CN106482732A - A kind of round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis navigation stray light inhibition method - Google Patents
A kind of round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis navigation stray light inhibition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106482732A CN106482732A CN201610899908.XA CN201610899908A CN106482732A CN 106482732 A CN106482732 A CN 106482732A CN 201610899908 A CN201610899908 A CN 201610899908A CN 106482732 A CN106482732 A CN 106482732A
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
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Abstract
A kind of round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis of the present invention is navigated stray light inhibition method, and step is：1) veiling glare species is divided three classes；2) one-level veiling glare is processed, determines one-level stray light intensity, and one-level veiling glare is suppressed；3) two grades of veiling glares are processed, determines two grades of stray light intensities, and two grades of veiling glares are suppressed；Formula veiling glare suppression technology is covered in present invention employing not only effectively, and reflect the Miniaturization Design of sensor beneficial to starlight；Stray light intensity determines that method is correct, result high precision：Principle is produced based on veiling glare, the stray light intensity of each rank and inhibition is determined in conjunction with different optical analysis instruments, and the accuracy that veiling glares at different levels determine method is verified, it is ensured that the validity of result and high accuracy；It is that the suppression of veiling glare is closely located there is provided technical support in starlight refraction navigation and the bright face source in the case of other very much.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the stray light inhibition method of optical sensor, and in particular to by the sun in starlight refraction navigation procedure
In the earth as the stray light inhibition method of periphery during the earth entrance visual field that illuminates.
Background technology
Starlight refraction navigation is to pass through earth edge using the optical sensor measurement fixed star starlight being installed on satellite
The refraction occurred during atmosphere (20～80km), obtains Horizon information indirectly, obtains position of the satellite in geocentric coordinate system,
So that it is determined that the method for satellite orbit.When high rail satellite carries out round-the-clock high accuracy using a big visual field starlight refraction sensor
During starlight refraction navigation, it is that enough refraction stars are obtained, will faces in the case that the earth is illuminated, the extracted with high accuracy earth
The problem of the dark refraction star in edge atmosphere (20～80km) place.Through analysis, it is the round-the-clock high precision star for realizing high rail satellite
Anaclasis is navigated, and the veiling glare suppression level of starlight refraction sensor need to reach 1.003RGround(RGroundFor earth radius) place's veiling glare
Brightness is less than earth photospheric radiation 1.10 × 10-3Index again.
Through investigation, the achievement in research of the On Index is not directly solved in the world, be more similar to has two kinds.One kind is
Be the detection of outer planet, i.e., the problem in dim spot source is observed in bright spot source periphery, is effectively to extract dark target, need to reduce bright target pair
The stray light of dark target, is typically realized using special optical filter or using large telescope, but starlight refraction
Bright earth during navigation in visual field is bright face source, and reflects the distribution situation of star in real time in change, using the method for special filter plate
Effective observation visual field of refraction star is not ensured that, the veiling glare of subregion can be made on the contrary even more serious, and made on satellite
The cost that is realized needed for starlight refraction navigation with large telescope will be excessive；Another kind is detected for corona, is to realize to corona
Blur-free imaging is observed, and coronagraph veiling glare suppression level is typically in 1.1R⊙(R⊙For solar radius) place radiate for solar photosphere 10-6
Times, in 2.5R⊙Locate 10 for solar photosphere radiation-8Times, although that starlight refraction navigation and corona observation face is all Liang Mianyuan
Interference of stray light, but both index difference larger, therefore, starlight refraction navigation stray light inhibition method can not and day
The suppressing method of crown instrument is lumped together, the spuious optical issue of diffraction of the particularly bright face source in optical system, covers for example with interior
The coronagraph of formula can not consider the spuious optical issue of the diffraction of bright sun picture, and reflect the liftoff ball edge of star very during starlight refraction navigation
Closely, the spuious optical issue of the diffraction for considering bright earth picture is then needed according to interior formula system of covering.
Content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being：Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of round-the-clock high accuracy starlight folding is provided
The stray light inhibition method of navigation is penetrated, to fill up the vacancy that Liang Mianyuan closely locates stray light inhibition method very much.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis navigation stray light inhibition method, step is such as
Under：
1) veiling glare species is defined
The starlight refraction sensor of selection is the optical sensor of big visual field, when in visual field, the earth is illuminated entirely, in Jiao
The veiling glare caused in plane is most strong, is divided into three-level by rank order, enters after optical system including earth direct projection light, due to
Absorptivity of the transmitance of lens and barrel etc. is not ideal value, produce reflection and scattering in the lens barrel and in earth imaging region
The one-level veiling glare that periphery causes；The two grades of veiling glares produced by bright ground ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging system diffraction；
Other veiling glares remaining, are referred to as three-level veiling glare, as intensity is very weak, can ignore；The bright earth is complete by the sun
Earth when illuminating；
2) to step 1) in one-level veiling glare suppress
21) determine stray light intensity
211) starlight refraction sensor model construction
Starlight is completed using optical system design software and Analysis for Stray Light software and reflect sensor model construction；
212) starlight refraction navigation observing environment is built；
Arranging with the earth as correspondingly sized disk away from starlight refraction sensor entrance pupil face 1000f, attribute is unrestrained
Reflection blank, and sun directional light is irradiated to which in the disk normal direction, for simulating the earth for being illuminated entirely, in conjunction with
Important sampling function in Analysis for Stray Light software, makes to be imaged out and actual earth size on starlight refraction sensor focal plane
The picture consistent with orientation；Wherein f reflects sensor focal length for starlight；
213) start ray tracing using Analysis for Stray Light software, obtain the Energy distribution data on imaging back focal plane；
214) by actual starlight refraction sensor sample rate from deriving step 213 in Analysis for Stray Light software) simulate
Data are processed, draw earth surface mean flow rate numerical value by the Energy distribution data on imaging back focal plane, and liftoff
Veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at ball edge 20km, i.e. 1.003RGroundThe veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at place, with liftoff ball edge
Veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at 20km obtain one-level stray light intensity divided by earth surface mean flow rate numerical value；Relatively
The value and the maximum acceptable value of veiling glare suppression level；If being more than the latter, illustrating that veiling glare is too strong needs to be suppressed, and enters
Step 22)；If the latter is less than or equal to, show that veiling glare need not be suppressed；
22) one-level veiling glare is suppressed
221) secondary imaging optical system is set up using optical system design software；
222) circle that inclination angle is 45 ° is set at the first focal plane of secondary imaging optical system using Analysis for Stray Light software
Taper minute surface reflective mask, blindage bottom surface size recycle Analysis for Stray Light software to complete base for the earth as the 99.8% of size
Formula starlight refraction sensor model construction is covered in the secondary imaging optical system；
223) mask the blindage at the first focal plane first, start ray tracing using Analysis for Stray Light software, obtain into
As the Energy distribution data on rear second focal plane；
224) by actual detector sample rate from deriving step 223 in Analysis for Stray Light software) emulation data, to emulating number
According to being processed, the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at earth surface mean flow rate numerical value, and liftoff ball edge 20km is drawn,
With the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at liftoff ball edge 20km divided by earth surface mean flow rate numerical value, that is, obtain in cover formula star
The one-level stray light intensity of anaclasis sensor；
225) enable in step 223) at the first focal plane for being shielded blindage be used, start light using Analysis for Stray Light software
Line trace, obtains the Energy distribution data on the second focal plane after being imaged, and processes to emulating data, draws liftoff ball edge
Veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at 20km, with the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at the liftoff ball edge 20km divided by step
224) the average luminance of a surface numerical value drawn in, that is, obtain interior formula starlight of covering and reflect inhibiting value of the sensor to one-level veiling glare；
3) to step 1) in two grades of veiling glares suppress
31) determine stray light intensity
hI(r) be the imaged system imaging of a thing after diffraction pattern on, light intensity with target inconocenter at the r, hI
R () function is referred to as point spread function, wherein ω is the radius of imaging system bore, and f is the focal length of imaging system, and λ is light wave ripple
Long, k is wave vector, J1For first-order bessel function；
I (x, y)=I0(x,y)*hI(x, y) formula (2)
Wherein (x, y) represents image coordinates, and the relation with variable r in formula (1) isI (x, y) represents picture
Light distribution, I0(x, y) is the light distribution of thing geometric image, hI(x, y) represents point spread function, and * is convolution symbol；
Due to the geometric image light distribution I after the ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging of bright ground0(x, y) is a round domain letter
Number, therefore, reflects sensor index according to starlight, based on formula (1) and formula (2), can obtain the ball warp starlight refraction of bright ground quick
After sensor imaging, light intensity distributions I (r) of formation on focal plane, so as to calculate earth surface mean flow rate numerical value, and
Due to the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value that diffraction causes at liftoff ball edge 20km, with as diffraction draws at liftoff ball edge 20km
The veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value for rising obtain two grades of stray light intensities divided by earth surface mean flow rate numerical value；Wherein to circle
The data sampling of domain function should be less than reflecting the half of sensor system Airy disk radius size equal to starlight；
32) two grades of veiling glares are suppressed
By step 31) in two grades of stray light intensities calculating and step 225) in the one-level veiling glare inhibiting value that draws
It is compared with the maximum acceptable value of veiling glare suppression level after addition, if the latter is less than, illustrates that two grades of stray light intensities exist
In tolerance interval, special suppression is not taken to process this veiling glare；If being more than the latter, two grades of stray light intensities are described not
In tolerance interval, then, in the case of starlight refraction sensor detectivity is guaranteed, sensor is reflected using starlight is increased
It is miscellaneous that the method for optical system effective aperture or minimizing starlight refraction sensor optical system focal length reduces by two grades caused by diffraction
Astigmatism strength, while return to step 2) correlation values of one-level veiling glare are recalculated, finally make two grades of stray light intensities and step
The one-level veiling glare inhibiting value that draws in rapid 225) be added after less than veiling glare suppression level maximum acceptable value.
Beneficial effects of the present invention have：
(1) stray light intensity and veiling glare inhibiting value determine that method is correct, result high precision, and stray light inhibition method has
Effect：Based on veiling glare mechanism of production, first veiling glare is classified, and is divided into three-level by rank order；In conjunction with professional light
Learn system design software and Analysis for Stray Light software caused by reflection and scattering one is determined by the method for modeling simulation analysis
Level stray light intensity and one-level veiling glare inhibiting value, the method can quickly obtain the Energy distribution on imaging back focal plane, and press
The method that actual starlight refraction sensor sample rate carries out interesting part mean flow rate calculating to emulating data ensure that result
Accuracy；Closely locate very much spuious Xanthophyll cycle in the bright earth of starlight refraction navigation and formula starlight refraction sensitivity is covered using interior
In the case of device system, carry out after distinctive bright ground ball warp starlight refraction sensor is imaged by the earth as periphery diffraction bright ring draws
The two grades of spuious Xanthophyll cycle researchs for rising, wherein calculate two grades of stray light intensities based on principle formula, and clearly several to the bright earth
The method of what transform minimum data sample rate ensure that the accuracy of result of calculation.To stray light intensities at different levels and inhibiting value
On the basis of accurately determining, formula starlight refraction sensor system suppression one-level veiling glare, increase starlight refraction is covered in conjunction with using interior
Sensor optical system effective aperture or minimizing starlight reflect sensor optical system focal length come the method for suppressing two grades of veiling glares
Ensure that a kind of effective realization of round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis navigation stray light inhibition method of the present invention.
(2) technology to the spuious Xanthophyll cycle of the bright earth is realized not only effectively using interior formula starlight refraction sensor system of covering,
And the Miniaturization Design of sensor is reflected beneficial to starlight；In addition it is that starlight refraction navigation and the bright face source in the case of other are very near
At distance, the suppression of veiling glare provides technical support.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Energy distribution design sketch on focal plane of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the Energy distribution design sketch of the second focal plane when the present invention does not install blindage；
Fig. 3 is Energy distribution effect of second focal plane after low sampling and smoothing when the present invention does not install blindage
Figure；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention installs the Energy distribution design sketch after blindage on the second focal plane.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis navigation stray light inhibition method that the present invention is provided, includes following steps successively
Suddenly：Navigation observing environment is reflected according to starlight and starlight reflects sensor index, specify the veiling glare kind that starlight reflects sensor
Class, is divided into three-level by rank order；Carry out stray light intensities at different levels successively and inhibition determines, roll over initially with starlight is built
Penetrate sensor model, starlight refraction navigation simulation observing environment development simulation analysis are built, or calculated according to principle formula
The methods such as analysis, draw the intensity of veiling glares at different levels, then are based on spuious Xanthophyll cycle index request, and too strong veiling glare is selected to close
Suitable suppressing method, finally improves model or the computing formula that builds, determines attainable veiling glare inhibition.
The stray light inhibition method of the present invention is illustrated below by way of specific embodiment：
In the present embodiment, starlight refraction sensor parameter is：In GEO track, starlight refraction sensor is all the time for satellite transit
Point to over the ground and carry out starlight refraction navigation, sensor adopts transmission type optical system, bore 100mm, focal length 240mm, 25 ° of visual field
× 25 °, under the index, the veiling glare suppression level reached needed for sensor is 1.003RGroundLocate spuious brightness less than earth light
The 1.10 × 10 of spherical radiation-3Times, remember ρmax=1.10 × 10-3.
When GEO satellite carries out starlight refraction navigation, in visual field, the position of the earth and size keep constant, when whole in visual field
To be the situation of veiling glare most serious when the individual earth is illuminated entirely by the sun, therefore, be to illustrate that starlight reflects the veiling glare of sensor
Suppression level, situation when below the research earth is illuminated entirely by the sun emphatically, the earth in this case is called the bright earth.
(1) veiling glare species
During starlight refraction navigation, the bright earth enters visual field and will cause three-level veiling glare.One-level veiling glare be by earth direct projection
After light enters optical system, as the absorptivity etc. of the transmitance of lens and barrel is not ideal value, produce in lens barrel
Reflection and the veiling glare for scattering and causing in earth imaging region periphery.Two grades of veiling glares are sensitive by the ball warp starlight refraction of bright ground
Device imaging system diffraction and produce.Three-level veiling glare is other veiling glares remaining, and the background luminance of formation is more miscellaneous than one-level
Astigmatism and two grades of veiling glares all weak.Intensity and suppressing method to veiling glares at different levels is determined individually below.
(2) the spuious Xanthophyll cycle of one-level
1) determine stray light intensity
Reflection and scattering is produced in lens barrel as one-level veiling glare is earth direct projection light and cause, therefore, below
Navigation observing environment is reflected based on starlight and starlight reflects sensor index request, first by optical system design software
Zemax and Analysis for Stray Light software tracepro builds starlight refraction sensor model and builds starlight refraction navigation observation ring
Border, then stray light intensity is determined by carrying out simulation analysis.
A. starlight reflects sensor model construction
Sensor index is reflected according to starlight, sensor optical system is reflected first by zemax Software for Design starlight.Again
Optical system is imported in tracepro software, and on this basis, complete further starlight refraction sensor lens lens barrel,
And the setting of the component such as lens support structure.According to actual conditions, starlight refraction sensor lens each several part material behavior sets
Put and see the table below.
1 starlight of table reflects sensor lens parameter list
| Absorptivity | Specular reflectivity | Specular transmittance | BRDF | |
| Lens anti-reflection film | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.994 | 0.000 |
| Lens barrel wall+supporting construction | 0.900 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.099 |
| The front/rear face of optical filter | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.900 | 0.099 |
| The front/rear face of quartz window | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.990 | 0.000 |
| Focal plane | 0.800 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.200 |
B. starlight refraction navigation observing environment is built
The main source of starlight refraction sensor veiling glare is the bright earth in visual field, therefore needs to complete to bright earth light source
Accurate description.As in actual conditions, the earth is far apart with sensor, cannot arrange in tracepro at a distance of so remote
Object；Even if arranging successfully, needing to arrange very big solar source again and light should be very close, could collect on camera lens
The sunshine through earth reflection is arrived, the performance of common computer/server much will not reached.
Through the comparison of various light sources emulation mode, finally according to image-forming principle, push away from due imaging effect is counter, from
Starlight refraction sensor entrance pupil face more remote 1000f (f reflects sensor focal length for starlight) place arranges corresponding to earth picture big
Little disk, attribute are diffusing reflection blank, and irradiate sun directional light to which in the disk normal direction, for simulating quilt
The earth for illuminating entirely, in conjunction with the important sampling function in tracepro, makes to be imaged out on starlight refraction sensor focal plane
The picture consistent with actual earth size and orientation.In arrangement above, the focal plane of optical system has carried out phase according to object distance size
The fine setting that answers, as the object distance for arranging is remote enough, focal plane position fine setting scope very little, the shadow of result is determined to stray light intensity
Sound can be ignored completely.
Start ray tracing after the parameters such as light source light line number being regulated in tracepro software, after being imaged on focal plane
Energy distribution situation as shown in figure 1, wherein must become apparent from, suitably have adjusted brightness displaying ratio for showing each energy point
Chi.
The energy on the imaging back focal plane for simulating is derived from tracepro by actual starlight refraction sensor sample rate
Amount distributed data, reuses matlab and processes to emulating data, show that earth surface mean flow rate numerical value is 0.0015, with
And (i.e. 1.003R at liftoff ball edge 20kmGroundPlace) veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value be 2.9504 × 10-5, during due to emulating not
Consideration absolute value, if therefore assuming, on focal plane, earth surface is average
The actual value of brightness is B with the proportionality coefficient of simulation result value, then earth surface mean flow rate i "bActual value can table
0.0015B is shown as, due to 1.003RGroundThe veiling glare mean flow rate at place is with earth surface mean flow rate under same simulated environment
Obtain, then 1.003RGroundPlace's veiling glare mean flow rate i "atmIt is represented by 2.9504 × 10-5B.So as to ratio value can be obtainedWherein ρmax=1.10 × 10-3, be for veiling glare suppression level
Maximum acceptable value.Simulation result illustrate the earth illuminated entirely in the case of starlight reflect sensor one-level stray light intensity
Beyond index request.
When starlight refraction sensor lens parameter is carried out idealized design, the one-level obtained using above method is spuious
Light value is 0, so as to also illustrate that spuious light value achieved above is to be entered after optical system by earth direct projection light really, due to
Absorptivity of the transmitance of lens and barrel etc. is not ideal value, produce reflection and scattering in the lens barrel and in earth imaging area
The veiling glare that domain periphery causes.
2) one-level veiling glare is suppressed
From upper conclusion, the one-level stray light intensity that the bright earth causes is very big, will beyond veiling glare suppression level
Ask, it is necessary to eliminated.The method for eliminating the veiling glare has and outer covers that formula blocks the bright earth and interior formula of covering blocks two kinds of the bright earth.
Formula is covered outward：Blindage blocks the bright earth before optical system so as to be not imaged on focal plane, while coming for not blocking
From the effective sunlight of periphery fixed star, blindage need to pay optical system certain distance, and blindage typically can not block completely from
The light of the bright earth, coverage extent become positive correlation with the distance that props up away and blindage size.
Formula is inside covered：Optical system needs secondary imaging, and blindage is placed at the first focal plane, and general conical minute surface blindage will become
The bright earth light of picture reflects cavity, and the method is imaged on, due to the bright earth, the diffraction produced at the first focal plane and in its periphery
Bright ring will image directly to the second focal plane together with refraction star, form brighter background.
Both the above method respectively has advantage and shortcoming, and covering outward formula method will be very huge for the volume for making equipment, does not meet star
The demand of anaclasis sensor miniaturization, therefore using the interior method for covering formula.
Sensor index and one-level stray light inhibition method are reflected according to starlight, starlight are improved first by zemax software
Refraction sensor Optical System Design, as secondary imaging optical system.Again the secondary imaging optical system is imported
In tracepro software, the conical mirror-reflection blindage that inclination angle is 45 ° is set, for by earth imaging at the first focal plane
Line reflection goes out body tube, and blindage bottom surface should be slightly smaller than earth imaging surface, can so reduce and starlight refraction sensor system is referred to
To the requirement of precision, blindage bottom surface size is the earth as the 99.8% of size.
On this basis, complete the lens barrel of starlight refraction sensor lens, reflection in tracepro software further to come
Setting from the component such as the reflection cavity of blindage light and lens support structure.Formula starlight refraction sensor is covered in after improving
Camera lens each several part material behavior see the table below.
After table 2 is improved, starlight reflects sensor lens parameter list
| Absorptivity | Specular reflectivity | Specular transmittance | BRDF | |
| Lens anti-reflection film | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.994 | 0.000 |
| Blindage+reflection inner cavity surface | 0.050 | 0.800 | 0.000 | 0.150 |
| Lens barrel wall+supporting construction | 0.900 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.099 |
| The front/rear face of optical filter | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.900 | 0.099 |
| The front/rear face of quartz window | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.990 | 0.000 |
| Focal plane | 0.800 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.200 |
Mask the blindage at the first focal plane first, regulate after the parameters such as light source light line number and start ray tracing, the
Energy distribution situation after being imaged on two focal planes is as shown in Fig. 2 wherein must become apparent from for showing each energy point, appropriate tune
Whole brightness displaying ratio chi.
Fig. 3 corresponds to that Fig. 2 is relatively low in sample rate, and data are carried out with the display effect after smoothing techniques, the number of the in figure
Analyze according to simultaneously it goes without doing.It is all to reflect sensor actual sample rate from tracepro by starlight with the data of matlab Treatment Analysis
The data of middle derivation.
Tracepro emulation data are analyzed using matlab, show that earth surface mean flow rate numerical value is
(i.e. 1.003R at 0.0011, and liftoff ball edge 20kmGroundPlace) veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value be 2.0825 × 10-5,
Due to not considering absolute value during emulation, if therefore assuming the actual value of earth surface mean flow rate and the ratio of simulation result value
Coefficient is A, then earth surface mean flow rate ibActual value is represented by 0.0011A, due at liftoff ball edge 20km (i.e.
1.003RGroundPlace) veiling glare mean flow rate and earth surface mean flow rate obtain under same simulated environment, then
1.003RGroundPlace's veiling glare mean flow rate iatmIt is represented by 2.0825 × 10-5A.So as to ratio value can be obtainedWherein ρmax=1.10 × 10-3, be for veiling glare suppression level
Maximum acceptable value.Simulation result illustrate the earth illuminated entirely in the case of improve after in cover formula starlight refraction sensor
When blindage is not added with, one-level stray light intensity is beyond index request.
Fig. 4 be so that the blindage at the first focal plane is used after, Energy distribution situation on the second focal plane of acquisition.Make
Tracepro emulation data are analyzed with matlab, draw 1.003RGroundThe veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at place is
2.2835×10-10, as this emulation is compared with above emulation, in addition to blindage has been added, the light source used by other, optics
Systematic parameter, ray tracing parameter etc. are just as, therefore, 1.003RGroundVeiling glare mean flow rate i 'atmIt is represented by
2.2835×10-10A.So as to formula starlight is covered in can obtaining reflect inhibiting value of the sensor to one-level veiling glareWherein ρmax=1.10 × 10-3.
Conclusions show, to cover formula starlight refraction sensor very good to the inhibition of one-level veiling glare using interior.
(3) two grades of veiling glares are suppressed
1) determine stray light intensity
Two grades of veiling glares are produced by bright ground ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging system diffraction.Starlight refraction is sensitive
Device carry out starlight refraction navigation when, as light source belongs to incoherent light source, whole process belongs to incoherent imaging, therefore be based on
Lower formula (1) and formula (2) can obtain the light intensity distributions that bright ground ball warp starlight reflects formation of the sensor on focal plane.
hI(r) be the imaged system imaging of a thing after diffraction pattern on, light intensity with target inconocenter at the r, hI
R () function is referred to as point spread function, wherein ω is the radius of imaging system bore, and f is the focal length of imaging system, and λ is light wave ripple
Long, k is wave vector, J1For first-order bessel function.
I (x, y)=I0(x,y)*hI(x, y) formula (2)
Wherein (x, y) represents image coordinates, and the relation with variable r in formula (1) isI (x, y) represents picture
Light distribution, I0(x, y) is the light distribution of thing geometric image, hI(x, y) represents point spread function, and * is convolution symbol.
Due to the geometric image light distribution I after the ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging of bright ground0(x, y) is a round domain letter
Number, therefore, reflects sensor index, formula (1) and formula (2) according to starlight, can be write on calculating focal plane using matlab
The program of light intensity distributions I (r).The luminous intensity formed on focal plane after the ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging of bright ground is obtained is divided
After cloth I (r), caused due to diffraction at earth surface mean flow rate numerical value, and liftoff ball edge 20km so as to calculating
Veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value, with the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value caused due to diffraction at liftoff ball edge 20km divided by the earth
Average luminance of a surface numerical value, that is, obtain two grades of stray light intensities ρ2=8.9910 × 10-4.Data in program to circle function are adopted
Sample is equal to the half that starlight reflects sensor system Airy disk radius size, meets sampling request.Because can simulation analysis go out
The data sampling of circle function is reflected less than or equal to starlight sensor system Airy disk radius size half when, the knot of acquisition
Fruit just can the light intensity distributions that go out in image planes of actual response.
2) stray light inhibition method determines
By the ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging system diffraction generation of bright ground in 1.003RGroundTwo grades of stray light intensities at place
ρ2=8.9910 × 10-4<ρ1, wherein ρ1=1.89 × 10-2For one-level stray light intensity.Knowable to principle, to being produced by diffraction
Two grades of spuious Xanthophyll cycle the most directly method be to increase the effective aperture of imaging system or reduce system focal, and system is burnt
Away from minimizing will directly affect the detectivity of sensor, other indexs need to be improved to ensure the detectivity of sensor, in addition,
The effective aperture of increase system will certainly increase volume and the quality of system again.Again due to ρ2+ρ1'=8.99 × 10-4+2.08×
10-7≈8.99×10-4<ρmax, wherein ρ1'=2.08 × 10-7For the inhibiting value of one-level veiling glare, ρmax=1.10 × 10-3Be for
The maximum acceptable value of veiling glare suppression level, therefore, employs the method not suppressed for two grades of veiling glares, and which will be presented as
Background luminance, can reduce the signal to noise ratio of target fixed star to a certain extent, but still within the acceptable range.
(4) three-level veiling glare is suppressed
1) determine stray light intensity
Three-level veiling glare is consisted predominantly of and does not block the earth as the diffraction at edge, and ghost image cause in 1.003RGroundPlace
Veiling glare, this kind of stray light intensity is than one-level stray light intensity and the low very many magnitudes of two grades of stray light intensities.
2) stray light inhibition method determines
Three-level stray light intensity is weaker, can ignore, but can also pass through to arrange field stop on the first focal plane, stops
Light outside visual field, to suppress veiling glare further.
Knowable to the above suppression to veiling glares at different levels, the reflected and scattering in starlight refraction sensor of bright earth light
In 1.003RGroundThe one-level veiling glare ρ that place produces1=1.89 × 10-2Very bright, exceed maximum acceptable spuious Xanthophyll cycle water
Flat ρmax=1.10 × 10-3, after blocking through interior blindage, brightness ratio is reduced to ρ1'=2.08 × 10-7.Two grades of veiling glares be due to bright
The veiling glare that earth light is produced through starlight refraction sensor imaging system diffraction, in 1.003RGroundIntensity ρ at place2=8.99 ×
10-4, the part veiling glare employs the method not suppressed.Three-level veiling glare is weaker, miscellaneous compared to one-level veiling glare and two grades
Astigmatism can be ignored.So as to obtaining, when inside covering the independent navigation in the case of formula starlight refraction sensor carries out the bright earth
1.003RGroundThe veiling glare inhibiting value ρ at placeAlways=ρ1'+ρ2≈8.99×10-4<ρmax, reached round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis and led
The veiling glare suppression level of boat is required.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of round-the-clock high precision star anaclasis is navigated stray light inhibition method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
1) veiling glare species is defined
The starlight refraction sensor of selection is the optical sensor of big visual field, when in visual field, the earth is illuminated entirely, in focal plane
On the veiling glare that causes most strong, be divided into three-level by rank order, enter after optical system, due to lens including earth direct projection light
Transmitance and the absorptivity etc. of barrel be not ideal value, produce reflection and scattering in lens barrel and in earth imaging region periphery
The one-level veiling glare for causing；The two grades of veiling glares produced by bright ground ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging system diffraction；Remaining
Other veiling glares, be referred to as three-level veiling glare, as intensity is very weak, can ignore；The bright earth is to be illuminated by the sun entirely
When the earth；
2) to step 1) in one-level veiling glare suppress
21) determine stray light intensity
211) starlight refraction sensor model construction
Starlight is completed using optical system design software and Analysis for Stray Light software and reflect sensor model construction；
212) starlight refraction navigation observing environment is built；
Arranging with the earth as correspondingly sized disk away from starlight refraction sensor entrance pupil face 1000f, attribute is diffusing reflection
Blank, and sun directional light is irradiated to which in the disk normal direction, for simulating the earth for being illuminated entirely, in conjunction with spuious
Important sampling function in light analysis software, makes to be imaged out and actual earth size and side on starlight refraction sensor focal plane
The consistent picture in position；Wherein f reflects sensor focal length for starlight；
213) start ray tracing using Analysis for Stray Light software, obtain the Energy distribution data on imaging back focal plane；
214) sensor sample rate is reflected from deriving step 213 in Analysis for Stray Light software by actual starlight) imaging that simulates
Data are processed by the Energy distribution data on back focal plane, draw earth surface mean flow rate numerical value, and liftoff ball side
Veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at edge 20km, i.e. 1.003RGroundThe veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at place, with liftoff ball edge 20km
The veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at place obtain one-level stray light intensity divided by earth surface mean flow rate numerical value；Compare the value
Maximum acceptable value with veiling glare suppression level；If being more than the latter, illustrating that veiling glare is too strong needs to be suppressed, and enters step
22)；If the latter is less than or equal to, show that veiling glare need not be suppressed；
22) one-level veiling glare is suppressed
221) secondary imaging optical system is set up using optical system design software；
222) cone that inclination angle is 45 ° is set at the first focal plane of secondary imaging optical system using Analysis for Stray Light software
Mirror-reflection blindage, for the earth as the 99.8% of size, recycling Analysis for Stray Light software is completed to be based on and is somebody's turn to do blindage bottom surface size
Formula starlight refraction sensor model construction is covered in secondary imaging optical system；
223) mask the blindage at the first focal plane first, start ray tracing using Analysis for Stray Light software, after obtaining imaging
Energy distribution data on second focal plane；
224) by actual detector sample rate from deriving step 223 in Analysis for Stray Light software) emulation data, enter to emulating data
Row process, draw the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at earth surface mean flow rate numerical value, and liftoff ball edge 20km, with from
Veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at earth edge 20km is obtained interior formula starlight of covering and rolls over divided by earth surface mean flow rate numerical value
Penetrate the one-level stray light intensity of sensor；
225) enable in step 223) at the first focal plane for being shielded blindage be used, start light using Analysis for Stray Light software and chase after
Mark, obtains the Energy distribution data on the second focal plane after being imaged, and processes to emulating data, draws liftoff ball edge 20km
The veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at place, with the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value at the liftoff ball edge 20km divided by step 224) in
The average luminance of a surface numerical value for drawing, that is, obtain interior formula starlight of covering and reflect inhibiting value of the sensor to one-level veiling glare；
3) to step 1) in two grades of veiling glares suppress
31) determine stray light intensity
hI(r) be the imaged system imaging of a thing after diffraction pattern on, light intensity with target inconocenter at the r, hI(r) letter
Number is referred to as point spread function, and wherein ω is the radius of imaging system bore, and f is the focal length of imaging system, and λ is optical wavelength, and k is
Wave vector, J1For first-order bessel function；
I (x, y)=I0(x,y)*hI(x, y) formula (2)
Wherein (x, y) represents image coordinates, and the relation with variable r in formula (1) isI (x, y) represents as light intensity
Distribution, I0(x, y) is the light distribution of thing geometric image, hI(x, y) represents point spread function, and * is convolution symbol；
Due to the geometric image light distribution I after the ball warp starlight refraction sensor imaging of bright ground0(x, y) is a circle function, because
This, reflects sensor index according to starlight, based on formula (1) and formula (2), can obtain bright ground ball warp starlight refraction sensor and become
After picture, light intensity distributions I (r) of formation on focal plane, so as to calculate earth surface mean flow rate numerical value, and liftoff ball
Due to the veiling glare mean flow rate numerical value that diffraction causes at edge 20km, with liftoff ball edge 20km due to diffraction cause miscellaneous
Astigmatism mean flow rate numerical value obtain two grades of stray light intensities divided by earth surface mean flow rate numerical value；Wherein to circle function
Data sampling should be less than equal to starlight reflect sensor system Airy disk radius size half；
32) two grades of veiling glares are suppressed
By step 31) in two grades of stray light intensities calculating and step 225) in the one-level veiling glare inhibiting value that draws be added
It is compared with the maximum acceptable value of veiling glare suppression level afterwards, if the latter is less than, illustrates that two grades of stray light intensities can connect
In the range of receiving, special suppression is not taken to process this veiling glare；If being more than the latter, illustrate two grades of stray light intensities not can
In the range of acceptance, then, in the case of starlight refraction sensor detectivity is guaranteed, sensor optics is reflected using starlight is increased
System effective aperture reduces two grades of veiling glares that the method reduction of starlight refraction sensor optical system focal length is caused by diffraction
Intensity, while return to step 2) correlation values of one-level veiling glare are recalculated, finally make two grades of stray light intensities and step
225) the one-level veiling glare inhibiting value that draws in be added after less than veiling glare suppression level maximum acceptable value.
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