CN106568681A - Precise measurement method for density of antimagnetic material - Google Patents
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- CN106568681A CN106568681A CN201610415400.8A CN201610415400A CN106568681A CN 106568681 A CN106568681 A CN 106568681A CN 201610415400 A CN201610415400 A CN 201610415400A CN 106568681 A CN106568681 A CN 106568681A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/10—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing bodies wholly or partially immersed in fluid materials
- G01N9/12—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing bodies wholly or partially immersed in fluid materials by observing the depth of immersion of the bodies, e.g. hydrometers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a precise measurement method for the density of an antimagnetic material. The precise measurement method comprises: (1) determining a medium solution according to a sample material; (2) placing the sample in the medium solution; (3) placing the medium solution in an electromagnetic levitation detection device, ie., placing between two square magnets, wherein the same magnetic poles of the two square magnets are oppositely placed, the sizes of the two square magnets are 50 mm*50 mm*25 mm, and the distance between the two square magnets is 60 mm; (4) measuring the floating height of the measured sample; and (5) calculating the sample density. Compared to the method in the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following advantages that the operation of the required device is simple, the cost is low, the measurement result is easy to observe, the measurement precision is high, and the automation is easily achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method, and in particular to a kind of diamagnetic substance density it is accurate
Measuring method.
Background technology
Density is one of most basic important physical feature of material, and the density of different material is general not
Together.Meanwhile, different internal microstructure, material are formed in and macroscopically also can be embodied in density
Change on.The measurement of density is respectively provided with important meaning in scientific research, production process and life.
The law of buoyancy that Archimedes has found before 2200 is the most widely used method of Density Detection, its
Deriving method includes:Infusion process, bottle method, method of drifting along, density gradient column method and densitometer
Method.In recent years, gas differential pressure method, supercritical ultrasonics technology, perfect gas are gone out based on new technology development
State Equation Method etc., for measuring the density of the material of different conditions, precision highest can reach
0.007g/cm3。
Magnetic is also one of basic physical features that material has.Any material is equal in magnetic field
Can be magnetized.According to the complementary field direction that magnetization is produced, material is divided into paramagnet and resists
Magnetisable material.Wherein the complementary field of paramagnet is identical with excitation field direction, conversely,
The complementary field that diamagnetic substance is produced is contrary with excitation field.Conjugate magnetic and A Ji
The magnetic that Mead principle is proposed-Archimedes suspends makes floating condition of the object in magnetic field no longer severe
Carve, more application can be obtained.
For Archimedes principle and its deriving method, its measurement to density is generally relatively inaccessible to
The existing Density Detection method of degree of precision, to reach high-precision measurement, it usually needs make
With expensive measuring apparatus.Also, the measuring method based on Archimedes principle is generally to little chi
Very little sample sensitivity is not high, easily causes larger measure error.And color density measuring method
Newer technical method is then applied to, measuring apparatus costly, and are operated and computational methods
It is loaded down with trivial details, limitation is compared to the application development of the density measure of small sample.
The content of the invention
The present invention, based on magnetic suspension theory, is proposed for the problem of the method for existing measurement density
A kind of accurate measurement method of the diamagnetic substance density based on magnetic-Archimedes principle.
The measurement apparatus of the inventive method mainly by two pieces of same sizes be 50mm × 50mm ×
25mm, surface induction intensity is identical, and induction level is the square magnet of 0.425T
Homopolarity is opposed to be constituted at a distance of 60mm.
The present invention be suitable for size it is less and for diamagnetism sample rate measurement.
The principle of the invention is based on magnetic A-base Mead principle.Specific implementation step is as follows:
1) suitable medium solution is configured.
2) sample is placed in solution.
3) solution is placed in magnetic suspension detection means.
4) sample hoverheight in the solution is measured.
5) sample rate is calculated.
The magnetic suspension detection method of above-mentioned density, its computing formula is as follows:
ρs=ρm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3)χm
In formula, ρsWith ρmRespectively sample density and medium solution density (g/cm3), χm
For medium solution magnetic susceptibility (dimensionless).
Preferably, during collocating medium solution, it is ensured that sample floats in the solution distance and is
10~50mm.
Preferably, medium solution is the paramagnetic medium aqueous solution, more preferably MnCl2
The aqueous solution.
Preferably, during collocating medium solution, medium solution density is slightly less than sample rate.
Preferably, before collocating medium solution, carrying out the density of medium solution and the mark of magnetic susceptibility
It is fixed.
Preferably, the sample is not more than 5mm for full-size.Disclosure is particularly well suited to
In the less sample rate measurement of size, accuracy of detection is higher.
Preferably, symmetrical structure centered on the sample.
Preferably, the sample is circular sample.
The magnetic suspension measuring method of above-mentioned density, should produce before detection according to product material estimation
The density of product, while configuring corresponding medium solution.Solution magnetization rate is calculated if desired for accurate,
Solution magnetization rate can be measured with Gu Aifa.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:The invention provides a kind of brand-new
Detection material density method, required device is simple to operate, with low cost, measurement knot
Fruit is easy to observation, and certainty of measurement is high, it is easy to accomplish automation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is magnetic levitation system schematic diagram of the present invention.
It is 0.425T to 50mm*50mm*25mm surface inductions intensity that Fig. 2 is the present invention
Magnet, when distance is 60mm,Parallel to xOy plane, components in central cross-section
Calculate cloud atlas.
Fig. 3 is fitting result of the present invention to standard density ball experimental result.
Specific embodiment
To be more clearly understood the present invention, below according to the instantiation and accompanying drawing of the present invention,
The present invention is further detailed.
As shown in figure 1, be the magnetic levitation system schematic diagram of the present invention, including magnet 1, magnet
4, medium solution 2, sample 3, medium solution container 5.Container 5 require it is transparent be easy to measurement
Inner sample height.Distance is d between magnet 1, magnet 4.Sample 3 is in the solution
Hoverheight is Z.
Magnet 1, magnet 4 are the square magnet of 50mm*50mm*25mm, center surface
The magnet of magnetic induction intensity 0.425T, apart from the opposed composition of 60mm homopolarities.
Wherein, measuring method is as follows:
A kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density, including:
(1) sample rate is estimated according to specimen material.
The medium solution of configuration suitable concn, it is ensured that sample can float exceed in the solution
10mm。
Before the experiment, the density of medium solution and magnetic susceptibility can be demarcated, during demarcation,
Configuration concentration is the solution of per liter of integer mole, then enters the demarcation of line density and magnetic susceptibility, joins
It is shown in Table 1.
During collocating medium solution, in suitable scope, it is close that medium solution density is slightly less than sample
Degree.
(2) sample is placed in medium solution.
(3) medium solution is placed in magnetic suspension detection means, that is, is placed in magnet 1, magnet 4
Between.
(4) height that sample floats is measured.
(5) sample rate is calculated.
Using this method, to PV (vulcanized rubber) raw material, (full-size about 5mm's is cylindric
Particle) density measure is carried out, the medium solution of selection is the MnCl of 2.5mol/L2Solution, no
With concentration MnCl2Density and magnetic susceptibility corresponding to solution is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 is variable concentrations MnCl2Density and magnetic susceptibility corresponding to solution.
Concentration (mol/L) | Density (g/cm3) | Magnetic susceptibility |
1 | 1.099 | 1.774×10-4 |
1.5 | 1.148 | 2.771×10-4 |
2 | 1.196 | 3.724×10-4 |
2.5 | 1.244 | 4.650×10-4 |
3 | 1.292 | 5.438×10-4 |
Sample behind alcohol washes surface, in being placed in manganese chloride solution, in putting device into.It is quiet
Put 10 minutes, treat that sample position is stablized, with milimeter scale hoverheight is measured.Altitude reading is
35.6mm, is 1.218g/cm3 through calculating the density that can obtain sample.
The magnetic suspension detection method of above-mentioned density, its computing formula is as follows:
ρs=ρm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3)χm
The magnetic suspension detection method of above-mentioned density, its principle is as follows:
In magnetic field, the complementary field of generation is identical with magnetic field, material for paramagnet
By the gravitation in magnetic field;Conversely, diamagnetic substance can be subject to the repulsion in magnetic field:
In formula, χ is material magnetic susceptibility, and paramagnet magnetic susceptibility is on the occasion of diamagnetic substance
Magnetic susceptibility is negative;μ0=4 π × 10-7N/A2For space permeability;V is material body in magnetic field
Product (m3);For the magnetic induction intensity (T) in material position magnetic field;For vector gradient calculation
Son.
When there is paramagnetic medium solution in magnetic field, magnetic field produces gravitation to medium solution, therefore
An additional buoyancy produced by magnetic field can be produced to the material being immersed:
Diamagnetism sample can be subject to gravity, buoyancy and magnetic force three in paramagnetism solution
The comprehensive function of individual power.When three dynamic balances, sample suspension suspension reaches stable state:
In formula,For gravity,For buoyancy,For the active force that magnetic field produces to sample:
From above-mentioned several formulas, if samples remained stable suspends,In x-axis and y-axis
Component is necessary for 0.When sample can keep stable suspersion, can arrange and obtain:
Generally, material magnetic susceptibility several orders of magnitude numerically little than medium solution are suspended, can
To ignore:
When given magnetic field and medium solution magnetic susceptibility, hoverheight z of sample only with sample copy
Body density is related.By above formula, sample rate can be calculated according to sample hoverheight.
For set forth herein device for detecting density, in two pieces of magnet zone lines, sample can quilt
Shift onto on two magnetic blow out centre lines, therefore, when material can suspend in autocracy to get up, its
Stable suspersion can be reached on two magnetic blow out centre lines.
Due toComputing formula complexity it is loaded down with trivial details, therefore by intending experimental result
Close, draw the approximate formula of density.Experiment selection standard density ball is 2.0mol/L's
MnCl2In carry out one group of experiment, standard density ball selects 1.07~1.30g/cm3, at intervals of
0.01g/cm324 samples suspended in measurement apparatus, record hoverheight, such as table
2。
Table 2
Standard density ball density (g/cm3) | Hoverheight (mm) |
1.07 | 51.3 |
1.08 | 50.2 |
1.09 | 49.2 |
1.1 | 48.2 |
1.11 | 46.9 |
1.12 | 45.7 |
1.13 | 44.3 |
1.14 | 42.6 |
1.15 | 41 |
1.16 | 39.3 |
1.17 | 36.9 |
1.18 | 34.3 |
1.19 | 31.1 |
1.2 | 28.1 |
1.21 | 25.2 |
1.22 | 22.9 |
1.23 | 20.5 |
1.24 | 18.7 |
1.25 | 17 |
1.26 | 15.4 |
1.27 | 14.1 |
1.28 | 12.7 |
1.29 | 11.5 |
1.3 | 10.4 |
By the fitting to these experimental results, the MnCl in 2.0mol/L can be obtained2It is situated between
In matter solution, the computing formula of density is:
ρs=1.4428-0.01828z2+5.00887×10-4z2-5.59201×10-6z3
Fitting result has very high degree of fitting, curve R with experimental result2=0.99991.
With reference to the MnCl of 2.0mol/L2The density and magnetic susceptibility of solution, can derive this
The density computing formula under the conditions of any medium solution of bright square law device is:
ρs=ρm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3)χm
The accurate measurement method of above-mentioned diamagnetic substance density, should before detection according to product material
The density of material estimation product, while configuring corresponding medium solution.Solution is calculated if desired for accurate
Magnetic susceptibility, can measure solution magnetization rate with Gu Aifa.
An application example of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to being suitable for sample scope
Restriction.The material of present invention measurement can be applied, there is no need to exhaustive one by one, it is all
Within spirit of the invention and principle, any modification made, equivalent, improve etc., all should
It is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) medium solution is determined according to specimen material;
(2) sample is placed in medium solution;
(3) medium solution is placed in magnetic suspension detection means, that is, is placed in the middle of two opposed square magnets of homopolarity;The size of two square magnets is 50mm*50mm*25mm, mutual distance 60mm;
(4) height that sample floats is measured;
(5) sample rate is calculated;
Wherein:
ρs=ρm-(660.739-48.232x+1.322x2-1.475×10-2x3)χm。
ρsFor sample density, g/cm3;ρmFor medium solution density, g/cm3;χmFor medium solution magnetic susceptibility.
2. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that centered on two square magnets surface induction intensity for 0.425T magnet.
3. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during collocating medium solution, it is ensured that sample in the solution hoverheight between 10~50mm.
4. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that medium solution is the paramagnetic medium aqueous solution.
5. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during collocating medium solution, medium solution density is slightly less than sample rate.
6. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before collocating medium solution, carry out the density of medium solution and the demarcation of magnetic susceptibility.
7. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sample is not more than 5mm for full-size.
8. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 1, it is characterised in that symmetrical structure centered on the sample.
9. the accurate measurement method of diamagnetic substance density according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the sample is circular sample.
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Cited By (7)
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CN107478543A (en) * | 2017-07-08 | 2017-12-15 | 上海交通大学 | Centrifugal density measuring equipment and method based on diamagnetic suspension theory |
CN108120660A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-05 | 浙江大学 | A kind of magnetic method of operating based on magnetic Archimedes |
CN108872007A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江大学 | A kind of double block annular magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detection density |
CN109916771A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-21 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of calibration of powder-type 3D printer powder bed density and measuring device |
CN110376274A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-10-25 | 浙江大学 | A kind of magnetic suspension detection method and device of the shrinkage cavity defect of aluminum alloy part |
CN111426599A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-17 | 上海交通大学 | Dynamic diamagnetic suspension multi-dimensional density measuring device and method |
CN113203657A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-03 | 浙江大学 | Large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on magnet array |
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CN108872007A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江大学 | A kind of double block annular magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detection density |
CN108872007B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-11-03 | 浙江大学 | Double-block ring magnet magnetic suspension detection method for detecting density |
CN107478543A (en) * | 2017-07-08 | 2017-12-15 | 上海交通大学 | Centrifugal density measuring equipment and method based on diamagnetic suspension theory |
CN107478543B (en) * | 2017-07-08 | 2019-07-05 | 上海交通大学 | Centrifugal density measuring equipment and method based on diamagnetic suspension theory |
CN108120660A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-05 | 浙江大学 | A kind of magnetic method of operating based on magnetic Archimedes |
CN108120660B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-09-24 | 浙江大学 | A kind of magnetic method of operating based on magnetic Archimedes |
CN109916771A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-21 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of calibration of powder-type 3D printer powder bed density and measuring device |
CN109916771B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-11-05 | 北京工业大学 | Powder bed density calibration and measurement device for powder type 3D printer |
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CN111426599A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-17 | 上海交通大学 | Dynamic diamagnetic suspension multi-dimensional density measuring device and method |
CN111426599B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-07-30 | 上海交通大学 | Dynamic diamagnetic suspension multi-dimensional density measuring device and method |
CN113203657A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-03 | 浙江大学 | Large magnetic suspension detection method and device based on magnet array |
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