CN106486652A - A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106486652A
CN106486652A CN201510782785.7A CN201510782785A CN106486652A CN 106486652 A CN106486652 A CN 106486652A CN 201510782785 A CN201510782785 A CN 201510782785A CN 106486652 A CN106486652 A CN 106486652A
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China
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lithium ion
graphite
ion battery
negative material
preparation
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CN201510782785.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张华�
娄文君
李虹
乔永民
徐广敏
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Shanghai Shanshan Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shanshan Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510782785.7A priority Critical patent/CN106486652A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, comprises the steps of:First native graphite and pitch are mixed, the surface modification for carrying out native graphite is processed;Then the mixture for processing surface modification carries out vacuum carbonized process;Vacuum carbonized is finally processed the material for obtaining carries out screening process, obtains finished product;Wherein, native graphite is 85 with the mass ratio of pitch:15~98:2, the temperature of charing process is 1000~1800 DEG C;The graphite negative material of lithium ion battery tap density of the present invention is high, specific surface area is little, discharge capacity and first charge-discharge efficiency are high, has extended cycle life;Its first discharge capacity in more than 360mAh/g, first charge-discharge efficiency more than 93%, cycle performance 500 weeks more than 90%;The preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery of the present invention, simple process are easy, the extensive and low cost of raw material sources.

Description

A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery production field, specifically a kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and its Preparation method.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is a kind of secondary cell, i.e. rechargeable battery, and it relies primarily on lithium ion in positive pole and negative pole Between mobile come work, in charge and discharge process, Li+Embedded and deintercalation is come and gone between two electrodes:Charge When, Li+From positive pole deintercalation, negative pole is embedded in through electrolyte, negative pole is in rich lithium state;During electric discharge then conversely, Its negative material is generally graphite cathode material, is the representative of modern high performance battery;Lithium ion battery is with its energy Metric density is high, have extended cycle life, memory-less effect the features such as, in mobile phone, notebook computer and electric tool etc. Aspect is popularized rapidly;As various products are wanted to small-size light-weight and multi-functional, long-time drivingization Ask and be continuously increased, the raising of capacity of lithium ion battery will depend on the development of negative material and perfect, therefore, For a long time, improve the specific capacity of lithium ion battery negative material, reduce irreversible capacity first, improve circulation Performance, the emphasis for always researching and developing;Ion secondary battery cathode material lithium is main based on graphite-like at present, Including Delanium, meso-phase graphite and native graphite, Delanium and meso-phase graphite are due to processed High temperature graphitization is needed to process in journey, relatively costly, its cost performance is relatively low;Native graphite has preferable stratiform to tie Structure, with very high capacitance (being close to theoretical capacity 372mAh/g), low cost but there is structural instability in which, Easily cause the common insertion of solvent molecule so as to which synusia comes off in charge and discharge process, cause cycle performance of battery poor, Security is poor, therefore which needs surface modification to process charing process again, as existing charing process is pushed bat kiln, Pushed bat kiln is continuous production kiln, and an endfeed, one end discharge, although have inert gas shielding, but entering Material and when discharging, furnace door can be opened, and air can diffuse into kiln, and natural stone under conditions of high temperature aerobic Ink can be aoxidized, therefore the change of the specific surface area of obtained negative material is big, and the filling of the battery that this negative material makes Efficiency first of discharging can reduce, cycle performance is poor, but if the specific surface area in order to reduce material again, need Increase the usage amount of modifying agent pitch, and usage amount increases, the irreversible capacity first of obtained negative material Will increase, the drawbacks of therefore this kind of kiln has certain;For these reasons, the lithium to prior art is needed Ion battery graphite cathode material and preparation method thereof is improved.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and by its system The graphite negative material of lithium ion battery for obtaining, to overcome in existing modified native graphite preparation method, modified Material specific surface area is bigger than normal, and the battery first charge-discharge irreversible capacity of making is larger, and efficiency is low first, follows The defect such as ring is poor.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, comprises the following steps:
1) native graphite and pitch is 85 according to mass ratio:15~98:2 mixing, carry out the surface of native graphite Moditied processing;
2) mixture for obtaining step 1 carries out vacuum carbonized process, vacuum carbonized treatment temperature be 1000~ 1800℃;
3) screening process are carried out the material of step 2 charing process, screening mesh number is 200-300 mesh, obtains Finished product.
As the further scheme of the present invention:Native graphite described in step 1 is spherical natural graphite, such as soil Beans shape is spherical, and average grain diameter is 5~25 μm, preferably 10~20 μm.
As the present invention further scheme:Pitch described in step 1 is asphalt or coal tar pitch, Preferably asphalt.
As the present invention further scheme:The vacuum that vacuum carbonized described in step 2 is processed is - 0.095~-0.075MPa, preferably -0.095~-0.080MPa, carbonization temperature are preferably 1100~1500 DEG C.
As the present invention further scheme:Screening process described in step 3 are preferably through 250~270 purposes Bolting.
As the present invention further scheme:The finished product prepared in step is the armorphous charcoal of Surface coating Native graphite.
Main material native graphite according to the present invention, its average grain diameter are 5~25 μm, and specific surface area exists 6~10m2/ g, parameter are as shown in table 1;And obtained in above-mentioned preparation method graphite negative electrode of lithium ion battery material Material, preferably, its average grain diameter is 10~25 μm, specific surface area is in 4.0m2Prepared by/below g, the present invention Graphite negative material of lithium ion battery performance parameter as shown in table 2.
The parameter of the main material native graphite according to the present invention of table 1
The performance parameter of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery prepared by 2 present invention of table
Can show that by Tables 1 and 2 the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery of the present invention is significantly reduced Specific surface area, improves gram volume and discharging efficiency, the high comprehensive performance of its button cell that makes.
Moreover, it relates to raw material and reagent all commercially available.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:The preparation method of the present invention is obtained excellent performance Natural graphite negative electrode material, its more excellent performance be first charge-discharge efficiency compared with the conventional products on market more High;The preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery in the present invention, simple process are easy, and raw material sources are wide General and low cost;Due to employing the method such as surface modification and special heat treatment mode, the lithium ion of the present invention Battery graphite cathode material discharge capacity and first efficiency high, good cycle, its first discharge capacity exist More than 360mAh/g, first charge-discharge efficiency more than 93%, cycle performance at 500 weeks more than 90%, Discharge capacity and first charge-discharge efficiency height, have extended cycle life;Present invention employs vacuum carbonized process to overcome The drawbacks of native graphite charing product, charing process is carried out to raw material using vacuum carbonized stove, this kiln can change Property agent pitch usage amount less in the case of be obtained the less native graphite of specific surface area, battery irreversible first Capacity is less, and efficiency is higher first for discharge and recharge, and cycle performance is preferable.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the first charge-discharge curve of graphite cathode material embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of graphite cathode material embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the cycle performance figure of graphite cathode material embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of this patent is described in more detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Raw material in the embodiment of the present invention is conventional commercial product.
It is described as follows by taking embodiment 1 as an example:
Embodiment 1
It is 16.2 μm to weigh main material A spherical natural graphite 19.2Kg, particle diameter D50, phosphorus content 99.98%, Tap density is 1.04g/cm3, specific surface area 6.9m2/g;Weigh auxiliary material B asphalt 0.8Kg, particle diameter D50 is 5.0 μm, 252 DEG C of softening point, and coking value 70.2% intersects and puts in mixing kettle, with 400r/min Rotating speed mix 60 minutes, batch mixing carries out vacuum carbonized process after terminating, vacuum be -0.09MPa, final temperature 1300 DEG C, afterwards product is cooled to room temperature, amorphous charcoal coated natural graphite is obtained, then is shaken through 270 mesh Dynamic sieve screening, the screenings for obtaining is graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, and its particle diameter D50 is 16.7 microns, Tap density is 1.10g/cm3, specific surface area 3.0m2/g;Phosphorus content 99.97%, half-cell capacity 366.9mAh/g, Efficiency 93.2% first.
As shown in table 3, concrete steps are with described in embodiment 1 for each raw material type and consumption in embodiment 1~7.
Each raw material type and consumption in 3 embodiment 1~7 of table
Embodiment Spherical graphite Pitch Spherical graphite/pitch
1 Main material A Auxiliary material B 96:4
2 Main material A Auxiliary material B 95.5:4.5
3 Main material A Auxiliary material B 95:5
4 Main material A Auxiliary material B 94.5:5.5
5 Main material A Auxiliary material B 94:6
6 Main material A Auxiliary material B 93.5:6.5
7 Main material A Auxiliary material B 93:7
Percentage described in table 3 is mass percent.
Comparative example 1
Main material A spherical natural graphite 19.2Kg is weighed, auxiliary material B asphalt 0.8Kg is weighed, intersect Put in mixing kettle, mixed 60 minutes with the rotating speed of 400r/min, batch mixing carries out pushed bat kiln charing after terminating Process, with N2Protection, 1300 DEG C of final temperature, afterwards product is cooled to room temperature, obtains amorphous charcoal bag and cover Native graphite, then through 270 mesh boltings, the screenings for obtaining is graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, Its particle diameter D50 is 17.1 microns, and tap density is 1.06g/cm3, specific surface area 4.2m2/g;Phosphorus content 99.97%, Half-cell capacity 362.2mAh/g, efficiency 91.6% first.
Comparative example 2
Main material A spherical natural graphite 19.2Kg is weighed, weighs auxiliary material C coal tar pitch 0.8Kg, particle diameter D50 For 5.1 μm, 253 DEG C of softening point, coking value 70.3%, intersection are put in mixing kettle, with 400r/min's Rotating speed mixes 60 minutes, and batch mixing carries out vacuum carbonized process after terminating, and vacuum is -0.09MPa, final temperature 1300 DEG C, afterwards product is cooled to room temperature, amorphous charcoal coated natural graphite is obtained, then is shaken through 270 mesh Dynamic sieve screening, the screenings for obtaining is graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, and its particle diameter D50 is 17.2 microns, Tap density is 1.08g/cm3, specific surface area 3.1m2/g;Phosphorus content 99.97%, half-cell capacity 363.1mAh/g, Efficiency 91.0% first.
Comparative example 3
Main material A spherical natural graphite 19.2Kg is weighed, weighs auxiliary material C coal tar pitch 0.8Kg, particle diameter D50 For 5.1 μm, 253 DEG C of softening point, coking value 70.3%, intersection are put in mixing kettle, with 400r/min's Rotating speed mixes 60 minutes, and batch mixing carries out pushed bat kiln charing process after terminating, with N2Protection, 1300 DEG C of final temperature, Afterwards product is cooled to room temperature, amorphous charcoal coated natural graphite is obtained, then through 270 mesh boltings, The screenings for obtaining is graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, and its particle diameter D50 is 17.1 microns, tap density For 1.06g/cm3, specific surface area 4.3m2/g;Phosphorus content 99.97%, half-cell capacity 361.9mAh/g, first Secondary efficiency 91.2%.
Effect example
Carry out particle diameter to the natural graphite negative electrode material in embodiment 1-7 and comparative example embodiment 1-3 respectively, shake Real density, specific surface area, phosphorus content, the discharge capacity item index test such as efficiency, loop test first;
The used instrument title of present invention test and model:
Particle diameter D50:Laser fineness gage MS2000;
Carbon content:High-temperature electric resistance furnace SX2-2.5-12;
Tap density:FZS4-4B tap density analyzer;
Assay method national standard:Tap density GB/T5162-2006/ISO3953:1993;
Present invention test half-cell tester used and method are:Make 2430 type batteries, graphite sample, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE and conductive black containing 6~7% Kynoar are mixed in proportion, and are applied to copper On paper tinsel, the pole piece for coating is put into temperature standby for 4 hours are vacuum dried in 110 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers;Simulation Battery is assemblied in the German Braun glove box of applying argon gas and carries out, and electrolyte is 1M LiPF6+EC: EMC: DMC=1: 1: 1 (volume ratio), metal lithium sheet be to electrode, electrochemistry Can test is carried out on U.S. ArbinBT2000 type cell tester, discharge and recharge system:
1) constant-current discharge (0.6mA, 0.005V);
2) (10min) is stood;
3) constant-current charge (0.05mA, 0.005V);
4) (10min) is stood;
5) constant-current discharge (0.6mA, 2.000V).
Present invention test full battery testing instrument used and method are:The graphite material of the embodiment of the present invention or comparative example Negative pole made by material, and cobalt acid lithium makees positive pole, 1M-LiPF6EC: EMC: DMC=1: 1: 1 (volume ratio) solution Make electrolyte assembling and battery is helped, 1C 500 weeks capability retentions of charge and discharge are tested more than 90.0%, such as Fig. 3 Shown.
Performance parameter such as table by obtained graphite material the step of embodiment 1~7 and comparative example 1~3 4.
Table 4 is by the performance ginseng of obtained graphite material the step of embodiment 1~7 and comparative example 1~3 Number
Can be seen that from the data of table 4:
The specific surface area of comparative example 1 is higher, is 4.2m2/g;
The efficiency first of comparative example 2 is low, is 91.0%;
The cycle performance of comparative example 3 is poor, is 83.9%;
And negative material prepared by the method for the invention is adopted, the efficiency first of such as embodiment 3 is up to 94.8%, discharge capacity 365.8mAh/g, BET are 2.6m2/ g, cycle performance are excellent, after circulation in 500 weeks Capability retention 93.2%;The electron-microscope scanning figure of embodiment 3 is as shown in Figure 2.
Lithium ion battery processing characteristics obtained by graphite cathode material of the present invention is preferable, with preferable discharge and recharge Curve (as shown in Figure 1), good cycle (as shown in Figure 3), circulation 500 capability retentions up to To 93.2%.
Stable using the lithium ion battery product property obtained by graphite cathode material of the present invention, fluctuate between batch Less, using half-cell (4/group) and the full battery (20/group) of the graphite cathode material assembling of the present invention, Charging and discharging curve per Battery pack is essentially coincided, and uniformity is preferable, the physics and chemistry of negative material prepared by the same terms Index and electrical property have reappearance.
Better embodiment to this patent is explained in detail above, but this patent is not limited to above-mentioned enforcement Mode, in the ken that one skilled in the relevant art possesses, can also be without departing from this patent ancestor On the premise of purport, various changes can be made.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
1)Native graphite and pitch are mixed, the surface modification for carrying out native graphite is processed;
2)The mixture that step 1 is obtained carries out vacuum carbonized process;
3)The material of step 2 charing process is carried out screening process, obtains finished product.
2. the preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the native graphite described in step 1 is spherical natural graphite, average grain diameter is 5 ~ 25 m.
3. the preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the average grain diameter of the native graphite is 10 ~ 20 m.
4. the preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the native graphite described in step 1 is 85 with the mass ratio of pitch:15~98:2.
5. the preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pitch described in step 1 is asphalt or coal tar pitch.
6. the preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the vacuum that the vacuum carbonized described in step 2 is processed is -0.095~-0.075MPa.
7. the preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the vacuum carbonized treatment temperature described in step 2 is 1000~1800 DEG C.
8. the preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that screening process are the bolting through 200 ~ 300 mesh in step 3.
9. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to obtained in claim 1~8 arbitrary described preparation method.
10. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the average grain diameter of the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery is 5 ~ 25 m, and specific surface area is in 5.0m2/g Below.
CN201510782785.7A 2015-11-15 2015-11-15 A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Pending CN106486652A (en)

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108217639A (en) * 2018-01-15 2018-06-29 天津锦美碳材科技发展有限公司 Compound lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof
CN108565461A (en) * 2018-01-05 2018-09-21 青岛科硕新材料科技有限公司 Cell negative electrode material, preparation method and the battery cathode made from the material
CN111370694A (en) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-03 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 High-tap-density graphite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN112670471A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-16 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 Graphite negative electrode material, lithium ion battery and preparation method and application of graphite negative electrode material
CN112670461A (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-16 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 Natural graphite carbon coated negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN112701288A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-23 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 Coated modified graphite material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery
CN112938960A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-11 乌海宝杰新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of high-compaction-density and low-specific-surface-area negative electrode material
CN113437292A (en) * 2020-03-23 2021-09-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Modified soft carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN113772668A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-12-10 湛江市聚鑫新能源有限公司 Graphite negative electrode material with high rate capability, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lithium ion battery

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CN108565461A (en) * 2018-01-05 2018-09-21 青岛科硕新材料科技有限公司 Cell negative electrode material, preparation method and the battery cathode made from the material
CN108565461B (en) * 2018-01-05 2020-08-25 青岛科硕新材料科技有限公司 Battery cathode material, preparation method thereof and battery cathode prepared from material
CN108217639A (en) * 2018-01-15 2018-06-29 天津锦美碳材科技发展有限公司 Compound lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof
CN111370694A (en) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-03 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 High-tap-density graphite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN112670461A (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-16 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 Natural graphite carbon coated negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN113437292A (en) * 2020-03-23 2021-09-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Modified soft carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN112670471A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-16 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 Graphite negative electrode material, lithium ion battery and preparation method and application of graphite negative electrode material
CN112701288A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-23 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 Coated modified graphite material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery
CN112938960A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-11 乌海宝杰新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of high-compaction-density and low-specific-surface-area negative electrode material
CN112938960B (en) * 2021-01-29 2023-09-29 乌海宝杰新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of high-compaction-density and low-specific-surface-area negative electrode material
CN113772668A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-12-10 湛江市聚鑫新能源有限公司 Graphite negative electrode material with high rate capability, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lithium ion battery
CN113772668B (en) * 2021-08-30 2024-01-23 湛江市聚鑫新能源有限公司 Graphite negative electrode material with high rate performance, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lithium ion battery

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Application publication date: 20170308