CN106531999A - Embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nanorod composite electrode material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nanorod composite electrode material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106531999A CN106531999A CN201611055561.7A CN201611055561A CN106531999A CN 106531999 A CN106531999 A CN 106531999A CN 201611055561 A CN201611055561 A CN 201611055561A CN 106531999 A CN106531999 A CN 106531999A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to an embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nanorod compound and a preparation method thereof. Cobalt sulfide nanoparticles are embedded in a porous carbon nanorod, the porous carbon nanorod is of a one-dimensional porous rod-like structure, the sizes of the cobalt sulfide nanoparticles are 5 to 10 nm, the length of the porous carbon nanorod is 2 microns, and the diameter of the porous carbon nanorod is 200 nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) dissolving a cobalt salt soluble in organic solvents into an organic solvent, adding a ligand, and stirring to form a transparent solution; 2) transferring into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction still, heating for reacting, and cooling to obtain a solution containing a cobalt metal organic skeleton compound; 3) carrying out filtering, washing and vacuum drying treatment on the solution in sequence so as to obtain Co-MOF powder; and 4) carrying out grinding and mixing on the powder and sublimed sulfur in a certain proportion, and calcining to obtain a target product. The compound has the advantages that the rate capability of the material is improved, and the compound still can show relatively high specific capacity and good cycle performance under large current density.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nano material and technical field of electrochemistry, and in particular to a kind of embedded cobalt sulfide is received with porous carbon
Rice rod complex and preparation method thereof, the material can be used as the long-life anode material of lithium-ion battery of high magnification.
Background technology
In recent years, lithium ion battery is widely used to the fields such as digital product, health care, electrochemical energy storage.But,
Content of the lithium resource in the earth's crust is less than 20ppm and is mainly distributed on South America, it is difficult to meet the growing demand of the mankind.Phase
Than, for lithium, sodium distribution of resource is more extensive, the cost of sodium salt is lower, is conducive to sustainable development and environmental friendliness.Cause
This, sodium-ion battery is considered as a kind of energy storage system most with prospects.Negative material is used as the important of sodium-ion battery
Ingredient, the contribution to battery performance play vital effect.However, as sodium ion radius is larger, can occur
The negative material of sodium ion deintercalation reaction is considerably less than lithium ion.
At present, graphite is used as business-like lithium ion battery negative material, but which can only be in the ethers electricity in addition to cyclic ethers
There is sodium ion deintercalation reaction in solution liquid.Although with high rate performance preferably, capacity only has 100mAh g for its circulation-1.Hard carbon can
So that the embedding sodium of its defect sturcture is utilized in esters electrolyte, capacity is up to 300mAh g-1Left and right, but its cycle performance is general.Si
Sill in lithium ion battery also by wide coverage, but its almost no capacity in sodium-ion battery.Sn bases, Sb base materials
There is alloying reaction in material, it usually needs be combined to suppress volumetric expansion to obtain good property with the material with carbon element of high-load
Energy.Compared with Intercalation material, the negative material of transformant because with high specific capacity, especially sulfide negative material, into
For the study hotspot of people.
There is change in volume in the general character of transformant electrode material, i.e. charge and discharge process as sodium cell negative pole material in cobalt sulfide
Cause efflorescence and electrical conductivity loss.These will cause the part irreversible capacity loss of electrode material, capacity rapid attenuation with
And poor high rate performance.The electric conductivity that can be lifted to a certain extent during material circulation compound with Graphene, nanorize
The utilization rate and specific capacity of material can be lifted.But the Graphene for introducing is used as two-dimension plane structure, it is difficult to coat completely
Active cobalt sulfide material.In addition, simple its load form causes material to come off from collector during repeated charge and send out
Green material is reunited, and can so cause a large amount of losses of active material.Obtain nanometer cobalt sulfide by way of in situ preparation simultaneously
Active material can effectively alleviate the problems referred to above with the Embedded composite construction of porous carbon.Wherein, nanorize and loose structure
Increase material and electrolyte contacts area, shorten ion deinsertion distance, realize the high power charging-discharging of material；Embedded structure
Fixed avtive spot position, effectively prevents reunion and the obscission of material in charge and discharge process, improves the circulation of material
Stability.However, up to the present, the preparation and its electricity with regard to embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material
Chemical property research has not been reported.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of embedded cobalt sulfide is combined with porous carbon nano rod
Electrode material and preparation method thereof and, its have less nano-particle composition, larger specific surface area, embedded porous knot
Structure, is conducive to improving the chemical property of material；It is the preparation method process is simple, easy to implement, be conducive to popularization and application, can have
Effect improves the chemical property of cobalt sulfide negative material sode cell.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that adopted of above-mentioned technical problem：Embedded cobalt sulfide is multiple with porous carbon nano rod
Composite electrode material, which is that sulfuration cobalt nano-particle is embedded on porous carbon nano rod, and has one-dimensional porous club shaped structure, described
Cobalt sulfide nanoparticle size is 5-10nm, and porous carbon nanorod length is 1-2 μm, a diameter of 100-300nm.
The preparation method of described embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, it is characterised in that step
It is as follows：
1) cobalt salt for dissolving in organic solvent is dissolved in into organic solvent, is subsequently adding different parts, be stirred well to complete
Portion dissolves, and forms clear solution；
2) by step 1) resulting solution is transferred in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, carries out heated constant temperature reaction, be cooled to room temperature,
Obtain the solution containing cobalt metal organic framework compound (Co-MOF)；
3) by step 2) solution sequentially pass through filtration, washing and vacuum drying treatment, obtain Co-MOF powder；
4) by step 3) obtained by powder be ground with Sublimed Sulfur according to a certain percentage and mix, calcining is obtained target
Product.
By such scheme, the salt for dissolving in organic solvent is the sulfate of cobalt, the chloride of cobalt, the nitrate of cobalt,
The perchlorate of the acetate or cobalt of cobalt.
By such scheme, the organic solvent is dehydrated alcohol, deionized water, one or several the mixing in DMF.
By such scheme, the part is trimesic acid, 4,4'- bipyridyls, p-phthalic acid, 4,4'- biphenyl dicarboxyls
One or several mixing in acid, carbamide.
By such scheme, the cobalt salt is 1 with the mol ratio of part：1～1.2.
By such scheme, the temperature of the heated constant temperature reaction is 80～150 DEG C, and the response time is 4h～72h.
By such scheme, the Co-MOF powder is 1 with the mol ratio of Sublimed Sulfur：0.5～1.5.
By such scheme, the calcining heat is 500～900 DEG C, and calcination time is 60～180min, and calcination atmosphere is stream
Logical argon or vacuum.
Described embedded cobalt sulfide is with porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material as sodium-ion battery negative electrode active material
The application of material.
It is an advantage of the invention that：Embedded cobalt sulfide is prepared by the method for being carbonized and vulcanizing in situ simultaneously to receive with porous carbon
Rice rod combination electrode material, as the grain size of cobalt sulfide is little and the loose structure of carbon nano rod so that composite has
There is larger specific surface area, it is possible to increase the contact area of active substance and electrolyte, while less sulfuration cobalt nano-particle can
Shorten sodium ion the evolving path, so as to improve the high rate performance of material.Especially Embedded composite construction, effectively can suppress
The reunion of nano-active material with come off, be conducive to lifted stock utilization, material is still showed under high current density
Go out higher specific capacity and good cycle performance, be expected to scale and apply on electrokinetic cell of new generation；The preparation method work
Skill is simple, easy to implement, is conducive to popularization and application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure of the embedded cobalt sulfide with porous carbon nano rod complex of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the embedded cobalt sulfide of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and the transmission electron microscope picture of porous carbon nano rod complex and unit
Plain scattergram；
Fig. 3 is the embedded cobalt sulfide of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of porous carbon nano rod complex and thoroughly
Penetrate electron microscope；
Fig. 4 be Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod complex as sodium from
Cycle performance of battery figure during sub- battery cathode under 1.0A/g electric current densities；
Fig. 5 be Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod complex as sodium from
High rate performance figure during sub- battery cathode；
Fig. 6 be Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod complex as sodium from
AC impedance spectroscopy during sub- battery cathode.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, present disclosure is further elucidated with reference to embodiment, but the present invention
Content is not limited solely to the following examples.
Embodiment 1：
4mmol cabaltous nitrate hexahydrates are dissolved in into 60mL DMF, 4mmol trimesic acids, 2mmol 4,4'- connection pyrrole is added
Pyridine, is stirred well to whole dissolvings, is then transferred in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, heats 4h, be cooled to room temperature at 120 DEG C
Afterwards, the solution containing cobalt metal organic framework compound (Co-MOF) is obtained, filtration washing is vacuum dried 12h in 60 DEG C.By sample
Product and Sublimed Sulfur are according to 1:0.8 ratio ground and mixed, in tube furnace, under vacuum atmosphere, 700 DEG C of calcining 2h obtain target product.
By taking the embedded cobalt sulfide of the present embodiment product with porous carbon nano rod complex (7-CoS/C) as an example, its structure is by X
X ray diffraction (XRD) collection of illustrative plates determines.XRD spectrum such as Fig. 1 shows that embedded cobalt sulfide is pure with porous carbon nano rod complex
The cobalt sulfide (JCPDS card numbers are 65-8977) of phase.As shown in the transmission electron microscope picture of Fig. 2, the complex has one-dimensional porous rod
Shape structure, sulfuration cobalt nano-particle average-size are 7nm, and porous carbon nanorod length is 2 μm, a diameter of 200nm.By element point
Butut can be seen that cobalt, sulfur, three kinds of elements of carbon are uniformly distributed on carbon nano rod.
Positive pole that sode cell is made up of embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, metallic sodium negative pole,
Barrier film and electrolyte composition, the embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod anode composite include electrode material, conductive agent and
Binding agent, wherein conductive agent are activated carbon, and binding agent is Kynoar or politef, embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon
The mass ratio of nanometer rods combination electrode material, conductive agent and binding agent is 8:1:1；The sode cell be button cell, its diameter
20mm and 3.2mm is respectively with thickness.
Using embedded cobalt sulfide manufactured in the present embodiment with porous carbon nano rod complex as sodium-ion battery negative pole material
During material, as shown in figure 4, illustrating excellent cyclical stability.It is 1Ag in electric current density-1When, circulation 2000 times after capacity still
542mAh g can be maintained at-1.As shown in figure 5, its excellent high rate performance is presented, in 40A g-1Electric current density under, it is reversible
Capacity still has 362mAh g-1.Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 6, the embedded sulfuration that ac impedance spectroscopy is obtained under the conditions of can obtaining this
No matter the Charge-transfer resistance of cobalt and porous carbon nano rod complex in original state or after circulating 50 times is all smaller.These
The embedded cobalt sulfide obtained under the conditions of all showing this has excellent high rate capability and length with porous carbon nano rod complex
Cycle life, is a kind of potential high-performance anode material of lithium-ion battery.
Embodiment 2：
4mmol cabaltous nitrate hexahydrates are dissolved in into 60mL DMF, 4mmol trimesic acids, 2mmol 4,4'- connection pyrrole is added
Pyridine, is stirred well to whole dissolvings, is then transferred in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, heats 4h, be cooled to room temperature at 120 DEG C
Afterwards, the solution containing cobalt metal organic framework compound (Co-MOF) is obtained, filtration washing is vacuum dried 12h at 60 DEG C.Will
Sample and Sublimed Sulfur are according to 1:0.8 ratio ground and mixed, in tube furnace, under vacuum atmosphere, 800 DEG C of calcining 2h obtain target product
Thing.
By taking the embedded cobalt sulfide of the present embodiment product with porous carbon nano rod complex (18.5-CoS/C) as an example, its structure
Determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) collection of illustrative plates.As the XRD spectrum of Fig. 1 shows, embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod complex
Cobalt sulfide for pure phase (JCPDS card numbers are 65-8977).But its half-peak breadth is smaller, show that its crystallite dimension is larger.Fig. 3
For embedded cobalt sulfide and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph and transmission electron microscope picture of porous carbon nano rod complex (18.5-CoS/C), show in figure
Show：Substantially become big according to sample nano-particle prepared by 2 methods described of embodiment.
Using embedded cobalt sulfide manufactured in the present embodiment with porous carbon nano rod complex as sodium-ion battery negative pole material
During material, as shown in figure 4, being 1A g in electric current density-1When, front 300 circle capacity continuous decrement is stable in 310mAh g afterwards-1。
As shown in figure 5,18.5-CoS/C capacity under each multiplying power is shown compared with low capacity, in 40A g-1Electric current density under, can
Inverse capacity only has 200mAh g-1.Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 6, the embedded sulfuration that ac impedance spectroscopy is obtained under the conditions of can obtaining this
No matter the Charge-transfer resistance of cobalt and porous carbon nano rod complex in original state or after circulating 50 times is all than larger.
Embodiment 3：
4mmol cobaltous perchlorates are dissolved in into 60mL DMF, 4mmol trimesic acids are added, 2mmol 4,4'- bipyridyls fill
Divide stirring to whole dissolvings, be then transferred in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, 4h heated at 120 DEG C, after being cooled to room temperature, obtain
Solution containing cobalt metal organic framework compound (Co-MOF), filtration washing are vacuum dried 12h at 60 DEG C.By sample with
Sublimed Sulfur is according to 1:1.2 ratio ground and mixeds, in tube furnace, under vacuum atmosphere, 700 DEG C of calcining 2h obtain target product.
Embodiment 4：
4mmol cobaltous chlorides are dissolved in into 60mL DMF, 4mmol trimesic acids are added, 2mmol 4,4'- bipyridyls, fully
Stir to whole dissolvings, be then transferred in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, 4h is heated at 120 DEG C, after being cooled to room temperature, contained
There is the solution of cobalt metal organic framework compound (Co-MOF), filtration washing is vacuum dried 12h at 60 DEG C.By sample and liter
Magnificent sulfur is according to 1:1.2 ratio ground and mixeds, in tube furnace, under vacuum atmosphere, 800 DEG C of calcining 2h obtain target product.
Embodiment 5：
4mmol cabaltous nitrate hexahydrates are dissolved in into 60mL DMF, 4mmol trimesic acids are added, are stirred well to all molten
Solution, is then transferred in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, heats 24h at 80 DEG C, after being cooled to room temperature, obtain organic containing cobalt metal
The solution of framework compound (Co-MOF), filtration washing are vacuum dried 12h at 60 DEG C.By sample and Sublimed Sulfur according to 1:1 ratio
Example ground and mixed, in tube furnace, under vacuum atmosphere, 500 DEG C of calcining 3h obtain target product.
Claims (10)
1. embedded cobalt sulfide and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, which is the embedded porous carbon nanometer of sulfuration cobalt nano-particle
On rod, and there is one-dimensional porous club shaped structure, described cobalt sulfide nanoparticle size is 5-10nm, porous carbon nanorod length
For 1-2 μm, a diameter of 100-300nm.
2. the preparation method of the embedded cobalt sulfide described in claim 1 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its feature
It is that step is as follows：
1) cobalt salt for dissolving in organic solvent is dissolved in into organic solvent, is subsequently adding different parts, be stirred well to all molten
Solution, forms clear solution；
2) by step 1) resulting solution is transferred in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, carries out heated constant temperature reaction, be cooled to room temperature, obtain
Solution containing cobalt metal organic framework compound (Co-MOF)；
3) by step 2) solution sequentially pass through filtration, washing and vacuum drying treatment, obtain Co-MOF powder；
4) by step 3) obtained by powder be ground with Sublimed Sulfur according to a certain percentage and mix, calcining is obtained target product
Thing.
3. the preparation method of embedded cobalt sulfide according to claim 2 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its
It is characterised by：The salt for dissolving in organic solvent is the sulfate of cobalt, the chloride of cobalt, the nitrate of cobalt, the acetate of cobalt
Or the perchlorate of cobalt.
4. the preparation method of embedded cobalt sulfide according to claim 2 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its
It is characterised by：The organic solvent is dehydrated alcohol, deionized water, one or several the mixing in DMF.
5. the preparation method of embedded cobalt sulfide according to claim 2 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its
It is characterised by：The part be trimesic acid, 4,4'- bipyridyls, p-phthalic acid, 4,4'- diphenyl dicarboxylic acids, in carbamide
One or several mixing.
6. the preparation method of embedded cobalt sulfide according to claim 2 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its
It is characterised by：The cobalt salt is 1 with the mol ratio of part：1～1.2.
7. the preparation method of embedded cobalt sulfide according to claim 2 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its
It is characterised by：The temperature of the heated constant temperature reaction is 80～150 DEG C, and the response time is 4h～72h.
8. the preparation method of embedded cobalt sulfide according to claim 2 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its
It is characterised by：The Co-MOF powder is 1 with the mol ratio of Sublimed Sulfur：0.5～1.5.
9. the preparation method of embedded cobalt sulfide according to claim 2 and porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material, its
It is characterised by：The calcining heat be 500～900 DEG C, calcination time be 60～180min, calcination atmosphere be circulation argon or
Vacuum.
10. the embedded cobalt sulfide described in claim 1 is negative as sodium-ion battery with porous carbon nano rod combination electrode material
The application of pole active material.
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