CN106530255A - Bubble group data measurement method - Google Patents
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- CN106530255A CN106530255A CN201611021021.7A CN201611021021A CN106530255A CN 106530255 A CN106530255 A CN 106530255A CN 201611021021 A CN201611021021 A CN 201611021021A CN 106530255 A CN106530255 A CN 106530255A
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/70—Denoising; Smoothing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/73—Deblurring; Sharpening
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10016—Video; Image sequence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20024—Filtering details
- G06T2207/20032—Median filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20172—Image enhancement details
- G06T2207/20192—Edge enhancement; Edge preservation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30242—Counting objects in image
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bubble group data measurement method. A high-speed camera is used for photographing a bubble group image, a background picture and a scale image; background filtering is carried out on the bubble group image; a bubble edge is sharpened; binary processing is carried out on the bubble group image after sharpening, and a gray image with only two gray levels is acquired; the bubble edge is filled; the total bubble number is determined, and the real diameter of each bubble is calculated; and through statistics, the bubble diameters and the number distribution are acquired. By adopting the method of the invention, a clear bubble group visual image can be acquired, and through filtering the acquired visual image and carrying out bubble edge sharpening and bubble filling, bubble group parameters such as the bubble diameters and the bubble number distribution in the visual image can be counted. The method of the invention can save a large amount of time, and when the result acquired by the method of the invention is compared with a manual statistics result, the diameter deviation is smaller than 10%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, for measuring the vapour such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution
Bubble group's related data.
Background technology
The parameter such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number is that institute must be defeated during Two-phase Flow & Thermal Conduction mechanism model is set up and analyzed
The key parameter for entering.After there is steam bubble coring in heating wall, it may appear that different nucleation sites.Steam bubble nucleation when heating power is different
Phenomenon can change, and due to the disturbance of local turbulent, different nucleation site bubble movement features is different, it means that
On section, the related data such as steam bubble group diameter and steam bubble number is not quite similar under different operating modes.How to measure in experiment and divide
Analysis steam bubble group's related data, is a difficult problem in related experiment.
The present invention is based on above-mentioned application background, proposes a kind of steam bubble group DATA REASONING and analysis method, by a high speed
Video camera is shot to steam bubble group, after the visual image to obtaining filters and carries out steam bubble edge sharpening and steam bubble filling,
Steam bubble group's data such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution are obtained in the method for probability statistics.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above of prior art, the invention provides a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, by height
Fast video camera is shot to steam bubble group, and the visual image to obtaining is filtered and carries out steam bubble edge sharpening, binary conversion treatment
And after steam bubble filling, steam bubble group's data such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution are obtained in the method for probability statistics.The method
Steam bubble faciation related parameter can efficiently and be accurately obtained, is set up for follow-up Two-phase Flow & Thermal Conduction mechanism model and analysis is provided basis
Data supporting.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:A kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, including such as
Lower step:
Step one, steam bubble group is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain steam bubble group's image;
Step 2, background picture when not having a steam bubble is shot using high-speed camera instrument;
Step 3, shoot scale with a scale using high-speed camera instrument, obtain clearly scale map picture, by scale map as
Valid pixel is changed into actual physical size;
Step 4, filtering background is carried out to steam bubble group image;
Step 5, steam bubble edge is sharpened;
Step 6, binary conversion treatment is carried out to the steam bubble group image after sharpening, acquisition only exists the gray scale of two gray levels
Image;
Step 7, steam bubble edge is filled;
Step 8, determine steam bubble total number and calculate the true diameter of each steam bubble;
Step 9, steam bubble dia and number distribution are obtained by counting.
Compared with prior art, the positive effect of the present invention is:Can obtain clearly using the inventive method that steam bubble group can
Depending on changing image, and the filling of steam bubble edge sharpening, binary conversion treatment and steam bubble is filtered and is carried out by the visual image to obtaining
Afterwards, the steam bubble swarm parameter such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution in visual image can be counted.With manual measurement and unite
Meter steam bubble dia is compared with the method for number distribution, can be saved the plenty of time using the inventive method, and by present invention acquisition
Result be compared with the result of manual statistics, both diameter deviations are less than 10%.
Description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Schematic flow sheets of the Fig. 1 for the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is typical high-speed camera instrument shooting image;
Fig. 3 is image after steam bubble edge treated;
Fig. 4 is image after steam bubble filling;
Fig. 5 is experimental result schematic diagram after probability statistics.
Specific embodiment
A kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, as shown in figure 1, comprising the steps:
Step one, steam bubble group is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain steam bubble group's image (as shown in Figure 2):
1st, the preferred micro-lens of high-speed camera instrument is obtaining clearly steam bubble image, preferred micro-lens model
Nikon/200mmF/4D/macro。
2nd, should ensure that when high-speed camera instrument resolution ratio is arranged and can photograph the whole cross section of observation window, it is as example, right
In the shooting window of 60mm × 30mm (high × wide), during using PhantomV9.0 high-speed camera instrument, the preferred pixel that shoots is
1152 × 576 (high × wide).
3rd, by adjusting high-speed camera instrument micro-lens aperture, shooting image is made to become clear.
4th, high-speed camera instrument micro-lens focal length is adjusted, high-speed camera instrument is focused on the section that there is steam bubble distribution.
5th, to obtain smooth steam bubble group's DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION, high-speed camera instrument need to be appropriately arranged with and shoots frame number, it is preferred to shoot
Scope is 50-500 frames, is 200 frames as preferred value.
6th, after completing all settings, to steam bubble, group shoots, and obtains clearly steam bubble group image.
Step 2, background picture when not having a steam bubble is shot using high-speed camera instrument:
Step 3, holding high-speed camera instrument focal length are constant, shoot scale with a scale with high-speed camera instrument, obtain clearly
Scale map picture.The valid pixel for shooting picture can be changed into actual physical size by the step, and its concrete grammar is, in scale
The valid pixel at 1mm intervals is measured, and is as a result d, shoots in picture that valid pixel is d between 2 points1, then shoot in picture
Point-to-point transmission actual physical size is d1/d mm。
Step 4, filtering background is carried out to steam bubble group image, steam bubble edge is sharpened:
1st, the picture for having steam bubble and background picture corresponding element that experiment shoots acquisition are subtracted each other, generally, after simple subtraction
Image in steam bubble profile it is more coarse, and can there are some random noises, preferably, reply image is filtered, preferably
Filtering method be medium filtering, steam bubble edge can be made more smooth by medium filtering, and eliminate image in noise.
2nd, laplacian spectral radius are carried out to the image after medium filtering, its basic skills is as follows:
In formula, g (i, j) is result images, and f (i, j) is original image, and k is sharpening coefficient.The selection of sharpening coefficient and figure
As signal to noise ratio is related, when signal noise ratio (snr) of image is higher, preferred sharpening coefficient is 1.
Step 5:To image binaryzation process, acquisition only exists the gray level image of two gray levels (pixel value is 0 and 1),
In image binaryzation processing procedure, suitable threshold value f need to be determined, when gray value is more than threshold value f, picture point is white, i.e.,
Pixel value is 1;During less than threshold value f, picture point is black, i.e., pixel value is 0.
For steam bubble image, the method for preferred threshold value f is maximum variance between clusters, its ideal calculated, together
When calculating speed it is fast, meet the requirement of kinetic measurement.Maximum variance between clusters principle is:By the grey level histogram of image a certain
Two groups are divided at threshold value, when the variance of this two groups of gray value is maximum, cut-point is threshold value.For typical grayscale figure
Picture, it is assumed that f is the threshold value of first and second group, then now first group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image for x0, average ash
Spend for y0, it is x that second group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image1, average gray is y1, then image overall average gray scale is:
Y=x0×y0+x1×y1 (2)
Then now variance yields z expression formulas are as follows:
Z=x0×(y0-y)2+x1×(y1-y)2 (3)
(intensity value ranges are 0~255) is enumerated to threshold value f, the f for making variance yields z maximum is the best cutting point.Process
The result for obtaining afterwards is as shown in Figure 3;
Step 6, due in shooting some steam bubble edges there is higher brightness, then after processing, its edge is not closed in image,
Steam bubble edge is filled using epidemic algorithms, after filling, result is as shown in Figure 4.Concrete grammar is as follows:
1st, the 2nd row pixel of the 2nd row in image array is defined as into the initial infection sources, its pixel value is labeled as p.
2nd, from the bottom up, turn left from the right side and scan bianry image picture element matrix, such as current pixel point pixel value is 1, and the picture
Four neighborhoods below vegetarian refreshments (lower-left, under, bottom right, the right side) in have mark, then current pixel is labeled as into p;Such as nothing in the neighbours domain of lower section
Mark, then marked with q;After the completion of from the bottom up, rescan image pixel matrix from left to right, such as current pixel are labeled as q,
And neighbours domain above which (left, upper left, on, upper right) there is mark p, then replace q with p.After the completion of obtain mark matrix L.
3rd, according to from the bottom up, from left to right;From the bottom up, order repeat step 2 from right to left, after the completion of marked
Note matrix L1。
4th, to marking matrix L and L1Do or computing, extract common infection point, obtain matrix Lb。
5th, it is newly-built with equirotal null matrix A of processed image, by LbIn all infections sources be transplanted to null matrix A, obtain
To new images matrix A be filling after image.
There are multiple steam bubbles for differing in size in image after step 7, process, before statistical analysis, need to be to institute in image
There is steam bubble to be marked, while calculating the area of each steam bubble.Its concrete grammar is as follows:
1st, initially points are designated as 1 to define the upper left corner, from left to right, individual element scanning from top to bottom, if the upper left,
Upper, upper right, 4 neighborhood any point pixel value of left are 1 (white), then the points that current point and pixel value are 1 are labeled as phase
With value.When the upper left, upper, upper right, 4 neighborhood territory pixel value of left are 0 (black), then number mark Jia 1.
2nd, per number target pixel quantity S (i) in statistical chart, if certain number target pixel quantity S (i) is more than or equal to thing
The effective steam bubble decision threshold n for first setting, then the marked region is a steam bubble, and steam bubble true area S1(i)=S (i)/
d2, unit is square millimeter, is the impact for eliminating noise, and preferred n values are 10.Steam bubble true diameter D (i) is:
After statistics, in figure, steam bubble total number is N, and the true diameter of i-th steam bubble is D (i).
Step 8, steam bubble dia and number distribution are obtained by counting, as a result as shown in figure 5, its concrete grammar is as follows:
Steam bubble dia probability density function is f (x), and f (x) is distributed approximately as described below:
f(xj)≈Pj/△x (5)
In formula,
Pj=nj/N (6)
Wherein △ x are steam bubble dia packet group away from △ x=xj+1-xj, PjFor steam bubble true diameter D jth group probability,
njThe bubble number of jth group is come across for D.In order to obtain more accurate distribution results, packet group is as follows away from △ x calculating formulas:
In formula, t is packet group number, and t is bigger, as a result more accurate, but calculating speed accordingly can slow down.It is preferred in this example
Packet group number t is 50.
F (x) is steam bubble dia Cumulative probability function, and its span is 0-1, and expression formula is as follows:
Fig. 5 is the typical steam bubble dia Cumulative probability function distribution for obtaining.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, it is characterised in that:Comprise the steps:
Step one, steam bubble group is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain steam bubble group's image;
Step 2, background picture when not having a steam bubble is shot using high-speed camera instrument;
Step 3, scale with a scale is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain clearly scale map picture, by the effective of scale map picture
Pixel transition is actual physical size;
Step 4, filtering background is carried out to steam bubble group image;
Step 5, steam bubble edge is sharpened;
Step 6, binary conversion treatment is carried out to the steam bubble group image after sharpening, acquisition only exists the gray level image of two gray levels;
Step 7, steam bubble edge is filled;
Step 8, determine steam bubble total number and calculate the true diameter of each steam bubble;
Step 9, steam bubble dia and number distribution are obtained by counting.
2. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:High-speed camera instrument selects microspur
Camera lens, shooting frame number are 50-500 frames.
3. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:By effective picture of scale map picture
Element is changed into the method for actual physical size:The valid pixel at 1mm intervals in scale is measured, measurement result d is obtained,
If between 2 points, valid pixel is d in scale map picture1, then in scale map picture, between this 2 points, actual physical size is d1/ d, unit
For mm.
4. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble group's image is carried on the back
Scape filter method be:Steam bubble group image is subtracted each other with corresponding element in background picture, medium filtering is then carried out.
5. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble edge is sharpened
Method be:Laplacian spectral radius are carried out to the image after medium filtering:
In formula, g (i, j) is result images, and f (i, j) is original image, and k is sharpening coefficient.
6. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble group after sharpening is schemed
As the method for carrying out binary conversion treatment is:Whether first threshold value f, then judge the gray value of picture point more than threshold value f, if greatly
In then determining that picture point is white, pixel value is 1;Otherwise, it is determined that picture point is black, and pixel value is 0.
7. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:Using maximum variance between clusters
Threshold value f, comprises the steps:
It is assumed that f is the threshold value of first and second group, then now first group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image for x0, average ash
Spend for y0, it is x that second group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image1, average gray is y1, then image overall average gray scale be:
Y=x0×y0+x1×y1
Then now variance yields z expression formulas are as follows:
Z=x0×(y0-y)2+x1×(y1-y)2
Threshold value f is enumerated, the f for making variance yields z maximum is defined as threshold value.
8. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble edge is filled
Method comprise the steps:
(1) the 2nd row pixel of the 2nd row in image array is defined as into the initial infection sources, its pixel value is labeled as p;
(2) from the bottom up, turn left from the right side and scan bianry image picture element matrix, such as current pixel point pixel value is 1, and the pixel
There is mark in four neighborhoods of lower section, then current pixel is labeled as into p;It is such as unmarked in the neighbours domain of lower section, then marked with q;After the completion of
From the bottom up, rescan image pixel matrix from left to right, such as current pixel is labeled as q, and there is mark in neighbours domain above which
P, then replace q with p, and mark matrix L is obtained after the completion of scanning;
(3) according to from the bottom up, from left to right and from the bottom up, order from right to left repeats (2nd) step, obtains after the completion of scanning
Matrix L must be marked1;
(4) to marking matrix L and L1Do or computing, extract common infection point, obtain matrix Lb;
(5) it is newly-built with equirotal null matrix A of processed image, by LbIn all infections sources be transplanted in null matrix A, obtain
New images matrix be filling after image.
9. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Determine steam bubble total number and count
The method for calculating the true diameter of each steam bubble is:
(1) initially points are designated as 1 to define the upper left corner, from left to right, individual element scanning from top to bottom, if the upper left, upper, right
Upper, 4 neighborhood any point pixel value of left is 1, then the points that current point and pixel value are 1 are labeled as identical value, when the point
Upper left, upper, upper right, 4 neighborhood territory pixel value of left are 0, then number mark Jia 1, and steam bubble total number in figure is obtained after the completion of scanning;
(2) per number target pixel quantity S (i) in statistical chart, if certain number target pixel quantity S (i) is more than or equal to effective
Steam bubble decision threshold n, then the marked region is a steam bubble, and steam bubble true area S1(i)=S (i)/d2, then obtain vapour
Steeping true diameter D (i) is:
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CN113310983A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas-solid fluidized bed bubble motion behavior recognition statistical method |
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CN108332940A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-27 | 青岛科技大学 | A kind of two phase flow rises bubble fluid FLOW VISUALIZATION experimental method and experimental provision |
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CN109598739B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-07-26 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | The statistical method and processing terminal of bubbles number are leaked in a kind of water body |
CN113310983A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas-solid fluidized bed bubble motion behavior recognition statistical method |
CN115178438A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-10-14 | 深圳市鑫路远电子设备有限公司 | Steady state performance evaluation method and system for vacuum glue filling valve |
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