CN106557613B - A kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method - Google Patents
A kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The rake teeth design method based on discrete element method that the invention discloses a kind of carries out physical parameter sample to material, obtains the physical parameter of material；With physical parameter rating test result Calibration Simulation parameter, under the premise of guaranteeing that simulation result and test result are consistent, optimization Simulation parameter；Rake teeth part experimental model is emulated and carries out comparative experiments；The emulation of rake teeth complete model is carried out, zoning is simplified, under different structure and the effect of the rake teeth of arrangement, the motion state and rake teeth stress condition of material choose optimal case for simulation, complete harrow tooth structure and layout design.This method uses EDEM software, and emulation mode is combined with experiment, under the premise of taking into account computational accuracy, greatly improves computation efficiency, can effectively instruct harrow tooth structure and layout design.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rake teeth design fields of the drying of shot coal, pyrolysis and Quench apparatus for rotating, and in particular to a kind of
Rake teeth design method based on discrete element method.
Background technique
In recent years, low-order coal process for upgrading technology (LCC) is paid attention to by society extensively, and domestic many mechanisms are all low in progress
The exploitation of rank coal process for upgrading and key equipment.Certain enterprise has built 300,000 tons/year of low-order coal upgrading industrialization demonstration
Device, key equipment include that drying oven, pyrolysis oven and Quench disk, operating performance of plant are good.Pass through reasonable rake teeth design (rake
Toothing and arrangement), multiple channels are formed on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire, each interchannel is realized by rake teeth and is connected to, radial when coal passes through rake teeth
Position changes, that is, enters next channel, final to realize coal from stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire outer passage (import) after the effect of multiple rake teeths
Move to stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire inner channel (outlet).
In drying oven, coal is moved on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire along spiral routes, is carried out with by the air flow contacts in stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire bottom gap
It is dry, the perfect condition of coal movement refer to coal first pass around harrow into rake teeth after form Wave crest and wave trough form, then will by rake teeth of raking
The coal of wave crest is blown into trough, and coal thickness on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire is uniform, no groove.To reach above-mentioned requirements, rake teeth (structure should be rationally designed
And arrangement), prevent coal from occurring circumferential grooves, returning charge and crossing channel phenomenon in the drying process, so that it is short-circuit, dry to generate hot gas
The dry time is insufficient, influences drying effect.For the motion state of coal, pyrolysis oven and Quench disk are similar with drying oven.
Domestic and international associated mechanisms shortage grinds harrow tooth structure in low-order coal process for upgrading technology (LCC) device and arrangement
Study carefully.The design of rake teeth is complex, and influence factor is more, and quantity, spacing, length, angle, stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire revolving speed of rake teeth etc. will affect
The motion state of coal.Rake teeth design is carried out by building 5:1 overall model in current 300,000 tons/year of low-order coal device for improving quality
Experiment obtains, but since amplified criterion is unclear, and experimental data is applied to there are certain risks in commercial plant.When industry is advised
Mould is expanded to 1,000,000 tons/year from 300,000 tons/year, twice of critical device dimensions increase or more in device, if rake teeth is still by diminution
Experimental model method is designed, then there is biggish risk；If designing rake teeth, experiment by the method for 1:1 overall model experiment
Although data may be directly applied to rake teeth design, but need a whole set of device for transporting objects, and experimental cost is excessively high.Therefore one kind is needed
Economic, efficient design method carries out rake teeth design.
The tool that Discrete-parcel method (DEM) is moved as one for describing bulk granular material, it is extensive in the nearest more than ten years
Applied to many fields, such as mining, chemical industry, agricultural and medicinal industry.This method is related to setting for bulk granular material operation in many
Reliable tool is all had proven in standby and technical process.
Since the coal amount of LCC device (device diameters are more than 20m) processing of 1,000,000 tons of annual scales is big, coal physical property is multiple
Miscellaneous (the complex-shaped multiplicity of coal cinder, particle diameter distribution are wide).Rake teeth design needs to be accurately positioned coal in the motion state after rake teeth,
And DEM precision in the simulation calculation of laboratory scale is higher at present, and to plant-scale calculated result and actual motion knot
The analysis document of fruit comparison is less, and computational accuracy is difficult to ensure；Meanwhile the design of rake teeth needs to adjust harrow tooth structure and arrangement ginseng
It is largely computed repeatedly after number, under the conditions of computing resource is limited, when amounts of particles reaches million grades or more of scale, particle
Various shapes, particle diameter distribution is wide, and when geometrical model is huge, single simulation example time-consuming can reach the several months, and computational efficiency is just difficult to
Meet the actual requirement of engineering.
Summary of the invention
The rake teeth design method based on discrete element method that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of, is caused with solving the above problems
Rake teeth design is instructed to face the difficulty that computational accuracy is poor, computational efficiency is low using DEM.
In order to achieve the above objectives, a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method of the present invention, is joined with physical property
The result of number experiment is foundation, and Calibration Simulation parameter optimizes discrete element emulation ginseng under the premise of guaranteeing that simulation result is accurate
Number, then with partial model experiment as a result, verifying optimization after discrete element software emulation parameter accuracy and computational efficiency,
Herein on basis, simplify zoning, then carry out the emulation of complete model, the design of rake teeth is completed in final guidance.The side
Method the following steps are included:
1) physical parameter test is carried out to the bulk granular material of rake teeth effect, obtains the physical parameter of material；
2) establish in the discrete meta software (EDEM) and test identical model with physical parameter and emulated, contrast simulation and
Test result calibrates discrete element software emulation input parameter；
3) under the premise of guaranteeing that simulation result and test result are consistent, optimization Simulation parameter, including reduce material particles
Modulus of shearing, amplification material particles moulded dimension；
4) calculating of rake teeth partial model is carried out using the simulation parameter after optimization, while establishing the rake teeth office of 1:1 size
Portion's experimental model, carry out Experimental comparison's research, analysis simulation result and experimental result in bulk granular material particle motion state and
Whether the stress condition of rake teeth, the accuracy for verifying simulation calculation meet engine request；
If 5) be unsatisfactory for engine request, repeat step 3) and 4), until rake teeth partial model simulation calculation
Accuracy meets engine request；
6) calculating of rake teeth complete model is carried out using the simulation parameter after verifying in discrete meta software, simplifies and calculates area
Domain is simulated under different harrow tooth structures and deployment scenarios, and the motion state of material and the stress condition of rake teeth are chosen optimal
Harrow tooth structure and layout design scheme, complete design.
Preferably, the physical parameter test particular content in step 1) includes the particle diameter distribution, typical shape, view phase of material
Measurement to the angle of friction of density, angle of repose and material and wall surface.
Preferably, granular model and the test that identical model specifically includes material are tested with physical parameter in step 2)
The geometrical model of device, wherein granular model is generally filled by 3~6 spherical shapes.
Preferably, discrete element software emulation inputs the modulus of shearing that parameter includes material in step 2), and wall surface material is cut
Shear modulu, confficient of static friction, coefficient of rolling friction and collision recovery coefficient and material and wall surface material between material and material
Between confficient of static friction, coefficient of rolling friction and collision recovery coefficient.
Preferably, the motion state of material specifically includes the motion profile, move distance, piling height of material in step 4)
And appearance profile；The stress condition of the rake teeth refer to rake teeth push material movement when, rake teeth by material reaction force and
Torque.
Preferably, the experimental model of rake teeth part described in step 4) includes the rake having on the stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire and stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire of arc disk
Tooth.
Preferably, the radian of arc disk described in step 4) is 90~120 degree.
Preferably, the accuracy in step 5) refers to the motion state of material and the stress condition of rake teeth in emulation and experiment
Consistent degree, pass through circumferential grooves width in comparison material motion process, material radial motion distance, material accumulation height
The method of parameter is realized, according to requirement of engineering, is controlled in 80% or more the accuracy rating.
Preferably, step 6) rake teeth complete model includes stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire, the rake teeth on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire and continuous feed and discharging dress
It sets.
Preferably, it includes setting periodic boundary condition that step 6), which simplifies zoning, is referred specifically to when material is on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire
It is not affected by rake teeth effect, when opposing stationary with stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire, the zoning of this part is arranged to periodic boundary condition and is not counted
It calculates, so as to improve computational efficiency.
Preferably, harrow tooth structure and layout design specifically include the quantity of rake teeth, spacing, length and angle in step 6)
Design.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention has comprehensively considered the advantage and disadvantage of discrete element simulation calculation and experimental model,
By using the comparison of 1:1 partial model experiment and physical parameter test result, the accurate of analog result is verified, it is basic herein
On, optimization Simulation parameter, compared with not optimized model, computational efficiency improves about 7 times, when substantially reducing simulation calculation
Between, while simulation result and experimental result consistent degree reach 80% or more, meet engine request.Pass through the emulation of overall model
It calculates, analyzes the motion state of material and the stress condition of rake teeth, final guidance and the design for completing harrow tooth structure and arrangement make
For material by the track operation of design, piling height is uniform, no circumferential recess, and reflux, clogging, present invention design side does not occur
Method is time saving and energy saving, and experiment and cost of investment is effectively reduced in precise and high efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is design method flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the simulation model of material particles in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the stocking angle of one of physical parameter test in the embodiment of the present invention tests schematic diagram, wherein (a) is that test is shown
It is intended to, is (b) simulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that the gradient method of one of physical parameter test in the embodiment of the present invention tests schematic diagram, wherein (a) is that test is shown
It is intended to, is (b) simulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is rake teeth partial model schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is low-order coal operation schematic diagram；
Wherein, (a) is low-order coal schematic diagram in test；It (b) is particle schematic diagram in emulation；
Fig. 7 is coal seam cross-sectional profiles schematic diagram under stable state；
Fig. 8 is rake teeth complete model schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is rake teeth design result schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1 stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire；2 harrow into rake teeth group；3 rake rake teeth group；4 discharge ports；5 feed pipes.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, to be applied in low-order coal device for improving quality for the design of drying oven rake teeth, to tool of the invention
Body embodiment is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, demarcating EDEM simulation parameter first using physical parameter test as foundation, guaranteeing that simulation result is quasi-
Under the premise of really, optimization Simulation parameter, then using partial model experimental result as foundation, the standard of the simulation parameter after verifying optimization
True property and computational efficiency, herein on basis, then carry out the emulation of complete model, instruct the design of harrow tooth structure, specifically include
Following steps:
To low-order coal carry out physical parameter test, including to particle diameter distribution, typical shape, apparent relative density, angle of repose with
And the measurement of the angle of friction of material and wall surface.
Particle diameter distribution result is as follows:
Typical shape is as follows:
Apparent relative density: 1026kg/m3；Angle of repose: 32.6 °；The angle of friction of coal and steel plate: 29.9 °.
The identical model with physical parameter test is established in EDEM simultaneously to be emulated, the knot of contrast simulation and test
Fruit demarcates the simulation parameter of EDEM.
The typical model of coal particle is established in EDEM, as shown in Fig. 2, typical shape is divided into 3 classes, as shown in Fig. 2, tool
Body include blocky (filling of 4 ball particles shown in (a) of Fig. 2), sheet (filling of 6 ball particles shown in (b) of Fig. 2) and strip (Fig. 2's
(c) filling of 4 ball particles shown in), wherein the diameter of single ball particle is 25mm, the centre of sphere is away from 12.5mm.
Establish particle factory in EDEM, setting particle size distribution is 50~25mm, tri- kinds of 25~13mm, 13~6mm
Partial size section, every kind of partial size section proportion are determined according to screen experiments.Full-size and minimum dimension in every kind of particle section are set,
Partial size section endoparticle size random distribution.It is established in EDEM and tests identical model with physical parameter, model specifically includes object
The granular model of material and the geometrical model of experimental provision.As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, it is divided into the test of side wall collapsing method and gradient method test
Schematic diagram, wherein (a) is test schematic diagram, it is (b) simulation schematic diagram.Calibration obtains simulation parameter: quiet between material and material
Static friction between coefficient of friction 0.5, coefficient of rolling friction 0.06 and collision recovery coefficient 0.2 and material and wall surface material
Coefficient 0.75, coefficient of rolling friction 0.3 and collision recovery coefficient 0.3.
On the basis of calibrated simulation parameter is constant, the angle of repose for guaranteeing that side wall collapsing method measures is measured with gradient method
Inclination angle simulation result and experiment keep error within 5%, by the modulus of shearing of coal particle by 108Pa drop
To 106Pa, amplify 1.5 times of coal particle size to full size, optimization Simulation parameter substantially shortens the simulation calculation time.
It is illustrated in figure 5 rake teeth partial model, is made of stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire 1 and rake teeth, the rake teeth is by harrowing into rake teeth group 2 and raking
Rake teeth 3 forms, stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire 1 and unconventional round disk, but is tool arc disk (preferably radian is 90~120 degree), this reality
Applying is 90 degree in example, and only stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire is 1/4 size of whole disk, remaining structure snd size is identical as whole disk model.The stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire center of circle is
Material mouth 4 establishes the partial 3 d model (device diameters 20m) of rake teeth in SolidWorks, which is imported in EDEM, is adopted
It is calculated with the simulation parameter after optimization, while establishing the local experimental model of rake teeth (cost is about full experiment model
50%) Experimental comparison's research, the motion state of low-order coal and the stress feelings of rake teeth in analysis simulation result and experimental result, are carried out
Whether condition, the efficiency and accuracy for verifying simulation calculation meet engine request.
The motion state of low-order coal specifically includes motion profile, move distance, piling height and the appearance profile of low-order coal.
As shown in fig. 6, (a) is the low-order coal schematic diagram in experiment, (b) the particle schematic diagram in emulation.As shown in fig. 7, for when stablizing
Coal seam cross-sectional profiles schematic diagram.Motion state (experiment): by wrapping tinfoil to typical coal cinder in local experimental provision, and
In internal marking serial numbers, the coal cinder of label is placed into coal seam different location, measures its initial position (coordinate), stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire rotation, warp
Its final position (coordinate) is measured after crossing rake teeth effect, the move distance of label coal cinder can be obtained, photography is set above stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire
Machine records the motion profile of label coal cinder, can obtain the motion profile of label coal cinder；The piling height and appearance profile of coal be by
A large amount of point coordinate is taken in the outer surface of coal according to certain rule, and is drawn to obtain in CAD software.
Motion state (emulation): the position of marking particle can directly monitor start-stop coordinate, distance and the rail of particle in EDEM
Mark；Under final state, take it is multiple perpendicular to disk and pass through the section in the stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire center of circle, intercept form of the coal on each section,
Measure piling height and appearance profile.When the stress condition of rake teeth refers to that rake teeth pushes low-order coal movement, rake teeth is by low-order coal
Reaction force and torque.
Rake teeth stress (experiment): load cell is set in the position of locally experiment rake teeth installation, and real-time by screen
Pressure value is read, torque is calculated.
Rake teeth stress (emulation): the pressure in rake teeth face is directly monitored in EDEM, then calculates torque.
The engine request: the accuracy of simulation calculation refers to the result that simulation calculation obtains and the result pair that experiment obtains
Than consistent degree is 90% or more；The efficiency of simulation calculation refers to single example time-consuming at 2 days or so, and overall model calculates consumption
When about 10 days or so, project demands can be met.
If being unsatisfactory for engine request, repeat the optimization of discrete element software emulation parameter, until rake teeth localized mode
The efficiency and accuracy of type simulation calculation meet engine request；
If partial model calculating meets engine request, the complete three-dimensional model of rake teeth is established in SolidWorks.
The threedimensional model is imported into EDEM, simplifies zoning, is then calculated using the simulation parameter after verifying.
Simplify zoning and refer specifically to setting periodic boundary condition, since the coal in non-rake teeth region is opposite with stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire quiet
Only, it takes rake teeth region to be nearby used as zoning for 90 °, sees Fig. 8, boundary A, the B on both sides are as periodic boundary, from the side A
The coal of boundary's output directly enters stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire from the boundary B, and calculating time-consuming can reduce 60% or so after simplifying zoning.
Overall model is emulated, particle entrance is set by feed pipe 5, is set in simulation parameter and partial model emulation
It sets identical, calculates coal from feed pipe 5 and enter stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire 1, by rake into rake teeth group 2 and the effect of rake teeth group 3 of raking, from discharge port 4
The continuous process of discharge makes coal reach work on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire by adjusting design parameters such as the quantity of rake teeth, spacing, length, angles
Motion state desired by journey, finally obtained data are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 9.
Motion state desired by engineering: under the action of rake teeth, material fully enters next circle channel from a circle channel,
Material is moved by the desired track of engineering design, and material bed thickness held stationary, no circumferential recess, reflux and clogging
Occur.
The EDEM refers to discrete meta software.The SolidWorks is 3 d modeling software.
Table 1
Wherein, in upper table, R1-R6 is respectively to harrow to harrow into include six of rake teeth group 2 into rake teeth, and P1-P3 is rake teeth of raking
Three rake teeths of raking that group 3 includes.
The radial distance refers to road harrow tooth ends to the distance at stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire center.The spacing refers to the rake teeth to next rake
The vertical range of tooth.
The foregoing is merely a specific embodiments of the invention, but the present invention does not limit to this embodiment, according to this hair
Bright technical solution conceives made any equivalent replacement and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
1) physical parameter test is carried out to the bulk granular material of rake teeth effect, obtains the physical parameter of material；
2) it establishes the identical model with physical parameter test in discrete meta software to be emulated, contrast simulation and test result,
Calibrate discrete element software emulation input parameter；
3) under the premise of guaranteeing that simulation result and test result are consistent, optimization Simulation parameter, including reducing cutting for material particles
Shear modulu, amplification material particles moulded dimension；
4) calculating of rake teeth partial model is carried out using the simulation parameter after optimization, while the rake teeth part for establishing 1:1 size is real
Model is tested, Experimental comparison's research is carried out, the motion state and rake teeth of bulk granular material particle in analysis simulation result and experimental result
Stress condition, whether the accuracy for verifying simulation calculation meet engine request；
If 5) be unsatisfactory for engine request, repeat step 3) and 4), until rake teeth partial model simulation calculation is accurate
Property meets engine request；
6) calculating of rake teeth complete model is carried out using the simulation parameter after verifying in discrete meta software, simplifies zoning, mould
Intend under different harrow tooth structures and deployment scenarios, the motion state of material and the stress condition of rake teeth choose optimal rake teeth
Construction and arrangement design scheme, complete design；
The simplified zoning includes setting periodic boundary condition, refers specifically to be not affected by rake teeth work on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire when material
With, when opposing stationary with stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire, by the zoning of this part be arranged to periodic boundary condition not calculate, so as to improve meter
Calculate efficiency.
2. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1)
Physical parameter test particular content include material particle diameter distribution, typical shape, apparent relative density, angle of repose and material with
The measurement of the angle of friction of wall surface.
3. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2)
Test identical model with physical parameter and specifically include the granular model of material and the geometrical model of experimental rig.
4. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1-3, it is characterised in that:
Discrete element software emulation input parameter includes the modulus of shearing of material, the modulus of shearing of wall surface material, material and object in step 2)
Static friction system between material between confficient of static friction, coefficient of rolling friction and collision recovery coefficient and material and wall surface material
Number, coefficient of rolling friction and collision recovery coefficient.
5. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4)
The motion state of material specifically includes motion profile, move distance, piling height and the appearance profile of material；The rake teeth by
When power situation refers to that rake teeth pushes material movement, reaction force and torque of the rake teeth by material.
6. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that: step
4) experimental model of rake teeth part described in includes the rake teeth having on the stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire and stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire of arc disk.
7. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in step 4)
The radian of the arc disk is 90~120 degree.
8. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 5)
Accuracy refer to emulation and experiment in material motion state and rake teeth stress condition consistent degree, pass through comparison material
Circumferential grooves width in motion process, material radial motion distance, the method for material accumulation height parameter are realized, according to work
Journey needs, and controls in 80% or more accuracy rating.
9. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 6)
Rake teeth complete model include stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire, the rake teeth on stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire and continuous feed and discharging device.
10. a kind of rake teeth design method based on discrete element method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 6)
Middle harrow tooth structure and layout design specifically include the quantity, spacing, the design of length and angle of rake teeth.
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