CN106528957A - Thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for progressive safety gear of elevator - Google Patents
Thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for progressive safety gear of elevator Download PDFInfo
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- CN106528957A CN106528957A CN201610911386.0A CN201610911386A CN106528957A CN 106528957 A CN106528957 A CN 106528957A CN 201610911386 A CN201610911386 A CN 201610911386A CN 106528957 A CN106528957 A CN 106528957A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for a progressive safety gear of an elevator. The method comprises the following steps of building a gear block-guide rail contact model of thermal-stress coupling in finite element analysis software; calculating frictional power (Pf=tau gamma) based on energy dissipation of heat generated by a frictional effect of contact surfaces, wherein Pf is the frictional power, tau is a frictional shear stress calculated by the gear block-guide rail contact model, and gamma is a slip rate between the contact surfaces; and obtaining heat flow densities (fh-s=zeta eta Pf and fh-m=(1-zeta) eta Pf) injected into the two contact surfaces according to the frictional power, wherein fh-s and fh-m are the heat flow densities of the gear block contact surface and the guide rail contact surface respectively, and eta and zeta are a heat conversion coefficient and a heat distribution coefficient respectively. According to the method, a dynamic behavior of a frictional braking process of the progressive safety gear of the elevator can be simulated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to elevator progressive safety gear tribology Design technical field, more particularly to a kind of to be directed to elevator gradually
Enter the coupled thermal mechanical method of formula safety tongs.
Background technology
In recent years as domestic elevator accident takes place frequently, the safety problem of elevator operation is increasingly paid attention to by people.How
Reduce or prevent accident, ensure lift running safety to greatest extent, already become national departments concerned and the numerous public
Focus of attention problem.From in terms of technical elements, mechanical protection has been covered in the safeguard protection of elevator device, and electic protection and safety are anti-
Multiple links such as shield.Wherein safety tongs is the critical component of most critical in mechanical protection link, and it is linked with limiter of speed, is responsible for
The elevator protective effect with hypervelocity out of control.Elevator safety gear can be described as last one barrier for preventing lift car from falling, i.e.,
Make under most dangerous operating mode, when such as traction steel-cable ruptures, safety tongs must also have friction brake force powerful enough,
With the car stop that will drive over the speed limit on guide rail.Common gradual elevator safety tong and its operation principle are as shown in Figure 1.
The frictional damping of gradual elevator safety tong includes the Thermo-mechanical Coupling Problems of complexity, particularly express elevator in fortune
During row, energy is big, braking procedure frictional heat is more, so the Thermo-mechanical Coupling Problems in express elevator safety tongs braking procedure are more
Prominent (with the fast development in city, the use of express elevator is more and more extensive).Only first to gradual elevator safety tong system
Basic friction problem and heat/mechanics problem during dynamic is recognized exactly and is grasped, could further to electricity at a high speed
The frictional damping performance of terraced safety tongs is correctly designed and is checked.However, the reason of gradual elevator safety tong frictional damping
Also it is short of very much by analysis and computer simulation at present, its design is also mainly using traditional Coulomb friction law.According to electricity
Terraced performance indications (mainly payload ratings and normal speed) and the Standard of braking deceleration, Machine Design engineer lead to
It is often analyzing the braking procedure of safety tongs, to draw frictional force and braking distance, then using coulomb from the angle of rigid dynamics
Friction formula further calculates contact surface positive pressure, the final parameter for determining brake caliper block and flexible member.In analytical calculation, rub
It is considered as constant (normal pressure is constant, and the coefficient of friction between guide rail and pincers block is constant) to wipe brake force, while also not accounting for
Impact of the contact surface abrasion to braking ability.But in practical situation, the frictional damping performance of safety tongs receives many factors
Impact, and the Coulomb friction model for adopting at present is inconsiderate to practical situation.Excessively simplified analytical calculation, causes set
The safety tongs of meter needs repeated multiple times adjustment and changes spring deflection, with the frictional damping effect needed for reaching, therefore, its examination
Test workload and new-product development cost is very big.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of coupled thermal mechanical for elevator progressive safety gear
Method, is capable of the dynamic behaviour of simulant elevator progressive safety gear frictional damping process.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：There is provided a kind of for elevator progressive safety gear
Coupled thermal mechanical method, comprises the following steps：
(1) the pincers block-guide rail contact model of thermal stress coupling is set up in finite element analysis software；
(2) energy dissipation produced from contact surface rubbing action according to frictional heat, calculates friction horsepowerWherein, PfFor friction horsepower, τ is Friction Shearing Stress, is calculated by the pincers block-guide rail contact model,For
Sliding rate between contact surface；It is respectively according to the heat flow density that friction horsepower obtains being injected into two contact surfaces：fh-s=
ζηPfAnd fh-m=(1- ζ) η Pf, wherein, fh-sAnd fh-mIt is the heat flow density for clamping block contact surface and cage guide contact surface respectively；η
It is thermal conversion factor and hot partition coefficient respectively with ζ.
Block-guide rail contact model is clamped described in the step (1), when safety tongs clamps certain point on contact interface of the block with guide rail
Shear stress when reaching the shear strength of pincers block of material, define at the point generation microslip；If all sent out for per on contact interface
Microslip is given birth to, then it represents that macroface then occurs to sliding between pincers block and guide rail；By the surrender for clamping block of material uniaxial tension
Stress σsIt is determined that shearing limit τ at adhesion junction surfacec, according to Mises yield criterions, yield stress of material etc. under simple shear state
InTake the shear strength of pincers block of materialAs the threshold friction shear stress τ at junction surfacec；Meanwhile, definition causes
By test, function of the ultimate shearing stress of contact point stick-slip transformation for temperature, show that pincers block of material yield strength is varied with temperature
Functional relationship, define threshold friction shear stress τcRelation with contact point temperature T is：
In the step (2), 85% Friction dissipation can change into heat, then η=0.85, ζ=0.5.
Pincers block-guide rail contact model is written as into user's favorite subroutine VFRIC (friction subprogram) and is embedded into ABAQUS/
In Explicit calculation procedures, in calculating elevator progressive safety gear braking procedure, safety tongs pincers block contacts product with slide
Raw frictional heat and frictional force.
Beneficial effect
As a result of above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages that and actively imitates
Really：The present invention simulates elevator progressive safety gear frictional damping by setting up pincers block-guide rail contact model that thermal stress is coupled
The dynamic behaviour of process, has obtained the important results such as braking distance, car speed, deceleration, friction brake force and friction factor,
And obtained the important informations such as stress field, temperature field.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is gradual elevator safety tong fundamental diagram in prior art；
Fig. 2 is the FEM (finite element) model figure set up in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention predicts the outcome and measured result comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limit the scope of the present invention.In addition, it is to be understood that after the content for having read instruction of the present invention, people in the art
Member can be made various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent form of values equally fall within the application appended claims and limited
Scope.
Embodiments of the present invention are related to a kind of coupled thermal mechanical method for elevator progressive safety gear, and heat comes
The energy dissipation that safety tongs pincers block is produced with guide rail contacting surface rubbing action is come from, wherein, friction horsepowerτ in formula
For Friction Shearing Stress,For the sliding rate between contact surface.Defined in model, when safety tongs clamps contact circle of block and guide rail
When the shear stress of certain point reaches the shear strength of pincers block of material on face, generation microslip at the point is defined, if on contact interface
Per all there occurs micro- cunning, macroface then occur to sliding between pincers block and guide rail.During practical application, by clamping block of material single shaft
Yield stress σ of stretchingsIt is determined that shearing limit τ at adhesion junction surfacec.According to Mises yield criterions, material under simple shear state
Yield stress is equal toTake the shear strength of pincers block of materialAs the threshold friction shear stress τ at junction surfacec.Together
When, definition causes the ultimate shearing stress of contact point stick-slip transformation for the function of temperature, show that pincers block of material surrender is strong by test
The functional relationship that degree is varied with temperature, defines threshold friction shear stress τcRelation with contact point temperature T is：
In mathematical calculation model, frictional heat is converted into heat flow density and is applied to safety tongs pincers contact table of the block with guide rail
Face, the heat flow density for being injected into two contact surfaces are respectively fh-s=ζ η PfAnd fh-m=(1- ζ) η Pf, wherein, fh-sAnd fh-mRespectively
It is to contact the heat flow density from face and contact interarea；η and ζ are thermal conversion factor and hot partition coefficient respectively.It is assumed that 85% rubs
Wipe Dissipated energy and change into hot (portion of energy changes into acoustic energy), be then averagely allocated to contact from face and contact interarea, i.e. η=
0.85, ζ=0.5.
The CONTACT WITH FRICTION model that heat engine is coupled is written as user's favorite subroutine VFRIC and is embedded into ABAQUS/ by the present invention
In Explicit calculation procedures, in investigating elevator progressive safety gear braking procedure, safety tongs pincers block contacts generation with slide
Frictional heat and frictional force.
The present invention is further illustrated below by a specific embodiment.
The numerical analysis model of Temperature-Stress multi- scenarios method is set up for the frictional damping problem of progressive safety gear.Root
The action feature of the safety tongs of 4t and 2.2m/s is respectively according to car load with initial velocity, safety tongs is complete to car from lucky action
It is complete it is parked about need to slide several tens cm, therefore only take part guide rails (taking 40cm) and set up FEM (finite element) model, as shown in Figure 2.Simultaneously
According to the characteristics of safety tongs composition and boundary condition, the half for only choosing entity using symmetry participates in Modeling Calculation.In order to
Impact of the huge inertia of true reflection car to safety tongs braking procedure, especially considers car weight in the z-direction in simulation
Power is acted on, by the actual mass equivalent block (limiting plate) to above voussoir.In model using 8 node temperature of hexahedron-should
Power coupling unit (C3D8RT) carries out finite element mesh to whole geometry entity.Because rubbing in frictional damping taxiing procedures
Surface is constantly thermally generated, so the contact surface to clamping block divides more fine grid gives high spot reviews.Whole mould
Type amounts to 368,579 units and 403,765 nodes, wherein contact top layer unit along x, y and z to size be respectively
0.2mm, 0.4mm and 0.4mm.
The mechanical property parameters of block of material are clamped at a temperature of varying environment is obtained by test, then according to condition of different temperatures
The tensile yield strength of lower pincers block of material, further estimates that safety tongs clamps the shearing limit of block of material contact surface, it is considered to contact
Between surface, critical sliding Friction Shearing Stress depends on Contact Temperature.The Heat transfer considered in set up thermal stress model is removed
Beyond the conduction of heat of material internal, the convection current also including transmission of heat by contact, non-planar contact surfaces and air between guide rail and pincers block is changed
Heat and heat radiation.Contact conductane wherein between safety tongs pincers block and guide rail surface is set to the function of contact pressure.Heat engine coupling
In terms of displacement boundary conditions in matched moulds type, such as accompanying drawing 2, by the bottom surface Complete Bind of guide rail, on yz faces, all nodes are applied in
Symmetry constraint, i.e. Ux=URy=URz=0；The safe clamp brake initial stage has and car identical initial velocity in the z-direction；Along x
After negative direction applies pressure to the outer surface for clamping block, frictional resistance makes safety tongs retarded motion until static.Using above giving an account of
Mobile state analysis is entered in heat engine coupling behavior of the method for continuing to elevator progressive safety gear braking procedure, exports the temperature of whole model
Degree field, stress field, velocity field and displacement field.
It is seen that, the present invention simulates elevator gradual by setting up pincers block-guide rail contact model that thermal stress is coupled
The dynamic behaviour of safety tongs frictional damping process, has obtained braking distance, car speed, deceleration, friction brake force and friction
The important results such as factor, and stress field has been obtained, the important information such as temperature field.
Compared with test result (such as Fig. 3), practical situation is reflected well using the analog result of this model.Analysis
It was found that, it is considered to after safety tongs clamps the frictional heat effect of block and guide rail, the not even deceleration of frictional damping sliding of lift car
Motor process.At the braking initial stage, the frictional heat accumulated in contact surface is still not enough to significantly change the mechaanical property of materials, institute
Very strong with stopping power, car velocity is decayed quickly.With the carrying out of Frictional Slipping, the friction Temperature Rise on contact surface is increasingly
Height, material softening cause bearing capacity to decline, so the friction brake force of safety tongs is gradually reduced, then braking deceleration subtracts
It is little.In addition, all can be observed from simulation and measured result, in the frictional damping later stage, braking deceleration has increased.This be because
It is that, when lift car is soon braked completely, as sliding speed reduces, then frictional heat is reduced；Because thermal diffusion one
Straight row, so Contact Temperature falls after rise；Therefore the bearing capacity of material has been recovered, and friction brake force becomes big.Safety tongs action
During friction brake force change, and in simulation drawing, observe that apparent friction factor reduces the detailed information such as phenomenon,
For the frictional behaviour design of express elevator progressive safety gear is with good reference significance.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of coupled thermal mechanical method for elevator progressive safety gear, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) the pincers block-guide rail contact model of thermal stress coupling is set up in finite element analysis software；
(2) energy dissipation produced from contact surface rubbing action according to frictional heat, calculates friction horsepowerIts
In, PfFor friction horsepower, τ is Friction Shearing Stress, is calculated by the pincers block-guide rail contact model,For contact surface it
Between sliding rate；It is respectively according to the heat flow density that friction horsepower obtains being injected into two contact surfaces：fh-s=ζ η PfAnd fh-m
=(1- ζ) η Pf, wherein, fh-sAnd fh-mIt is the heat flow density for clamping block contact surface and cage guide contact surface respectively；η and ζ are respectively
Thermal conversion factor and hot partition coefficient.
2. the coupled thermal mechanical method for elevator progressive safety gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
Pincers block-guide rail contact model described in step (1) is stated, when the shear stress that safety tongs clamps certain point on contact interface of the block with guide rail reaches
When the shear strength of block of material is clamped, generation microslip at the point is defined；If per all there occurs microslip on contact interface,
Then represent macroface then occurs to sliding between pincers block and guide rail；By yield stress σ for clamping block of material uniaxial tensionsIt is determined that viscous
Shearing limit τ at junction surfacec, according to Mises yield criterions, under simple shear state, the yield stress of material is equal toTake
The shear strength of pincers block of materialAs the threshold friction shear stress τ at junction surfacec；Meanwhile, definition causes contact point stick-slip
By test, function of the ultimate shearing stress of transformation for temperature, show that the function that pincers block of material yield strength is varied with temperature is closed
System, defines threshold friction shear stress τcRelation with contact point temperature T is：
3. the coupled thermal mechanical method for elevator progressive safety gear according to claim 1, it is characterised in that will
The Thermal-mechanical Coupling CONTACT WITH FRICTION behavior of pincers block-guide rail is written as friction subprogram and is embedded into ABAQUS/Explicit calculation procedures
In, in calculating elevator progressive safety gear braking procedure, safety tongs pincers block contacts the frictional heat and friction for producing with slide
Power.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610911386.0A CN106528957A (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2016-10-19 | Thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for progressive safety gear of elevator |
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| CN201610911386.0A CN106528957A (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2016-10-19 | Thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for progressive safety gear of elevator |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109446609A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-08 | 四川大学 | A kind of method for building up of the Thermal Synthetic field analysis model of Pantograph-OCS system |
| CN117634266A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 成都市特种设备检验检测研究院(成都市特种设备应急处置中心) | Emergency braking performance analysis method for elevator brake |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109446609A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-08 | 四川大学 | A kind of method for building up of the Thermal Synthetic field analysis model of Pantograph-OCS system |
| CN109446609B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2022-09-02 | 四川大学 | Method for establishing comprehensive thermal field analysis model of bow net system |
| CN117634266A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 成都市特种设备检验检测研究院(成都市特种设备应急处置中心) | Emergency braking performance analysis method for elevator brake |
| CN117634266B (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-04-16 | 成都市特种设备检验检测研究院(成都市特种设备应急处置中心) | Emergency braking performance analysis method for elevator brake |
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Application publication date: 20170322 |