CN106565357A - Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking rice straw fermentation product as raw material - Google Patents
Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking rice straw fermentation product as raw material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking a rice straw fermentation product as a raw material. According to the preparation method, rice straw wastes are used as a raw material and are fermented by using a variety of beneficial microorganisms for 40-60 days to obtain a microbial organic fertilizer which is used for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate together with perlite, vermiculite, peat, a water retention agent and biocontrol bacteria in proportion, and the substrate is small in volume weight, is convenient to carry, is good in water holding capacity to reduce the irrigation frequency and reduce the water consumption, and has rich nutrient substances to avoid additional fertilizer in the whole seedling raising period; rice seedlings come out neatly and are high in root system activity coefficient; and the substrate is low in cost and strong in compatibility with a machine-transplanting technology, and can not only reduce the usage amount of paddy field soil, but also avoid the risk of causing pollution to the environment due to improper treatment of straws.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to raising rice seedlings and agricultural waste utilization field, more particularly to one kind is with rice straw fermentation thing as raw material
Machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With socio-economic development, country labor force transfer and rural laborer's aging, in the urgent need to transplanting being
Main rice mechanization production technology.Transplanting is with the seedling bed that reduces labor intensity, saves, artificial saving, stable high yield, abridged edition
The advantages such as potentiation, make to development scale rice, promote Labor Transfer, raise labour productivity and land productivity, stable development
Grain-production, promotes China's modern agricultural development significant.The substrate of the growth for being adapted to transplanting is cultivated, is transplanting skill
The key of art development.Machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance mainly, based on rice field mud and nonirrigated farmland soil, has low cost using Nutrition Soil seedling
Honest and clean advantage, but the intensity that fetches earth is big, and seedling and lifting recruitment are more, and pest and disease damage is serious, and complex process is not easy to standardization and specification
Change operation；Fetch earth in same rice seedling bed for a long time, topsoil structure can be destroyed, cause soil weathering；Nutrition Soil density is big in addition, can increase
Plus seedling-cultivation plate weight so that Work machine load is big, quick abrasion, limits the penetration and promotion of rice seedling plugged in by machine.
In order to overcome the shortcomings of Nutrition Soil seedling, more research is carried out to Nutrition Soil substitution material at present, these materials
Material includes wormcast, rice straw, vinegar, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing etc..Patent CN201510826235.0 discloses one kind with the Caulis et Folium Oryzae that becomes thoroughly decomposed as original
Machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance of material and preparation method thereof, the preparation method are will to become thoroughly decomposed made by the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of addition rotten stalk microbial inoculum
Rice straw powder and paddy soils mixture uniformly obtain rice seedling raising ground substance, the substrate by volume ratio 66.67% Caulis et Folium Oryzae powder and
33.33% paddy soils composition, but substantial amounts of paddy soils are mixed in seedling raising ground substance, still do not solve Nutrition Soil consumption and working rig
Tool load is big, the problem of quick abrasion；Patent CN200910029966.7 discloses machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and its production method,
With organic wastes such as straws as raw material, Jing multiple beneficial fermentables are configured to fertilizer slow release, binding agent, water-retaining agent
Rice seedling raising ground substance, the shortcomings of the invention has complex procedures, with high costs, substrate and contains not degradable material；Patent
CN201110095150.1, CN201310756272.X, CN201610246156.7 and Zhao Qingsong decile is not have studied with vinegar
The mechanization seedling-cultivation technique for the rice seedling raising ground substance of raw material such as grain, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, trade waste, but still suffer from technical sophistication,
High cost, poor water retention property, light weight are easily swayed, the difficult problem of the machine transplanting of rice.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the problems, such as prior art, there is provided one kind is with rice straw fermentation thing as raw material system
The method of standby machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance.The present invention with rice straw garbage as raw material, Jing multiple beneficials fermentable 40
～60 days, the microbial organic fertilizer for obtaining and perlite, Vermiculitum, peat, water-retaining agent and biocontrol microorganisms are configured to into water in proportion
Rice seedling raising ground substance, the substrate unit weight are little, convenient to carry；Good water-retaining property, reduces irrigation frequency, reduces water consumption；Nutrient substance is rich
Richness, is not required to additionally topdress during whole seedling；Rice shoot goes out that seedling is neat, improving activity of root system coefficient is high；With low cost, and machine transplanting of rice technology
It is compatible strong；The usage amount of paddy soils can be reduced, moreover it is possible to avoid the risk to environment being dealt with improperly because of Caulis et Folium Oryzae.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and concrete operation step is as follows：
(1) rice straw fermentation：Rice straw and fresh pig manure are collected as the raw material for preparing fertilizer, static aerobic is carried out high
Warm compost, accesses aerobic fermentation probioticss, carries out the aerobic high-heat fermentation of 40～60 days；
(2) prepare fertilizer：When rice straw and pig manure fermentation thing temperature are down to ambient temperature, color is presented brown and odorless
When, stacking is spread out and pulverize and sieve after dryness in the sun, it is standby；
(3) biocontrol microorganisms activation：By biocontrol microorganisms in potato dextrose broth amplification culture, after be inoculated into wheat bran,
Cultivate one week in bran and rice husk mixture, after lyophilization, use granulator granulation, it is standby；Wherein described biocontrol microorganisms are from plan stem point
It is mould；
(4) prepare rice seedling raising ground substance：The major ingredient of fertilizer prepared by step (2) as rice seedling raising ground substance, addition
The biocontrol microorganisms that perlite, Vermiculitum, plant ash, water-retaining agent and step (3) are activated, mixing are prepared into rice seedling raising ground substance；Wherein
Each raw material volume proportioning is：2～5 parts of fertilizer, 3～5 parts of perlite, 3～5 parts of Vermiculitum, 1～2 part of plant ash, water-retaining agent 0.5
～1 part, 0.5 part of biocontrol microorganisms.
Wherein, crush after in step (1), raw material rice straw is dried as 3～5cm of length, the dry crushing material of C/N=39, pig manure
For the fresh pig manure of moisture content 50%～80%, C/N=17.3.
Preferably, carry out static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting in the booth of cement flooring, heap 1.5～2.0m of height of embankment, diameter 2～
3m, containing 500～2000kg of rice straw, it is 25～30 to adjust C/N with 300～1000kg pig manures, and moisture content 60～70% is accessed a kind of
Or several composite fluid microbial inoculums, every gram of microbial inoculum viable count is 20～20,000,000,000, inoculative proportion for stack weight 0.1～1%,
Carry out the aerobic high-heat fermentation of 40～60 days, before compost 30 days every turning in 2 days once, and add appropriate moisture, to protect
Hold abundance moisture content, the compost later stage week about turning once, to mix material；
Wherein aerobic fermentation probioticss be Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, in bacillus subtilises any one；Or Trichoderma viride,
The composite bacteria agent capable of any two microbial inoculum compositions in aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilises；Or it is saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, black
The liquid mixing bacterium that aspergillosis, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, bacillus thuringiensiss, six kinds of bacterium of bacillus subtilises mix.
The inoculative proportion of aerobic fermentation probioticss for stack weight 0.1～1%；It is preferred that 1%.
In step (2), biocontrol microorganisms select Phomopsis HQ285146；By Phomopsis HQ285146 in potato glucose
28 DEG C of inclined-plane is activated 4 days, prepares seed liquor with the culture 3 days of 28 DEG C of potato dextrose broth, according to mass ratio 10%
Amount be inoculated in wheat bran, bran and rice husk mixture 28 DEG C and cultivate one week, the wherein mass ratio 6 of wheat bran, bran and rice husk:3:1, material
Water ratio is 1:1.2, the biocontrol agent for preparing 3～5mm of particle diameter with comminutor after lyophilization is standby.
In step (3), preferred rice seedling raising ground substance raw material mass mixture ratio is：3 parts of fertilizer, 3 parts of perlite, 2 parts of Vermiculitum,
1 part of plant ash, 0.5 part of water-retaining agent, 0.5 part of biocontrol microorganisms.
Rice seedling raising ground substance raw material perlite 3～5mm of preferable particle size, Vermiculitum 3～5mm of preferable particle size, water-retaining agent select poly-
Acrylamide granule, 3～5mm of particle diameter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the rice seedling raising ground substance prepared using said method.
The matrix nutrition content prepared using the method for the present invention is high, good water-retaining property；It is and unit weight is little, convenient to carry, fit
For machine-transplanted rice.
A further object of the present invention is the application for providing above-mentioned rice seedling raising ground substance in raising rice seedlings.
The invention provides a kind of concrete seedling application process, specifically, rigid plastics seedling-cultivation plate (58cm × 28cm ×
Seedling raising ground substance is placed in 3cm), thickness is 2.5cm, is uniformly sown into the good millet of accelerating germination, covers seedling raising ground substance thickness 0.5cm, sowing
1 plant/hole of amount.Each seedling region Bian dry rice seedling mode seedling, that is, grill thoroughly water before broadcasting, moistening, base after emerging are kept before emerging
Matter is not watered before turning white.In the nursery trophophase of 60 days the growth promoter of any chemical fertilizer, seed is not used to fully rely on substrate
To provide nutrition.Rice shoot goes out that seedling is neat, improving activity of root system coefficient is high.
The present invention using rice straw of becoming thoroughly decomposed as the main component of rice seedling raising ground substance, made by rice seedling raising ground substance unit weight it is little,
It is convenient to carry；Good water-retaining property, reduces irrigation frequency, reduces water consumption；Nutrient substance enriches, and is not required to extra during whole seedling
Topdress；The rice shoot cultivated using the rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention goes out that seedling is neat, improving activity of root system coefficient is high.
Rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared using the method for the present invention, method is with low cost, and machine transplanting of rice technical compatibility it is strong.Full
On the premise of sufficient rice shoot normal growth, the usage amount of Nutrition Soil can be both reduced, reduce production cost, increase economic benefit, together
When can also avoid dealing with the risk to environment improperly because of Caulis et Folium Oryzae.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that rice straw prepares rice seedling raising ground substance artwork；
Fig. 2 is 1 different fertilizer rice seedling raising ground substance seedling growth situations of embodiment；
A () is paddy soils, be (b) Trichoderma viride, is (c) aspergillus niger；
Fig. 3 is 2 different fertilizer rice seedling raising ground substance seedling growth situations of embodiment；
A () is bacillus subtilises+saccharomyces cerevisiae, be (b) Trichoderma viride+aspergillus niger, is (c) aspergillus niger+saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention is made further with reference to specific embodiment
It is bright.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces), Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), black fermented preparation used in embodiment
Mould (Aspergillus niger), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Acinetobacter sp), bacillus subtilises (Bacillus
Subtilis), bacillus thuringiensiss (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) are purchased from Chinese culture presevation
The heart, saccharomyces cerevisiae numbering bio-68045, aspergillus niger numbering bio-68022, Trichoderma viride numbering bio-66770, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium numbering bio-75402, acinetobacter calcoaceticus bio-77730, bacillus thuringiensiss bio-62253.Biocontrol microorganisms Phomopsis used
HQ285146 preparation methoies are specifically shown in patent CN105921510A.
Embodiment 1：Single bacteria fermentation+biocontrol microorganisms prepare rice seedling raising ground substance
As shown in figure 1, fertilizer is prepared using beneficial bacteria fermentation rice straw and fresh pig manure mixture, with fertilizer
Solid biocontrol agent for major ingredient, addition adjuvant and activation processing prepares rice seedling raising ground substance, comprises the following steps that：
(1) preparation of microbial inoculum：Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger)
And bacillus subtilises (Bacillus subtilis) are aerobic fermentation probioticss.Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger are respectively with Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
Dextrose broth culture, 180 revs/min, 28 DEG C are cultivated 5 days；Bacillus subtilises are with beef extract-peptone liquid culture
Base culture, 180 revs/min, 37 DEG C are cultivated 2 days；
(2) rice straw fermentation：Static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting is carried out on booth cement flooring, is the dry rice straws of 3～5cm to length
Fermenting agent, microbial inoculum inoculum concentration for stack weight 0.1%, with the fresh pig manure adjustment that moisture content is 80% are accessed in 1000kg
Compost material C/N is 27, while adjusting moisture content 70%, arranges four microbial inoculum treatment groups altogether, is respectively not added with microbial inoculum group, green
Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma viride), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) and bacillus subtilises (Bacillus
Windrow is piled the stacking of high 1.5m, diameter 2m by subtilis) group, carries out the aerobic high-heat fermentation of 60 days, before compost 30 days it is every
Every turning in 2 days once, and add appropriate moisture, to keep sufficient moisture content, the compost later stage week about turning once,
Mix material.When rice straw and pig manure fermentation thing temperature are down to ambient temperature, and color is presented brown and odorless, stacking is spread out
Pulverize and sieve after dryness in the sun, standby, the property of fertilizer is shown in Table 1, the nutrient of abundance can be provided for rice seedling growth and be propped up
Support space.
1 fertilizer physicochemical property of table
Note：Numerical value is meansigma methodss ± error.
(3) biocontrol microorganisms activation：Phomopsis HQ285146 is activated 4 days for 28 DEG C on potato glucose inclined-plane, Ma Ling is used
180 revs/min of potato dextrose broth, 28 DEG C of cultures prepare seed liquor in 3 days, are inoculated into bran according to the amount of mass ratio 10%
28 DEG C of quiescent cultures one week, the wherein mass ratio 6 of wheat bran, bran and rice husk in skin, bran and rice husk mixture:3:1, material-water ratio is 1:
1.2, the solid biocontrol agent of 3～5mm of particle diameter is prepared after lyophilization with comminutor, it is standby.The biocontrol microorganisms Phomopsis of activation
HQ285146, every gram of microbial inoculum contain viable count 10,000,000,000.
(4) prepared by seedling raising ground substance：Major ingredient with fertilizer as rice seedling raising ground substance, by with perlite, Vermiculitum, vegetation
Ash, water-retaining agent, biocontrol microorganisms are respectively according to 2:3:3:1:1:0.5 volume ratio is configured to rice seedling raising ground substance, basic physics and chemistry
Matter is shown in Table 2 and table 3.
2 rice seedling raising ground substance physicochemical property of table
Note：K represents the seedling raising ground substance that the fertilizer of bacillus subtilis microbial agent fermentation is configured to, and L represents withered Trichoderma viride
The seedling raising ground substance that the fertilizer of bacteria fermentation is configured to, H represent the seedling base that the fertilizer of withered aspergillus niger bacteria fermentation is configured to
Matter, numerical value are meansigma methodss ± error.
The pH of different substrates substantially conforms to preferable substrate for the 5.5-7.0's of acid-base value between 6.42～6.74
Require, 40% or so, 50%～68.5%, 0.59～0.79, electrical conductivity exists unit weight porosity different substrates moisture content
2.12-3.075mS/cm.For substrate physicochemical property, the substrate that the rice straw of bacteria fermentation is configured to is more suitable than paddy soils
It is fit to do rice seedling raising ground substance.
3 rice seedling raising ground substance nutritive index of table
Note：K represents the seedling raising ground substance that the fertilizer of bacillus subtilis microbial agent fermentation is configured to, and L represents Hypocrea virens
The seedling raising ground substance that the fertilizer of agent fermentation is configured to, H represent the seedling raising ground substance that the fertilizer of aspergillus niger bacteria fermentation is configured to, number
It is worth for meansigma methodss ± error.
Except in paddy soils substrate the content of organic matter be 8.08% in addition to, the content of organic matter of other raw materials more than 25%,
60% or so, using the supporting obviously higher than paddy soils substrate of nutrient content in the substrate that the rice straw of bacteria fermentation is configured to
Divide content.
Raising rice seedlings：Seedling raising ground substance is placed in rigid plastics seedling-cultivation plate (58cm × 28cm × 3cm), thickness is 2.5cm,
The good millet of accelerating germination is uniformly sown into, seedling raising ground substance thickness 0.5cm, 1 plant/hole of application rate is covered.Each seedling region Bian dry rice seedling
Mode seedling, that is, grill thoroughly water before broadcasting, keep moistening, do not water before substrate is turned white after emerging before emerging.Grow in the nursery of 60 days
The growth promoter of any chemical fertilizer, seed is not used to fully rely on substrate to provide nutrition in phase.Growth of cereal crop seedlings condition is checked every other day.In seedling
In Seedling latter stage, determine chlorophyll content, aerial partss dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, the dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings of root；It is each to process improving activity of root system, root of hair ability, to root
Portion's mechanical ability is estimated, and evaluates the comprehensive seedling effect that often processes, the quality of rice seedling be shown in Table 4 and growing state see figure
2a-c.In the seedling raising ground substance that fertilizer is prepared, rice shoot Herb fresh weight, chlorophyll content and improving activity of root system are all remarkably higher than paddy soils
Rice shoot, so cellulosic waste is better than paddy soils as the effect of base starting material Jing after becoming thoroughly decomposed, is illustrated to a certain extent
Feasibility of the fertilizer as rice seedling raising ground substance, it is ensured that nutrient demand of the rice shoot to substrate.
The quality of 4 rice seedling of table
Embodiment 2：Double-component composite bacteria agent capable+biocontrol microorganisms prepare rice seedling raising ground substance
In following step, if no special instruction is made, adopt and 1 identical method of embodiment is processed.
(1) preparation of microbial inoculum：Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger with potato dextrose broth culture,
180 revs/min, 28 DEG C are cultivated 5 days；Bacillus subtilises are with beef extract-peptone fluid medium culture, 180 revs/min, 37 DEG C of trainings
Support 2 days.
(2) rice straw fermentation：Three microbial inoculum treatment groups, respectively bacillus subtilises+saccharomyces cerevisiae group, Trichoderma viride+black
Aspergillosis group, aspergillus niger+saccharomyces cerevisiae group, microbial inoculum inoculum concentration are followed successively by 0.1%, 0.4%, the 1.0% of stacking quality, according to enforcement
Method fermentation described in example 1, when rice straw and pig manure fermentation thing temperature are down to ambient temperature, color is presented brown and odorless
When, stacking is spread out and pulverize and sieve after dryness in the sun, standby, the property of fertilizer is shown in Table 5, can provide for rice seedling growth and fill
The nutrient and supporting and space of foot.
5 fertilizer physicochemical property of table
Note：NK represent addition saccharomyces cerevisiae and fermentation of bacillus subtilis fertilizer, HL represent addition Trichoderma viride and
The fertilizer of fermentation of Aspergillus niger, HN represent the fertilizer of addition aspergillus niger and fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae, and numerical value is meansigma methodss ± error.
(3) biocontrol microorganisms activation：Phomopsis HQ285146 is activated 4 days for 28 DEG C on potato glucose inclined-plane, Ma Ling is used
180 revs/min of potato dextrose broth, 28 DEG C of cultures prepare seed liquor in 3 days, are inoculated into bran according to the amount of mass ratio 10%
28 DEG C of quiescent cultures one week, the wherein mass ratio 6 of wheat bran, bran and rice husk in skin, bran and rice husk mixture:3:1, material-water ratio is 1:
1.2, the solid biocontrol agent of 3～5mm of particle diameter is prepared after lyophilization with comminutor, it is standby.The biocontrol microorganisms Phomopsis of activation
HQ285146, every gram of microbial inoculum contain viable count 10,000,000,000.
(4) prepared by seedling raising ground substance：Major ingredient with fertilizer as rice seedling raising ground substance, by with perlite, Vermiculitum, vegetation
Ash, water-retaining agent are respectively according to 3:5:4:2:0.5:0.5、5:4:5:1.5:0.6:0.5、3:3:2:1:0.5:0.5 volume ratio
Rice seedling raising ground substance is configured to, basic physical and chemical is shown in Table 6 and table 7.
6 rice seedling raising ground substance physicochemical property of table
For substrate physicochemical property, substrate that the rice straw of bacteria fermentation is configured to is more preferably than paddy soils to do Oryza sativa L.
Seedling raising ground substance.
7 rice seedling raising ground substance nutritive index of table
Note：NL represents the seedling raising ground substance being configured to by the fertilizer of addition saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichoderma Viride, and HL is represented
By the seedling raising ground substance that is configured to of fertilizer of addition aspergillus niger and Trichoderma Viride, HN represent by addition bacillus subtilises and
The seedling raising ground substance that the fertilizer of fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae is configured to, numerical value are meansigma methodss ± error.
In addition in paddy soils substrate, the content of organic matter is 8.08%, the content of organic matter of other raw materials 57.4～
62.6%, using nutrient content in the substrate that the rice straw of bacteria fermentation is configured to obviously higher than paddy soils substrate nutrient
Content.
Raising rice seedlings：Raising rice seedlings with embodiment 1, the quality of rice shoot be shown in Table 8 and growing state see Fig. 2 a-c.Fertilizer is matched somebody with somebody
In the seedling raising ground substance of system, rice shoot Herb fresh weight, chlorophyll content and improving activity of root system are all remarkably higher than paddy soils rice shoot, so fiber
Plain class garbage is better than paddy soils as the effect of base starting material Jing after becoming thoroughly decomposed, and illustrates fertilizer as Oryza sativa L. to a certain extent
The feasibility of seedling raising ground substance, it is ensured that nutrient demand of the rice shoot to substrate.
The quality of 8 rice seedling of table
Note：NL represents the seedling raising ground substance being configured to by the fertilizer of addition saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichoderma Viride, and HL is represented
By the seedling raising ground substance that is configured to of fertilizer of addition aspergillus niger and Trichoderma Viride, HN represent by addition bacillus subtilises and
The seedling raising ground substance that the fertilizer of fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae is configured to, numerical value are meansigma methodss ± error.
Embodiment 3：Six component composite bacteria fermentation rice straws prepare rice seedling raising ground substance
(1) preparation of microbial inoculum：Altogether arrange two microbial inoculum treatment groups, one group for the treatment of group for being not to be inoculated with microbial inoculum, another group is
The treatment group of inoculation liquid fermentation agent；Prepared by liquid fermentation agent, inoculation method is：Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger
Respectively in the culture 5 days of 180 revs/min, 28 DEG C of potato dextrose broth, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, bacillus subtilises, Su Yunjin
Bacillus cereuss are cultivated 2 days in 180 revs/min of beef extract-peptone fluid medium culture, 37 DEG C respectively.Six kinds of bacterium solutions are existed respectively
5000 revs/min of centrifugations, remove supernatant, cleans thalline 3 times with the phosphate buffer that pH is 7, then are hanged with 1 liter of phosphate buffer
Floating thalline, with saccharomyces cerevisiae：Trichoderma viride：Aspergillus niger：Acinetobacter calcoaceticus：Bacillus subtilises：Bacillus thuringiensiss=1：1：
1：1：1：1 volume ratio mixing, is the beneficial microbial inoculum of aerobic fermentation after six kinds of bacterium solution mixing；
(2) rice straw fermentation：Carry out static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting in the booth of cement flooring, heap height of embankment 2m, diameter 3m,
Rice straw 2000kg, it is 28 to adjust C/N with the fresh pig manures of 1000kg, and add water adjustment moisture content 60～70%, accesses probioticss
Agent, inoculative proportion for stack weight 1%, carry out 50 days aerobic high-heat fermentation, before compost 30 days every turning in 2 days once,
And add appropriate moisture, to keep sufficient moisture content, the compost later stage week about turning once, to mix material,
When rice straw and pig manure fermentation thing temperature are down to room temperature, and color is presented brown and odorless, stacking is spread out dryness in the sun
After pulverize and sieve, it is standby；
Two treatment groups of contrast, in being inoculated with the fertilizer of liquid fermentation agent, available nitrogen improves the raising of 45%, available potassium
55%, rapid available phosphorus improves 34%.
(3) biocontrol microorganisms activation：Phomopsis HQ285146 is activated 4 days for 28 DEG C on potato glucose inclined-plane, uses Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
180 revs/min of dextrose broth, 28 DEG C culture 3 days prepare seed liquor, according to the amount of mass ratio 10% be inoculated into wheat bran,
28 DEG C of quiescent cultures one week, the wherein mass ratio 6 of wheat bran, bran and rice husk in bran and rice husk mixture:3:1, material-water ratio is 1:
1.2, the solid biocontrol agent of 3～5mm of particle diameter is prepared after lyophilization with comminutor, it is standby；The biocontrol microorganisms Phomopsis of activation
HQ285146, every gram of microbial inoculum contain viable count 10,000,000,000；
(4) prepared by seedling raising ground substance：The fertilizer of the addition probioticss agent that step (2) is obtained is used as rice seedling raising ground substance
Major ingredient, is divided into two treatment groups, be not added with biocontrol microorganisms group by fertilizer and perlite, Vermiculitum, plant ash and water-retaining agent respectively by
According to 3 parts, 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part, 0.5 part of proportions into rice seedling raising ground substance；Biocontrol microorganisms group is by fertilizer and perlite, trematodiasiss
The biocontrol microorganisms of activation are respectively according to 3 parts, 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part, 0.5 part, 0.5 part of ratio in stone, plant ash, water-retaining agent, step (3)
Example is configured to rice seedling raising ground substance.
Seedling raising ground substance is placed in rigid plastics seedling-cultivation plate (58cm × 28cm × 3cm), thickness is 2.5cm, is uniformly sown into
The good millet of accelerating germination, covers seedling raising ground substance thickness 0.5cm, 1 plant/hole of application rate.Each seedling region Bian dry rice seedling mode seedling,
Water is grilled thoroughly before broadcasting, moistening is kept before emerging, is not watered before substrate is turned white after emerging.Do not use in the nursery trophophase of 60 days
Any chemical fertilizer, the growth promoter of seed fully rely on substrate to provide.With paddy soils discrete phase ratio, biocontrol microorganisms Phomopsis are added
In the substrate of HQ285146 rice seedling plant height increase by 41%, root length increase by 78%, underground fresh weight increased 114%, it is fresh on the ground
Increasing by 122%, improving activity of root system again increases by 245%, root absorbency area product increase by 312%, chlorophyll content increase by 561%.
Therefore, accelerate Caulis et Folium Oryzae decomposition process by adding rotten stalk microbial inoculum, can for the innoxious of agricultural wastes, commercialization,
Recycling and seedling raising ground substance is quickly produced using waste fiber resource theoretical foundation and example are provided.
The present invention carries out Rice Straw Fermented by the rotten stalk microbial inoculum of application, prepares efficient seedling raising ground substance, inquires into decomposition Caulis et Folium Oryzae seedling
Impact of the substrate to machine transplanting of rice rice sprouts quality, provides technical support for rational exploitation and utilization seedling raising ground substance resource.This will be to water
The industry development of rice Caulis et Folium Oryzae seedling raising ground substance has promotion and induced effect, and can produce significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as raw material with rice straw fermentation thing, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
（1）Rice straw fermentation：Rice straw and fresh pig manure are collected as the raw material for preparing fertilizer, static aerobic high temperature nuclear reactor is carried out
Fertilizer, accesses aerobic fermentation probioticss, carries out the aerobic high-heat fermentation of 40 ~ 60 days；
（2）Prepare fertilizer：When rice straw and pig manure fermentation thing temperature are down to ambient temperature, and color is presented brown and odorless,
Stacking is spread out and pulverize and sieve after dryness in the sun, it is standby；
（3）Biocontrol microorganisms are activated：By biocontrol microorganisms in potato dextrose broth amplification culture, after be inoculated into wheat bran, bran and
Cultivate one week in rice husk mixture, after lyophilization, use granulator granulation, it is standby；Wherein described biocontrol microorganisms select Phomopsis；
（4）Prepare rice seedling raising ground substance：By step（2）Major ingredient of the fertilizer of preparation as rice seedling raising ground substance, adds Margarita
Rock, Vermiculitum, plant ash, water-retaining agent and step（3）The biocontrol microorganisms of activation, mixing are prepared into rice seedling raising ground substance；Wherein each original
Expect that volume proportion is：2 ~ 5 parts of fertilizer, 3 ~ 5 parts of perlite, 3 ~ 5 parts of Vermiculitum, 1 ~ 2 part of plant ash, 0.5 ~ 1 part of water-retaining agent, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion
0.5 part of bacterium.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）In, aerobic fermentation probioticss are green wood
In mould, aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilises any one；Or wantonly two in Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilises
Plant the composite bacteria agent capable of microbial inoculum composition；Or saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, bacillus thuringiensiss, hay
The liquid mixing bacterium that six kinds of bacterium of bacillus cereuss mix.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）In, the inoculation ratio of aerobic fermentation probioticss
Example for stack weight 0.1 ~ 1%；It is preferred that 1%.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（2）In, biocontrol microorganisms select Phomopsis
HQ285146。
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the step（2）In, by Phomopsis HQ285146 in horse
28 DEG C of bell potato glucose inclined-plane is activated 4 days, prepares seed liquor with the culture 3 days of 28 DEG C of potato dextrose broth, according to
The amount of mass ratio 10% is inoculated in wheat bran, bran and rice husk mixture 28 DEG C and cultivates one week, wherein the quality of wheat bran, bran and rice husk
Than 6:3:1, material-water ratio is 1:1.2, the biocontrol agent of 3 ~ 5mm of particle diameter is prepared after lyophilization with comminutor.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（3）In, rice seedling raising ground substance raw material volume is matched somebody with somebody
Than for：3 parts of fertilizer, 3 parts of perlite, 2 parts of Vermiculitum, 1 part of plant ash, 0.5 part of water-retaining agent, 0.5 part of biocontrol microorganisms.
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the water-retaining agent selects polyacrylamide particle, particle diameter 3 ~
5mm。
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting heap 1.5 ~ 2.0m of height of embankment, diameter 2
~ 3m, containing 500 ~ 2000kg of rice straw, fresh 300 ~ 1000kg of pig manure, adjusts moisture content 60 ~ 70%, and C/N is 25 ~ 30；Compost
First 30 days every turning in 2 days once, and add moisture to keep sufficient moisture content, the compost later stage week about turning once,
So as to the mixing of material.
9. the rice seedling raising ground substance that prepared by any one of claim 1 ~ 8 methods described.
10. application of the rice seedling raising ground substance described in claim 9 in raising rice seedlings.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107641016A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-30 | 孙贵成 | A kind of quick method for preparing raising rice seedlings substrate |
| CN108432593A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-08-24 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of rice nursery substrate |
| CN108821811A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽瑞驰兰德生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of using stalk as composite microbe fertilizer of raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108863462A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽瑞驰兰德生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of using stalk as biological organic fertilizer of raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109479431A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-19 | 孙建国 | A kind of northeast rice seedling raising soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN111587764A (en) * | 2020-04-18 | 2020-08-28 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114586621A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-07 | 龙门县顺喜来生态农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for improving rice quality |
| CN116941501A (en) * | 2023-08-26 | 2023-10-27 | 湖北农康生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix based on pig manure ferment and production method thereof |
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| CN105969697A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 河海大学 | Compound bacterium agent for composting straw as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN104761339A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-07-08 | 哈尔滨巨润生物科技有限公司 | Substrate for rice seedling raising and preparation method thereof |
| CN105924268A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-09-07 | 中国水稻研究所 | Carbon-based rice seedling raising substrate for rice and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107641016A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-30 | 孙贵成 | A kind of quick method for preparing raising rice seedlings substrate |
| CN108432593A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-08-24 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of rice nursery substrate |
| CN108821811A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽瑞驰兰德生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of using stalk as composite microbe fertilizer of raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108863462A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽瑞驰兰德生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of using stalk as biological organic fertilizer of raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109479431A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-19 | 孙建国 | A kind of northeast rice seedling raising soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN111587764A (en) * | 2020-04-18 | 2020-08-28 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114586621A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-07 | 龙门县顺喜来生态农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for improving rice quality |
| CN116941501A (en) * | 2023-08-26 | 2023-10-27 | 湖北农康生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix based on pig manure ferment and production method thereof |
| CN116941501B (en) * | 2023-08-26 | 2024-01-23 | 湖北农康生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix based on pig manure ferment and production method thereof |
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| CN106565357B (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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