CN106483591B - A kind of in-situ nano compacting anti-reflection surface texture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of in-situ nano compacting anti-reflection surface texture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of in-situ nano compacting anti-reflection surface texture and preparation method thereof.The surface texture includes the substrate containing component of polymer, or coats the substrate of at least one layer of coating containing component of polymer, and the single layer nano-particle with anti-reflection performance positioned at outer surface thereon；The embedded substrate containing component of polymer of a part of the nano-particle, or in the outermost coating containing component of polymer of embedded substrate, another part is exposed outside；The grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-1 μm；The insertion volume of the nano-particle is at least the 2% of its own volume.Present invention firstly provides in-situ nano compact techniques, and in-situ nano compact technique is used to prepare anti-reflection surface texture for the first time, without special template, preparation method is simple, operating cost is greatly saved, and the surface texture mechanical performance obtained is superior, is resistant to clean, and has good anti-reflection effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Material Fields.More particularly, to a kind of in-situ nano suppress anti-reflection surface texture and its
Preparation method.
Background technology
In the prior art, the coating with anti-reflection performance is generally inorganic coating, polymeric coating layer, organic/inorganic
Coating, preparation method include self assembly, dip-coating, spraying, roller coating, etching, nano impression etc..
In antireflective field, nanometer embossing shows the superiority of this method in unified pattern construction.Since
One template is pressed onto one thin by nineteen ninety-five Chou (Stephen Y.Chou, Appl.Phys.Lett.67 (21), 20,1995)
Thermoplastic thin polymer film on, this progress brings one, the world brand-new technology：Nano impression.Since then, no matter when
When people remember nano impression, can all expect being pressed onto on a thin polymer film with a template, then again by template with polymerize
Object thin film separation.Many researchs prepare impression block by the methods of aluminium oxide (AAO) template, plasma etching, photoetching.So
And these method majorities are high to the precision requirement of Preparation equipment, preparation process is complicated.
If a kind of cleaning anti-reflection coating overcoming disadvantages mentioned above can be proposed, while simplifying the operation of nanometer embossing
And cost, cleaning anti-reflection coating with high performance is prepared with it, then will produce huge economy and environmental benefit.Therefore, originally
It invents a kind of anti-reflection surface texture of proposition and the coating is prepared using the in-situ nano compact technique of simplified low cost
Method.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of in-situ nanos to suppress anti-reflection surface texture, it can be appreciated that
A kind of in-situ nano compacting cleaning anti-reflection coating.
The surface texture mechanical performance is superior, is resistant to clean test, while having good anti-reflection performance, and
The functionality of the coating containing component of polymer in substrate can be coated on by change, to obtain having multi-functional anti-reflection
Anti-reflection surface texture.
The anti-reflection table is prepared using in-situ nano compact technique it is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of
The method of face structure.
In the present invention, applicant is put forward for the first time in-situ nano compact technique, and for the first time uses in-situ nano compact technique
In preparing anti-reflection surface texture.Anti-reflection nano-particle is deposited directly to the coating containing component of polymer by the present invention
Or in substrate, under impressed pressure effect, anti-reflection nanoparticle fraction is pressed into the coating containing component of polymer
Either anti-reflection particle fraction is made to be buried in the coating containing component of polymer or substrate in substrate, then passes through scouring
The weak particle (particle that do not bury) of adhesion strength is removed, the surface texture high mechanical strength finally obtained is resistant to clean.This
One method is not necessarily to special template, and preparation method is simple, and operating cost is greatly saved, and the surface texture machinery obtained
Superior performance.
To reach above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of nanometer of compacting anti-reflection surface texture, including
Substrate containing component of polymer, or
The substrate of at least one layer of coating containing component of polymer is coated thereon, and
The single layer nano-particle with anti-reflection performance positioned at outer surface；
The embedded substrate containing component of polymer of a part of the nano-particle, or embedded substrate it is outermost containing
In the coating of component of polymer, another part is exposed outside；The grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-1 μm；The nano-particle
Insertion volume be at least the 2% of its own volume.
It is highly preferred that the grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-700nm；The insertion volume of the nano-particle is its own
The 2-99% of volume.
Preferably, the particle with anti-reflection performance is selected from hollow silica ball shape nano-particle, titanium dioxide
The solid nano spherical particle of silicon, mesoporous silicon dioxide nano particle, nanometer silicon carbide particle, boron nitride nanometer particle and diamond
It is one or more in nano-particle.
Preferably, the substrate is selected from transparent glass, transparent polymer plate, transparent polymer film, transparent organic nothing
Machine composite board or crystalline ceramics.
To reach above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
The method for preparing anti-reflection surface texture as described above using nanometer compact technique, includes the following steps：
In the substrate containing component of polymer, or coating has anti-reflection performance on the coating containing component of polymer
Nano-particle；
The substrate containing component of polymer, or the generation of the coating containing component of polymer is enabled to be enough that nano-particle is enabled to be embedded in
Deformation；
Under the action of outer plus-pressure, nano-particle is pressed into polymer, control pressure makes nanoparticle fraction cover
It is embedded in the substrate containing component of polymer or coating；
Prepared coating surface is cleaned, nonadherent or weak adhesion strength nano-particle is removed, obtains final production
Product.
Preferably, the mode of the coating is lifting, spraying, spin coating, blade coating, roller coating or smears by hand.
Preferably, the impressed pressure applied is artificial application, machinery applies or full-automatic mechanical applies.
Preferably, described that the substrate containing component of polymer or coating is enabled to generate the deformation for being enough to enable nano-particle to be embedded in
Method is to be carried out while carrying out nanometer compacting before component of polymer is not fully cured or heating makes component of polymer soften
Nanometer compacting.The step can be operated optionally before or after coating anti-reflection nano-particle.
Preferably, the grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-1 μm；The burial volume of the nano-particle is at least its own
The 2% of volume.
It is highly preferred that the grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-700nm；The insertion volume of the nano-particle is its own
The 2-99% of volume.
Present invention firstly provides a kind of novel surface structures with anti-reflection performance：By anti-reflection nano-particle one
Be partially embedded into polymer, it is a part of it is exposed outside, it is advantageous that part bury the particle with anti-reflection performance
Big with component of polymer contact area, the power that be combined with each other is strong, the particle mechanical strength with anti-reflection performance that part is buried
Height is resistant to clean test.Meanwhile present invention firstly provides in-situ nano compact techniques, and for the first time by in-situ nano pressure
Technology processed is used to prepare anti-reflection surface texture.This method is not necessarily to special template, and preparation method is simple, is greatly saved
Operating cost, and the coating machinery superior performance obtained.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention discloses a kind of multi-functional anti-reflection surface texture.The surface texture includes being coated in substrate extremely
The substrate or substrate of few one layer of coating containing component of polymer inherently contain component of polymer, and part is buried in and contains
There are the coating of component of polymer or the anti-reflection particle coating in substrate；Invention additionally discloses a kind of compactings of in-situ nano to make
The method of standby multi-functional anti-reflection surface texture, since the indentation of anti-reflection particle fraction is contained polymerization by impressed pressure
It is in-situ nano compact technique in the coating or substrate of object ingredient, anti-reflection particle fraction is buried in the painting containing component of polymer
In layer or substrate, then the weak particle of binding force (particle that do not bury) being removed, the mechanical performance of the coating finally obtained is superior,
It is resistant to clean test.The in-situ nano compact technique of the present invention overcomes nanometer embossing and needs lacking for special template
It falls into, the method safety, simple and practicable, wide application；Gained coating is suitable for glass and other inorganic transparent materials, polymer sheet
Material or film, organo-mineral complexing plank, crystalline ceramics etc..
Description of the drawings
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the in-situ nano pressed surface structure in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
The flow for using in-situ nano compact technique to prepare anti-reflection surface texture Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the present invention 1 is shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 3 shows each during the in-situ nano compact technique of the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepares anti-reflection surface texture
The atomic force microscopy of stage coating surface.Wherein, (a) is polymer coating, is (b) the poly- of silicon dioxide granule coating
Object coating is closed, is (c) polymer coating of the pressed silicon dioxide granule coating of in-situ nano, is (d) after cleaning 20 times
Pressed silicon dioxide granule/the polymer coating of in-situ nano is (e) to clean the original position after 100 times again on the basis of (d) to receive
Pressed silicon dioxide granule/the polymer coating of rice.
Fig. 4 shows the pressed silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating of in-situ nano in the embodiment of the present invention 1, cleans 20
After secondary, then clean the atomic force microscopy (a) after 100 times and the height map (b) in constituency.
Fig. 5 shows blank polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the embodiment of the present invention 1；The upper coated polymers of PET apply
Layer (polymer coating/PET)；Silicon dioxide granule coating polymer coating (Nano particles of silicon dioxide/polymer coating/
PET))；The polymer coating of the pressed silicon dioxide granule coating of in-situ nano；In-situ nano is pressed after cleaning 20 times
Silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating；After cleaning 20 times, then clean the light transmittance comparison diagram of the sample after 100 times.
Fig. 6 shows the pressed silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating of the in-situ nano in the embodiment of the present invention 1, cleans
It after 20 times, then cleans sample and the PET samples of blank after 100 times and is placed 24 hours in -6 DEG C of refrigerators, shot at once after taking-up
Antifog test photo.
Specific implementation mode
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, the present invention is done further with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings
It is bright.Similar component is indicated with identical reference numeral in attached drawing.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that institute is specific below
The content of description is illustrative and be not restrictive, and should not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of multi-functional anti-reflection surface texture, including
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, and
Coated on the polymer anti-fog coating in PET base, and
The single layer Nano particles of silicon dioxide with anti-reflection performance positioned at outer surface；
In the embedded polymer anti-fog coating of a part of the Nano particles of silicon dioxide, another part is exposed outside；Institute
The grain size for stating Nano particles of silicon dioxide is 2nm-700nm；The insertion volume of the nano-particle is the 2- of its own volume
99%.
The schematic diagram of the surface texture is as shown in Figure 1, the meaning representated by number in figure is：1- substrates, 2- contain
The coating of component of polymer, 3- have the nano-particle of anti-reflection performance.
The specific preparation process of the surface texture is：1) main chain or side chain are contained to polymer powder or the master of hydroxyl
The polymer that chain or side chain contain amino is mixed with water (can be prepared, such as heating under conditions of heating water bath and stirring
Temperature is 80 DEG C~100 DEG C, preferably 85 DEG C~100 DEG C), it is that 1%~40% (preferred mass is a concentration of to be configured to mass concentration
5%~30%) aqueous solutions of polymers；2) it is 1%~85% (a concentration of 10%~70%) of preferred mass by mass concentration
The aqueous solutions of polymers that main chain or side chain contain carboxyl is mixed with the aqueous solutions of polymers that step 1) obtains, and stirring is mixed
Liquid, wherein the volume ratio for the aqueous solutions of polymers that the aqueous solutions of polymers of step 1) contains carboxyl with main chain or side chain is 1:1~
1:58；3) with acid, alkali or salt, the pH for the mixed liquor that step 2) is obtained is adjusted to pH ranging from 1~13 (preferably pH is 1~4),
It stirs after a certain period of time, ultrasound or standing and defoaming；4) solution obtained after step 3) deaeration is coated in solid substrate, is obtained
Polymer coating.The main chain or side chain contain hydroxyl polymer be selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol it is embedding
One kind in section copolymer.The polymer that the main chain or side chain contains amino is polyvinylamine or polypropylene amine etc..It is described
Main chain or the side chain polymer that contains carboxyl be polyacrylic acid (PAA) or polymethylacrylic acid.The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulphur
Acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid etc..The alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide etc..The salt is potassium acid sulfate, hydrogen sulfate
Sodium, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc..
Object anti-fog coating to be polymerized is fully cured not yet, when also having the deformation for being enough to enable nano-particle to be embedded in, by grain
Diameter is that 2 nanometers to 700 nanometers of silicon dioxide gel liquid is coated on polymer coating, under impressed pressure effect, by anti-reflection
Anti-reflection nanoparticle fraction is pressed into polymer, so that anti-reflection particle fraction is buried in polymer coating, is applied
Impressed pressure can be artificial application, and machinery applies or full-automatic mechanical applies.Hot place is carried out again after in-situ nano compacting
Reason makes polymer coating heat cross-linking.The weak particle (particle that do not bury) of adhesion strength is removed by scouring again, final we obtain
Surface texture high mechanical strength, be resistant to clean.
Analysis of Surface Topography
The forming process of the surface texture is as shown in Figure 2.Coated polymer anti-fog layer on the pet substrate first, then
Coating silicon dioxide particle coating on polymeric layer.Under impressed pressure effect, anti-reflection nanoparticle fraction is pressed into
In polymer, anti-reflection particle fraction is made to be buried in polymer coating, the impressed pressure applied can be artificial application,
Machinery applies or full-automatic mechanical applies.The weak particle (particle that do not bury) of adhesion strength is removed by scouring again, finally
The surface texture high mechanical strength of acquisition, is resistant to clean.Fig. 3 shows the in-situ nano compact technique of the embodiment of the present invention 1
Prepare the atomic force microscopy of each stage coating surface during anti-reflection surface texture.Wherein, (a) is polymer
Coating, sample surfaces are smooth, and roughness is low；(b) it is the polymer coating of silicon dioxide granule coating, silicon dioxide granule is in sky
Between be distributed, particle distribution density is high；(c) it is the polymer coating of the pressed silicon dioxide granule coating of in-situ nano, dioxy
SiClx particle distribution is essentially single layer, in addition there are a small amount of particle stacking be distributed on above-mentioned single layer particle layer, not with polymerize
Object coating layer touch；(d) be clean 20 times after the pressed silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating of in-situ nano, silica
Particle distribution is essentially single layer, is not wiped free of substantially with the particle of polymeric coating contacts on a small quantity after in-situ nano compacting；(e) it is
Clean the pressed silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating of the nanometer after 100 times, silicon dioxide granule point again on the basis of (d)
Cloth is essentially single layer.Fig. 4 shows the pressed silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating of in-situ nano, after cleaning 20 times, then cleans
The height map (b) of atomic force microscopy (a) and constituency after 100 times, display particle fraction are buried in the polymer,
37% that volume is its own grain size is buried, so the active force of particle and polymer is stronger, the mechanical strength of coating is higher.
Optical property is tested
Blank polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the embodiment of the present invention 1；(the polymerization of the upper coated polymer coatings of PET
Object coating/PET)；The polymer coating (Nano particles of silicon dioxide/polymer coating/PET) of silicon dioxide granule coating)；It is former
The polymer coating of the pressed silicon dioxide granule coating of position nanometer；The pressed titanium dioxide silicon grain of nanometer after cleaning 20 times
Son/polymer coating；Clean 20 times after, then clean the sample after 100 times light transmittance comparison diagram it is as shown in Figure 5.Due to particle
Part is buried in the polymer, and the active force of particle and polymer is stronger, and the mechanical strength of coating is higher, is resistant to clean.
Table 1 lists blank polyethylene terephthalate (PET)；The upper coated polymer coatings of PET (polymer coating/
PET)；The polymer coating (Nano particles of silicon dioxide/polymer coating/PET) of silicon dioxide granule coating)；In-situ nano
The polymer coating of pressed silicon dioxide granule coating；Clean 20 times after the pressed silicon dioxide granule of in-situ nano/
Polymer coating；Clean 20 times after, then clean maximum transmission rate of the sample after 100 times in 400-800nm wave-length coverages and
Average transmittance.
The maximum transmission rate of 1 sample of table and average transmittance list
As shown in table 1, the pressed silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating of in-situ nano after cleaning 20 times, then washes 100
The maximum transmission rate of sample and average transmittance improve 6% with respect to blank substrate after secondary.
Antifog property test
Fig. 6 shows the pressed silicon dioxide granule/polymer coating of in-situ nano prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1, wipes
It after washing 20 times, then cleans sample and the PET samples of blank after 100 times and is placed 24 hours in -6 DEG C of refrigerators, clapped at once after taking-up
The antifog test photo taken the photograph.Wherein, cated region has anti-fog performance, and blank PET hazes.It is excellent to illustrate that coating has
Anti-fog performance.
Embodiment 2
With reference to embodiment 1, the difference is that PET base is replaced with other polymers plank, thin polymer film, glass
And other inorganic transparent materials, organo-mineral complexing plank or film, crystalline ceramics do substrate, remain to obtain antifog anti-reflection
Surface texture, the antifog antireflective effect of anti-reflection having are similar to Example 1.
Embodiment 3
With reference to embodiment 1, the difference is that, by the polymer coating that PET base coats replace with polymer with it is inorganic
Object mixes or crosslinked coating, such as antifog polymer coating and silicon dioxide granule mixed coating, remains to obtain and implement
The similar result of example 1.
Embodiment 4
With reference to embodiment 1, the difference is that, substrate used is the substrate containing component of polymer, such as poly dimethyl silicon
Oxygen alkane (PDMS), heating enable the polymeric substrates generate the deformation for being enough to enable nano-particle to be embedded in, then anti-reflection particle is straight
It is connected on ambient pressure to be pushed down into the substrate for containing component of polymer, obtains anti-reflection surface texture flexible, anti-reflection
Antireflective effect is still similar to Example 1.
Embodiment 5
With reference to embodiment 1, the difference is that, the antifog polymer coating that PET base coats is replaced with into other functions
Property polymer coating or functional coating containing component of polymer, such as contains component of polymer with anti-dazzle function
Coating, the coating containing component of polymer with anti-corrosion function or with radiation proof function containing component of polymer
Coating etc., can obtain not only with this painting layer function but also has the coating of anti-reflection performance, and anti-reflection effect will not be by
It influences, it is still similar to Example 1.
Embodiment 6
With reference to embodiment 1, the difference is that, Nano particles of silicon dioxide is replaced with other with anti-reflection performance
Particle, such as hollow silica ball shape nano-particle, the solid nano spherical particle of silica, mesoporous silicon dioxide nano
Particle, nanometer silicon carbide particle, boron nitride nanometer particle, diamond nano particle remain to obtain knot similar to Example 1
Fruit.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention may be used also on the basis of the above description for those of ordinary skill in the art
To make other variations or changes in different ways, all embodiments can not be exhaustive here, it is every to belong to this hair
Row of the obvious changes or variations that bright technical solution is extended out still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of in-situ nano suppresses anti-reflection surface texture, it is characterised in that：Including
Substrate containing component of polymer, or
The substrate of at least one layer of coating containing component of polymer is coated thereon, and
The single layer nano-particle with anti-reflection performance positioned at outer surface；
The embedded substrate containing component of polymer of a part of the nano-particle, or embedded substrate is outermost contains polymerization
In the coating of object ingredient, another part is exposed outside；The grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-1 μm；The nano-particle it is embedding
Enter volume is at least its own volume 2%；
The coating containing component of polymer be have the function of anti-fog function, with anti-dazzle, with anti-corrosion function or tool
There is the coating containing component of polymer of radiation proof function.
2. a kind of in-situ nano according to claim 1 suppresses anti-reflection surface texture, it is characterised in that：The nanometer
The grain size of particle is 2nm-700nm；The insertion volume of the nano-particle is the 2-99% of its own volume.
3. a kind of in-situ nano according to claim 1 suppresses anti-reflection surface texture, it is characterised in that：It is described to have
The particle of anti-reflection performance is selected from hollow silica ball shape nano-particle, the solid nano spherical particle of silica, mesoporous
It is one or more in Nano particles of silicon dioxide, nanometer silicon carbide particle, boron nitride nanometer particle and diamond nano particle.
4. a kind of in-situ nano according to claim 1 suppresses anti-reflection surface texture, it is characterised in that：The substrate
Selected from transparent glass, transparent polymer plate, transparent polymer film, transparent organo-mineral complexing plank or crystalline ceramics.
5. the method that the anti-reflection surface texture as described in claim 1-4 is any is prepared using in-situ nano compact technique,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
In the substrate containing component of polymer, or coating receiving with anti-reflection performance on the coating containing component of polymer
Rice corpuscles；
The substrate containing component of polymer, or the coating containing component of polymer is enabled to generate the shape for being enough to enable nano-particle to be embedded in
Become；
Under the action of outer plus-pressure, nano-particle is pressed into polymer, control pressure makes nanoparticle fraction be buried in
In substrate or coating containing component of polymer；
Prepared coating surface is cleaned, nonadherent or weak adhesion strength nano-particle is removed, obtains final products.
6. the method according to claim 5 for preparing anti-reflection surface texture using in-situ nano compact technique, special
Sign is：The mode of the coating is lifting, spraying, spin coating, blade coating or roller coating.
7. the method according to claim 5 for preparing anti-reflection surface texture using in-situ nano compact technique, special
Sign is：The mode of the coating is to smear by hand.
8. the method according to claim 5 for preparing anti-reflection surface texture using in-situ nano compact technique, special
Sign is：The impressed pressure applied is that artificial application or machinery apply.
9. the method according to claim 5 for preparing anti-reflection surface texture using in-situ nano compact technique, special
Sign is：The impressed pressure applied applies for full-automatic mechanical.
10. the method according to claim 5 for preparing anti-reflection surface texture using in-situ nano compact technique, special
Sign is：The substrate of the order containing component of polymer or the generation of the coating containing component of polymer are enough to enable nano-particle embedding
The method of the deformation entered is to carry out in-situ nano compacting or heating before component of polymer is not fully cured to make component of polymer
In-situ nano compacting is carried out while softening.
11. the method according to claim 5 for preparing anti-reflection surface texture using nanometer compact technique, feature exist
In：The grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-1 μm；The burial volume of the nano-particle is at least the 2% of its own volume.
12. the method according to claim 5 for preparing anti-reflection surface texture using in-situ nano compact technique, special
Sign is：The grain size of the nano-particle is 2nm-700nm；The insertion volume of the nano-particle is the 2- of its own volume
99%。
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| US11852784B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2023-12-26 | Essilor International | Optical article comprising a substrate with embedded particles for light transmission enhancement |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5063926B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2012-10-31 | 株式会社カネカ | Method for producing antireflection substrate |
| CN106164713A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-11-23 | 富士胶片株式会社 | The manufacture method of antireflection film, polaroid, cover glass, image display device and antireflection film |
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| JP4562894B2 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2010-10-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Antireflection film and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5063926B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2012-10-31 | 株式会社カネカ | Method for producing antireflection substrate |
| CN106164713A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-11-23 | 富士胶片株式会社 | The manufacture method of antireflection film, polaroid, cover glass, image display device and antireflection film |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11852784B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2023-12-26 | Essilor International | Optical article comprising a substrate with embedded particles for light transmission enhancement |
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