CN1065667C - 扣式电池 - Google Patents

扣式电池 Download PDF

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CN1065667C
CN1065667C CN94102064A CN94102064A CN1065667C CN 1065667 C CN1065667 C CN 1065667C CN 94102064 A CN94102064 A CN 94102064A CN 94102064 A CN94102064 A CN 94102064A CN 1065667 C CN1065667 C CN 1065667C
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H·F·格雷泽
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VARTA Batterie AG
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Abstract

一种扣式电池(12)，不采用传统的封装在镍丝织品中的圆形金属粉压制成的电极，而是在扁平筒形外壳中装设了方形或六角形电极(13，13′)，这些电极可由连续制取的轧制带切割成，上面覆有金属丝网，从而大大减少下脚料。金属丝网覆盖层(20)在电极装上去时面对着杯形外壳(16)或盖17。各电极边缘与电池圆形的内边缘之间形成的自由空间可作为电解质聚集的空间，对消除气体有好处。

Description

扣式电池
本发明涉及一种扣式电池，电池的扁平筒形气密性的外壳中装有一上一下配置的超码一个正极和一个负电极，两电极之间有隔片，外壳中还装有电解质。
扣式电池通常有一个杯形外壳和一个盖，两者都是由镀镍的深冲压钢条冲压制成的。通常，杯形外壳是经过阳极化处理，盖是经过阴极化处理的。制成这种形式，它们就可以充以各种不同的电化学体系。采用可以再充电的Ni／cd体系的扣式电池目前极为普遍。近来，含金属氧化物／金属氢化物体系的扣式电池，特别是镍／氢化镍电池，日益取得重要的地位。
许多传统的扣式电池，超码其阳性电极，而在碱性Ni／cd体系的情况下其阴性电池，都是粉料压制成的圆片的片状电极，封装在细目纯镍丝网中。
两电极之间配置有塑料垫构成的细孔隔片。负电极的背面有一个波形的接触弹簧压在电极片上，从而使各电极与外壳之间形成均匀的接触电阻。
电池是通过将杯形外壳的边缘卷到盖的边缘上封装起来的。在这种配置方式中，采用塑料环作为密封环和杯形外壳与盖之间的绝缘环。
用粉料压制扣式电池电极，劳动强度大，而且不适合进行主要取决于自动操作程度的高效生产过程。首先，称量一定量的粉料将其压制成片，接着将料片放入一个小篮中，小篮由镍丝织品构成，上面盖有由同样的织品材料制成的小片，再用伸出料片外的边缘小盖片包住，然后用冲头再冲压这个电极。
由于各工序的操作顺序不是连续的，因此这种方法不仅费时，而且由于花在镍丝织品上的开支基本上超过增强电极和汇集所需要的费用，因而造价也是不低的。
因此，本发明的目的是给一般类型的扣式电池提供一种在电气性能上不亚于例如料片压制品而在制造方法上更为经济、可能的话采用自动化的电极。
按照本发明，上述目的是通过电极不是制成圆形而是制成方形或六角形的一中扣式电池达到的。这些新型的电极具有这样一个特别的好处，即它们不是用一般压制粉料圆片的方法而是用更简单的方法从本身就是呈成品形式的轧制电极带制取的。然而，即使与同样也可从带材制取的圆电极相比较，本发明的多角形电极也具有充分利用带材实际上没有切片下脚料的优点。
轧制带材连续的生产过程不难结合到扣式电池的自动生产流程中。
下面参照一些附图详细地说明本发明的内容。
图1示出了本发明电极制造方法的示意图。
图2示出了方形六角形电极在轧制带材上下料的实际情况。
图3示出了电极呈方形的扣式电池。
图4示出了电极呈六角形的扣式电池。
按照图1，粉料从原料槽1经馈料斗2馈送到轧机机架的轧辊对或滚辊3中压实成轧制带材。与此同时，存放在卷盘4上也可用镍拉延金属或镀镍的铁拉延金属代替的镍丝织带5由滚辊在导辊6上拉拔，并与粉料一起轧制入滚辊中。
经轧制的带条7(其一面经过补强处理)，通过另一对导辊8，再通过切辊9之间，由切辊9分离成宽度合乎要求的网带，然后在冲压设备10中将网带冲压成一个个方形或六角形的电极。
图2a示出了轧带11下料成方形电极(例如边长5．8毫米、面积33．6平方毫米)的可能方案，图2b示出了下料成六角形电极(例如边长为4．1毫米、面积为43．6平方毫米)的情况。
方形下料时，实际上没有下脚料。六角形下料时，由于边缘部分不能用，有4．6％小量的下脚料。
因此，按照本发明的形状可由轧制带切成或冲压成的电极在省料方面特别有利。
另一方面，如果将轧制带下料成一个个与图2b的六角形同大小的圆形，情况就没有那么好了。这时的下脚料理论上为11％，实际上由于工具的原因这个损耗还要高。
图3和图4分别示出了电极呈方形(13，13＇)和电极呈六角形(15，15＇)的扣式电池12的示意图，各图中都画出了杯形外壳内部的横向剖视图和平面图。
正负电极用织物隔片19分隔开，装在由杯形外壳16和盖17组成的壳体中，壳体中还装有密封环18，通常安装得使金属网或压延金属片朝外，即面向壳体各部分。为产生必要的压实作用，负电极13＇还有一个接触弹簧21。
在杯形外壳底部的平面图中，不难看到，在两者的情况下正电极分别呈方形或六角形，内切在圆形的密封环内。
本发明的扣式电池最好采用可充电的Ni／cd和Ni／金属氢化物(Ni／MH)体系。
在这种情况下，这种电池不仅配备有碱性电解质，而且还配备有氢氧化镍正电极和镉负电极或由能储存氢气的合金制成一负电极。
实践证明，电池圆形的密封件与多角形电极之间的空隙对解决所谓电解质受挤压的问题(合上Ni／MH扣式电池时过量的电解质因电极受压而挤出来，从而可能漏出来的问题)非常有效，因为这些空隙给挤出来的电解质提供了自由空间。如果采用圆形电极，则只有在正电极下方安置一个压延金属衬垫才能做到这一点。
这种新型的电极在装配之前用碱溶液进行处理时并不影响其机械性能，即机械性能稳定。用碱溶液进行处理是实际作业中的一个标准工序，即用热的碱溶液对负电极的镉材料进行脱碳，先是使其作为碳酸镉沉淀下来以提高其可过滤性，即使其再沉淀，形成cd(OH)2。我们发现，经压延的电极在脱碳过程中其边缘不断裂。
为提高除气作用，最好令本发明经轧制的负电极条与对氧的还原起催化作用的催化剂连接触。这类催化剂的例子有：活性碳导电碳黑和疏水性粘合剂组合料。在电极的制造过程中，这个混合物可以在金属网或作为载送用带的压延金属与采料一起进入压延机之前轧入金属网或压延金属中，也可以在以后轧入本身呈成品形式的轧制电极条上。令这一层与主电极直接通电接触，就可以使这一层起辅助电极的作用，这个辅助电极实质上不极化的表面就是较理想的除氧点。
本发明的范围还包括在扣式电池的壳壁中设一个安全阀的方案，该安全阀作为薄弱环节在壳内压力极高时在预定的爆裂点下爆裂，从而防止电池鼓起。这种薄弱环节最好是杯形外壳底部的一个槽形凹口，而且呈极性符号(小号)或分司标志的形式。
本发明的电极使扣式电池在容量方面至少与形状和大小相当但采用装设在造价高的金属丝网篮封壳中的传统的现行扣式电池相等。然而，由于金属丝网采用了更好的材料，因而新电极的造价节约了50％之多。
实验进一步证明，本发明的方形或六角形电极也满足了装有圆形轧制带电极的扣式电池在容量方面规定的要求。

Claims (6)

1．扣式电池，包括在截柱形气密性外壳中一上一下配置的至少一个正电极和一个负电极，两电极之间设有隔片和电解质，正极由带材切割或冲压成多边形，其特征在于，正极和负极由带材制成，而带材是通过将压延机中压实的活性材料构成的轧制带与织带或压延金属带轧制在一起形成的，正极和负极呈方形或六角形。
2．根据权利要求1的扣式电池，其特征在于压延金属包括镍或镀镍钢。
3．根据权利要求1或2的扣式电池，其特征在于它包括氢氧化镍正电极，镉或蓄氢的负电极和碱性电解质。
4．根据权利要求1至3任意之一的扣式电池，其特征在于，每个电极的织层或压延金属层面对外壳盖或底。
5．根据权利要求1至4任意之一的扣式电池，其特征在于，织带或压延金属带表面还覆以活性炭，导电碳黑和疏水性黏合剂组成的混和料。
6．根据权利要求1至5任意之一的扣式电池，其特征在于，电池外壳内配备有呈槽形的壳壁薄弱环节形式的预定爆裂点。
CN94102064A 1993-02-24 1994-02-24 扣式电池 Expired - Fee Related CN1065667C (zh)

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US5486433A (en) 1996-01-23
CN1094853A (zh) 1994-11-09

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