1 wrapped up by heat-preservation cotton, for discharging pool boiling steam and equally adopting
The exhaust passage 3 of Insulation is taken, the water separator 4 being arranged in exhaust passage 3, the experiment in loading test water tank 1
Pipeline 5, for fixing the left side adpting flange 6-1 and right side adpting flange 6-2 of experimental channel 5 and being connected to Experimental Water Tank 1
The upper liquidometer 7 for representing high water tank height；
The automatic water supplement module includes being sequentially connected for fluid column and air in measurement liquidometer 7 in real time with liquidometer 7
The differential pressure indicator DP 8 of ambient pressure difference, the PID controls that deviation-Integrated Derivative computing is carried out according to the electronic signal of differential pressure indicator DP 8
Device processed 9 and change the converter VFD 10 of itself output frequency according to the output signal of PID controller 9, also include for storing
Moisturizing and the moisturizing-spray water tank 11 of spray condensed steam, are arranged on 11 bottom of moisturizing-spray water tank and are connected with Experimental Water Tank 1
Moisturizing passage 12 and with converter VFD 10 be connected to moisturizing process provide power moisturizing water pump 13；
The measurement module includes being arranged in measurement refill flow, the mass flowmenter of pressure and temperature on moisturizing passage 12
14th, pressure gauge 15, thermocouple 16 and be connected with mass flowmenter 14, pressure gauge 15 and thermocouple 16 for gather flow,
The signal acquiring system 17 of pressure and temperature；
The Steam Recovery module includes the Cool-water Machine for Industry 20 being connected with moisturizing-spray water tank 11, logical by shower water
The spray equipment 18 that road 19 is connected with Cool-water Machine for Industry 20 and stretched into from the top of moisturizing-spray water tank 11.
While the left side adpting flange 6-1 and right side adpting flange 6-2 can be easy to experimental channel (5) installing/dismounting
And ensure experimental channel (5) with the sealing of Experimental Water Tank (1) and adiabatic insulation.
The visual window 2 for being easy to observe Pool Boiling is provided with the Experimental Water Tank 1.
The experimental channel 5 is stainless steel.
On the inside of the experimental channel, the heat-transfer mechanism of hot working fluid is single-phase convection or biphase condensation.
The measuring method of the heat exchange measuring device in the experimentation for pool boiling, injects into Experimental Water Tank 1
Moisturizing, in maintaining liquidometer 7, suitable liquid level makes experimental channel 5 submerged in water, and differential pressure indicator DP 8 is by liquid level now
Height is converted into electronic signal with the pressure differential of ambient air, and the control parameter for adjusting PID controller 9 is made at converter VFD 10
In operating state and moisturizing water pump 13 just starts flow and is slightly more than null value；Hot working fluid is passed through to experimental channel 5, as pond is boiled
Phenomenon generation is risen, the electronic signal of liquid level change passes to PID controller 9, PID controller 9 by differential pressure indicator DP 8 in liquidometer 7
The output frequency of control converter VFD 10, maintains liquid level permanent so that moisturizing water pump 13 carries out real-time moisturizing to Experimental Water Tank
It is fixed；The steam that the outer pool boiling of pipe is produced reaches moisturizing-spraying box water 11 through water separator 4 in exhaust passage 3, utilizes
Spray aquaporin 19 and spray equipment 18 are sprayed to the pool boiling steam in moisturizing-spraying box water 11, Cool-water Machine for Industry 20
Moisturizing is cooled down, the moisturizing after cooling by moisturizing water pump 13 provide power through moisturizing passage 12 flow to Experimental Water Tank 1 from
And realize recycling for moisturizing；After experimental channel 5 is inside and outside reaches heat exchange balance, arranged using the record of signal acquiring system 17
Flow mass M, pressure P and temperature T that mass flowmenter 14, pressure gauge 15 and thermocouple 16 on moisturizing passage 12 is gathered etc.
Data, inquire about physical property by P, T and draw moisturizing enthalpy H1And the saturated vapor enthalpy H under atmospheric environment2, calculated by following formula
Go out heat exchange amount Q；
Q=(H2-H1)×M。
The measuring method of the heat exchange measuring device in the experimentation for pool boiling is in mass flowmenter 14, pressure
Table 15 and 16 registration of thermocouple no longer changed more than five minutes afterwards can gathered data, it is ensured that equilibrium-like is reached inside and outside pipeline
State.
Technical scheme has the advantages that：
(1) measurement apparatus of the present invention, water tank module compact conformation are easily installed dismounting, Experimental Water Tank and experimental channel
Between not only sealing but also adiabatic insulation, put and respectively the pipeline in horizontally and vertically two kinds of directions can be surveyed by reverse
Amount.
(2) measurement apparatus of the present invention, automatic water supplement module according to Experimental Water Tank liquid level change, using PID controller,
The real-time moisturizing of teamwork of converter VFD and moisturizing water pump, with the automatization's feature for timely responding to.
(3) measurement apparatus of the present invention, the parameter of measurement module collection are less, simple effective, and measuring point is each provided at
The outer pool boiling side of the relatively low pipe of parameter area, in the personal safety that to a certain degree ensure that operator.
(4) measurement apparatus of the present invention, Steam Recovery module carry out spray recycle and reuse to steam, it is to avoid money
Source wastes, and meets the design concept of energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the heat exchange measuring device schematic diagram in a kind of experimentation for pool boiling of the present invention；
In Fig. 1：1st, Experimental Water Tank；2nd, visual window；3rd, exhaust passage；4th, water separator；5th, experimental channel；6-1, a left side
Side adpting flange；6-2, right side adpting flange；7th, liquidometer；8th, differential pressure indicator DP；9th, PID controller；10th, converter VFD；11、
Moisturizing-spray water tank；12nd, moisturizing passage；13rd, moisturizing water pump；14th, mass flowmenter；15th, pressure gauge；16th, thermocouple；17th, believe
Number acquisition system；18th, spray equipment；19th, spray aquaporin；20th, Cool-water Machine for Industry.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description the present invention is described in further details.
As shown in figure 1, the heat exchange measuring device in a kind of experimentation for pool boiling of the present invention, the measurement apparatus by
Four module compositions：Experiment module include by heat-preservation cotton wrap up Experimental Water Tank 1, the visual window 2 for observing Pool Boiling,
For discharging pool boiling steam and equally taking the exhaust passage 3 of Insulation, the steam-water separation being arranged in exhaust passage 3
The experimental channel 5 of device 4, stainless steel, the left side adpting flange 6-1 for fixing experimental channel 5 and right side adpting flange
6-2 and be connected on Experimental Water Tank 1 represent high water tank height liquidometer 7；Automatic water supplement module includes and 7 phase of liquidometer
It is used in conjunction in the real-time differential pressure indicator DP 8 for measuring fluid column and atmospheric environmental pressure difference in liquidometer 7, according to the electronics of differential pressure indicator DP 8
Signal carries out the PID controller 9 of deviation-Integrated Derivative computing, changes itself output frequency according to the output signal of PID controller 9
The converter VFD 10 of rate, for store moisturizing and the spray moisturizing-spray water tank 11 of condensed steam, moisturizing passage 12 and with change
Frequency device VFD 10 is connected to the moisturizing water pump 13 that moisturizing process provides power；Measurement module includes being arranged on moisturizing passage 12 to be surveyed
Measure refill flow, the mass flowmenter 14 of pressure and temperature, pressure gauge 15, thermocouple 16 and be used to gather flow, pressure and temperature
The signal acquiring system 17 of degree；Steam Recovery module includes the Cool-water Machine for Industry 20 being connected with moisturizing-spray water tank 11, by spray
The spray equipment 18 that water drenching passage 19 is connected with Cool-water Machine for Industry 20 and stretched into from the top of moisturizing-spray water tank 11.
Measuring method of the present invention for the heat exchange measuring device in pool boiling experimentation：Note into Experimental Water Tank 1
Enter moisturizing, suitable liquid level makes experimental channel 5 submerged in water in maintaining liquidometer 7, differential pressure indicator DP 8 is by liquid now
Position height is converted into electronic signal with the pressure differential of ambient air, and the control parameter for adjusting PID controller 9 makes converter VFD 10
In operating state and moisturizing water pump 13 just starts flow and is slightly more than null value；Hot working fluid is passed through to experimental channel 5, with pond
Boiling phenomenon occurs, and in liquidometer 7, the electronic signal of liquid level change passes to PID controller 9, PID control by differential pressure indicator DP 8
The output frequency of the control converter of device 9 VFD 10, so that moisturizing water pump 13 carries out real-time moisturizing maintaining liquid to Experimental Water Tank
Position is constant；The steam that the outer pool boiling of pipe is produced reaches moisturizing-spraying box water 11 through water separator 4 in exhaust passage 3,
The pool boiling steam in moisturizing-spraying box water 11 is sprayed using spray aquaporin 19 and spray equipment 18, industrial cold water
Machine 20 is cooled down to moisturizing, and the moisturizing after cooling provides power by moisturizing water pump 13 and flows to Experimental Water Tank through moisturizing passage 12
1 so that realize recycling for moisturizing；After experimental channel 5 is inside and outside reaches heat exchange balance, recorded using signal acquiring system 17
Flow mass M, pressure P and temperature that mass flowmenter 14, pressure gauge 15 and the thermocouple 16 being arranged on moisturizing passage 12 is gathered
The data such as degree T, inquire about physical property by P, T and draw moisturizing enthalpy H1And the saturated vapor enthalpy H under atmospheric environment2, by following formula meter
Calculation draws heat exchange amount Q.
Q=(H2-H1)×M
Specifically, experiment module：Experimental Water Tank adopts Insulation, and is provided with visual window on the outside of observation experiment pipeline
The bubble shape of pool boiling, is put and respectively the pipeline of level, vertical two kinds of arranged directions can be measured by reverse；It is left
Side adpting flange 6-1 and right side adpting flange 6-2 adopt special design structure, while 5 installing/dismounting of experimental channel is easy to
More ensure that experimental channel 5 with the sealing of Experimental Water Tank 1 and adiabatic insulation；Liquidometer is longer with Experimental Water Tank level connection joint section,
The liquid level brought because of pool boiling is avoided to disturb；Water separator is carried out to the drop that Experimental Water Tank outlet vapor may be carried point
From.
Specifically, automatic water supplement module：Differential pressure indicator DP 8 changes electronic signal in real time with the severe degree of pool boiling；
The electronic signal that PID controller 9 is transmitted according to differential pressure indicator DP 8, passing ratio-Integrated Derivative algorithm produce real-time computing
Response；Converter VFD 10 changes output frequency in real time according to the computing response that PID controller 9 is provided；Moisturizing water pump is according to change
The output frequency of frequency device VFD 10 changes rotating speed in real time, so as to change refill flow in real time.
Specifically, measurement module：Mass flowmenter 14, pressure gauge 15 and 16 registration of thermocouple no longer changed more than five minutes
Afterwards can gathered data, it is ensured that poised state is reached inside and outside pipeline；It is multiplied by using the enthalpy difference between pool boiling steam and moisturizing
Refill flow, you can draw heat exchange amount.
Specifically, Steam Recovery module：18 spraying steam of spray equipment is recovered in moisturizing-spray water tank 11, energy-saving ring
Operator can be avoided while guarantor scald accident occur；Cool-water Machine for Industry 20 will guarantee moisturizing temperature to be cooled to 50
Below DEG C, may otherwise cause 13 internal corrosion of moisturizing water pump.
Measurement apparatus of the present invention and measuring method measure the technology of heat exchange amount and ask in solving a kind of pool boiling experimentation
Outside topic, more particularly to a kind of in-tube condensation pipe there is the heat exchange measurement of the physical process of phase transformation in pool boiling both sides, not only may be used
The related industrial fields such as chemical industry, pharmacy are efficiently applied to, and insides of pipes hot working fluid are more can be applicable to for High Temperature High Pressure working medium
The heat exchange amount measurement process of condensation.
Finally it should be noted that：Embodiment of above is only to illustrate the present invention without limiting the present invention described technology
Scheme；Therefore, although this specification with reference to above-mentioned embodiment to present invention has been detailed description, this area
It is to be appreciated by one skilled in the art that still can modify to the present invention or equivalent；And all are without departing from the present invention
The technical scheme of spirit and scope and its improvement, which all should be covered in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (7)
1. the heat exchange measuring device in a kind of experimentation for pool boiling, it is characterised in that：Suitable for managing outer pool boiling
Heat exchange measurement, is particularly suited for the heat exchange measurement that the outer pool boiling both sides of in-tube condensation pipe have the physical process of phase transformation；Should
Measurement apparatus can carry out automatic water supplement and maintain level stability to Experimental Water Tank, by measuring refill flow, pressure and temperature etc.
Signal, is multiplied by refill flow using enthalpy difference of the pool boiling steam with moisturizing, calculates Pool Boiling Heat Transfer amount；The measurement apparatus
Including experiment module, automatic water supplement module, measurement module and Steam Recovery module；
The experiment module includes the Experimental Water Tank (1) wrapped up by heat-preservation cotton, for discharging pool boiling steam and equally taking
In the exhaust passage (3) of Insulation, the water separator (4) being arranged in exhaust passage (3), loading test water tank (1)
Experimental channel (5), for fixing the left side adpting flange (6-1) and right side adpting flange (6-2) and even of experimental channel (5)
It is connected on Experimental Water Tank (1) and represents the liquidometer (7) of high water tank height；
The automatic water supplement module includes being sequentially connected for fluid column and air in measurement liquidometer (7) in real time with liquidometer (7)
The differential pressure indicator DP (8) of ambient pressure difference, the PID that deviation-Integrated Derivative computing is carried out according to the electronic signal of differential pressure indicator DP (8)
Controller (9) and change the converter VFD (10) of itself output frequency according to the output signal of PID controller (9), also include using
In storage moisturizing and the moisturizing-spray water tank (11) of spray condensed steam, moisturizing-spray water tank (11) bottom is arranged on experiment
Moisturizing passage (12) and be connected to the moisturizing water pump that moisturizing process provides power with converter VFD (10) that water tank (1) is connected
(13)；
The measurement module includes being arranged in measurement refill flow, the mass flowmenter of pressure and temperature on moisturizing passage (12)
(14), pressure gauge (15), thermocouple (16) and the use being connected with mass flowmenter (14), pressure gauge (15) and thermocouple (16)
In collection flow, the signal acquiring system (17) of pressure and temperature；
The Steam Recovery module includes the Cool-water Machine for Industry (20) being connected with moisturizing-spray water tank (11), logical by shower water
The spray equipment (18) that road (19) is connected with Cool-water Machine for Industry (20) and stretched into from the top of moisturizing-spray water tank (11).
2. the heat exchange measuring device in a kind of experimentation for pool boiling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
While the left side adpting flange (6-1) and right side adpting flange (6-2) can be easy to experimental channel (5) installing/dismounting and protect
Card experimental channel (5) and the sealing of Experimental Water Tank (1) and adiabatic insulation.
3. the heat exchange measuring device in a kind of experimentation for pool boiling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The visual window (2) for being easy to observe Pool Boiling is provided with the Experimental Water Tank (1).
4. the heat exchange measuring device in a kind of experimentation for pool boiling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The experimental channel (5) is stainless steel.
5. the heat exchange measuring device in a kind of experimentation for pool boiling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
On the inside of the experimental channel (5), the heat-transfer mechanism of hot working fluid is single-phase convection or biphase condensation.
6. the measuring method of the heat exchange measuring device being used for described in claim 1 in pool boiling experimentation, it is characterised in that：
The injection moisturizing into Experimental Water Tank (1), in maintaining liquidometer (7), suitable liquid level makes experimental channel (5) submerged in water,
Pressure differentials of the differential pressure indicator DP (8) by liquid level now with ambient air is converted into electronic signal, adjusts PID controller (9)
Control parameter make converter VFD (10) in operating state and moisturizing water pump (13) just starts flow and is slightly more than null value；
Hot working fluid is passed through to experimental channel (5), as Pool Boiling occurs, the electronic signal of liquid level change is by pressing in liquidometer (7)
Difference table DP (8) passes to PID controller (9), and PID controller (9) controls the output frequency of converter VFD (10), so that
Moisturizing water pump (13) carries out real-time moisturizing and maintains constant liquid level to Experimental Water Tank；The steam that the outer pool boiling of pipe is produced is in exhaust passage
(3) moisturizing-spraying box water (11) is reached through water separator (4) in, using spray aquaporin (19) and spray equipment
(18) the pool boiling steam in moisturizing-spraying box water (11) is sprayed, Cool-water Machine for Industry (20) is cooled down to moisturizing, cold
But the moisturizing after provides power by moisturizing water pump (13) and flows to Experimental Water Tank (1) so as to realize moisturizing through moisturizing passage (12)
Recycle；When experimental channel 5) it is inside and outside reach heat exchange balance after, be arranged in moisturizing using signal acquiring system (17) record and lead to
Flow mass M, pressure P and temperature T number that mass flowmenter (14), pressure gauge (15) and thermocouple (16) on road (12) is gathered
According to, by P, T inquire about physical property draw moisturizing enthalpy H1And the saturated vapor enthalpy H under atmospheric environment2, calculated by following formula
Heat exchange amount Q；
Q=(H2-H1)×M。
7. measuring method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Mass flowmenter (14), pressure gauge (15) and thermoelectricity
Even (16) registration no longer changed more than five minutes afterwards can gathered data, it is ensured that poised state is reached inside and outside pipeline.
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| CN110133037B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2021-11-30 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Experimental device for be used for studying pool boiling heat transfer under different heating surface structures |
| CN110274627A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 西安交通大学 | The measurement method of interior high temperature and pressure working medium flow distribution is restrained in parallel connection |
| CN110274627B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-06-19 | 西安交通大学 | Measuring method for high-temperature and high-pressure working medium flow distribution in parallel tube bundle |
| CN113188598A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Experimental system for researching retention characteristics of radioactive substances in steam generator |
| CN113188598B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-11-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Experimental system for researching retention characteristics of radioactive substances in steam generator |
| CN113719886A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-30 | 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 | Balance control system for water conservancy between households |
| CN113719886B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2024-01-26 | 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 | Indoor water conservancy balance control system |
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