CN106533404B - A kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit - Google Patents
A kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
- H03K7/08—Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuits, including system clock module, counter module, Rom module and random triangular carrier processing module；System clock module is used for clock signal of system；Counter module is used to be exported according to real time system clock signal and count；Rom module is used to be counted as address with described, takes out the random data Δ of storagei, and by the random data ΔiIt is sent to random triangular carrier processing module；Random triangular carrier processing module is used for according to the random data ΔiIt generates random triangular carrier and exports to modulation main circuit.The present invention can be in the case where not changing pulsewidth modulation main circuit topology, electromagnetic interference inside electric system is reduced from source, reduces mechanical oscillation and noise, effectively to solve the problems, such as that the vibration noise of electromagnetic interference problem and exterior inside electric system provides new approach；Vibration and noise reducing reduces filtering and vibration damping cost, has saved system resource independent of optional equipment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power electronics fields, specifically, refer to a kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution arteries and veins
Wide modulation circuit.
Background technique
In power electronic technique, the fixed pulse modulation technology of carrier frequency has been widely used.The technology is based on volt
The second balance principle of equal effects, determines duty ratio by control switch device on-off to modulate different wave, but its output voltage
It is very extensive to the harm of electric system there are the biggish harmonic wave of amplitude at carrier frequency and its frequency multiplication: in system, this
A little harmonic waves are main electromagnetic interference sources, and harmonic wave reduces the electromagnetic compatibility quality of system, even be will affect in system when serious
The normal operation of other devices and equipment；For load, harmonic wave can cause undesirable loss, generate mechanical oscillation and air
Noise；Naval vessel can be tracked and be identified, as a result, harmonic wave using harmonic spectrum as target signature in field of target recognition
Presence also will affect the Stealth Fighter on naval vessel.
With the fast development of power electronic technique, existing lot of documents is deposited for fixed carrier frequency pulse width modulated technology
The above problem propose different solutions: researcher starts with from modulator approach itself, to pulse modulation technology
It improves；Or start with from exterior, filtering, dampening apparatus are passively added, to reduce harmonic wave influence, reaches reduction electromagnetism
The purpose of noise, is eliminated in interference.These methods there are the shortcomings that also very obvious, such as particular harmonic elimination approach: when power becomes
When the topological structure of parallel operation is not identical, corresponding pulse width modulation controlled rule is not just identical, at this point, about the non-thread of Harmonics elimination
Property equation must recalculate --- and prioritization scheme when this method is applied just for specific main circuit topology has no pervasive valence
Value, and the calculating of the nonlinear equation of particular harmonic elimination approach is also extremely complex, mostly uses offline look-up table, needs big
Tables of data；And additional filtering dampening apparatus typically takes up certain space, increases weight of equipment.It is limited for space and load-carrying
Many military hardwares of system, this is not undoubtedly ideal solution.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the non-inverting output voltages fixed for carrier frequency at carrier frequency and its frequency multiplication
A kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit that there are problems that the biggish harmonic wave of amplitude, and propose, reaches
Disperse the purpose of harmonic energy；At the same time, the percent harmonic distortion THD of output voltage is remained unchanged.
To achieve the above object, a kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit designed by the present invention,
It is characterized in that, including system clock module, counter module, Rom module and random triangular carrier processing module；
The system clock module is used for clock signal of system；
The counter module is used to be exported according to real time system clock signal and count；
The Rom module is used to be counted as address with described, takes out the random data Δ of storagei, and by the random number
According to ΔiIt is sent to random triangular carrier processing module；
The random triangular carrier processing module is used for according to the random data ΔiIt generates random triangular carrier and exports
To modulation main circuit.
Further, the pulse-width modulation circuit is realized based on FPGA.Random data ΔiIt is stored in FPGA, is solved existing
Have in research and generates random carrier wave sequence in real time operand is caused to bear excessive problem；Meanwhile this measure can also guarantee
The real-time performance of random triangular carrier pulsewidth modulation.
Further, the random data ΔiBy random the triangular carrier cycle TiWith the output dominant frequency of system clock module
F is determined.Random the triangular carrier cycle T as a result,iRange can control in advance, avoid due to random reference carrier frequency is excessively high
Cause to be lost it is excessive, can also be to avoid the problem for causing mechanical oscillation too strong because switching frequency is too low.
Further, the random triangular carrier processing module is according to the random data ΔiValue judgement output it is high
Pulse or low pulse.This process only needs FPGA can be realized, and avoiding will need to combine FPGA and DSP in existing research
The shortcomings that just can be carried out investigation of random PWM.
The principle of the present invention is as follows: firstly, the angle being distributed from frequency domain harmonic is to random carried based PWM technology
Output voltage has carried out theory deduction in the principle that frequency domain self-energy is dispersed.The main circuit topology of single-phase full bridge formula frequency converter is as schemed
Shown in 1, by taking sinusoidal pulse width modulation as an example, sinusoidal signal is modulated by the carrier wave of fixed frequency.Wherein, UCFor frequency
Fixed carrier signal, USIt is sinewave modulation signal；As first switch S1With the 4th switch S4When conducting, output voltage UABFor+
U/2, as second switch S2With third switch S3When conducting, output voltage UABFor-U/2；And work as first switch S1With second switch S2
Conducting or third switch S3With the 4th switch S4When conducting, output voltage UABIt is 0；The width ratio of change+U/2 and-U/2, can
It is shown to obtain desired sinusoidal pulse width modulation output voltage such as (a).
Secondly, when using algorithm of average symmetric regular sampling, the partial enlarged view such as (b) of fixed carrier frequency sine pulsewidth modulation
Shown, partial enlarged view when with symmetric regular-sampled is such as shown in (c)；U is DC terminal input voltage in Fig. 1；Pulse width W by
Pulse center point ωsT=0 moment (ωsIt is sampling angular frequency, t is the time) sample obtained sinusoidal modulation signal US=acos
ω0t(ω0Fundamental frequency angular frequency, a is modulation depth) numerical value determine that and corresponding pulses are symmetrical centered on sampled point,
It can obtain:
Wherein UAFor the voltage of A point in Fig. 1, θ 1, θ 2, θ 3, θ 4 are respectively θ=ωsPi/2, π, 3/2 π, 2 π, tetra- differences in t
The angle value at moment；
It is rightMake Fourier expansion, available following formula:
an、bnThe coefficient after Fourier expansion is respectively carried out, wherein a0=acos ω0(a is modulation depth, ω to t0
For fundamental wave frequency, n is natural number)；As it can be seen that working as ω0When fixed, first item acos ω in formula (1) right side0T value also determines, i.e.,
First item is direct current component, and Section 2 changes with the variation of carrier frequency, is harmonic components；Utilize first kind Bezier letter
The harmonic components H of several pairs of Section 2 is analyzed, and can be obtained:
Wherein, JkFor Bessel function of the first kind (work as l=1, when 3 ..., n=2,4 ...；L=0, when 2 ..., n=1,
3 ...；K=1,2 ...).
About subtract the sinusoidal pulse width modulation output harmonic wave amplitude A as a result, fixed carrier frequency according to (2) are as follows:
A=(4U/n π) × Jk(anπ/2) (3)
Meanwhile it can be in the hope of the percent harmonic distortion (THD) of output voltage are as follows:
For single-phase main circuit for, when IGBT module 3 be connected when, inevitable first switch S1With the 4th switch S4Or
It is second switch S2With third switch S3It simultaneously turns on, that is, has A and B current potential on the contrary, therefore, output voltage UAB=UA-UB=U, base
Wave and harmonic amplitude will be formulas (1), twice of calculated result in (2).When modulated signal is sinusoidal signal, carrier signal is carrier wave
When, above-mentioned formula has derived the harmonic wave about single-phase non-inverting output voltage, it is known that:
(1) it is directed to fundamental wave part ω0, amplitude aU；
(2) it is directed to harmonic n ωs+kω0, amplitude is (4U/n π) × Jk(anπ/2)；
(3) fundamental voltage amplitude is only related to modulation depth a；
(4) THD of output voltage is only related to modulation depth.
Based on above-mentioned analysis it is found that Section 2 is harmonic components on the right side of formula (1).Due to cos (n ωsT) Fourier
It is transformed to unit impulse function:
And definite value part is convolution in frequency domain in unit impulse function and formula (1), according to unit impulse function in frequency domain
Known to interior characteristic: the convolution of any function and unit impulse function is to function the moving in frequency domain in frequency domain.I.e.
Know, for the n value of the pulse modulation technology of fixed carrier frequency each time, the harmonic components of formula (1) Section 2 are in frequency
Distribution calculating in domain can be considered it at carrier frequency and its multiple frequency to (4/n π) sin [(n pi/2) sin (ω0t)+(n
Pi/2)] amplitude moves after Fourier transformation；For the Harmonics Calculation of all n values in frequency domain, it is equivalent to same carrier wave
Different subharmonic are distributed at carrier wave and its multiple frequency, and for different frequency ns, the spectral magnitude of harmonic wave also will be
It is overlapped at carrier wave and its multiple frequency.
With same topological structure, as long as will modulate main circuit importation the random triangle carrier signal of triangular carrier
Replacement can obtain the expression formula of similar formula (2).The triangular carrier frequency of random distribution is introduced, available formula:
Wherein, the mean value of random triangular carrier frequency is fav, the angle change as caused by random triangular carrier frequency is by frequency
2 π nf caused by rate mean valueavPart is formed with real-time angular difference portion φ (t).At this point, triangular carrier slope pulsewidth modulation skill
The schematic diagram of art is as shown.Randomly change triangular carrier slope, then triangular carrier slope random distribution pulsewidth modulation is equivalent to
Increase the carrier frequency of several random distributions within the regular hour.
Therefore, main circuit topology analysis convolution (7) of single-phase full bridge formula frequency converter can be random to triangular carrier slope
Respective formula derivation is done in distribution pulsewidth modulation, and the harmonic wave for being similarly capable of obtaining triangular carrier slope random distribution pulsewidth modulation is special
Property:
(1) do not include random carrier frequency in fundametal compoment, do not change with carrier wave, fundamental wave frequency domain amplitude does not change；
(2) the random carrier frequency for changing carrier wave carrier frequency mean value and being equal to fixed carrier frequency pulse width modulated；Carrier wave
Frequency accidental changes, then spacing can reduce between frequency spectrum spectral line, such reduction is led because of the number variation of carrier frequency
Cause, not single carrier wave frequency value increase or switching frequency variation and cause；
(3) what the pulsewidth modulation of carrier wave slope random distribution was done is not the total decibels of reduction noise, but will be originally
The biggish harmonic wave of amplitude is moved, and achievees the purpose that disperse harmonic energy；At the same time, percent harmonic distortion THD is constant.
The design triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit is by set random number in random carrier processing
The random carrier frequency that module generates, is equivalent to the carrier frequency for increasing several random distributions within the regular hour, so that
Originally harmonic amplitude at carrier wave and its frequency multiplication is concentrated on to be suppressed, and with output voltage when fixed carrier pulsewidth modulation
Percent harmonic distortion THD is consistent substantially, significantly improves power quality.
The present invention has the advantages that can be reduced from source in the case where not changing pulsewidth modulation main circuit topology
Electromagnetic interference, reduction mechanical oscillation and noise inside electric system, effectively to solve the electromagnetic interference problem inside electric system
New approach is provided with the vibration noise problem of exterior；Vibration and noise reducing independent of optional equipment, reduce filtering and
Vibration damping cost, has saved system resource.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main circuit topology figure of single-phase full bridge formula frequency converter；
Fig. 2 a is sinusoidal pulse width modulation output voltage waveform；
Fig. 2 b is fixed carrier frequency sine pwm voltage waveform diagram；
Fig. 2 c is fixed carrier frequency sine pwm voltage waveform diagram；
Fig. 3 is triangular carrier slope pwm voltage waveform diagram；
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural block diagram of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of random triangular carrier processing module processing in Fig. 1；
Fig. 6 is the output pulse of random triangular carrier processing module in Fig. 1；
Fig. 7 is triangular carrier slope random distribution non-inverting output voltage waveform frequency spectrum and frequency spectrum profile；
Fig. 8 is the non-inverting output voltage waveform and frequency spectrum profile of fixed carrier frequency.
In figure: system clock module 1-1, counter module 1-2, Rom module 1-3 and random triangular carrier processing module 1-
4, adjust main circuit 2, IGBT module 3.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 4, a kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit of the present invention, is realized by FPGA, wrap
Include system clock module 1-1, counter module 1-2, Rom module 1-3 and random triangular carrier processing module 1-4.System clock
Module 1-1 exports dominant frequency f (such as when 50MHz, system counts minimum time is 0.02 microsecond), counter module 1-2, Rom mould
The clock of block 1-3 and random carrier processing module 1-4 are connected with system clock 1-1, when counter module 1-2 receives system
The clock signal of system that clock module 1-1 is issued is counted, and is exported and counted up to Rom module 1-3, Rom module 1-3 to be counted as
Deposited random data is taken out from Rom, and random data is sent to random carrier processing module 1-4 in address.
As needed, it generates random number and is stored in Rom module 1-3, random number is generated in random carrier processing module 1-4
Random carrier frequency fi(corresponding random carrier cycle is Ti) average value fav(n is random variable number, fiFor i-th of carrier wave
Frequency) it will be with the frequency f when pulsewidth modulation of fixed carrier frequencycIt is equal to guarantee on-off times phase at the same time
Deng that is, switching loss is constant (raw in 0.02 second for example, when fundamental frequency is 50Hz, fixed carrier frequency is 5KHz pulsewidth modulation
At random carrier wave be 100, this 100 random carrier frequency average values are necessary for 5KHz).
The method for realizing the random distribution pulsewidth modulation of triangular carrier slope using the present invention, is the carrier wave by fixed frequency
The process that random triangular carrier is modulated.Wherein the production method of random triangular carrier includes the following steps:
1) random triangular carrier average frequency value f is setav, random triangular carrier number n, then random triangular carrier frequency be
fi, i=1~n, corresponding random the triangular carrier cycle is Ti, i=1~n, in triangular carrier slope random distribution pwm period
Between, i is from 1 to n automatic cycle；
2) all random data Δs are calculatedi, Δi=Ti/ (1/f), and find out least random data ΔminWith largest random number
According to Δmax, f is output dominant frequency；
3) when i is odd number, odd number Rule of judgment Δ is setcInitial value beΔmin, step 4) is executed, when i is even number
When, set even number Rule of judgment Δc’Initial value be Δmax, execute step 5)；
4) Δ is enabledc=Δmin+Δi, and compare ΔcWhether Δ is greater thanmax, it is to export high impulse and return step 1), it is no
Then recycle this step；
5) Δ is enabledc’=Δmax-Δi, and compare Δc’Whether Δ is less thanmin, it is to export high impulse and return step 1), it is no
Then recycle this step.
In random carrier processing module 1-4, according to the random the triangular carrier cycle T stored in Rom module 1-3iTo generate
Random triangular carrier frequency fiAnd it exports to modulation main circuit 2.The process flow diagram of single random carrier wave is as shown in Figure 5.By TiTurn
It is changed to random data ΔiLater, cumulative or regressive, odd number are carried out according to the digital i judgement of counting module 1-3 output and judges item
Part ΔcWith even number Rule of judgment Δc’According to the random data Δ of selectioniAnd determine least random data ΔminWith largest random number
According to Δmax(Δmax、ΔminMaximin when respectively being counted)；The duration of high/low pulse is exported by circulation
Each secondary odd number Rule of judgment ΔcWith even number Rule of judgment Δc’With ΔmaxOr ΔminMultilevel iudge determines, according to voltage-second balance principle
Know that the high impulse generated is equivalent to the triangular carrier that slope in Fig. 3 changes at random.
For example, when in 0.02 second being random variable number n=100, random carrier frequency average value fav=5KHz, at random
The cycle T of carrier waveiRange is 0 to 0.02 second (undesirable end value), FPGA dominant frequency f=50MHz, ΔmaxIt is 24990000, Δmin
It is 5000.
It is assumed that taking out the 5th random carrier cycle T5Value is 0.00002296 second, obtains Δ after quantifiediIt is 1148, at this time
I is odd number, ΔcInitial value be set as Δmin(For 5000), ΔcIt adds up, often accumulates once i.e. and Δmax(for
24990000) compare, work as ΔcLess than ΔmaxWhen, export low pulse；Conversely, working as cumulative number ΔcGreater than ΔmaxWhen, stop adding up,
And export high impulse.
It is assumed that taking out the 6th random carrier cycle T6Value is 0.00002296 second, obtains Δ after quantifiediIt is 1148, at this time
I is even number, ΔcInitial value be set as Δ max (for 24990000), ΔcCarry out regressive, every regressive once i.e. and Δmin(for
5000) compare, work as ΔcGreater than ΔminWhen, export low pulse；Conversely, working as regressive number ΔcLess than ΔminWhen, stop regressive, and defeated
High impulse out.
Take random carrier frequency average value fav=5KHz, when being random variable number n=100 in 0.02 second, FPGA dominant frequency f
=50MHz；The counting for being 50MHz by the continuous sending cycle of system clock 1-1 is sent to counter module 1-2, storage random number
Rom module 1-3 and random carrier processing module 1-4, Rom module 1-3 according to count take out storage random carrier cycle
TiAnd random carrier processing module 1-4 is passed to, random carrier processing module 1-4 finally exports pulse to modulation main module 2, such as
Shown in Fig. 6.
Modulated signal is set as the sine wave that frequency is 50Hz, DC voltage source U=300V, resistance sense load is respectively 1
Ω and 2mH, modulation depth a are set as 0.8, fundamental frequency f0It is set as 50Hz, carrier frequency is set as 200 times of fundamental frequency, triangle
The PWM submodule of carrier wave slope random distribution pulsewidth modulation is then equivalent to 100 mean values of addition within a duplicate time
(repetition time is equal to the fixed carrier week in fixed carrier frequency pulse width modulated technology to the random distribution carrier frequency of 10KHz
Phase), thus obtained triangular carrier slope random distribution non-inverting output voltage waveform frequency spectrum and spectrum distribution such as Fig. 7 institute
Show；And main circuit is identical, the non-inverting output voltage waveform and spectrum distribution of fixed carrier frequency are as shown in Figure 8.
It can be seen that in a cycle through fft analysis, width at triangular carrier slope random distribution pulsewidth modulation fundamental frequency
Value is as the amplitude of fixed carrier pulsewidth modulation, and the harmonic amplitude concentrated at carrier wave and its frequency multiplication originally is pressed down
System, does not have the frequency point of harmonic amplitude some harmonic spectrum values occur in fixed carrier non-inverting output voltage spectrum yet；
At the same time, it can be seen that the THD of output voltage is 146.05%, keeps one substantially with THD when fixed carrier pulsewidth modulation
It causes；Maximum single harmonic amplitude is only 17.62, has dropped 84.82% when compared to fixed carrier pulsewidth modulation, it was demonstrated that carrier wave is oblique
Harmonic spectrum value can be distributed without changing THD value by the pulsewidth modulation of rate random distribution in wide range.Triangular carrier
Slope random distribution pulse modulation technology significantly improves power quality.
Besides these examples, the present invention can also have other ways of realization, all to be formed using equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Scheme, in the protection scope for all falling within this patent requirement.
The content being not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit, it is characterised in that: including system clock module (1-1),
Counter module (1-2), Rom module (1-3) and random triangular carrier processing module (1-4)；
The system clock module (1-1) is used for clock signal of system；
The counter module (1-2) is used to be exported according to real time system clock signal and count；
The Rom module (1-3) is used to be counted as address with described, takes out the random data Δ of storagei, and by the random number
According to ΔiIt is sent to random triangular carrier processing module (1-4)；The random data ΔiBy random the triangular carrier cycle TiAnd system
The output dominant frequency f of clock module (1-1) is determined；
The random triangular carrier processing module (1-4) is used for according to the random data ΔiIt generates random triangular carrier and exports
To modulation main circuit (2)；The pulse-width modulation circuit (1) is realized based on FPGA.
2. a kind of triangular carrier slope random distribution pulse-width modulation circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Random triangular carrier processing module (1-4) is according to the random data ΔiValue judgement output high impulse or low pulse.
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| CN106849832A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-13 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | The method for noise reduction control and device of electric machine control system and its frequency converter |
| CN108964640B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-11-16 | 吉林省博安消防设备有限公司 | Variable frequency triangular carrier generator and active power filter based on carrier period modulation technology |
| CN109660302B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2021-08-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Radio frequency pulse width modulator based on digital delay line unit and modulation method |
| CN109981025B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-01-05 | 北京工业大学 | Motor control method for random modulation of irregular carrier slope |
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