CN106483564A - A kind of method carrying out fluid identification using earthquake low-frequency information - Google Patents
A kind of method carrying out fluid identification using earthquake low-frequency information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method carrying out fluid identification using earthquake low-frequency information, including：Fluid activity sex factor is extracted based on seismic data, and carries out fluid identification with reference to well-log information, described fluid activity sex factor is the dimensionless group depending on fluid activity.The method is passed through for the dimensionless group fluid activity sex factor depending on fluid activity to introduce fluid identification and evaluation field, fluid prediction coincidence rate can be effectively improved, can effectively judge and predicting reservoir fluid type, explore and exploitation offer guidance and foundation for further, in the exploration and development being applied to various stratum simultaneously easy to spread, have a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil-gas exploration and development field is and in particular to one kind carries out fluid using earthquake low-frequency information
Know method for distinguishing.
Background technology
With the constantly improve of high accuracy time-frequency analysis technology, low frequency and high-frequency information using seismic data enter
The research of row fluid identification technology becomes new focus.But carry out fluid knowledge in application seismic frequency attribute at present
Not there is a problem in that：Identify the method high precision of fluid using prestack elastic parameter, but operand is big, effect
Rate is low；Conventional poststack seismic data to the transformation of original frequency composition or may filter low frequency in processing procedure
Component or noise are unstamped thoroughly, if application have lost to oil and gas reservoir compared with sensitive frequency composition poststack ground
Shake data carries out oil and gas detection, will produce deceptive information；Many frequency attribute fluid identification factor convection cells
Sensitivity be not quite similar, indefinite with the relation of fluid.
In the prior art, conventional is according to high and low frequency using seismic frequency attribute forecast oil gas method
The seismic wave attenuation by absorption feature of section is predicted.Its ultimate principle is when seismic wave is propagated in stratum media,
By wavefront diffusion, Absorption of Medium, the transmission at interface and reflection, the anisotropy of medium, multiple reflections, instead
The form in firing area face and amplitude, with the impact of the many factors such as change of offset distance, are mainly shown as amplitude and phase place
Change.If spread speed is unrelated with frequency when seismic wave is propagated in stratum media, then just there is not frequency
Scattered phenomenon, the decay of seismic wave is mainly shown as the change of amplitude；If there is frequency dispersion in seimic wave velocity, ground
The decay of seismic wave shows as the change of amplitude and phase place, wherein seismic amplitude and the distance propagated and quality simultaneously
The factor (Q) is closely related.
Research shows, if containing fluid (particularly oil gas) in reservoir rock, reservoir has the feature of low Q,
When seismic wave is propagated in the reservoir that have accumulated oil, natural gas, seismic wave can occur inelastic attenuation, to height
The attenuation by absorption of frequency composition is higher, and low frequency energy strengthens relatively, and the seismic wave hence with high and low frequency band is inhaled
Receive decay characteristics to exist and distribution with indirect predictions oil gas.
Conventional seismic frequency attribute is can be indirect using the seismic wave attenuation by absorption feature of high and low frequency band
Predicting oil/gas, but the radio-frequency component of actual seismic signal is approximate and straightway is decayed, and absorptance description letter
Number start to decay to the whole process of end from dominant frequency, and contain more noise, serious shadow in high band
Sound asks for the result of attenuation by absorption attribute.Therefore earth formation is relatively stable, variation of lithological little in the case of,
Carry out detecting that there is obvious effect using seismic wave high frequency attenuation Graded factor to the oil-gas possibility on stratum.
But, for the strong rock formation of anisotropism, the complexity of its seismic wave filed character is so that high frequency attenuation is terraced
There is stronger multi-solution, the correct judgement of gas-bearing formation difficult to realize and water layer, and earthquake in degree attribute forecast gas-bearing formation
The high band signal to noise ratio of signal is low, also leads to carry out oil-gas recognition method shakiness using conventional seismic frequency attribute
Fixed.
Content of the invention
In order to solve a difficult problem present in above-mentioned prior art, inventor is theoretical to poroelasticity on a platform
Carry out comparative study with filtering theory, therefore can obtain the reflection in lower frequency region for the saturation fluid poroelastic medium
The approximate expression of coefficients R, as shown in formula (1),
In formula, A1And A2It is respectively the natural impedance of upper and lower medium, B is saturation fluid with porous upper and lower medium speed
(v1, v2), upper and lower medium density (ρ1,ρ2), the letter of fluid viscosity (η) and reservoir permeability (κ)
Number, unrelated with frequency, ρ is fluid density,For reflection frequency.Analysis mode (1) understands, in lower frequency region,
Reflection coefficient increases the trend with growth with frequency, and the permeability of this trend and reservoir and fluid viscosity
Etc. relevant.
Formula (1) is reduced to formula (2),
Described reflection R and a dimensionless group F depending on reservoir fluid activeness are just obtained
The approximate expression of (i.e. fluid activity sex factor), due to R in formula (2)0With B (v1,v2,ρ1,ρ2)All
WithUnrelated, therefore can be seen that fractal R and seismic reflection frequency from formula (2)Linear
Relation.
Due to
R=Zi/Zj(3)
In formula, Zi+1For interface reflected amplitude, it is ZiInterface incident amplitude.
Formula (3) is brought into formula (2), formula (4) can be obtained
It is believed that seismic reflection amplitude Z in the case that seismic wavelet energy is certaini+1With seismic reflection frequencyLinear.
As hypothesis earthquake reflected amplitude Zi+1With seismic reflection frequencyRelational expression slope be k when, that is,When, fluid activity sex factor F is：
F=B'(v1,v2,ρ1,ρ2)·k2(5)
In formula, B'(v1,v2,ρ1,ρ2) it is B (v in formula (2)1,v2,ρ1,ρ2) square inverse.
From formula (3), in lower frequency region saturation fluid porous media reservoir, fluid activity sex factor with
Seismic reflection amplitude square is directly proportional to the slope of earthquake reflection frequency.Therefore, having when determination target interval
Effect band limits, carries out Time-frequency Decomposition, after obtaining the relation of interval of interest seismic data amplitude and frequency so that it may
To obtain fluid activity sex factor.
Thus, the invention provides a kind of method carrying out fluid identification using earthquake low-frequency information, based on earthquake
Data extracts fluid activity sex factor, and carries out fluid identification with reference to well-log information, can accurate Gas Reservoir Prediction
Distribution and spatial, for natural gas exploration favo(u)rable target select provide technical guarantee.
The method carrying out fluid identification using earthquake low-frequency information of the present invention, including：Based on seismic data
Extract fluid activity sex factor, and carry out fluid identification with reference to well-log information, described fluid activity sex factor is base
Dimensionless group in fluid activity.
One of the present invention preferred embodiment in, described fluid activity sex factor and seismic reflection amplitude pair
Square being directly proportional of seismic reflection slope.
Described fluid activity sex factor and seismic reflection amplitude square are directly proportional to seismic reflection slope.
One of the present invention preferred embodiment in, described seismic data is the pre-stack seismic to target interval
Data carries out the seismic data after incident angle gathers superposition.
With respect to common seismic data and inverting section, fluid activity sex factor can preferably reflect reservoir
Quality, the production capacity of fluid in high-quality reservoir in effective Reservoir Prediction, reservoir.By fluid activity
The factor can be in the strong area prediction high-quality reservoir development area of Reservoir Heterogeneity；Can also be equal in reservoir
Characteristic of fluid in the area studies reservoir of matter or relative homogeneous.But, the extraction of fluid activity sex factor requires
Seismic data is relative guarantor's width, has the data of certain signal to noise ratio.Seismic data signal to noise ratio is higher, frequency band is wider,
The fluid activity sex factor precision extracted will be higher.
Study through inventor and find, wide-angle prestack road collection has obvious nmo stretching, and resolution seriously reduces；
And low-angle stacked section high resolution, comprise the information such as abundant amplitude, frequency, but there is the face of residual
Wave noise, signal to noise ratio relatively low it is therefore necessary to find equilibrium point, preferably ranges of incidence angles in signal to noise ratio and resolution
It is overlapped it is ensured that low-angle STACK DATA signal to noise ratio is high and resolution is also high.Thus fold preferably by middle angle
Plus data extraction fluid activity sex factor.
It should be noted that described wide-angle, middle angle and low-angle refer to by after angle of incidence decile formed by
Arrive greatly three little angular ranges.
The present invention another preferred embodiment in, based on seismic data extract fluid activity sex factor bag
Include：Described seismic data is carried out with Time-frequency Decomposition to determine optimum frequency band scope, and in described optimum frequency band scope
Interior extraction fluid activity sex factor.
Band limits directly affects the accuracy of the fluid activity sex factor of extraction.Thus utilize earthquake, well logging etc.
Data carries out seismic data target zone spectrum analyses, and applies time-frequency analysis technology that seismic trace near well is carried out with spectrum point
Solution, analyzes the spectrum variation characteristic of reservoir on the basis of time-frequency distributions, so that it is determined that the optimum frequency band model of interval of interest
Enclose and be very important.
One of the present invention preferred embodiment in, described optimum frequency band scope is 8Hz- dominant frequency, described master
Frequency is the corresponding frequency of ceiling capacity spectrum of described spectrum analyses curve.
Due to serious in below 8Hz surface wave interference, useful signal is flooded substantially.By by optimum frequency band scope
Limit within the above range, the interference of invalid data can be avoided, extract fluid activity sex factor more accurate.
The present invention another preferred embodiment in, described Time-frequency Decomposition is included based on continuous wavelet transform
Carry out Time-frequency Decomposition, obtain spectrum analyses curve.
Described Time-frequency Decomposition is the seismic data of time-space domain to be transformed into frequency domain, frequently with Fu in prior art
Leaf transformation or Short Time Fourier Transform.Short Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is although overcome Fourier transformation
Defect, but due to its window function once selecting, its time frequency resolution is just fixed up therewith, will not be at any time
Between and the change of frequency and change, this just makes it analyze the locality of seismic signal to be restricted.Because non-flat
In steady seismic data processing, for changing over the shallower signal segment (low frequency) of ratio, need to its frequency
Rate carries out careful analysis it is desirable to there be higher frequency resolution；And it is (high for changing over violent signal
Frequently) it is desirable to there be high temporal resolution.
Time-frequency Decomposition is carried out to seismic data by road using continuous wavelet transform, efficiently solves this problem,
Because it is a kind of many resolutions, multiple dimensioned signal analysis method.Compared to Short Time Fourier Transform, small echo
Conversion has more preferable time-frequency locality, be more beneficial for the low frequency that identification of hydrocarbon reservoir causes shake by force, high frequency attenuation
Etc. feature.
One of the present invention preferred embodiment in, extract fluid activity in the range of described optimum frequency band
The factor includes：Ask for the slope to earthquake reflection frequency for the seismic reflection amplitude in the range of described optimum frequency band, so
This slope is utilized to extract fluid activity sex factor afterwards.
Compared to compacted zone, show as big slope containing fluid reservoir, using gas-bearing bed, water-bearing layer in seismic data
It is obtained with the activity nature of fluid with the slope size of compacted zone three, and then carry out fluid identification.According to
Above-mentioned derivation, asks for seismic reflection amplitude first to earthquake reflection frequency in the range of described optimum frequency band
Slope, then can obtain fluid activity sex factor by this slope according to formula (3).
One of the present invention preferred embodiment in, described well-log information is that original log data is carried out
The result of log interpretation that comprehensive log interpretation obtains after processing.
The present invention another preferred embodiment in, described combination well-log information carries out fluid identification and includes：
1) cross analysis are carried out to the fluid activity sex factor extracting at well point and well-log information, make fluid and know
Other plate；
2) carry out fluid identification using the fluid activity sex factor extracting with reference to described fluid identification plate.
By cross analysis being carried out to the fluid activity sex factor and the well-log information that extract at well point it may be determined that mesh
The threshold value of different fluid type in mark interval region, the fluid identification plate making according to cross analysis result,
Dried layer, the gentle interval of water layer can intuitively be distinguished.
According to the present invention, with fluid activity sex factor as abscissa, interval transit time is vertical to described fluid identification plate
Coordinate.
By the fluid activity sex factor of described fluid identification plate and extraction is combined, compares, Ke Yizhun
The true fluid composition predicting target interval.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1) Fluid Identification Method of the present invention is passed through to depend on the dimensionless group fluid of fluid activity
Activity factor introduces fluid identification and the field of evaluation, can effectively improve fluid prediction coincidence rate, can be effective
Judge and predicting reservoir fluid type, be further to explore and develop to provide to instruct and foundation；
(2) Fluid Identification Method of the present invention is during extracting fluid activity sex factor, by entering
Firing angle degree and the screening of band limits, eliminate the impact of high frequency noise, obtain high s/n ratio and high-resolution
Shake data, beneficial to extracting high-precision fluid activity sex factor..
(3) Fluid Identification Method of the present invention is stable, workable it is easy to promote the use of each
Plant in the exploration and development on stratum, have a extensive future.
Brief description
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes a part for description, with the present invention
Embodiment be provided commonly for explain the present invention, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is implementing procedure figure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the interval spectrum analyses figure that embodiments of the invention 1 Time-frequency Decomposition obtains.
Fig. 3 is that the fluid activity sex factor of embodiments of the invention 1 calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the fluid identification plate of embodiments of the invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the fluid activity sex factor attribute profile of embodiments of the invention 1.
Specific embodiment
To describe embodiments of the present invention below with reference to drawings and Examples in detail, whereby the enforcement of the present invention
Personnel can fully understand how application technology means solving technical problem, and reach technique effect to the present invention
Realize process and be embodied as the present invention according to above-mentioned process of realizing.As long as it should be noted that not constituting conflict,
Each feature in embodiment in the present invention can be combined with each other, and the technical scheme being formed is all the present invention's
Within protection domain.
To describe the implementation process of the inventive method below based on the flow chart in accompanying drawing 1 in detail.The flow process of accompanying drawing
Step shown in figure can execute in comprising the such as computer system of one group of computer executable instructions.Though
So show the logical order of each step in flow charts, but in some cases, can be with different from herein
The shown or described step of order execution.
Object of study：Using Sichuan Basin new field construction four sections of natural gas pools of Xu jiahe as target area
Step one, the process of seismic data
Incident angle gathers superposition is carried out to the Prestack seismic data of target interval.Specifically, bury depth according to reservoir
Degree (3500m-4200m), lithology combination relation understand, 21 ° of the critical angle of target area is chosen little respectively
1 ° -7 ° of angle, 8 ° -14 ° of middle angle and 15 ° of -21 ° of three angular ranges of wide-angle are overlapped.Three angles of contrast
Degree stacked section find out, the high resolution of the profile of low-angle and middle angle in the profile of wide-angle, and in
The signal to noise ratio of the profile of angle is more than low-angle profile, hence with folding that the superposition of middle angular-trace gather obtains
Seismic data is as the data base extracting fluid activity sex factor afterwards.
Step 2, determine optimum frequency band scope
The poststack seismic data that step one is obtained carries out the Time-frequency Decomposition based on continuous wavelet transform, obtains frequency spectrum
Analysis result, as shown in Fig. 2 this seismic data dominant frequency about 25Hz about, the seismic data more than 25Hz is deposited
In obvious decay characteristics.It is thus determined that optimum frequency band scope is 8-25HZ.
Step 3, extraction fluid activity sex factor
In 8-25HZBand limits in, slope k is obtained by seismic reflection amplitude and seismic reflection frequency, such as
Shown in Fig. 3.Then fluid activity sex factor is drawn according to formula (3).
Step 4, carry out fluid identification
Using result of log interpretation, choose typical well in research area and carry out Rock physical analysis, obtain in conjunction with step 3
To fluid activity sex factor carry out carrying out cross analysis to the gas-bearing formation on well, water layer and dried layer, obtain with fluid
Activeness is vertical coordinate, the fluid identification plate with interval transit time (μ s/m) as abscissa, as shown in Figure 4.
As shown in Figure 4, the fluid activity sex factor of the gas-bearing formation of target area, water layer and dried layer exists significantly
Difference, gas-bearing formation fluid activity sex factor is maximum, next to that water layer, dried layer fluid activity sex factor minimum.Therefore,
Can be by this species diversity whole district fluid properties.
By being combined, comparing the fluid activity sex factor of described fluid identification plate and extraction, can obtain
Go out the fluid activity sex factor attribute profile of target interval, in order to predict fluid space Distribution Characteristics, such as Fig. 5
Shown.In Figure 5, top numerical value is earthquake line Taoist monastic name numerical value, and reflection is position in earthquake work area for this figure
Put, right scale is the time, unit is the second (s).Left side colour code represents the corresponding color of fluid activity sex factor
Interval, shade colour code (2.3 × 107-2.5×107), expression is high level fluid activity sex factor, represents
Stronger fluid activity, instruction fluid develops position, is gas-bearing formation.Light grey colour code is (less than 1.9 × 107),
Represent is low value fluid activity sex factor, and it is relatively low to represent fluid activity, is dried layer.Marginal
Dark grey colour code (1.9 × 107- 2.3 × 10), expression is that fluid activity is placed in the middle, is water layer.As can be seen that
This area's water layer is less, based on gas-bearing formation and dried layer.
There is blockage to indicate the oily display area of actual well drilled on each well of in figure, can be used to and predict section phase
Mutually contrast verification, thus check the accuracy of property calculation.
The result shows, according to the gas-bearing reservoir that said method identifies, identical rate is with result of log interpretation
80%, illustrate that the Fluid Identification Method of the present invention has higher precision and accuracy.
Additionally, inventor is also entered with the volcanic rock reservoir of northeast Song-liao basin Song Nan gas field battalion city group for object of study
Go fluid identification operation, the Fluid Identification Method equally demonstrating the present invention has higher precision and accuracy.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method carrying out fluid identification using earthquake low-frequency information, including：Extracted based on seismic data
Fluid activity sex factor, and carry out fluid identification with reference to well-log information, described fluid activity sex factor is based on stream
The dimensionless group of body activeness.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described fluid activity sex factor is anti-with earthquake
Penetrate amplitude square being directly proportional to seismic reflection slope.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is it is characterised in that described seismic data is to destination layer
The Prestack seismic data of section carries out the seismic data after incident angle gathers superposition.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-3 is it is characterised in that extract stream based on seismic data
Body activity factor includes：Described seismic data is carried out with Time-frequency Decomposition to determine optimum frequency band scope, and in institute
State extraction fluid activity sex factor in the range of optimum frequency band.
5. method according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described Time-frequency Decomposition is included based on continuously little
Wave conversion carries out Time-frequency Decomposition, and obtains spectrum analyses curve.
6. method according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described optimum frequency band scope is 8Hz- master
Frequently, described dominant frequency is the corresponding frequency of ceiling capacity spectrum of described spectrum analyses curve.
7. method according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that extract stream in the range of described optimum frequency band
Body activity factor includes：Ask for seismic reflection amplitude to earthquake reflection frequency in the range of described optimum frequency band
Slope, then utilizes this slope to extract fluid activity sex factor.
8. the method according to any one of claim 1-7 is it is characterised in that described well-log information is right
The result of log interpretation that original log data obtains after carrying out comprehensive log interpretation process.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1-8 is it is characterised in that described combination well-log information enters
Row fluid identification includes：
1) cross analysis are carried out to the fluid activity sex factor extracting at well point and well-log information, make fluid and know
Other plate；
2) carry out fluid identification using the fluid activity sex factor extracting with reference to described fluid identification plate.
10. method according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that described fluid identification plate is lived with fluid
Dynamic sex factor is abscissa, and interval transit time is vertical coordinate.
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| CN108549103A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-18 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Saturated porous media poststack earthquake detecting method of hydrocarbon |
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| CN109239783A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 东北石油大学 | A kind of method that well shakes choice earthquake information in combination |
| CN111856584A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir hydrocarbon detection method and device based on super-gather |
| CN112684503A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Reservoir fluid identification method and device based on post-stack seismic attributes |
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| CN111856584A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir hydrocarbon detection method and device based on super-gather |
| CN111856584B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-11-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir hydrocarbon detection method and device based on super-gather |
| CN112684503A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Reservoir fluid identification method and device based on post-stack seismic attributes |
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