CN1065953C - New heat pipe - Google Patents

New heat pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1065953C
CN1065953C CN95119591A CN95119591A CN1065953C CN 1065953 C CN1065953 C CN 1065953C CN 95119591 A CN95119591 A CN 95119591A CN 95119591 A CN95119591 A CN 95119591A CN 1065953 C CN1065953 C CN 1065953C
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China
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nozzle
heat
pipe
conservancy diversion
water conservancy
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CN95119591A
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CN1153897A (en
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刘玉海
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a new heat pipe device used for heat transmission and heat exchange. A streamlined diversion nozzle and a return gap are at least distributed in a descent pipe of a pipe casing. The present invention does not need an external power device and has the functions of guidance rewinding and non-condensable gas active running of diffusion carrying. The new heat pipe can be run under weight and under inverse weight, and solves the problems of a non-condensable dead area and water hammer noise, etc. of the heat pipe, particularly a molten steel heat pipe. The present invention can obtain the effects of 30DEG starting and even temperature of 60DEG. The service life of the present invention can reach 20 thousand hours. The present invention can be used for more than 12 years. Besides, a heat pipe radiator, an electric heating device, an air heating device, a solar energy device, a heat pipe boiler, etc. have the advantages of low cost, high heat efficiency and long service life.

Description

The new heat pipe device
The invention belongs to the heat-pipe apparatus that passes the heat transfer technology field.
It is hundreds of even up to ten thousand times and create and use obtaining many new exploitations over nearly 30 years that hot pipe technique surpasses the best good thermal conductors such as silver-bearing copper of nature with its conduction hot property, particularly aspect energy-saving material-saving, broad application prospect arranged.But in the application of different product, also exist 1. fixed gas to be elected to gather and stay and form the dead band, the heat pipe effective length is reduced so that lost efficacy in far-end by steam; 2. it is excessive to carry the limit influence, and when especially working medium was acutely seethed with excitement, steam carried and shears a large amount of liquid backflows and reduced the condensation heat transfer amount, and 3. clashes into pipe end formation noise and vibration; 4. capillary limit influence is excessive, when the working medium amount after a little while, evaporator section even take place dry.Mainly be to adopt chemical method to handle shell inside to form diaphragm and add oxidant to fixed gas at present, as Japan Patent " 2816941/85 produces the method for heat pipe ", Chinese patent " 89102900 modified reduction-type heat-pipe ".Diaphragm has certain effect, but that the 1-2 fixed gas gathers is just quite serious; Adopt the scheme of oxidant powerless to the heat pipe that is lower than 160 ℃, 110 ℃ work.The background of heat-pipe apparatus system vacuum about 10 -2About-13Pa, vacuum is between high vacuum region in the genus, and in comparatively typical single heat pipe of Φ 25 * 2 * 2000mm, its background fixed gas molecular number reaches 24 * 10 23More than, the thermotube shell of various in addition metals and glass is from the sealing moment, and it also is unavoidable that accumulation is oozed in the leakage of every minute.Except that controlled heat pipes such as gas obstruction, these fixed gases all are harmful substances of heat pipe, and particularly water steel heat pipe is because of inconsistent problem, the more fixed gas of generation in service, and a hundred or so sky of severe patient promptly loses isothermal characteristics.Former Soviet Union's patent " the vertical centrifugal heat pipe of SU102359 " has proposed to establish conical baffle in a kind of whole delivery area from the evaporator section adiabatic section to condensation segment it has been divided into the heat pipe of internal channel and peripheral channel, its liquid refluxes through the hole of dividing plate periphery centrifugal and steam respectively in the internal and external channel action, shears and carries to reflux certain effect is arranged reducing steam; Chinese patent bulletin " 88108907.9 heat pipe structure " is on the basis of several annular heat pipes, 8 font annular heat pipes of small-sized pressure sensitive one-way valve have been proposed to establish in a kind of, having overcome elongated heat pipe sharply increases because of the liquid resistance that capillary wick causes, also part has solved water hammer and serious bump that the mutual interference of stream-liquid two-phase flow antikinesis phase forms, when heat pipe structure is that the ring-type of minor diameter and shape unanimity is when being connected everywhere, fixed gas is promoted by slug flow, can not form fixedly dead band.
Its working medium operation of annular heat pipe of establishing small-sized pressure sensitive one-way valve in above-mentioned must be through 2 valve seats, spheroid and baffle plate pin.About 85 (apertures 10%)-5.7 (aperture 50%)-3.9 (aperture 100%) of the resistance coefficient of single ball valve [are consulted " practical thermal technology's handbook P228 hydraulic and electric engineering publishing house version in 1988].The Push And Release of this valve is the dynamic process of a pulsed, even in standard-sized sheet, the resistance coefficient of its 2 ball valves about 7.8, and the common coarse pipe of even sliding garden pipe bend (interior with the bend pipe of inhaling core) resistance coefficient about 0.52, when there is shearing stress in the scope of freedom of liquid, make coefficient of friction increase 2-3 doubly, about 1.04-1.56, the heat-pipe apparatus of as seen adorning globe valve has increased the running resistance of working medium morely.The most operating temperature ranges of heat-pipe apparatus are wide, the low and input heat hour when temperature, and the low big particularly lower working medium of saturated vapor pressure of resistance that adds of steam pressure will push away not open valve body, can not form the loop operation of continuous effective.This just in this patent working example water conservancy project matter instead not as the good reason of freon; When the high input of heat pipe operating temperature heat was big, spheroid was beated between valve seat and block rapidly, forms noise and wearing and tearing that spheroid clashes into back and forth, moreover adopted valve arrangement and Al 2O 3, copper, red sapphire spheroid, it is many that its cost is increased, in addition, the big or working medium amount of excessive or internal diameter after a little while when the change of shape of annular heat pipe condensation segment, working medium can not form slug flow at this, fixed gas has only few part to be carried, and major part is pushed the far-end that is extruded onto flow velocity trend zero, still stays and forms the dead band.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new heat pipe device, it need not promptly have the guiding winding and spread the function of carrying the active operation of fixed gas by outer power device, fixed gas can return the heating evaporation section jointly with working medium and participate in evaporation again, strengthen the boiling alveolation, keep the heat pipe effective length, prolong its longevity to use the life-span.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of novel heat-pipe apparatus, its forward running resistance is little, and the inverted running resistance is big, reduces and carries limit and capillary limit influence, water hammer vibration and ball valve pulsation impact noise do not take place in working medium for a long time, and working medium is few does not burn to not drying up below 1.0% yet.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention is to increase with simple structure and about cost of about 1%, solve this most cheap heat-pipe apparatus of steel-water and form the problem that the dead band can not be applied inefficiency life-span weak point because of fixed gas, fixed gas live in heat pipe and participate in boiling alveolation, enhanced heat exchange.
The 4th purpose of the present invention is the effective infiltration that strengthens the few heat pipe of low temperature or high temperature or working medium amount, increases effective feed flow, reduces the contrary operation of liquid, increases evaporator section condensation heat transfer amount, makes heat-pipe apparatus obtain the practical usefulness of more much scopes.
The 5th purpose of the present invention is to adjust the circular flow of heat pipe boiler from structure, makes decline intraductal working medium forced refluence, solves working medium and flows to disorderlyly, and fixed gas blocks and burns problem with pipe explosion accident.
The 6th purpose of the present invention provides establishes the new heat pipe device that water conservancy diversion nozzle water conservancy diversion transports working medium in a kind of main dependence, it can rely on gravity work, reversible again gravity operation.
The present invention realizes like this, shell at sprue with connection in series-parallel connection and down-comer composition, annotate working medium in the shell, establish the topping up sealing device on the shell, in above-mentioned down-comer, lay a top at least and be streamlined and the bottom becomes the water conservancy diversion nozzle of tubulose, cavity ring limit shape, the water conservancy diversion nozzle matches with its installation place and is provided with backflow gap, described water conservancy diversion nozzle is directed to accelerating jetting stream with vapour-liquid working medium, and near part working medium the nozzle and the injected stream winding of fixed gas, diffusion are carried and returned the heating evaporation section jointly through backflow gap and participate in evaporation again.
The water conservancy diversion nozzle of heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention is that turriform, taper, half garden hemispherical, 1-4 nozzle identical or that the shape function is different trapezoidal, that convergent-divergent is tubular are formed, and the nozzle top is closed or jet is arranged, and nozzle matches with the installation place and is provided with backflow gap.More than these shape styles, all be designed to the thin walled shell that adapts with the down-comer internal diameter, be subdivided into the reflection nozzle by its function, penetrate nozzle, the conflux nozzle and with the compound nozzle of mozzle or the combination of several nozzle.
The water conservancy diversion nozzle of heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention can also be made up of 1-4 concentric mozzle and 1-5 streamlined nozzle, wherein 1-4 level nozzle covers on and leaves the gap of spraying fluid on the mozzle at the same level and in the joint portion, the 1st utmost point nozzle top is closed or aperture arranged, all the other nozzle open tops are also gone here and there on the upper level mozzle, and the final stage nozzle places the lower end of mozzle to play the conflux nozzle.Form down-comer between the mozzle outside of this scheme and the inner wall of tube shell.It is steam and the pressurization that suitably increases to far-end jet band heat energy that the 1st utmost point nozzle stays aperture, so that the condensation segment far-end is strengthened effective heat exchange, the vapor mixing that fixed gas and aperture spray attracts diffusion to return evaporator section jointly through backflow gap with condensate liquid and the injected again stream of residue vapor.The position of aperture is to be located at center, nozzle top or better according to viscous flow one of shell cavity shape size deflection; If adopt European plan pinnacle turriform nozzle, hollow in the pinnacle, pointed tip is stayed aperture, and its jet length is farther; Also can stay aperture on top and periphery.Nozzle bottom is big with distance from top, with form better bottom damping reflection and to the pinnacle one section pressure relatively low and fixed gas and part working medium had better to take out draw effect.
At cluster type heat pipe, separate heat pipe and heat-pipe radiator, heat pipe boiler etc. have in the shell that is communicated with in parallel of manifold road, can select one or a few arm as down-comer.Installing thin plate band is divided into half garden, semilune or rectangle parallel transistor with it in the shell of single or cluster type heat pipe in addition, and the less pipe of one of them pipe or hydraulic diameter is laid the water conservancy diversion nozzle and established backflow gap as down-comer in this down-comer.The thin plate band generally selects the thick metal of 0.12-1.2mm or plastic resin, glass strip.Plastic resin etc. to be selected in the vacuum discharge quantity less and with working medium compatibility material preferably, as polystyrene, TFP, TFE, ABS, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, epoxy resin etc.; The thin plate of the optional iron and steel of metal, stainless steel, copper, aluminium, TC aluminium and and the corresponding material of shell.
The water conservancy diversion nozzle of heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention can make divides into one or the ring bodies that adapts of several and its external diameter and installation place internal diameter on its bottom, form single, double or multilayer backflow gap, and ring bodies also can have elasticity.Can also make the ring limit of water conservancy diversion nozzle bottom become flange shape, just as carnival hat shape and Ω shape.
Can be provided with particle and/or reticular fibre shape imbibition core around the water conservancy diversion nozzle of heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention and the backflow gap between the down-comer inwall.This imbibition core can be communicated with the capillary wick at other position of heat pipe, also can not be communicated with, and also can just only establish around nozzle, and capillary wick is not then established at other position.Establish the imbibition core in backflow gap, increase the resistance of steam working medium and little,, also added the capillary force of attraction fluid transfer if this imbibition core is communicated with the capillary wick of evaporator section to the liquid influence that refluxes.Because the forward resistance is little, vapour-liquid is moved in the same way and has been strengthened the effective infiltration and the transmission performance of the few heat pipe of low temperature or high temperature or working medium amount, increases effective feed flow, reduces the liquid lost motion, increase evaporator section condensation heat transfer amount, make heat-pipe apparatus obtain the practical usefulness of more much scopes.
The water conservancy diversion nozzle of heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention can also adopt silk or the spiral of bandlet coiling or the list or the double Shell of scroll elastomer-forming, becomes reflection, injection or conflux nozzle.Its profile profile can be garden, Ban Yuan, hemisphere, trapezoidal or convergent-divergent is tubular has according to the structure of pressure and temperature from dynamic deformation and little vibration.
The top of particularly reflecting nozzle at the water conservancy diversion nozzle can be provided with spray-hole, and the inside and outside of hole can also be established spiral turbolator, as fried dough twist sheet, flight, post groove etc.Spray-hole can be made into the hole of water jet column or water smoke, as reverse taper hole, and post hole, garden, bellmouth orifice.
Heat pipe boiler under the heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention has four types: a kind of is to install new heat pipe in existing various high and low pressure-less boilers, for example at water-cooling wall, and chimney arch portion, flue, inlet and outlet, the installing of positions such as water inlet single or cluster type heat pipe.Because new heat pipe can adopt this inconsistent cooperation originally of carbon steel-water, the noise vibration that has solved existing heat pipe boiler is serious, the need that bring exhaust and uneasy congruent factor are repeatedly used and operated to the actual of fixed gas dead band and the whole boiler of short influence of life-span.Second kind is to be installed in the water conservancy diversion nozzle in the down-comer of boiler and to leave backflow gap, and boiler body system vacuum is annotated working medium and the interior heat exchanger of employings pot such as topping up sealing device is installed thermal conductance is gone out, and boiler totally becomes a phase transition of vacuum system.The third is that boiler body belongs to a phase transition of vacuum system, adopts equipment such as boiler external heat exchanger, storage heater; The 4th kind be boiler and with hot total system be phase transition of vacuum system this kind heat pipe boiler more as if a kind of separate heat pipe, boiler body is equivalent to evaporator section, connects with the hot equipment of the usefulness that is equivalent to condensation segment through pipe network.The opposite side of heat exchanger, storage heater can be a phase transition of vacuum system under the condition that guarantees the boiler body vacuum tight, also can lead to atmosphere, promptly converts the high pressure of normal theory to or does not have pressing system.Because the installing of water conservancy diversion nozzle, make gas in the violent heat pipe boiler of complex structure boiling, vapour, liquid flow to reliable and stable, make decline intraductal working medium forced refluence without pump, guarantee the liquid supply rate in the evaporation tube tedge, solved working medium flow to disorderly, fixed gas blocks and burn problem with pipe explosion accident.
The water conservancy diversion nozzle of heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention is flexibly to be installed in the down-comer.This flexible generation can rely in the top of water conservancy diversion nozzle or the cavity and establish shank shape guide rod, has flexible member on it, and the shaft-like guide rod of front needle can be the hollow pinnacle of aforesaid steeple shape nozzle.Also can be connected with sheet, bar or corrugated elastic component in the top or the bottom of nozzle, its other end is connected in the inwall of down-comer, also nozzle can be embedded ad hoc scrobicular ring or, adopt the scheme of on the water conservancy diversion nozzle, dividing into convex shape point also can by the several elastic annular bodies location that adds in the down-comer.The size that the water conservancy diversion nozzle of elasticity installing is adjusted its backflow gap automatically with the pressure and the flow of forward and reverse incoming flow can make its backflow gap in 0.1-1-2-5-10-25 or wider variation, to be suitable for the heat-pipe apparatus of the big input heat of high temperature.
1. the flow resistance coefficient difference is big for new heat pipe device water conservancy diversion nozzle top and bottom of the present invention, is example with the hemispherical shell, though its top bump is the same with the bottom cavity shapes, but its top resistance coefficient is 0.34, and the bottom is 1.33, differs from 0.99, and the end is 3.9 times of top.The tubular injection nozzle of convergent-divergent is suitably formed the composite flow guide nozzle apart from establishing the reflection nozzle at interval in its underpart, has this advantage equally.With the inverted configuration that correlation technique adopts restriction to flow, the actual through-current capability of streamlined nozzle structure forward＞1.Heat-pipe apparatus of the present invention 2. forward running resistance is littler more than 5 times than the comparison structure of establishing check valve, and is littler about 2 times than the conventional heat pipe of vapour-liquid adverse current operation.In the heat pipe working medium for a long time, the diversed nozzle guiding of liquid refluxes through down-comer, the influence of 3. carrying limit reduces, the vapor stream that also can constantly do not risen promotes to shear and 4. clashes into pipe end and produce water hammer vibration and noise, the obviously noise that does not also have spheroid to vibrate back and forth.Heat pipe boiler is low because of the complicated vacuum of housing macrostructure, but the heating-up temperature high evaporation is violent, be to be the main working medium that a small amount of fixed gas is arranged again with the liquid phase in the down-comer, even manage outer heated portion vaporization, but because the guiding of water conservancy diversion nozzle, liquid phase working fluid obtains downward momentum, water conservancy diversion nozzle top working medium and fixed gas are attracted to wrap up in to take gives evaporation tedge feed flow downwards, and the evaporation tedge is subjected to the hot working fluid vaporization upwards, 5. forms a stable forward circulation fixed gas, steam, the mutual interference of liquid phase is burnt booster so that the problem that boiler can't normally move is eliminated so that the serious water hammer of generation and the flow direction are disorderly.In heat pipe working medium after a little while, partially liq is with the vapor stream fluctuation, another part condensate liquid and steam return evaporator section through the guiding of water conservancy diversion nozzle by down-comer, 6. unlikelyly resemble conventional heat pipe liquid and are sheared to elect at pipe end by steam and return not come and produce and dry up.Usually heat-pipe working medium accounts for the 25-45% of internal volume, even heat-pipe apparatus working medium amount of the present invention≤10% can not dry up yet, so the capillary limit problem is better solved.The water conservancy diversion nozzle cooperates with the installation place down-comer, forms to have to meet to receive the streamlined top and the diminishing throat of vapour-liquid working medium.What wherein preceding four kinds of nozzles formed is class annular throat, and what the convergent-divergent pipe formed is the tapering type throat of tubulose.But 7. vapour-liquid stream all had the function of receiving reflection-compression acceleration-expansion to spray.Injection stream has gravitation, pressure and the working medium flow that flows through nozzle according to vapor stream, injection stream may be turbulence or viscous flow laminar flow and low-density high velocity stream, and turbulent flow winding, viscous flow near gas it and working medium carries with forming respectively 8., high velocity stream is wrapped up in and taken and spread.According to test, under a basic up and down isobaric condition, near the nozzle of tool subsonic speed velocity of sound jet, interior Φ 14,19mm pipe all have different taking out to draw effect at distance nozzle 1140-400-0mm apart from inside, and the original gas that 9. drives in the wrong direction with jet is attracted to the equidirectional of jet and through backflow gap and working medium blending.The 10. fixed gas that is mixed in the working medium is subjected to heat foamable at evaporator section, strengthened the boiling alveolation heat exchange of working medium, because the proportion flow velocity of bubble and vapour, liquid working medium differs, bubble is swung rising in the shape of a spiral, strengthened disturbance to working medium, broken and the reorganization of bubble has been interfered laminar sublayer and film condensation, thereby has been strengthened the condensation heat transfer of condensation segment.Because the water conservancy diversion nozzle forward resistance of new heat pipe is little, oppositely resistance is big, when light weight is heated, working medium promptly starts operation and is attracted to quicken to return evaporator section by the nozzle reflection, so can rely on gravity work, again can be in the condition subinverse gravity operation of liquid pool light weight heat supply, a heat pipe promptly is a gravity type heat pipe together, is again the antigravity heat pipe.If suitable capillary wick is set, then promptly reduce the capillary limit restriction, can increase effective feed flow again, reduce the contrary operation of liquid, strengthen effective infiltration of evaporator section, weightless and the comprehensive work of gravitational field.As seen be the excellent specific property that the new heat pipe device of characteristic Design is brought by water conservancy diversion nozzle and this simple structure of backflow gap, make the fixed gas in original formation dead band that " activity " arranged, no matter which kind of dead angle area fixed gas hangs out in, the fixed gas that tool far-end zero flow velocity district is detained is carried by diffusion and returns evaporator section and participate in recirculation.Therefore influence a great problem in heat pipe effective length and service life and solved, and present technique not the restraint of labour temperature and the scope of application.The simple metal thin shell system of water conservancy diversion nozzle arrangements is made installing easily in addition, with low cost, inner nothing corrosion, long service life, so the new heat pipe device will be in that each industry and civilian biography heat exchange field will be that major contribution is made by society with the Practical Performance of its advanced excellence and the remarkable result of energy-saving material-saving widely.
Fig. 1, water conservancy diversion nozzle arrangements sketch.
Fig. 2, the heat-pipe apparatus schematic diagram that nozzle combines with mozzle.
Fig. 3, down-comer and water conservancy diversion spray nozzle device schematic diagram that the thin plate band is separated.
Fig. 4, cluster type heat pipe device schematic diagram.
Fig. 5, separate heat pipe device schematic diagram.
Fig. 6, the heat-pipe radiator structure sketch.
Fig. 7, solar heat tubular construction and schematic diagram.
Fig. 8, the heat pipe boiler structure diagram.
Fig. 1 shows some typical structure sketches of water conservancy diversion nozzle.Wherein a is turriform part figure, can be the appearance profile abstract graph of various towers.Zhong Guo ancient turriform for example, the pinnacle turriform in Europe, Egyptian styles such as pyramid.Its common trait is that a sharp top is arranged, the bottom of the periphery of streamlined circular arc or straight transitions and tubulose, cavity ring limit shape.The top is normally closed; Napex also can have aperture, crack, spray-hole.B is Tapered Cup figure, and its bottom is garden, Ban Yuan, the ellipse garden shape that adapts with inner wall of tube shell, and periphery and top are taper, pyramid or umbrella shape, truncated cone shape, and frustum and frustum of a pyramid shape can be as the styles of conflux nozzle.C is half garden hemispherical, and the two dimension half garden shape of dark cavity and watt shape in scrobicula chamber are arranged, and it cooperates the complete nozzle of formation with rectangle, flat down-comer; Three-dimensional hemispherical, eggshell shape, carnival hat shape and sub warhead, rocket shape etc.D is ladder shape part figure, comprises up-small and down-big box type stereo hull shape, palace ridge shape, can be the housing of streamlined garden arc and straight line and trapezoidal combination, and its bottom is rectangle normally.E is a convergent-divergent pipe sketch, can be common convergent-divergent channel Venturi tube or be suitable for spray stream-liquid two-phase flow again with the installation place adapt ellipse garden, flat, square, tubaeform, special pipe.Its periphery can be a linear pattern, also can be and manage in the fairshaped inside and outside convergent-divergent cast of the corresponding concave surface of shape, it cooperates with down-comer, form reducing in the pipe, the two-way effect of the outer expansion of pipe has better injection backflow effect, and can adopt thin plate or light-wall pipe mold pressing or mould pressing; Also can adopt the tubular shell of a back taper platform to cooperate the scheme that forms compound convergent-divergent pipe with the down-comer installation place.F is fold shape nozzle figure, its overall outline can be a turriform, taper, half garden hemispherical or trapezoidal, convergent-divergent is tubular, and bottom and periphery form fold, this class formation is with light pipe or have the down-comer of imbibition core to combine, be easy to inlay and spot welding location, it combines with the down-comer inwall, also forms to be divided into multichannel vertically or inclination or have the backflow gap of spiral.G is a strain vibrational structure water conservancy diversion nozzle, can be the garden of taper, truncated cone shape, the spiral of flat filament bandlet system or the reflection nozzle or the injection nozzle conflux nozzle of scroll elastomer-forming.Can be individual layer, also can be two or multilayer.Its top becomes injection nozzle conflux nozzle if do not seal, and the top is made closed or set up plate, ball, column structure the reflection nozzle.Because corresponding elasticity and little vibration when it has the temperature and pressure variation, noise reduction and resistive connection dirt pollution effects are good; If it becomes elasticity or interior among a small circle up and down can being moved by the working medium pushing to settle with the installation place again, also have the function of automatic removing installation place fouling and contamination and plugging.H is compound water conservancy diversion nozzle sketch, can be of the same race, and also can the xenogenesis nozzle stacked, the ring bodies that can be provided with the backflow gap place also, elastomer-bonded forms specific function or bigger reflection damping and guiding suction force, and the top of its nozzles at different levels can be sealed also can have the hole.The selection of water conservancy diversion nozzle is preferably corresponding with shell, is generally selected in the thick iron and steel of 0.2-2mm, sheet metal, silk, bandlet, pipes such as stainless steel, copper, aluminium.Select plastic resin material such as alloy such as brass, bronze, phosphor bronze, tin bronze, nickel, magnesium, titanium or polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ABS, epoxy resin to have advantage in the corrosive atmosphere long service life.
Fig. 2 is the heat pipe schematic diagram that nozzle combines with mozzle, also be first embodiment of the present invention, shell (1) is by metal, particularly iron and steel or glass, the tubulose flat pipe of pottery is made, working medium (3) is mineral, metals such as pure water or methyl alcohol, ammonia or the potassium that is lower than the shell softening point temperature, sodium, calcium, mercury, sulphur, filling amount accounts for shell internal volume 4-30%, and topping up is chewed (5) upper end at shell, and water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) is synthetic by nozzle (21) (22) (23) and mozzle (7).A is an experimental provision of this example, shell is the glass tube of Φ 16 * 2 * 720mm, mozzle is the pvc tube of Φ 10 * a 06 * 500mm, nozzle is that the top of the thick aluminium alloy sheet system of 0.2mm is closed conical shell reflection nozzle (21), the reflection nozzle cover on mozzle the band taper the top and leave spout, the ring-type backflow gap (6) that 0.2-1mm is arranged between the bottom periphery of reflection nozzle and the inner wall of tube shell, the mozzle bottom outlet is inserted on the top of conflux nozzle (23), and its bottom periphery and inner wall of tube shell have the backflow gap of 0.1-0.8mm; Evaporation segment length 75mm, condensation segment length 300mm uses electric furnace, the 40-100 ℃ hot water heating of 300w respectively, and internal vacuum is respectively (1.3-4.8) * 104Pa according to test of many times.Evaporator section is heated, working medium boiling alveolation rises to conflux nozzle place and is accelerated and sprays to top on the mozzle, the nozzle baffling that is reflected again sprays to the down-comer between inner wall of tube shell and the mozzle outer wall, and flowing back to evaporator section along wall, the reflection nozzle produces to be taken out gravitation and near the diffusion of the fixed gas the shell condensation segment end is carried and returns evaporator section jointly with working medium.One section fixed gas dead band that this example operation was about 120-50mm in 3-5 minute promptly warms up, upper and lower temperature difference＜1 ℃, and water hammer vibration and noise do not occur.B is the another embodiment of this example, and its difference is to adopt injection nozzle (22) and mozzle (7), conflux nozzle (23) to form the water conservancy diversion nozzle; The bottom of mozzle is enlarged, form the structure of mozzle and conflux nozzle one; Also can make injection nozzle and mozzle integrally manufactured; Certainly, can also be three and be integral, or form by an arm spinning, enlarging.When doing the use of antigravity heat pipe, can assist heating in the mozzle bottom, the working medium alveolation of being heated rises along mozzle, through reflection, the injection nozzle evaporator section hydrojet to shell top, spray-hole is preferably established at reflection nozzle top, spray-hole can adopt post hole, simple garden, reverse taper hole, also can set up spiral turbolator inside and outside the hole, and the cylindricality inside and outside or inside and outside helical flow path that all has in garden is arranged, can be the fried dough twist sheet also, around the working medium eddy flow being risen spray to.Can establish the imbibition core around the nozzle, when if pulsed jet occurring, because the liquid effect of holding of imbibition core, though evaporator section guarantees the heat pipe operate as normal in the last infiltration that constantly replenishes owing to jet flow working medium, the shell bottom becomes condensation segment liquid storage tank and auxiliary bringing-up section by evaporator section like this.It promptly is that gravity type heat pipe is again contrary gravity assisted heat pipe, is having the state that holds the liquid net also can work at weightless.This kind heat pipe can be as single or many boundlings composition economizers, multiple heat exchanger, condenser etc.
Fig. 3 is second embodiment of the present invention, shell is made by garden, ellipse garden, side, the flat tube of materials such as metal, particularly carbon steel, glass, pottery, the thin plate band that the 0.12-1.2mm that packs in the pipe is thick is divided into half garden, semilune or rectangle parallel transistor with this pipe, and one of them pipe or waterpower are directly made down-comer through a less pipe.In like manner, with two flat or gardens, special pipe is communicated with up and down, and one of them makes down-comer, in to establish the water conservancy diversion nozzle also be feasible.A is an experimental provision of this example, its shell (1) is the glass tube of Φ 16 * 2 * 720mm, another experimental provision is the flat garden shape pipe of 30 * 9 * 630mm (major axis * minor axis * length), working medium (3) adopts distilled water respectively, first and second alcohol, the working medium amount accounts for the 5-40% of content, topping up pipe (5) is located at the top of shell, thin plate band (8) adopts 0,1.6mm aluminium strip, 0.5mm the vinyon band, 0.22mm sheet iron strip, the water conservancy diversion nozzle has been done taper respectively, pyramid, half taper and trapezoidal shape, material are the aluminium sheets of 0.2mm, 0.25mm tinplate, backflow gap (6) is respectively 0.1-2mm.Evaporator section (11) is through 50-100 ℃ of hot water, 85-105 ℃ of Steam Heating, boiling working medium is arranged on reflection nozzle (21) reflection of down-comer (4) bottom, rise to pulsed from sprue (7), steam is not located at down-comer top by the band separated place flow direction through shell top and locates at reflection nozzle (21), because its forward flow resistance is little, and backflow gap is a little annular space, pressure between two place's water conservancy diversion nozzles is relatively low up and down, vapour-liquid working medium flows into down-comer with high speed, and the fixed gas that carries in condensation segment and the adiabatic section returns evaporator section together.This example tidal phenomena occurs more for a long time when working medium amount, but sprue working medium pressure head height, down-comer pressure head are low, significantly biasing drainage occurs, and fixed gas is (2.6-5) * 10 approximately 4Pa does not form the dead band.Because too much working medium is returned from down-comer through the water conservancy diversion nozzle at any time, impact noise do not occur, lower working medium boiling and the mobile sound of vapour-liquid are only arranged.If then auxiliary heating sprue part or shell bottom liquid pool when doing the use of antigravity heat pipe, the working medium that contains a large amount of steam bubbles that is heated by light weight rises along sprue, UNICOM through shell top partly flows to down-comer, the condensation segment of upper end becomes evaporator section, establish capillary wick or porous layer net around being preferably in top evaporator section and water conservancy diversion nozzle, evaporator section can produce steam continuously, and operation is for the condensation segment condensation heat transfer of bottom downwards.B is shell and thin plate band and the two-tube multiple plan of establishment schematic diagram that connects.Obviously, this type of design is very many, all can be selected to the concrete structure of different schemes of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the 3rd an embodiment cluster type heat pipe device schematic diagram of the present invention.Existing cluster type heat pipe adopts several to several tens thousand of single heat pipes to be placed in fixing or swivel mount is formed a heat-exchanger rig, and every heat pipe is an independently phase transition of vacuum system.New heat pipe of the present invention also can be formed various heat-exchanger rigs like this.The present invention can be unified into the unified phase transition of vacuum chamber that an inside communicates with communicating pipe, case or housing with the two ends of several above heat pipes in addition, selects the pipe of right quantity to make down-comer, establishes water conservancy diversion nozzle and backflow gap in it.A adopts the form of comb in parallel among the figure, and every comb is made up of 2 above parallel pipes and 2 connection bobbin carriages at least, and every group of cluster type heat pipe is made up of 1 comb at least.B, c are the styles of comb battle array, by the above comb of at least 2 rows, communicating pipe, case of each row interconnect again, and wherein b increases up and down totally 4 communicating pipe, case in the termination of each comb case, can form fork row, in-line arrangement and thermal source and the various ways that needs with hot equipment.Also can be one with the vertical tube weldering again by the pipeloop weld horizontal transverse tube of each ring-type garden or ellipse garden shape up and down.C is that tube sheet is box, and the two ends of 3 above vertical tubes also are welded on the plate of two corresponding aperture, and each is welded into airtight integral body by an end socket 2 blocks of plates, end socket can put down can be protruding can be recessed, according to domestic and foreign work pressure, better when diameter is big with convex head.Also can add a plate in addition, cold fluid and hot fluid is separated in the adiabatic section; Yet evaporator section and condensation segment can be sealed with big garden tube and dividing plate, be resembled the appearance of shell and tube exchanger commonly used, be suitable for the heat exchange of liquid class fluid.D is a U type tubular type, is welded on 1 bobbin carriage by the U type tube side-by-side more than 1 and forms, and also denumerable row welds and fuses, if establish capillary wick, can make that bobbin carriage is vertical, the U pipe is horizontally disposed with in the heating evaporation section.(1) is shell among the figure, and (3) are working medium, and (5) are the topping up sealing devices, but the manufacturing of valve industrialization streamline is used in the all-metal sealing that it adopts me to obtain patent previously more, and can stably improve product quality and production efficiency.The heat pipe of efficient cheap working medium such as existing employing water is not because the rate of exchange and technical problem are established safety valve, have and adopt fusible plug, but if fusible plug is washed open and is not in time found and change, this heat pipe will be burnt, and domestic because heat pipe blast burnout failure etc. influenced applying of this efficient biography heat-exchanger rig.Adopt many of the present invention to be communicated with all-in-one-piece cluster type heat pipe devices, be provided with one on the top of shell and meet the safety valve (18) that vacuum and low mesohigh require, change by the design load automatic shutter, to guarantee normal safe handling according to internal pressure.In the shell of many parallel connections, 1/2-1/100 with the parallel transistor number is elected to be down-comer (4), a water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) is set in each down-comer at least, and backflow gap (6) is established in water conservancy diversion nozzle and down-comer cooperation place, and this gap multiselect is in the 0.2-10mm scope.Can also be the water conservancy diversion nozzle of elasticity installing, the size of adjusting backflow gap automatically by the pressure and the flow of working medium.The pipe of heating evaporation section and condensation segment is outer can adorn fin, around expansion enhanced heat exchange structures such as sheet, string sheets, makes cold and hot heat-transfer surface obtain best proportioning.
Fig. 5 is the 4th an embodiment separate heat pipe device of the present invention, violent or the working medium of existing separate heat pipe heating more for a long time, steam is sheared to wrap up in and is taken the bulk drop and cause the water hammer vibrating noise, heat is imitated also and is reduced, because separate heat pipe is preparation at the scene usually, the low fixed gas of its vacuum gathers seriously, and setting up the water conservancy diversion nozzle in the heating evaporation section and/or in the condensation segment can overcome the above problems.(11) are evaporator sections among the figure, and (12) are condensation segments, and (4) are down-comers, and its quantity is advisable with the 1/3-1/20 of evaporator section or the section of condensing and tubulation number and sprue is spaced.(7) be the tedge of system, (8) are the down-comers of system, when too small as if two parts discrepancy in elevation of separating, also establish the water conservancy diversion nozzle in system's down-comer and can guarantee good reflux and operation.(3) be working medium, (5) be the topping up sealing device, general topping up is chewed, and also can adopt the sealing of metal to use valve more, and (2) are the water conservancy diversion nozzles, it is located in the selected down-comer and leaves backflow gap, evaporator section is if be used for high temperature environment such as boiler, flue, kiln, and preferably setting up net or porous layer in the down-comer holds the liquid core, makes it be unlikely that discontinuity to occur dry in order to avoid burn, also help soaking into and improve evaporation rate, also can set up vacuum pressure safety valve (18) in addition.
Fig. 6 is the 5th an embodiment heat-pipe radiator of the present invention, and a is board-like among the figure, is welded into one its back side or two-sided being welded to flow again by die forming; B is a pillar, can be the unit of 2-5 post and is welded into one group; C is a calandria, and the outer surface of comb can be welded to flow or fin around sheet, and every row can be a 3-50 stylostome assembly welding arranged side by side, can single or several groups of lining up; D is a flat pipe type, is to be welded into one by the flat pipe group more than ten several; E is an annular series connection sheet string type; F is the multitube parallel sheet string type.Heat-pipe radiator of the present invention is by shell (1), and water conservancy diversion nozzle (2), working medium (3), down-comer (4), topping up sealing device (5), backflow gap (6) are formed.Wherein heating evaporation section (11) utilizes the hot water and steam of heat supply network to be thermal source, and corresponding thermal source interface (9) is arranged; When thermal source with electricity or oil, liquefied gas, coal gas, natural gas and install corresponding heater manipulation device and promptly become electricity, Air heating appts..The topping up sealing device preferably adopts the all-metal sealing to use valve more, in order to large-batch industrial manufacturing reliably.The heat-pipe radiator shell is outside to adhere to the section of condensing outer surface (12) separately with the air contact site, its outside preferably is welded to flow (16), the general every group of radiator 1-8 of down-comer props up, be selected in both sides and all can in the somewhere, middle part, preferably the 1/5-1/30 with sprue (7) is provided with at interval, establish 1-2 water conservancy diversion nozzle in each down-comer, can be individual layer also can be compound.The pillar that this is routine and board-like employing low-carbon cold rolling steel plate and water conservancy project matter, wall thickness 0.5,0.8mm sample once in 90,92, surveyed formula through a few thermal technology of family platforms respectively in 93 years, adopt different water conservancy diversion nozzles can obtain to improve the effect of heat 3-10%, the reducing of its noise vibration can be used for bedroom and office and do not influence and have a rest and office, fixed gas is at 5-3300Pa, fixed gas is guided, 30 ℃ of startup work have been obtained, the one's best quality of 60 ℃ of sammings, the heat dissipation capacity of the template radiator that wherein 480mm is high has reached and has surpassed national like product standard, its service life is through more than 20,000 hours, also in the test of carrying out the longer time.Calculate according to empirical equation, 0.5 and post, the template radiator of the thick iron plate housing of 0.8mm can use more than 10,12 years, be much higher than the service life of existing 1.2,1.5mm wall thickness national standard post, template radiator.
Fig. 7 is the 6th an embodiment solar heat pipe unit of the present invention, a is the improvement of existing single heat pipe-type, evaporator section (11) adopts tubular glass or iron and steel, materials such as copper stainless steel, working medium (3) adopts acetone, first and second alcohol, water or binary ternary mixed liquor, the working medium amount accounts for the 5-40% of internal volume, because of having adopted thin plate band (8) or the mozzle down-comer of separating (4) and the water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) and the backflow gap (6) that are located in this pipe, the comparable prior art of working medium amount reduces by half and wetting effect is still good, good freezing protection effect; Condensation segment (12) is through in the water tank (10) and by water logging not to be had.Also can adopt liquid sucting core structure in the evaporator section.Vacuum heat-insulating layer (13) can be established in the outside of heat pipe, and (19) are that Inlet and outlet water is chewed, and (16) are reflector layers, and (17) are supports.
B is the Application of Solar Energy example of separate heat pipe, evaporator section (11) is made up of glass, iron and steel, copper aluminium, stainless steel or its compo pipe, the fin tube of boundling in parallel, also can adopt mild steel flat tube and the plank frame of an embodiment, it has level communicating pipe (9) to link up and down, working medium (3) adopts water, first and second alcohol, acetone, heptane, pentane or its mixed liquor, and filling amount accounts for the 10-45% of internal volume; Topping up sealing device (5) adopts and the corresponding material of shell; Down-comer (4) is provided with the 1/2-1/8 proportional spacing with sprue (7), also can in each pipe, add the pipe that the thin plate band is divided into and make down-comer, preferably the sunny slope and the back are separated, select back pipe to make down-comer, establish water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) in the down-comer, its style can be the various reflection injections of aforesaid adaptation inner chamber, conflux or compound nozzle, the water conservancy diversion nozzle adopts the copper aluminium similar or different with shell, iron or tinplate are zinc-plated, the thin plate material of the plumbous nickel chromium triangle copper of tin, at least establish 1 thermal insulation section of transporting (13) between water conservancy diversion nozzle and the condensation segment (12), preferably establish 2, one of them makes down-comer, this down-comer can be drawn back top or bottom direct and evaporator section from condensation segment and be linked, as linking with lower horizontal communicating pipe among the figure, its connecting mode can be welding, also airtight loose joint; Condensation segment is located in the water tank (10), condensation segment can be garden pipe or special pipe, can be single tube or multitube, can be straight tube or helix tube or coiled pipe, bellows, its pipe is outer as establishing fin, around sheet, the string sheet can increase heat exchange area and heat exchange amount, the about level of condensation segment or＜15 ° inclination angle, can stretch out with the thermal insulation section of transporting from the appropriate location of the biside plate of water tank or case shell and join, the water tank Keyuan Garden can be flat can be square, it is inner and the condensation segment outside is preferably antirust corrosion-resistant nontoxic, as select copper for use, stainless steel, the ferrous materials of aluminium or copper facing zinc-nickel chromium tin is coated with coating such as spraying the antirust plastic resin on the surface of steel and iron parts and also can; Inlet and outlet water interface or valve (19) are arranged on the water tank, preferably select copper or plastics etc. for use; The sunny slope coating spectral selection absorbed layer of evaporator section, but its outside also cover glass, polyester solar panel, fiberglass transparent panel, plastic, transparent plate and thick film etc.Also can make transparent material become vacuum seal with the space of evaporator section sealing, its protection effect is better; The back side of evaporator section, the exposure portion of thermal insulation section of transporting and water tank all can be established insulating (16), (17) are supports.
C is a solar energy composite heat-exchange device, evaporator section (11) is made up of 1 of aforesaid several solar energy heated sheet or polylith connection in series-parallel, the about 1/2-1/6 of many parallel transistors of evaporator section makes down-comer, or dress thin plate band is separated in the parallel transistor, select back separating tube to make down-comer, system's trunk line also is divided into tedge (7) and down-comer (4), in above-mentioned several down-comers, establish water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) and leave backflow gap, water is arranged in evaporator section, first and second alcohol, acetone, working medium such as ammonia (3), filling weight accounts for the 12-50% of housing internal volume, transport Duan Shangshe topping up sealing device (5) at evaporator section and thermal insulation, be preferably the all-metal sealing valves of using more; Condensation segment (12) is composed in series by air more than at least 1 group or liquid heat-exchanger, this condensation segment is if adopt the radiator of heating, just become the solar heating heat-pipe apparatus, if select the heat exchanger that industrial or agricultural uses for use and combine in a Room or kiln, jar, can form solar energy heating, apparatus for baking, if select air heater and the cooperation of underground heating net on the ground for use, can make the heating device of solar energy greenhouse booth.Condensation segment is a storage heater (17) also, interior storage or saving heat is situated between, be situated between for good with the phase-change type accumulation of heat, accumulation of heat and uniformly controlled round-the-clock to hot equipment heat supply when by day being arranged sunshine, but also additional electrical, coal, oil, gas are that the auxiliary heater (15) of thermal source is in order to the cloudy day use to storage heater.
During the operation of solar heat pipe unit, evaporator section is heated by illumination, the working medium boiling alveolation of being heated, vapour-liquid alveolation stream constantly is heated vaporization along being risen by sun-exposed sprue, the tedge of steam menopause thermotransport section enters the section of condensing, discharge latent heat and become liquid mutually, the fixed gas that the diversed nozzle injection of working medium quickens also and quilt is spread returns evaporator section through the down-comer backflow gap and participates in recirculation, and the water of the section of condensing shell air outside soil or water tank inside, accumulation of heat are situated between constantly to be heated and supply multiple application.Because the special-effect that the big forward resistance of reverse resistance of water conservancy diversion nozzle is little and spray fluid, evaporator section and imbibition core are wetting good and eliminated vibrating noise, and the length of remaining valid prolongs its service life.All right plating spectral reflectance layer of thin plate band and mozzle and water conservancy diversion nozzle or absorbed layer maximally utilise solar energy.
Fig. 8 is the 7th an embodiment heat pipe boiler of the present invention.The scheme of heat pipe and phase change vacuum boiler and heating system thereof and operation characteristic once partly disclosed in the Chinese patent 87107485 of my application, this routine feature is to set up the water conservancy diversion nozzle, make its efficient normal operation, a is the scheme of installing new heat pipe in existing upright, horizontal various high-low pressures, zero gauge pressure boiler, refine similar scheme for letter and only show a kind of vertical normal pressure tea furnace in the drawings, new heat pipe (11) is installed in drum (1) and the flue (17); The reflection nozzle of water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) is the European turriform of pinnacle shape preferably, in its pinnacle hollow and have cloth around and top little spray-hole; Working medium (3) is risen by a pot water (7) preheating alveolation, compress-spurt through the be reflected spray-hole or the convergent-divergent nozzle of nozzle of conflux nozzle and mozzle, working medium sprays to around the evaporator section on top, also can establish porous layer or netted imbibition core in the evaporator section, to protect the even feed flow of the condition of high temperature, the evaporating section of heat pipe bundle can have pair flow, spiral is around sheet, but flue gas following current crossing current, as establishing spiral stream guidance plate or fried dough twist sheet (16) in flue or between the evaporator section shell, make the oblique transversal flow evaporator section of flue gas shell, jet flow working medium is subjected to cigarette temperature heating evaporation, steam is descending along down-comer, and the quilt pot water that proceeds in the drum surrounds the condensation segment of part to pot water heat release.Obviously, new heat pipe be installed in other position that need reclaim heat also can, adopt plain cylindrical furnace steel pipe and water conservancy project matter and can ensure safety long-lived new heat pipe device multi-scheme ground increase easily boiler hot effect.
B is a kind of spirality pipeloop heat pipe boiler, and fuel can be coal or coal gas, natural gas, oil liquefied gas, fuel oil, C 5Fuel, faggot etc., many pipeloop heat pipe boilers in parallel can be used for the fuel oil vapour device of control automatically better; Working medium (3) is redistilled water or conduction oil, give preheater (15) through heat supply network down-comer (41) and the water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) and the backflow gap of establishing within it, rise to the economizer (17) that is located in the flue through the lighter working medium of preheating, the working medium that is further heated by fume afterheat enters boiler primary heater (11) along boiler down-comer (42) and the water conservancy diversion nozzle (21) (22) in it, the working medium vaporization of being heated follows tedge (7) and enters steam-water separator (9), and the globule in the steam feeds back to primary heater through down-comer (43) (42) and water conservancy diversion nozzle (22); Given heat (opening) hydrophone (13) by the steam of carbonated drink separating and dehydrating through the heat supply network increase in pipeline, shower (14), radiator (12) heat supply, the working medium that heat release is phase-changed into water flows back to down-comer (41) formation circular flow by gravity.(5) are the topping up sealing devices among the figure, and (18) are the vacuum pressure safety valves.This boiler and heat supply network belong to the sealing of total system vacuum tight, are normally operated in (9.8-5) KPa scope.The miniature boiler of the type once in trial run in 91 years, was with 50m 2Heating area, main conduit is about 18m, adds the corncob igniting with a disregard message paper, and boiler is from seeing flare card lifting stopwatch, and less than 9 fens clock times, 4 groups of radiators were warm entirely, and heating load surpasses same big hot water space heating boiler more than 2 times.Pot inner pressure is in (20-5) KPa scope.
C is a kind of extreme misery pipe heat pipe boiler with water-cooling wall, be filled with distilled water or conduction oil working medium (3) in the drum (1), the back vapour-liquid working medium of being heated enters drum along tedge (7), steam upwards in drum, (4 also return lower collector pipe (8) through the water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) and the backflow gap that are provided with in it to liquid, finish the Natural Circulation of water screen tube to the lower edge down-comer.Heat exchanger can be the condenser pipe of the band dropping bath of cluster type comb helix tube coiled pipe bellows and special use, but heat exchanger producing steam or hot water are as the heating agent with hot equipment.(5) are the topping up sealing devices among the figure, adopt many can the having concurrently with valve of metal sealing to make vacuum impregnating working medium sealing function, also can make vacuum plant in addition, and (19) are the intake-outlets of heat exchanger, and (13) are pressure vacuum gauges, and (14) are the vacuum pressure safety valves.This routine boiler working medium is used for a long time, does not meet overhaul and does not add also and do not subtract, only water or conveying pump at heat exchanger and on the employing of hot system.(17) be economizer or air preheater, if adopt new heat pipe device heat exchanger better.
D is two drum heat pipe boilers, distilled water in the water storing tank (10) or Dowtherm working medium (3) are delivered to lower drum (11) and next part case (8), tedge (7) internal working medium that is heated through preheater (15) or electromagnetic pump (16) and are become stream-liquid two-phase flow to enter upper drum, liquid follows down-comer (4) and returns lower drum and next part case through water conservancy diversion nozzle (2) and backflow gap after the vapour-liquid initial gross separation in upper drum, finishes circulation in the pot; Steam in the upper drum is supplied with heat supply network heat exchanger (12) after steam-water separator (9) dehydration, the phase-change liquid behind the heat release returns receiver by gravity and finishes a pot outer circulation.The opposite side of heat supply network heat exchanger can be that phase transition of vacuum system or open to atmosphere high-low pressure do not have pressing system or storage heater, to providing power and heat energy with hot equipment.(5) are the topping up seal valves among the figure, and (13) are pressure vacuum gauges, and (14) are the vacuum pressure safety valves; (17) be economizer, it can move with the drum connection in series-parallel, and also capable of self-circulating operation adopts the new heat pipe heat exchanger better, and (18) are air preheaters.
Heat pipe boiler of the present invention has the common trait of new heat pipe device, its thermal efficiency height, working medium is not outer to run off, normal operation need not moisturizing, adopt ultra-pure water, distilled water or conduction oil non-scaling, air and oxygen content are atomic in the device, does not corrode inside, need not resemble existing same category of device must possess and dote on big water treatment facilities, do not exist misoperation or salt solution to change the fouling that brings and fall effect so that pipe explosion accident, adopt the device self-produced steam many with valve or ad hoc steam exhaust device hot type legal system vacuum through sealing, need not purchase expensive deaeration plant, in common medium small boiler, remove water treatment from, equipment such as oxygen processing, the fund of being saved is more than 1 times of boiler investment.If adopt the airtight operation of system vacuum phase transformation, need not resemble that existing steam boiler system is established drain valve at many positions and the heavy losses that cause water, vapour and heat energy do not exist the closed circuit return water system in existing steam copper road to need optional equipments such as corrosion-and high-temp-resistant pump yet.In addition, it is big also need not to resemble the big pump electrisity consumption of hot-water boiler backwater amount, and steam is than about the big 1.25-1.6 of the equal coefficient of heat transfer of heat level times, adopt new heat pipe device steam heating of the present invention, the stream-liquid two-phase flow operation that liquid gravity refluxes, its system's heat exchange or can save large quantities of investments again with hot equipment.Certainly it exists also that system is airtight to require high difficulty, but these all are to have relevant art soluble.From above embodiment, that the present invention has is energy-conservation, water saving, material-saving power savings are very remarkable.Obvious technical though of the present invention also can be used for the transformation and the exploitation of many products, and those of ordinary skill is according to feature of the present invention, and need not creative work can design and adopt.As space is limited, other embodiment is omitted.

Claims (7)

1. new heat pipe device that is used to pass heat exchange, have the sprue of connection in series-parallel connection and the shell that down-comer is formed, establish nozzle in the shell, annotate working medium, establish the topping up sealing device on the shell, it is characterized in that laying at least in above-mentioned down-comer a top is streamlined and bottom one-tenth tubulose, the water conservancy diversion nozzle of cavity ring limit shape, the water conservancy diversion nozzle is a turriform, taper, half garden hemispherical, 1～4 trapezoidal identical or different nozzle is formed, the water conservancy diversion nozzle matches with its installation place and is provided with backflow gap, described water conservancy diversion nozzle is directed to accelerating jetting stream with vapour-liquid working medium, part working medium and the injected stream winding of fixed gas near the nozzle, diffusion are carried and are returned the heating evaporation section jointly through backflow gap and participate in evaporation again.
2. heat-pipe apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the water conservancy diversion nozzle is closed for reflecting nozzle.
3. heat-pipe apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the water conservancy diversion nozzle is made up of 1～4 concentric mozzle and 1～5 streamlined nozzle and corresponding backflow gap.
4. heat-pipe apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that being equiped with in the shell thin plate band it is divided into half garden, semilune or rectangle parallel transistor, and one of them pipe is laid the water conservancy diversion nozzle and established backflow gap as down-comer in this down-comer.
5. heat-pipe apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the water conservancy diversion nozzle is silk or the spiral of bandlet system or the list or the double Shell of scroll elastomer-forming.
6. heat-pipe apparatus as claimed in claim 2, the bottom that it is characterized in that the water conservancy diversion nozzle can establish up and down one or several ring bodies that adapts with its external diameter and installation internal diameter, form single, double or multilayer backflow gap.
7. as claim 5 or 6 described heat-pipe apparatus, it is characterized in that the water conservancy diversion nozzle is flexibly to be installed in the down-comer.
CN95119591A 1995-12-04 1995-12-04 New heat pipe Expired - Fee Related CN1065953C (en)

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CN95119591A CN1065953C (en) 1995-12-04 1995-12-04 New heat pipe

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN95119591A CN1065953C (en) 1995-12-04 1995-12-04 New heat pipe

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CN1065953C true CN1065953C (en) 2001-05-16

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US8283613B2 (en) 2006-01-05 2012-10-09 Industrial Technology Research Institute Heat-pipe electric-power generating device

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CN103851939A (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-11 林唯耕 Loop-type heat transfer structure
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