CN106523718A - Exhaust adjusting valve structure - Google Patents

Exhaust adjusting valve structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106523718A
CN106523718A CN201611010613.9A CN201611010613A CN106523718A CN 106523718 A CN106523718 A CN 106523718A CN 201611010613 A CN201611010613 A CN 201611010613A CN 106523718 A CN106523718 A CN 106523718A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
valve
valve body
spring
block
jackshaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201611010613.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106523718B (en
Inventor
张鹤
麻金贺
朱帅
吴孟兵
何延刚
杨德银
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
Original Assignee
Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp filed Critical Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
Priority to CN201611010613.9A priority Critical patent/CN106523718B/en
Publication of CN106523718A publication Critical patent/CN106523718A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106523718B publication Critical patent/CN106523718B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2028Details of bearings for the axis of rotation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32Details
    • F16K1/52Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow
    • F16K1/523Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow for limiting the maximum flow rate, using a stop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/20Excess-flow valves
    • F16K17/34Excess-flow valves in which the flow-energy of the flowing medium actuates the closing mechanism
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K25/00Details relating to contact between valve members and seats
    • F16K25/005Particular materials for seats or closure elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/0209Check valves or pivoted valves
    • F16K27/0227Check valves or pivoted valves with the valve members swinging around an axis located at the edge of or outside the valve member

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an exhausting adjusting valve structure. The exhausting adjusting valve structure comprises a valve door, a valve body, a spring, a middle shaft and a blocking rod. Mounting plates are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the mounting end of the valve body, and two fixing plates corresponding to the two mounting plates are arranged on the two sides of the connecting end of the valve door; the middle shaft penetrates through via holes in the fixing plates and is connected with the mounting plates; the middle shat is rotatably matched with the via holes; the spiral section of the spring is arranged on the middle shaft in a sleeving mode, the first mounting end of the spring is clamped into a fixing opening of the valve door, and the second mounting end of the spring is clamped into a mounting opening of the valve body; the two ends of the blocking rod are connected with the sides, away from the valve door, of the two mounting plates correspondingly; a blocking block in blocking connection with the blocking rod is arranged at the connecting end of the valve door, and when the blocking block is in blocking connection with the blocking rod, the cooperating position of the valve door and valve body has a gap; and a blocking block movement opening corresponding to the blocking block is formed in the valve body. According to the exhausting adjusting valve structure, when the blocking block is in blocking connection with the blocking rod, the cooperating position of the valve door and valve body has the gap, so that knocking sounds are better prevented.

Description

A kind of exhaust regulating valve structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of automobile parts, and in particular to a kind of exhaust regulating valve structure.
Background technology
With the continuous development of automobile product, while requirement more and more higher of the user to power performance and economy Requirement to car load comfortableness is also increasingly strict, so as to the upgrading of acoustic filter develops increasingly extensive, the application of bimodal acoustic filter Comply with.Application of the exhaust regulating valve in bimodal acoustic filter is more universal, and wherein exhaust regulating valve is a kind of by row The waste gas of gas promotes valve, and adjusting exhaust back pressure and exhaust noise by the aperture of valve improves the valve mechanism of situation. Exhaust regulating valve is applied in bimodal acoustic filter, and when electromotor is in the slow-speed of revolution, valve opening is less or is in closing shape State, so as to bimodal acoustic filter can obtain preferable low frequency soundproof effect;When engine speed is higher, valve is fully opened Preferable back pressure effect can be obtained, thereby may be ensured that the power of electromotor, moment of torsion are played.
But the problem that exhaust regulating valve brings also occurs therewith, i.e., on the one hand, valve is in closing course, it will with valve Body is collided, so as to the knock for being easier to " watchman's wooden clapper watchman's wooden clapper " occur;On the other hand, due to valve for a long time in open and close dynamic among, So that spring is after a long time use, its elasticity is weakened, causes cushion effect when closing with valve body to valve to diminish, so as to enter One step increases the knock between valve and valve body.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of exhaust regulating valve structure, easily occurs to solve exhaust regulating valve in prior art The problem of knock.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of exhaust regulating valve structure, which includes valve, valve body and spring, and which also includes jackshaft and pin, described The both sides of the installation end of valve body are relatively set with installing plate, and the both sides of the connection end of the valve are provided with and installing plate described in two One-to-one two fixed plate;The jackshaft is connected through the via in the fixed plate with the installing plate;The centre Axle is rotatably assorted with the via;The spiral section of the spring is sleeved on the jackshaft, the first installation end of the spring It is stuck in the permanent opening of the valve, the second installation end of the spring is stuck in the construction opening of the valve body;The gear The two ends of bar are connected away from the side of the valve with installing plate described in two respectively;It is provided with the connection end and the gear Bar mutually keeps off the block for connecing, and the block is mutually kept off with the pin when connecing, and has gap at the valve and the cooperation of the valve body; The block motion opening corresponding with the block is provided with the valve body.
Preferably, the value in the gap is between 3mm to 5mm.
Preferably, the bottom of the block motion opening is provided with for mutually being kept off the maximum opening of the valve for connecing with the block Angle limit face.
Preferably, when the valve maximum open angle confined planes are mutually kept off with the block and being connect, the valve is relative to institute The open angle of valve body is stated between 75 degree to 85 degree.
Preferably, axle sleeve is provided between the jackshaft and the via.
Preferably, the valve and the valve body are made by ferritic stainless steel.
Preferably, the spring is made up of nickel base superalloy.
Preferably, the jackshaft and the installing plate riveting.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
The exhaust regulating valve structure of the present invention, is provided with pin between its two installing plate, is provided with and pin on connection end The block for connecing mutually is kept off, and block is mutually kept off with pin when connecing, there is gap at valve and the cooperation of valve body, so as to preferably avoid When valve is closed with valve body, collide in both junctions and produce knock;Meanwhile, when spring is used in long-time Afterwards, its elasticity is weakened, position-limiting action of the pin with block when gear connects, and still is able to preferably avoid valve from combining with valve body Place collides, and then preferably prevents the exhaust regulating valve structure that knock occurs.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to institute in embodiment The accompanying drawing that needs are used is briefly described, and it is further specifically to the specific embodiment work of the present invention to combine accompanying drawing It is bright, wherein
Fig. 1 is the axonometric drawing of exhaust regulating valve structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is side view of the valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention with valve body in closure;
Fig. 3 is another side view of the valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention with valve body in closure;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of valve body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention and schematic diagram of the valve body in maximum open angle;
Fig. 7 is valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention and side view of the valve body in maximum open angle.
Labelling in accompanying drawing:
11st, valve body 12, installing plate 13, construction opening 14, block motion opening
21st, valve 22, fixed plate 23, block 24, permanent opening 31, spring
41st, jackshaft 42, axle sleeve 51, pin a, maximum open angle
Specific embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand technical scheme, below in conjunction with specific embodiment pair This programme is further discussed in detail.
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a kind of exhaust regulating valve structure is embodiments provided, which includes valve 21, valve body 11st, and spring 31, which also includes jackshaft 41 and pin 51, and wherein, the both sides of the installation end of valve body 11 are relatively set with peace Dress plate 12, the both sides of the connection end of valve 21 are provided with and two installing plates, 12 one-to-one two fixed plate 22;Jackshaft 41 is worn The via crossed in fixed plate 22 is connected with installing plate 12;Jackshaft 41 is rotatably assorted with via;The spiral section of spring 31 is sleeved on On jackshaft 41, the first installation end of spring 31 is stuck in the permanent opening 24 of valve 21, and the second installation end of spring 31 is stuck in In the construction opening 13 of valve body 11;The two ends of pin 51 are connected with the side on two installing plates 12 away from valve 21 respectively;Connection It is provided with end and mutually keeps off the block 23 for connecing with pin 51, block 23 is mutually kept off with pin 51 when connecing, the cooperation of valve 21 and valve body 11 Place is with gap;The block motion opening 14 corresponding with block 23 is provided with valve body 11.It is understood that two fixed plates 22 are arranged between two installing plates 12.
Exhaust regulating valve structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, is provided with pin 51, connection end between its two installing plate 12 On be provided with and mutually keep off the block 23 for connecing with pin 51, and block 23 is mutually kept off with pin 51 when connecing, the cooperation of valve 21 and valve body 11 Place when being closed with valve body 11 so as to preferably avoid valve 21, is collided in both junctions and is produced with gap Knock;Meanwhile, when spring 31 after a long time use, its elasticity is weakened, and pin 51 and block 23 are spacing when gear connects Effect, it is also possible to preferably avoid valve 21 from colliding in junction with valve body 11, and then preferably prevent the aerofluxuss to adjust There is knock in section valve arrangement.
As shown in figure 3, in order to preferably avoid producing percussion because of collision and valve body 11 between during the closure of valve 21 Sound, and avoid causing to collide between valve 21 and valve body 11 because of 31 elastic extenuation of spring, while it is also possible that bimodulus State acoustic filter has preferably soundproof effect, and the value in gap can be between 3mm to 5mm.As shown in Fig. 2 now pin 51 with Block 23 mutually keeps off and connecing, and valve 21 is in closure state.
As shown in fig. 6, in another embodiment that the present invention is provided, the bottom of block motion opening 14 can be provided with use In mutually keeping off the valve maximum open angle confined planes that connect with block 23.So by the valve maximum open angle confined planes and gear The gear of block 23 connects, and valve 21 can be limited relative to the maximum angle that valve body 11 is opened such that it is able to preferably avoid Cause the elastic extenuation problem of spring 31 because valve 21 is excessively opened, and then can preferably ensure bimodal Muffler Performance Stability.It is understood that simultaneously as the presence of spring 31, it is also possible to effectively avoid block 23 from beating with valve maximum There is larger impact between angle of release degree confined planes.
As shown in fig. 7, in order to ensure that bimodal acoustic filter has preferably acoustic attenuation performance, while also can be effectively Prevent spring 31 from excessively opening because of valve 21, and elastic extenuation occurs, valve maximum open angle confined planes are mutually kept off with block 23 When connecing, valve 21 can be between 75 degree to 85 degree relative to the open angle of valve body 11, the now as maximum opening of valve Angle a, i.e. a can be between 75 degree to 85 degree.
As shown in Fig. 2 axle sleeve 42 can be provided between jackshaft 41 and via such that it is able to reduce jackshaft 41 and mistake The frictional force during directly contact of hole so that valve 21 is easier to open.Preferably, axle sleeve can be provided with two vias 42。
Specifically, valve 21 and valve body 11 can be made up of ferritic stainless steel.Preferably, the ferritic stainless steel can Think ferritic stainless steel 436, abbreviation SUS436, so that both of which has preferably corrosion resistance.
In order to greatly improve the resistant to rust ability of spring 31, while the elasticity for being capable of preferably backward spring 31 declines Subtract, spring 31 can be made up of nickel base superalloy.Preferably, the nickel base superalloy can be nickel base superalloy 1718, Abbreviation Incol718.
Specifically, jackshaft 41 can be with riveting, so that between jackshaft 41 and installing plate 12 with installing plate 12 Connection it is more firm, and then it is higher to enable to the exhaust regulating valve reliability of structure.
Exhaust regulating valve structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, its pin 51 are mutually kept off with block 23 and connect spacing, can be preferable Avoid valve 21 close when and valve body 11 between produce collision, such that it is able to be effectively prevented valve 21 close when with valve body 11 Between the knock that occurs, and then can have larger to car load noise, vibration and sound vibration roughness performance (abbreviation NVH performances) Lifting, improve the cognitive sense of customer;While being controlled by the cooperation of block 23 and valve maximum open angle confined planes The maximum open angle a of valve 21 such that it is able to preferably avoid spring 31 that elastic extenuation occurs because valve 21 is excessively opened Problem, and then can effectively ensure the stability of bimodal acoustic filter soundproof effect.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that these embodiments are merely to illustrate this Invention rather than restriction the scope of the present invention, and, after present disclosure has been read, relevant technical staff in the field Various changes or modification can be made to the present invention, and these equivalent form of values equally fall into the application appended claims and limited Scope.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of exhaust regulating valve structure, which includes valve, valve body and spring, it is characterised in that its also include jackshaft and Pin, the both sides of the installation end of the valve body are relatively set with installing plate, and the both sides of the connection end of the valve are provided with and two One-to-one two fixed plate of the installing plate;The jackshaft is through the via in the fixed plate and the installing plate phase Even;The jackshaft is rotatably assorted with the via;The spiral section of the spring is sleeved on the jackshaft, the spring First installation end is stuck in the permanent opening of the valve, and the second installation end of the spring is stuck in the construction opening of the valve body In;The two ends of the pin are connected away from the side of the valve with installing plate described in two respectively;Arrange on the connection end Have and mutually keep off the block for connecing with the pin, the block is mutually kept off with the pin when connecing, the cooperation of the valve and the valve body Place is with gap;The block motion opening corresponding with the block is provided with the valve body.
2. exhaust regulating valve structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the value in the gap 3mm to 5mm it Between.
3. exhaust regulating valve structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bottom of the block motion opening is arranged Have for mutually keeping off the valve for connecing maximum open angle confined planes with the block.
4. exhaust regulating valve structure according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the valve maximum open angle confined planes Mutually keep off with the block when connecing, the valve relative to the valve body open angle between 75 degree to 85 degree.
5. exhaust regulating valve structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that set between the jackshaft and the via It is equipped with axle sleeve.
6. exhaust regulating valve structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the valve and the valve body are by ferrum element Body rustless steel is made.
7. exhaust regulating valve structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the spring is by nickel base superalloy system Into.
8. the exhaust regulating valve structure according to any one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that the jackshaft with it is described Installing plate riveting.
CN201611010613.9A 2016-11-15 2016-11-15 A kind of exhaust regulating valve structure Expired - Fee Related CN106523718B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611010613.9A CN106523718B (en) 2016-11-15 2016-11-15 A kind of exhaust regulating valve structure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611010613.9A CN106523718B (en) 2016-11-15 2016-11-15 A kind of exhaust regulating valve structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106523718A true CN106523718A (en) 2017-03-22
CN106523718B CN106523718B (en) 2019-02-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2571025A (en) * 2017-01-31 2019-08-14 Lions Innovations Ltd Valve apparatus and method

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2872011Y (en) * 2005-12-23 2007-02-21 刘红 One-way automatic valve
KR20100112326A (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-19 세종공업 주식회사 Variavle valve
CN102635447A (en) * 2012-04-11 2012-08-15 金华航宇汽配制造有限公司 Noise-reducing device of silencer
CN203743517U (en) * 2013-11-14 2014-07-30 北京都龙睿建科技发展有限公司 Flow-guide fire-prevention non-return device for air duct
CN203797087U (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-08-27 黄河科技学院 Rotating shaft mounting structure ofhand-operated check valve forpublic flue duct
CN104315214A (en) * 2014-08-25 2015-01-28 北京都龙睿建科技发展有限公司 Ventilating duct or flue drainage and fireproof non-return device
CN104847936A (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 上海天纳克排气***有限公司 Control valve, motor vehicle exhaust system comprising same and motor vehicle

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2872011Y (en) * 2005-12-23 2007-02-21 刘红 One-way automatic valve
KR20100112326A (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-19 세종공업 주식회사 Variavle valve
CN102635447A (en) * 2012-04-11 2012-08-15 金华航宇汽配制造有限公司 Noise-reducing device of silencer
CN203743517U (en) * 2013-11-14 2014-07-30 北京都龙睿建科技发展有限公司 Flow-guide fire-prevention non-return device for air duct
CN104847936A (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 上海天纳克排气***有限公司 Control valve, motor vehicle exhaust system comprising same and motor vehicle
CN203797087U (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-08-27 黄河科技学院 Rotating shaft mounting structure ofhand-operated check valve forpublic flue duct
CN104315214A (en) * 2014-08-25 2015-01-28 北京都龙睿建科技发展有限公司 Ventilating duct or flue drainage and fireproof non-return device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2571025A (en) * 2017-01-31 2019-08-14 Lions Innovations Ltd Valve apparatus and method

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Granted publication date: 20190212