CN106570815A - Image encryption method based on double-chaos system and blocking - Google Patents
Image encryption method based on double-chaos system and blocking Download PDFInfo
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- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
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Abstract
The invention discloses an image encryption method based on a double-chaos system and blocking, which comprises the steps of performing blocking on a plaintext image; solving chaos parameters and the number of iterations of the chaos system; entirely scrambling the position of the image by taking the block as a unit; performing position scrambling on pixel points in each block of the plaintext image; generating a chaos sequence by adopting logistic mapping, and replacing a pixel value of the image. Compared with the prior art, the security of image encryption is greatly improved, and statistical characteristic analysis, plaintext or ciphertext attacks and differential attacks can be effectively resisted. Meanwhile, the image encryption method has excellent reversibility, and ensures the consistency between a decrypted image and the initial plaintext.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to technical field of image processing more particularly to a kind of based on double chaos systems and the image encryption of piecemeal
Method.
Background technology
Constantly development also brings the variation of Information Communication form to network technology simultaneously, wherein digital image information due to
It is lively directly perceived that its own has, the abundant advantage of image, extensively liking by user.But at the same time, due to interconnection
The opening of network, also results in information leakage event and emerges in an endless stream.How privately owned or shared data safety is ensured, into
For the popular problem of information security field research.
Chaos be it is a kind of seem random irregular movement phenomenon, its form of expression may be summarized to be nonlinear deterministic system
A kind of intrinsic stochasticity having in system.From the point of view of science angle, the main feature of chaos shows its unpredictability.
Shannon is it has been suggested that with regard to the central idea of cryptography design：Diffusion and confusion.And the spy that chaos system itself has
Property greatly meet diffusion and chaotic basic principle：
1. ergodic：In the range of restriction, the point on chaotic orbit can be infinitely close, so as to result in initial strip
The hardly possible property of part prediction.
2. Combination：Similar to white noise, this characteristic is derived from the folding of chaos system, local and expands for the output of chaos system
The scrambling of exhibition, compression and its track.
The diversity of index：2 points be arbitrarily close on two dimensional surface enter guild's index diverging with iteration.
Sensitivity to initial condition：Any minor variations of initial condition, all can be by not through the iteration of chaos system
It is disconnected to be amplified, directly result in produced result and huge change occurs.This is just just like famous " buterfly effect ", and it is perfect
The initial value sensitivity for explaining chaos system.
3. according to above feature, chaos system is widely used in image encryption, and various AESs are also by researcher
Propose and disclose.Chaos system not only has the good cryptographies such as initial value sensitivity, aperiodicity, non-convergency, pseudo-randomness
Characteristic, can be quickly generated the substantial amounts of chaos sequence for being adapted to construction resume image again.
The scramble based on chaos system and replace AES that Zhang Guoji is proposed, in the replacement stage Cipher Feedback is introduced
Mechanism, the mechanism realizes the impact to ciphertext by the iterationses of control chaotic system, but the program can be with spy
There is potential safety hazard so as to cause algorithm being cracked in different selection Ciphertext policy.Zhu Congxu etc. is using two and three dimensions
Cat maps combine, and carry out position scramble and pixel value is replaced, and solving chaos system can not resist phase space reconfiguration attack
Feature, but the periodic problem of Cat maps cannot be prevented effectively from.
The content of the invention
To overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of based on double chaos systems and the image encryption side of piecemeal
Method, the method meets key plain dependency, anti-statistical analysiss, anti-plaintext (ciphertext) attack characteristics of encrypted image, encryption
Process is simply easily achieved, and image is consistent with plaintext after decryption.
The technical scheme is that such：
It is a kind of based on double chaos systems and the image encryption method of piecemeal, including step
S1：Piecemeal is carried out to plaintext image, piecemeal quantity is determined according to the key that plaintext is produced；
S2：Obtain the chaotic parameter and iterationses of chaos system；
S3：The chaotic parameter and iterationses are substituted into into Kent chaotic maps and generates chaos sequence, sequence is risen
Sequence or descending are arranged, and respectively value produces labelled sequence in the subscript position of initiation sequence to record generic sequence, using labelled sequence pair
Image after piecemeal rearranges combination, so that picture position overall scramble in units of block；
S4：For each block of plaintext image, obtain the chaotic parameter and iterationses of chaos system and substitute into Kent chaos
Mapping generates chaos sequence, and ascending order or descending arrangement are carried out to chaos sequence, new subscript sequence is generated, using subscript sequence pair
Pixel in block carries out position scramble；
S5：Picture element matrix after the scramble of position is converted into into one-dimensional sequence, the non-linear of logistic chaos systems is set
The initial value of intensive parameter and two logistic chaos systems, is generated the one-dimensional sequence using logistic chaotic maps
Two the chaos sequence Ms and N consistent with number of pixels, by chaos sequence M sequence T of the codomain between [0,255] is converted into, will
Sequential value in chaos sequence N carries out ascending order or descending arrangement, generates sequence Y of new labelling subscript position, by sequence Y come
Determine that the value in sequence T carries out XOR with the pixel value of each pixel, complete image encryption.
Further, if the size of plaintext image is a × b in step S1, plaintext image is divided into j × k blocks, wherein, point
The computing formula of block size is
Further, the computing formula of chaotic parameter S is s=(a+b+sum/ (a*b))/(a*a+b*b) in step S2, is mixed
The computing formula of the iterationses c of ignorant system is c=mod (a*a+b*b, a+b)+2a+b.
Further, step S5 includes step：
S51：By chaos sequence M={ m1,m2,m3…ma*bBe converted to sequence T={ t1,t2,t3…ta*b, its conversion method
For：T=mod (mi×108,256)1≤i≤a×b；
S52：Ascending order or arrangement are carried out to the sequential value in chaos sequence N, record sequence after sequential value in original series
In subscript value, generate new sequence Y={ y1,y2,y3…ya×b}；
S53：By sequence Y to determine sequence T in the pixel value of value and each pixel carry out XOR, computing
Formula isWherein ii' for pixel new pixel value, iiFor pixel original pixel value.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is, compared with prior art, the present invention is greatly improved the safety of image encryption
Property, statistics characteristic analysis, opposing can be effective against in plain text or ciphertext only attack, resisting differential are attacked, while can with excellent
Inverse property, it is ensured that the concordance of the image after decryption and initial plaintext.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention based on double chaos systems and the image encryption method flow chart of piecemeal.
Fig. 2 is original image.
Fig. 3 is images of the Fig. 2 after method of the present invention encryption.
Fig. 4 is the rectangular histogram of the original image in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the rectangular histogram of image after the encryption in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the distribution situation of the pixel of Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is the distribution situation of the pixel of Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is the decrypted image of normal decryption.
Fig. 9 is that the decrypted image after minor alteration is carried out to initial value.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Refer to Fig. 1, the present invention is a kind of based on double chaos systems and the image encryption method of piecemeal, including step
S1：Piecemeal is carried out to plaintext image, piecemeal quantity is determined according to the key that plaintext is produced；
S2：Obtain the chaotic parameter and iterationses of chaos system；
S3：The chaotic parameter and iterationses are substituted into into Kent chaotic maps and generates chaos sequence, sequence is risen
Sequence or descending are arranged, and respectively value produces labelled sequence in the subscript position of initiation sequence to record generic sequence, using labelled sequence pair
Image after piecemeal rearranges combination, so that picture position overall scramble in units of block；
S4：For each block of plaintext image, obtain the chaotic parameter and iterationses of chaos system and substitute into Kent chaos
Mapping generates chaos sequence, and ascending order or descending arrangement are carried out to chaos sequence, new subscript sequence is generated, using subscript sequence pair
Pixel in block carries out position scramble；
S5：Picture element matrix after the scramble of position is converted into into one-dimensional sequence, the non-linear of logistic chaos systems is set
The initial value of intensive parameter and two logistic chaos systems, is generated the one-dimensional sequence using logistic chaotic maps
Two the chaos sequence Ms and N consistent with number of pixels, by chaos sequence M sequence T of the codomain between [0,255] is converted into, will
Sequential value in chaos sequence N carries out ascending order or descending arrangement, generates sequence Y of new labelling subscript position, by sequence Y come
Determine that the value in sequence T carries out XOR with the pixel value of each pixel, complete image encryption.
Kent mappings are the good chaos systems of performance, and its mapping relations is:
Wherein S is the control parameter of chaos system, and as x ∈, (0,1), (0, Kent chaotic maps have one just to S ∈ when 1)
Lyapunov indexes, now Kent mappings will generate the acyclic and chaos sequence do not restrained.
Logistic mappings are a typical one-dimensional discrete Chaos dynamic systems, and its birth stems from demographics,
Its concrete rule can use following mathematical formulae to define：
xn+1=μ xk(1-xk) (2)
Wherein μ is the parameter of mission nonlinear intensity, and its span is 0≤μ≤4, and k is secondary for the iteration of chaos system
Number, xkFor the initial value of logistic chaos systems, its span is 0 ＜ xk＜ 1.When 3.569≤μ≤4, the system mapping
In chaos state, system now can be all caused to produce diverse non-convergent, acyclic to the minor alteration of initial value
Sequence.
The size for assuming image I to be encrypted is a × b, and the present invention's concretely comprises the following steps：
S1:The picture element matrix of image I is carried out into isometric division according to its row and column, arrange the size for dividing be respectively j and
K, wherein
Specific division rule is as follows：
Rule one：When mod (a, j)=0, mod (b, k)=0, image I is then divided into j × k blocks, the pixel per block
Number is
Rule two：When mod (a, j) ≠ 0, mod (b, k)=0, image I is then divided into the different block of two classes, a class block
Size isAnother kind of piece of size is
Rule three：When mod (a, j)=0, mod (b, k) ≠ 0, image I is then divided into the different block of two classes, a class block
Size isAnother kind of piece of size is
Rule four：When mod (a, j) ≠ 0, mod (b, k) ≠ 0, image I is then divided into the different block of two classes, a class block
Size isThe size of one class block isThe size of one class block isLast block it is big
It is little for mod (a, j) × mod (b, k)；
S2:Assembled arrangement again is carried out to piecemeal.
S21:First summation operation is carried out to the pixel value sum of the block plaintext image, then using formula (5) and public affairs respectively
Formula (6) obtains the chaotic parameter S of the chaos system and iterationses c. of chaos system
S=
(a/j+b/k+sum/(a/j×b/k))/(a/j×a/j+b/k×b/k) (5)
S22：Parameter is substituted into into Kent chaos systems iteration c time to eliminate transient effect, from the c+1 time start recording, is given birth to
Into length for j × k chaos sequence lj×k={ l1,l2,l3…lj×k}。
S23：Sequence to generating carries out ascending order (descending) arrangement, generates a record ordering presequence in generic sequence position
The subscript labelled sequence put, is recorded as pj×k={ p1, p2, p3…pj×k}；
S24：Position scramble is carried out to the position of each piecemeal, its scramble rule is as followsTake this
Step causes each pixel position of plaintext to change by unit significance of block so that the dependency between adjacent block is deteriorated,
So as to prepare for location of pixels scramble in ensuing piece.
S3:The scramble of location of pixels
The dependency further destroyed between neighbor pixel by upsetting the home position of image pixel.With block as list
Each piece of interior pixels are clicked through line position scramble by position respectively, and concrete operations are as follows：
S31：To image to be encrypted in plain text according to (OK) preferential sequential scan is arranged, transforming into length is's
One-dimensional sequence
S32：With reference to the chaotic parameter S that S21 draws, an initial value x is arranged to chaos system1, by parameter S and initial value
x1In being updated to formula (1).Kent maps the c harmful effect to slacken transient effect of iteration.Following iteration againIt is secondary
Producing a length isChaos sequenceChaos sequence is entered with sort algorithm
Row order is arranged, so as to generate the sequence of a new position in former sequence H of each element recorded in generic sequence again
S33：Using sequence w come scramble plaintext image I, the interdependent rule of scramble isAfter scramble
Sequential recording is：
H '={ h 'i,h′i,h′i…h′a×b}
Again line shuffle is entered to each piecemeal according to same operation, wherein the initial value of chaos system is in x1On the basis of every time
Automatically Jia 0.00011, according to chaos system to this distinguishing feature of the sensitivity of initial value, to produce diverse chaos sequence
Row.
S4:The pixel value of image is replaced, and using logistic mappings chaos sequence is generated.
In order to reduce encryption expenses, the stage no longer will be replaced in units of block, but directly by after piecemeal scramble
Image be integrally replaced operation.
S5：The initial value x of setting chaos system2,x3, and systematic parameter λ.By x2,x3In being brought into formula 2 respectively, repeatedly
For 1000 times to eliminate transient effect, record is proceeded by from the 1001st time, generate two sequences M=of the length scale for a*b
{m1,m2,m3…ma*b, N={ n1,n2,n3…na*b}。
S51：Each sequential value in sequence M is substituted into into formula (5) to be converted, allows its codomain to control between [0,255], newly
The chaos sequence of generation is changed to T={ t1,t2,t3…ta*b}。
T=mod (mi×108,256)1≤i≤a×b (5)
S62：Sequential value in sequence N is carried out ascending order (descending) arrangement, record sequence after sequential value in original series
In subscript value, generate new sequence Y={ y1,y2,y3…ya×b}。
S53：Pixel value and sequence T are carried out into xor operation, the rule of its XOR is as follows：
Operation above is the overall process of whole encryption.
Experimental analysiss
Experimental situation
The test platform that this experiment is adopted for：
Intel (R) Core (TM) i5CPU dominant frequency 2.67GHz, inside saves as 4.0GB.
Win10 operating systems.
Picture adopts 256 × 256 gray scale Lena figure simulation software MATLAB 2015a.
Experiment content
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are original image and the image after encryption, and the image after encryption is fully and completely concealed in plain text, intuitively
On cannot obtain any with the information that is associated of plaintext.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the histogrammic distribution situations of image after original image and encryption, are found through contrast, before encryption
Pixel distribution it is uneven, greatly expose the distribution situation of image pixel, and take the figure after the algorithm for encryption of the present invention
The rectangular histogram of picture is presented and is uniformly distributed, the good Pixel Information for concealing original image.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the distribution situations of the pixel before and after encryption, it can easily be seen that the neighbor before encryption from figure
Dependency is stronger between point, and the pixel distribution after encryption is uniform, understands that the relative coefficient of pixel is very little by calculating.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are normal decryption and carry out the decrypted image after minor alteration to initial value.Can be with bright from experimental result
Even if aobvious find out that the change of initial key is extremely small, its impact to result is also thoroughly.Key after minor alteration without
Method obtains correct cleartext information, further demonstrates the reliability for resisting ciphertext only attack of the algorithm.Meanwhile, sufficiently large is close
Key space also ensure that the impossibility of exhaustive attack.
From experimental analysiss it will be seen that algorithm for encryption principle proposed by the present invention is simple, ciphering process is reversible, can
The ciphertext graph picture after decryption again is completely secured to be consistent with initial plaintext.Meanwhile, take this algorithm to carry out image encryption, no
The key that same plaintext is generated is different.This algorithm also meets the plaintext dependency of key so that picture transfer process can be resisted
Plaintext or cipher text is attacked.In addition, also having ensured that what the ciphertext after this algorithm for encryption can be good resists statistics between sufficiently large key
Analysis, act attack etc..It is encrypted using this algorithm and is enough to improve safety and key of the image during transmission on Internet
Sensitivity.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also considered as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. it is a kind of based on double chaos systems and the image encryption method of piecemeal, it is characterised in that including step
S1：Piecemeal is carried out to plaintext image, piecemeal quantity is determined according to the key that plaintext is produced；
S2：Obtain the chaotic parameter and iterationses of chaos system；
S3：The chaotic parameter and iterationses are substituted into into Kent chaotic maps and generate chaos sequence, sequence is carried out ascending order or
Descending is arranged, and respectively value produces labelled sequence in the subscript position of initiation sequence to record generic sequence, using labelled sequence to piecemeal
Image afterwards rearranges combination, so that picture position overall scramble in units of block；
S4：For each block of plaintext image, obtain the chaotic parameter and iterationses of chaos system and substitute into Kent chaotic maps
Chaos sequence is generated, ascending order or descending arrangement are carried out to chaos sequence, new subscript sequence is generated, using in subscript sequence pair block
Pixel carry out position scramble；
S5：Picture element matrix after the scramble of position is converted into into one-dimensional sequence, the nonlinear strength of logistic chaos systems is set
The initial value of parameter and two logistic chaos systems, two are generated using logistic chaotic maps by the one-dimensional sequence
The chaos sequence M and N consistent with number of pixels, is converted into sequence T of the codomain between [0,255], by chaos by chaos sequence M
Sequential value in sequence N carries out ascending order or descending arrangement, generates sequence Y of new labelling subscript position, is determined by sequence Y
Value in sequence T carries out XOR with the pixel value of each pixel, completes image encryption.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on double chaos systems and the image encryption method of piecemeal, it is characterised in that in step S1
If the size of plaintext image is a × b, plaintext image is divided into j × k blocks, wherein, the computing formula of piecemeal size is
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on double chaos systems and the image encryption method of piecemeal, it is characterised in that in step S2
The computing formula of chaotic parameter S is s=(a+b+sum/ (a*b))/(a*a+b*b), and the calculating of the iterationses c of chaos system is public
Formula is c=mod (a*a+b*b, a+b)+2a+b.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on double chaos systems and the image encryption method of piecemeal, it is characterised in that step S5 bag
Include step：
S51：By chaos sequence M={ m1,m2,m3…ma*bBe converted to sequence T={ t1,t2,t3…a*b, its conversion method is：T
=mod (mi×108,256)1≤i≤a×b；
S52：Ascending order or arrangement are carried out to the sequential value in chaos sequence N, record sequence after sequential value in original series
Subscript value, generates new sequence Y={ y1,y2,y3…ya×b}；
S53：By sequence Y to determine sequence T in the pixel value of value and each pixel carry out XOR, operational formula
ForWherein ii' for pixel new pixel value, iiFor pixel original pixel value.
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