CN106568681A - Precise measurement method for density of antimagnetic material - Google Patents

Precise measurement method for density of antimagnetic material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106568681A
CN106568681A CN201610415400.8A CN201610415400A CN106568681A CN 106568681 A CN106568681 A CN 106568681A CN 201610415400 A CN201610415400 A CN 201610415400A CN 106568681 A CN106568681 A CN 106568681A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
sample
density
medium solution
measurement method
solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201610415400.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106568681B (en
Inventor
赵朋
颉俊
张承谦
傅建中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang University ZJU
Original Assignee
Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang University ZJU filed Critical Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority to CN201610415400.8A priority Critical patent/CN106568681B/en
Publication of CN106568681A publication Critical patent/CN106568681A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106568681B publication Critical patent/CN106568681B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/10Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing bodies wholly or partially immersed in fluid materials
    • G01N9/12Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing bodies wholly or partially immersed in fluid materials by observing the depth of immersion of the bodies, e.g. hydrometers
    • G01N9/14Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing bodies wholly or partially immersed in fluid materials by observing the depth of immersion of the bodies, e.g. hydrometers the body being built into a container

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a precise measurement method for the density of an antimagnetic material. The precise measurement method comprises: (1) determining a medium solution according to a sample material; (2) placing the sample in the medium solution; (3) placing the medium solution in an electromagnetic levitation detection device, ie., placing between two square magnets, wherein the same magnetic poles of the two square magnets are oppositely placed, the sizes of the two square magnets are 50 mm*50 mm*25 mm, and the distance between the two square magnets is 60 mm; (4) measuring the floating height of the measured sample; and (5) calculating the sample density. Compared to the method in the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following advantages that the operation of the required device is simple, the cost is low, the measurement result is easy to observe, the measurement precision is high, and the automation is easily achieved.

Description

A kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method, and in particular to a kind of diamagnetic substance density it is accurate Measuring method.
Background technology
Density is one of most basic important physical feature of material, and the density of different material is general not Together.Meanwhile, different internal microstructure, material are formed in and macroscopically also can be embodied in density Change on.The measurement of density is respectively provided with important meaning in scientific research, production process and life. The law of buoyancy that Archimedes has found before 2200 is the most widely used method of Density Detection, its Deriving method includes:Infusion process, bottle method, method of drifting along, density gradient column method and densitometer Method.In recent years, gas differential pressure method, supercritical ultrasonics technology, perfect gas are gone out based on new technology development State Equation Method etc., for measuring the density of the material of different conditions, precision highest can reach 0.007g/cm3
Magnetic is also one of basic physical features that material has.Any material is equal in magnetic field Can be magnetized.According to the complementary field direction that magnetization is produced, material is divided into paramagnet and resists Magnetisable material.Wherein the complementary field of paramagnet is identical with excitation field direction, conversely, The complementary field that diamagnetic substance is produced is contrary with excitation field.Conjugate magnetic and A Ji The magnetic that Mead principle is proposed-Archimedes suspends makes floating condition of the object in magnetic field no longer severe Carve, more application can be obtained.
For Archimedes principle and its deriving method, its measurement to density is generally relatively inaccessible to The existing Density Detection method of degree of precision, to reach high-precision measurement, it usually needs make With expensive measuring apparatus.Also, the measuring method based on Archimedes principle is generally to little chi Very little sample sensitivity is not high, easily causes larger measure error.And color density measuring method Newer technical method is then applied to, measuring apparatus costly, and are operated and computational methods It is loaded down with trivial details, limitation is compared to the application development of the density measure of small sample.
The content of the invention
The present invention, based on magnetic suspension theory, is proposed for the problem of the method for existing measurement density A kind of accurate measurement method of the diamagnetic substance density based on magnetic-Archimedes principle.
The measurement apparatus of the inventive method mainly by two pieces of same sizes be 50mm × 50mm × 25mm, surface induction intensity is identical, and induction level is the square magnet of 0.425T Homopolarity is opposed to be constituted at a distance of 60mm.
The present invention be suitable for size it is less and for diamagnetism sample rate measurement.
The principle of the invention is based on magnetic A-base Mead principle.Specific implementation step is as follows:
1) suitable medium solution is configured.
2) sample is placed in solution.
3) solution is placed in magnetic suspension detection means.
4) sample hoverheight in the solution is measured.
5) sample rate is calculated.
The magnetic suspension detection method of above-mentioned density, its computing formula is as follows:
ρsm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3m
In formula, ρsWith ρmRespectively sample density and medium solution density (g/cm3), χm For medium solution magnetic susceptibility (dimensionless).
Preferably, during collocating medium solution, it is ensured that sample floats in the solution distance and is 10~50mm.
Preferably, medium solution is the paramagnetic medium aqueous solution, more preferably MnCl2 The aqueous solution.
Preferably, during collocating medium solution, medium solution density is slightly less than sample rate.
Preferably, before collocating medium solution, carrying out the density of medium solution and the mark of magnetic susceptibility It is fixed.
Preferably, the sample is not more than 5mm for full-size.Disclosure is particularly well suited to In the less sample rate measurement of size, accuracy of detection is higher.
Preferably, symmetrical structure centered on the sample.
Preferably, the sample is circular sample.
The magnetic suspension measuring method of above-mentioned density, should produce before detection according to product material estimation The density of product, while configuring corresponding medium solution.Solution magnetization rate is calculated if desired for accurate, Solution magnetization rate can be measured with Gu Aifa.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:The invention provides a kind of brand-new Detection material density method, required device is simple to operate, with low cost, measurement knot Fruit is easy to observation, and certainty of measurement is high, it is easy to accomplish automation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is magnetic levitation system schematic diagram of the present invention.
It is 0.425T to 50mm*50mm*25mm surface inductions intensity that Fig. 2 is the present invention Magnet, when distance is 60mm,Parallel to xOy plane, components in central cross-section Calculate cloud atlas.
Fig. 3 is fitting result of the present invention to standard density ball experimental result.
Specific embodiment
To be more clearly understood the present invention, below according to the instantiation and accompanying drawing of the present invention, The present invention is further detailed.
As shown in figure 1, be the magnetic levitation system schematic diagram of the present invention, including magnet 1, magnet 4, medium solution 2, sample 3, medium solution container 5.Container 5 require it is transparent be easy to measurement Inner sample height.Distance is d between magnet 1, magnet 4.Sample 3 is in the solution Hoverheight is Z.
Magnet 1, magnet 4 are the square magnet of 50mm*50mm*25mm, center surface The magnet of magnetic induction intensity 0.425T, apart from the opposed composition of 60mm homopolarities.
Wherein, measuring method is as follows:
A kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density, including:
(1) sample rate is estimated according to specimen material.
The medium solution of configuration suitable concn, it is ensured that sample can float exceed in the solution 10mm。
Before the experiment, the density of medium solution and magnetic susceptibility can be demarcated, during demarcation, Configuration concentration is the solution of per liter of integer mole, then enters the demarcation of line density and magnetic susceptibility, joins It is shown in Table 1.
During collocating medium solution, in suitable scope, it is close that medium solution density is slightly less than sample Degree.
(2) sample is placed in medium solution.
(3) medium solution is placed in magnetic suspension detection means, that is, is placed in magnet 1, magnet 4 Between.
(4) height that sample floats is measured.
(5) sample rate is calculated.
Using this method, to PV (vulcanized rubber) raw material, (full-size about 5mm's is cylindric Particle) density measure is carried out, the medium solution of selection is the MnCl of 2.5mol/L2Solution, no With concentration MnCl2Density and magnetic susceptibility corresponding to solution is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 is variable concentrations MnCl2Density and magnetic susceptibility corresponding to solution.
Concentration (mol/L) Density (g/cm3) Magnetic susceptibility
1 1.099 1.774×10-4
1.5 1.148 2.771×10-4
2 1.196 3.724×10-4
2.5 1.244 4.650×10-4
3 1.292 5.438×10-4
Sample behind alcohol washes surface, in being placed in manganese chloride solution, in putting device into.It is quiet Put 10 minutes, treat that sample position is stablized, with milimeter scale hoverheight is measured.Altitude reading is 35.6mm, is 1.218g/cm3 through calculating the density that can obtain sample.
The magnetic suspension detection method of above-mentioned density, its computing formula is as follows:
ρsm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3m
The magnetic suspension detection method of above-mentioned density, its principle is as follows:
In magnetic field, the complementary field of generation is identical with magnetic field, material for paramagnet By the gravitation in magnetic field;Conversely, diamagnetic substance can be subject to the repulsion in magnetic field:
In formula, χ is material magnetic susceptibility, and paramagnet magnetic susceptibility is on the occasion of diamagnetic substance Magnetic susceptibility is negative;μ0=4 π × 10-7N/A2For space permeability;V is material body in magnetic field Product (m3);For the magnetic induction intensity (T) in material position magnetic field;For vector gradient calculation Son.
When there is paramagnetic medium solution in magnetic field, magnetic field produces gravitation to medium solution, therefore An additional buoyancy produced by magnetic field can be produced to the material being immersed:
Diamagnetism sample can be subject to gravity, buoyancy and magnetic force three in paramagnetism solution The comprehensive function of individual power.When three dynamic balances, sample suspension suspension reaches stable state:
In formula,For gravity,For buoyancy,For the active force that magnetic field produces to sample:
From above-mentioned several formulas, if samples remained stable suspends,In x-axis and y-axis Component is necessary for 0.When sample can keep stable suspersion, can arrange and obtain:
Generally, material magnetic susceptibility several orders of magnitude numerically little than medium solution are suspended, can To ignore:
When given magnetic field and medium solution magnetic susceptibility, hoverheight z of sample only with sample copy Body density is related.By above formula, sample rate can be calculated according to sample hoverheight.
For set forth herein device for detecting density, in two pieces of magnet zone lines, sample can quilt Shift onto on two magnetic blow out centre lines, therefore, when material can suspend in autocracy to get up, its Stable suspersion can be reached on two magnetic blow out centre lines.
Due toComputing formula complexity it is loaded down with trivial details, therefore by intending experimental result Close, draw the approximate formula of density.Experiment selection standard density ball is 2.0mol/L's MnCl2In carry out one group of experiment, standard density ball selects 1.07~1.30g/cm3, at intervals of 0.01g/cm324 samples suspended in measurement apparatus, record hoverheight, such as table 2。
Table 2
Standard density ball density (g/cm3) Hoverheight (mm)
1.07 51.3
1.08 50.2
1.09 49.2
1.1 48.2
1.11 46.9
1.12 45.7
1.13 44.3
1.14 42.6
1.15 41
1.16 39.3
1.17 36.9
1.18 34.3
1.19 31.1
1.2 28.1
1.21 25.2
1.22 22.9
1.23 20.5
1.24 18.7
1.25 17
1.26 15.4
1.27 14.1
1.28 12.7
1.29 11.5
1.3 10.4
By the fitting to these experimental results, the MnCl in 2.0mol/L can be obtained2It is situated between In matter solution, the computing formula of density is:
ρs=1.4428-0.01828z2+5.00887×10-4z2-5.59201×10-6z3
Fitting result has very high degree of fitting, curve R with experimental result2=0.99991.
With reference to the MnCl of 2.0mol/L2The density and magnetic susceptibility of solution, can derive this The density computing formula under the conditions of any medium solution of bright square law device is:
ρsm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3m
The accurate measurement method of above-mentioned diamagnetic substance density, should before detection according to product material The density of material estimation product, while configuring corresponding medium solution.Solution is calculated if desired for accurate Magnetic susceptibility, can measure solution magnetization rate with Gu Aifa.
An application example of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to being suitable for sample scope Restriction.The material of present invention measurement can be applied, there is no need to exhaustive one by one, it is all Within spirit of the invention and principle, any modification made, equivalent, improve etc., all should It is included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) medium solution is determined according to specimen material;
(2) sample is placed in medium solution;
(3) medium solution is placed in magnetic suspension detection means, that is, is placed in the middle of two opposed square magnets of homopolarity;The size of two square magnets is 50mm*50mm*25mm, mutual distance 60mm;
(4) height that sample floats is measured;
(5) sample rate is calculated;
Wherein:
ρsm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3m
ρsFor sample density, g/cm3;ρmFor medium solution density, g/cm3;χmFor medium solution magnetic susceptibility.
2. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that centered on two square magnets surface induction intensity for 0.425T magnet.
3. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during collocating medium solution, it is ensured that sample in the solution hoverheight between 10~50mm.
4. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that medium solution is the paramagnetic medium aqueous solution.
5. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during collocating medium solution, medium solution density is slightly less than sample rate.
6. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before collocating medium solution, carry out the density of medium solution and the demarcation of magnetic susceptibility.
7. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sample is not more than 5mm for full-size.
8. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that symmetrical structure centered on the sample.
9. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the sample is circular sample.
CN201610415400.8A 2016-06-14 2016-06-14 A kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density Active CN106568681B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610415400.8A CN106568681B (en) 2016-06-14 2016-06-14 A kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610415400.8A CN106568681B (en) 2016-06-14 2016-06-14 A kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106568681A true CN106568681A (en) 2017-04-19
CN106568681B CN106568681B (en) 2019-06-11

Family

ID=58532115

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610415400.8A Active CN106568681B (en) 2016-06-14 2016-06-14 A kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106568681B (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107478543A (en) * 2017-07-08 2017-12-15 上海交通大学 Centrifugal density measuring equipment and method based on diamagnetic suspension theory
CN108120660A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-06-05 浙江大学 A kind of magnetic method of operating based on magnetic Archimedes
CN108872007A (en) * 2017-05-15 2018-11-23 浙江大学 A kind of double block annular magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detection density
CN109916771A (en) * 2019-03-18 2019-06-21 北京工业大学 A kind of calibration of powder-type 3D printer powder bed density and measuring device
CN110376274A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-10-25 浙江大学 A kind of magnetic suspension detection method and device of the shrinkage cavity defect of aluminum alloy part
CN111426599A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-17 上海交通大学 Dynamic diamagnetic suspension multi-dimensional density measuring device and method
CN113203657A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-08-03 浙江大学 Large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on magnet array

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1387033A (en) * 2002-06-07 2002-12-25 大连大学 Instrument for measuring variation of apparent density of magnetofluid with magnetic field
CN102680356A (en) * 2012-05-25 2012-09-19 东北大学 Density measuring device and method based on electromagnetic suspension
CN102901690A (en) * 2012-10-24 2013-01-30 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 High-pressure multiphase fluid density measuring device and measuring and calculating method thereof
US20130133419A1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2013-05-30 George M. Whitesides Magnetic levitation for forensics analysis
CN203083902U (en) * 2013-01-14 2013-07-24 宁波大学 Magnetic force suspension density tester
US20150135829A1 (en) * 2012-06-14 2015-05-21 Presidents And Fellows Of Harvard College Levitation of Materials in Paramagnetic Ionic Liquids
CN105548343A (en) * 2015-12-10 2016-05-04 浙江大学 Magnetic suspension-based detection apparatus and detection method for defects of parts

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1387033A (en) * 2002-06-07 2002-12-25 大连大学 Instrument for measuring variation of apparent density of magnetofluid with magnetic field
US20130133419A1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2013-05-30 George M. Whitesides Magnetic levitation for forensics analysis
CN102680356A (en) * 2012-05-25 2012-09-19 东北大学 Density measuring device and method based on electromagnetic suspension
US20150135829A1 (en) * 2012-06-14 2015-05-21 Presidents And Fellows Of Harvard College Levitation of Materials in Paramagnetic Ionic Liquids
CN102901690A (en) * 2012-10-24 2013-01-30 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 High-pressure multiphase fluid density measuring device and measuring and calculating method thereof
CN203083902U (en) * 2013-01-14 2013-07-24 宁波大学 Magnetic force suspension density tester
CN105548343A (en) * 2015-12-10 2016-05-04 浙江大学 Magnetic suspension-based detection apparatus and detection method for defects of parts

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALEX NEMIROSKI等: "High-Sensitivity Measurement of Density by Magnetic Levitation", 《ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY》 *
ALEX NEMIROSKI等: "Tilted Magnetic Levitation Enables Measurement of the Complete Range of Densities of Materials with Low Magnetic Permeability", 《JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY》 *
KATHERINE A. MIRICA等: "Measuring Densities of Solids and Liquids Using Magnetic Levitation: Fundamentals", 《J. AM. CHEM. SOC.》 *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108872007A (en) * 2017-05-15 2018-11-23 浙江大学 A kind of double block annular magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detection density
CN108872007B (en) * 2017-05-15 2020-11-03 浙江大学 Double-block ring magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detecting density
CN107478543A (en) * 2017-07-08 2017-12-15 上海交通大学 Centrifugal density measuring equipment and method based on diamagnetic suspension theory
CN107478543B (en) * 2017-07-08 2019-07-05 上海交通大学 Centrifugal density measuring equipment and method based on diamagnetic suspension theory
CN108120660A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-06-05 浙江大学 A kind of magnetic method of operating based on magnetic Archimedes
CN108120660B (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-09-24 浙江大学 A kind of magnetic method of operating based on magnetic Archimedes
CN109916771A (en) * 2019-03-18 2019-06-21 北京工业大学 A kind of calibration of powder-type 3D printer powder bed density and measuring device
CN109916771B (en) * 2019-03-18 2021-11-05 北京工业大学 Powder bed density calibration and measurement device for powder type 3D printer
CN110376274A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-10-25 浙江大学 A kind of magnetic suspension detection method and device of the shrinkage cavity defect of aluminum alloy part
CN111426599A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-17 上海交通大学 Dynamic diamagnetic suspension multi-dimensional density measuring device and method
CN111426599B (en) * 2020-04-20 2021-07-30 上海交通大学 Dynamic diamagnetic suspension multi-dimensional density measuring device and method
CN113203657A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-08-03 浙江大学 Large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on magnet array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106568681B (en) 2019-06-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106568681A (en) Precise measurement method for density of antimagnetic material
CN106568677B (en) One kind being based on magnetic Archimedes principle density measuring method
CN106568680B (en) Magnetic suspension detection method for detection density
CN102680356A (en) Density measuring device and method based on electromagnetic suspension
CN108872007B (en) Double-block ring magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detecting density
CN202649073U (en) Density measurement device based on electromagnetic levitation
CN202710481U (en) Device for identifying and measuring air bubble in high-concentration dispersed multiphase flow
CN105548343A (en) Magnetic suspension-based detection apparatus and detection method for defects of parts
CN107677567A (en) Magnetic floating density separation measurement method based on general diamagnetism of substances
CN104049236B (en) A kind of based on the linear orientation method with fixing dipole moment labelling magnetic source
Torres-Cruz et al. A review on future prospects on magnetic levitation for disease diagnosis
CN103045713B (en) Method for detecting trace amounts of microbes in a liquid sample containing multiple impurities
CN111189745B (en) Magnetic suspension density detection method based on annular suspension
Hirota et al. Magnetic field effect on the kinetics of oxygen dissolution into water
CN106569157B (en) It is a kind of for detecting the magnetic suspension detection device and detection method of magnetic susceptibility
CN108120660B (en) A kind of magnetic method of operating based on magnetic Archimedes
Jia et al. Single-electromagnet levitation for density measurement and defect detection
CN107525736B (en) A kind of single-block annular magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detection density
CN110376274A (en) A kind of magnetic suspension detection method and device of the shrinkage cavity defect of aluminum alloy part
CN107560975A (en) A kind of horizontal direction magnetic suspension detection method for detection density
US3934192A (en) Method of detection of ions in solution that are susceptible to an applied force field and apparatus therefor
CN204101408U (en) Suction type measures the device of object density
CN106568683A (en) Magnetic suspension detection method for crystallinity
CN104237068A (en) Negative pressure type device for measuring density of object
Hershberger et al. Scalable magnetic designs to achieve comparable capture rates and capture efficiency across multiple vessel diameters

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant