CN106531966B - Nanometer and its is applied Cu@CuO material preparation method in lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Nanometer and its is applied Cu@CuO material preparation method in lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN106531966B
CN106531966B CN201611141213.1A CN201611141213A CN106531966B CN 106531966 B CN106531966 B CN 106531966B CN 201611141213 A CN201611141213 A CN 201611141213A CN 106531966 B CN106531966 B CN 106531966B
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nanometer
cuo
copper
negative electrode
electrode material
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CN106531966A (en
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王戈
党蕊
刘丽萍
杨琼
王芃
刘欣
贾希来
高鸿毅
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of Cu CuO material and using nanometer Cu CuO material as the lithium ion battery of negative electrode material, belong to field of energy source materials.The method that the present invention uses hydro-thermal reaction, sodium hydroxide provide alkaline environment, and hydrogen peroxide prepares nanometer Cu@CuO negative electrode material as oxygen source, by slowly etching two-dimentional copper nanometer sheet;The advantage of the invention is that method and apparatus is simple, technological parameter is controllable and mild condition, repeatability are high.Abundant raw material needed for preparing, it is at low cost, it is convenient for scale.The nanometer Cu@CuO negative electrode material specific capacity with higher of the method preparation and good cyclical stability, it is a kind of ideal lithium ion battery negative material, can be widely applied to the fields such as portable electronic device, electric tool, space technology and national defense industry.

Description

Nanometer and its is applied Cu@CuO material preparation method in lithium ion battery
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy and materials and electrochemical field, and in particular to a kind of system of novel cathode material for lithium ion battery Storage and conversion standby and its in electrochemical energy.
Background technique
Demand with people to the energy is growing, the aggravation of fossil fuel reserves reductions and environmental pollution, opens The new energy for sending out clean and effective becomes hot spot concerned by people.Lithium ion battery is as a kind of energy storage device, due to having It the advantages that environmentally friendly, light, high capacity, long-life, is more and more applied.It can be applied not only to various portable electrics Sub- equipment has very big application in terms of as the energy storage device of the new energy such as electric powered motor power supply and solar energy, wind energy Prospect.In recent years, more stringent requirements are proposed for power density and energy density of the development of electrical equipment to lithium ion battery, and Electrode material is the deciding factor that performance of lithium ion battery improves.In terms of negative electrode material, current commercialized lithium-ion electric Pond negative electrode material graphite theoretical capacity (372 mAh/g) is relatively low, has been unable to meet demand of the people to battery performance.Therefore it studies Become an important topic with exploitation novel ion cell negative electrode material.Oxide cathode material has theoretical capacity height, circulation The advantages that performance is good, security performance is high, wherein CuO is 673 mAh/g as its theoretical specific capacity of lithium ion battery negative material, It is 2-3 times of common carbon negative pole material battery capacity, is the lithium ion battery of new generation of a kind of great development and application potential Negative electrode material.However, CuO electrode material causes significantly to tie due to that can generate biggish bulk effect in charge and discharge process Structure breakage dusting, then leads to circulation volume rapid decrease.In addition, the electric conductivity of CuO electrode material is poor, this strong influence The transmission of charge in the electrodes, and then influence the electrochemical lithium storage performance of electrode material.For the disadvantage mentioned above of CuO material, Researchers conduct extensive research.Electrode material size is reduced to nanosized, is conducive to improve CuO in cyclic process The volume expansion of CuO is alleviated in the release of the stress generated due to removal lithium embedded, can effectively improve the cyclical stability of CuO.Separately Outside, CuO and nano material with good conductivity is compound, the conductivity of CuO electrode material can be improved, improve charge in electrode material Migration rate in material obtains the electrode material of preferable high rate performance in turn.In current research, CuO and carbon with good conductivity The compound report of sill is more, but forms but being rarely reported for combination electrode material with nano-metallic copper, especially with Hydrothermal method is obtained nanometer research of Cu@CuO electrode material and is had not been reported using copper nanometer sheet as reaction template.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above issues, the present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of Cu@CuO material and by the preparation of this kind of method Lithium ion battery of the negative electrode material as the Cu@CuO negative electrode material of application and the above-mentioned preparation of application of lithium ion battery.This hair It is bright using copper nanometer sheet as conductive substrates, pass through hydro-thermal reaction method prepare nanometer Cu@CuO negative electrode material.Preparation of the invention The method and apparatus of Cu@CuO material is simple, and technological parameter is controllable and mild condition, repeatability are high.Raw material needed for preparing is rich Richness, it is at low cost, it is convenient for scale.
Present invention employs technical solutions below:
The preparation method of a kind of nanometer of Cu@CuO material, first preparing thickness by self-assembly method is about 600-700 nm, directly Diameter is about 20-200 μm of copper nanometer sheet, then resulting copper nanometer sheet is passed through hydrothermal treatment process, prepares nanometer Cu@ CuO negative electrode material;
Specific process step are as follows:
(1) water, glucose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, than mixing, stirring 3 hours or more, are clarified by certain mass Mixed liquid;
(2) under stirring conditions, the clarification in step (1) mixes in liquid and copper sulfate solution is added dropwise, and stirs at room temperature After mixing 30-60min, it is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle and reacts 2.5-4h at 160-200 DEG C;
(3) it is done by the obtained product centrifugation of step (2), successively using deionized water and dehydrated alcohol washing, vacuum Copper nanometer sheet is obtained after dry;
(4) a certain amount of water, sodium hydroxide, hydrogenperoxide steam generator is added into copper nanometer sheet obtained by step (3) and is put into water In thermal response kettle, stir 1-5min after in 100-150 DEG C of baking oven insulation reaction 6-14h;
(5) after room temperature is cooling, washed by the centrifugation of step (4) products therefrom, successively using deionized water and dehydrated alcohol, A nanometer Cu@CuO negative electrode material powder is obtained after vacuum drying.
Further, solution in step (1), the mass ratio control of water, glucose, polyvinylpyrrolidone is in 25:0.5- 1:0.2-1。
Further, the mass ratio of the material of copper sulphate and glucose in step (1) is 1:2.5-5 in step (2).
Further, in step (4) water, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide mass ratio are as follows: 50-150:1.6-8:4.5- 27.8。
Further, in step (4) copper nanometer sheet and sodium hydroxide molar ratio are as follows: 0.03-0.78:4-20.
Further, drying described in step (5) is vacuum drying, and it is 40 ~ 80 DEG C that temperature, which is arranged, in baking oven.
Further, the present invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery, and the negative electrode material of lithium ion battery uses above-mentioned nanometer Cu@CuO negative electrode material.The method that the present invention first uses self assembly obtains copper nanometer sheet material, is combining hydrothermal reaction process, benefit A nanometer Cu@CuO material is prepared in corrasion with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide to copper nanometer sheet.The material is by electrochemistry Activity core material and conductive nano matrix are constituted, and electro-chemical activity core material CuO homoepitaxial is in conducting base copper nanometer On piece.The copper nanometer sheet substrate of nanoscale can be relieved the stress that CuO is generated during removal lithium embedded, while nanometer CuO is band-like Gap between pattern arrangement can also reduce volume expansion bring electrode dusting effect during removal lithium embedded.Especially copper nanometer sheet Substrate has excellent electric conductivity, can improve conduction of the electronics in electrode material, improves the utilization rate and material of active material Conductivity, then obtain the lithium ion battery of specific discharge capacity and high rate performance with higher.With nanometer Cu@of the invention CuO material is lithium ion battery negative material, is to be prepared into 2025 button batteries to electrode with lithium piece, shows good comprehensive Close chemical property.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: preparation method and equipment of the invention is simple, technological parameter is controllable and mild condition, Repeatability is high.Abundant raw material needed for preparing, it is at low cost, it is convenient for scale.The nanometer Cu@CuO negative electrode material of preparation has Higher specific discharge capacity and stable high rate performance can satisfy increasingly developed portable mobile power supply to height ratio capacity lithium The demand of ion battery.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the SEM picture of nanometer Cu@CuO material of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the XRD diagram piece of nanometer Cu@CuO material of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the TEM picture of nanometer Cu@CuO material of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the SEM picture of Cu nanometer sheet material of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is 200 charging and discharging curves of the nanometer Cu@CuO material obtained in embodiment 1;
Fig. 6 is voltage-specific capacity relation curve of the nanometer Cu@CuO material obtained in embodiment 2;
Fig. 7 is the high rate performance curve of the nanometer Cu@CuO material obtained in embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art Member makes various changes or modifications the present invention, and such equivalent forms equally fall within model defined by the application the appended claims It encloses.
Embodiment 1
The deionized water of 0.4g glucose, 0.2g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 15mL is stirred into 4h at room temperature, is obtained Liquid is mixed to clarifying.The copper-bath of 0.8mmoL is added thereto, is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle at 160 DEG C after stirring 1h 4h is reacted, product centrifugation is successively washed three times with deionized water, dehydrated alcohol, products therefrom is dried in a vacuum drying oven Obtain copper nanometer sheet.0.025g copper nanometer sheet, 10g water, 0.16g sodium hydroxide, 30% hydrogen peroxide of 0.16g are placed in reaction kettle Middle stirring 1min, the insulation reaction 6h in 110 DEG C of baking oven.By products therefrom centrifugation, successively use deionized water and dehydrated alcohol Washing obtains a nanometer Cu@CuO material powder after 50 DEG C of vacuum drying.
The PVDF of the nanometer Cu@CuO material of 75 wt.% obtained, the acetylene black of 15 wt.% and 10 wt.% is mixed equal It is even, slurry is made, is coated uniformly on copper foil, circular electrode pole piece is stamped into after vacuum drying, is to electrode group with lithium metal At test cell.Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out to battery, charging/discharging voltage range is 0.01 ~ 3 V, the results showed that, have Preferable chemical property, Fig. 5 are it under 0.1C current density, and the battery performance of material, specific capacity are after circulation 200 times 620 mAh/g, material have good cyclical stability.
Embodiment 2
The deionized water of 1g glucose, 0.6g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 20mL is stirred into 4h at room temperature, is obtained Clarify mixed liquid.The copper-bath of 1mmoL is added thereto, is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle after stirring 1h and is reacted at 170 DEG C 3h, product centrifugation, is successively washed three times with deionized water, dehydrated alcohol, products therefrom is dried to obtain in a vacuum drying oven Copper nanometer sheet.0.03g copper nanometer sheet, 6g water, 0.2g sodium hydroxide, 30% hydrogen peroxide of 0.3g are placed in reaction kettle and are stirred 1min, the insulation reaction 8h in 110 DEG C of baking oven.By products therefrom centrifugation, successively using deionized water and dehydrated alcohol washing, in A nanometer Cu@CuO material powder is obtained after 50 DEG C of vacuum drying.
The PVDF of the nanometer Cu@CuO material of 75 wt.% obtained, the acetylene black of 15 wt.% and 10 wt.% is mixed equal It is even, slurry is made, is coated uniformly on copper foil, circular electrode pole piece is stamped into after vacuum drying, is to electrode group with lithium metal At test cell.Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out to battery, charging/discharging voltage range is 0.01 ~ 3 V, the results showed that, have Preferable chemical property, Fig. 6 are it under 0.2C current density, and charge and discharge cycles 200 times voltage-specific volume magnitude relations are bent Line, specific capacity are still maintained at 580 mAh/g or so, it is seen that this material has good cyclical stability.
Embodiment 3
The deionized water of 1.5g glucose, 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 45mL is stirred into 4h at room temperature, is obtained Clarify mixed liquid.The copper-bath of 1.8mmoL is added thereto, is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle at 180 DEG C instead after stirring 1h 4.5h is answered, product centrifugation is successively washed three times with deionized water, dehydrated alcohol, products therefrom is dried in a vacuum drying oven Obtain copper nanometer sheet.0.04g copper nanometer sheet, 10g water, 0.3g sodium hydroxide, 30% hydrogen peroxide of 0.5g are placed in reaction kettle Stir 3min, the insulation reaction 12h in 110 DEG C of baking oven.It is washed by products therefrom centrifugation, successively using deionized water and dehydrated alcohol It washs, obtain a nanometer Cu@CuO material powder after 60 DEG C of vacuum drying.
The PVDF of the nanometer Cu@CuO material of 75 wt.% obtained, the acetylene black of 15 wt.% and 10 wt.% is mixed equal It is even, slurry is made, is coated uniformly on copper foil, circular electric pole piece is stamped into after vacuum drying, is to be formed to electrode with lithium metal Test cell.Fig. 7 be its to battery carry out high rate performance test, the results showed that, Cu@CuO material by 0.1C, 0.2C, After 0.3C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C circulation, its capacity is still able to maintain when returning 0.2C circulation, big variation does not occur, illustrate that material has There is preferable high rate performance.

Claims (2)

1. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of Cu@CuO material, it is characterised in that: the method is first to prepare thickness by self-assembly method For 600-700nm, the copper nanometer sheet that diameter is 20-200 μm, then resulting copper nanometer sheet is passed through into hydrothermal treatment process, preparation Nanometer Cu@CuO negative electrode material;Specific method the following steps are included:
(1) water, glucose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, than mixing, stirring 3 hours or more, are obtained clarifying mixed liquid by certain mass;
(2) under stirring conditions, the clarification in step (1) mixes in liquid and copper sulfate solution is added dropwise, and 30- is stirred at room temperature After 60min, it is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle and reacts 2.5-4h at 160-200 DEG C;
(3) it washed by the obtained product centrifugation of step (2), successively using deionized water and dehydrated alcohol, obtained after vacuum drying To copper nanometer sheet;
(4) a certain amount of water, sodium hydroxide, hydrogenperoxide steam generator is added into copper nanometer sheet obtained by step (3), it is anti-is put into hydro-thermal It answers in kettle, the insulation reaction 6-14h in 100-150 DEG C of baking oven;
(5) after room temperature is cooling, by the centrifugation of step (4) products therefrom, successively using deionized water and dehydrated alcohol washing, vacuum A nanometer Cu@CuO material powder is obtained after drying,
Wherein: acquired solution in step (1), the mass ratio control of water, glucose, polyvinylpyrrolidone is in 25:0.5-1: 0.2-1,
Wherein: the mass ratio of the material of copper sulphate and glucose in step (1) is 1:2.5-5 in step (2), in which: in step (4) The mass ratio of water, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is 50-150:1.6-8:4.5-27.8,
Wherein: in step (4), the molar ratio of copper nanometer sheet and sodium hydroxide is 0.03-0.78:4-20,
Wherein: drying described in step (5) is vacuum drying, and it is 40~80 DEG C that temperature, which is arranged, in baking oven.
2. a kind of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that: the negative electrode material of the battery uses nanometer Cu@CuO described in claim 1 Material.
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CN108374167B (en) * 2018-02-13 2020-06-05 桂林理工大学 Hydrothermal method for preparing Cu2Method for preparing O nano film
CN112941556B (en) * 2021-01-27 2023-09-15 国家纳米科学中心 Copper-based solid material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112974831B (en) * 2021-03-05 2022-04-19 西北有色金属研究院 Cu-Cu with nano array structure3Preparation method of P material

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