CN106478021B - 一种抗冻型混凝土的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗冻型混凝土的制备方法，属于抗冻型混凝土制备技术领域。本发明首先以廉价易得的废旧轮胎胶粉为原料，经次氯酸钙和次氯酸钠复配后混合反应，再辅以双氧水，使胶粉活化，经抽滤洗涤干燥后，得到活化胶粉，再利用苯乙烯等制备混合乳液，与水泥、黄砂等按比例混合，经搅拌得到抗冻型混凝土。本发明利用混合乳液在混凝土内部失水附着于混凝土及活化胶粉表面，改善活化胶粉与混凝土的粘结强度和相容性，形成连续的膜结构，提高混凝土的强度性能和断裂韧性，使混凝土在低温工作条件下具有优良的抗冻性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗冻型混凝土的制备方法，属于抗冻型混凝土制备技术领域。
背景技术
混凝土是指由胶凝材料将骨料胶结成整体的工程复合材料的统称。通常讲的混凝土一词是指用水泥作胶凝材料，砂、石作骨料；与水（可含外加剂和掺合料）按一定比例配合，经搅拌而得的水泥混凝土，也称普通混凝土，它广泛应用于土木工程。1884年德国建筑公司购买了莫尼尔的专利，进行了第一批钢筋混凝土的科学实验，研究了钢筋混凝土的强度、耐火能力。钢筋与混凝土的粘结力。1887年德国工程师科伦首先发表了钢筋混凝土的计算方法；英国人威尔森申请了钢筋混凝土板专利；美国人海厄特对混凝土横梁进行了实验。1918年艾布拉姆发表了著名的计算混凝土强度的水灰比理论。钢筋混凝土开始成为改变这个世界景观的重要材料。自19世纪20 年代出现了波特兰水泥后，由于用它配制成的混凝土具有工程所需要的强度和耐久性，而且原料易得，造价较低，特别是能耗较低，因而用途极为广泛。同时随着建筑设计的高层及超高层化、大跨度化、地下化以及环境严酷的发展趋势，高强及超高强高性能混凝土在超高层建筑、跨海大桥、海上采油平台等大型工程中具有突出的应用优势。但目前使用的混凝土水化热高、在低气温时容易收缩开裂，体积稳定性差，外界侵蚀离子极易迁移进入混凝土内部，导致混凝土在高盐环境容易出现钢筋锈蚀，影响其使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对传统混凝土在制备和使用过程中出现的，在低气温时易收缩开裂，体积稳定性差，外界侵蚀离子极易迁移进入混凝土内部，导致混凝土在高盐环境中易出现钢筋锈蚀，影响其使用寿命的问题，本发明首先以廉价易得的废旧轮胎胶粉为原料，经次氯酸钙和次氯酸钠复配后混合反应，再辅以双氧水，使胶粉活化，经抽滤洗涤干燥后，得到活化胶粉，再利用苯乙烯等制备混合乳液，与水泥、黄砂等按比例混合，经搅拌得到抗冻型混凝土。本发明利用混合乳液在混凝土内部失水附着于混凝土及活化胶粉表面，改善活化胶粉与混凝土的粘结强度和相容性，形成连续的膜结构，提高混凝土的强度性能和断裂韧性，使混凝土在低温工作条件下具有优良的抗冻性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
（1）依次称取200～300g废旧轮胎胶粉，20～30g次氯酸钙，10～15g次氯酸钠，加入盛有1～2L去离子水的烧瓶中，再将烧杯置于水浴磁力搅拌器上，于温度为65～75℃，转速为400～600r/min条件下，恒温搅拌反应15～20min，随后在搅拌状态下，通过滴液漏斗向烧瓶中滴加200～300mL质量分数为20～25%双氧水，控制在30～45min内滴完，待滴加完毕，继续恒温搅拌反应45～60min；
（2）待反应结束，趁热抽滤，除去滤液，用去离子水洗涤滤饼直至洗涤液呈中性，再将滤饼转入真空干燥箱，于温度为75～80℃条件下，干燥4～6h，得活化胶粉，备用；
（3）按重量份数计，在混料机中依次加入100～110份去离子水，60～80份苯乙烯，30～40份丁二烯，1～3份丙烯酸，6～8份茶皂素，0.2～0.4份十二烷基苯磺酸钠，0.2～0.4份过硫酸铵，于温度为45～50℃，转速为1200～1400r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合20～30min，出料，得混合乳液；
（4）按重量份数计，在混凝土搅拌机中依次加入160～180份去离子水，4～6份木质素磺酸钠减水剂，250～300份硅酸盐水泥，600～700份黄砂，800～1200份石子，60～80份步骤（2）备用活化胶粉，40～60份上述所得混合乳液，于转速为60～80r/min条件下，搅拌混合30～45min，即得抗冻型混凝土。
本发明的应用方法是：将本发明所得抗冻型混凝土铺设于高寒地区路面，调整铺设厚度为14～16cm，再经人工修整使路面平均平整度为5～8mm，用塑料薄膜覆盖养护2～4天，再自然养护28～30天，即得混凝土铺设的路面。经检测，路面养护结束后抗压强度可达75.6～80.2MPa，经300～500次冻融试验后，重量损失率为2.2～2.4%，相对动弹性模量为85～89%，较传统混凝土路面，耐久性明显提高。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明制备方法简单，以废旧轮胎胶粉为原料，使废旧轮胎得到了充分利用，提高其附加值，同时使混凝土道路强度性能和断裂韧性得到提高，有利于抗冻型混凝土的可持续发展，兼具社会环保意义；
（2）本发明所得抗冻型混凝土应用于高寒地区路面建设，可延长混凝土路面的使用寿命，降低道路维修频率，减少资源和能源的浪费，易于工业化生产推广和实施，具有广泛的应用前景。
具体实施方式
首先依次称取200～300g废旧轮胎胶粉，20～30g次氯酸钙，10～15g次氯酸钠，加入盛有1～2L去离子水的烧瓶中，再将烧杯置于水浴磁力搅拌器上，于温度为65～75℃，转速为400～600r/min条件下，恒温搅拌反应15～20min，随后在搅拌状态下，通过滴液漏斗向烧瓶中滴加200～300mL质量分数为20～25%双氧水，控制在30～45min内滴完，待滴加完毕，继续恒温搅拌反应45～60min；待反应结束，趁热抽滤，除去滤液，用去离子水洗涤滤饼直至洗涤液呈中性，再将滤饼转入真空干燥箱，于温度为75～80℃条件下，干燥4～6h，得活化胶粉，备用；按重量份数计，在混料机中依次加入100～110份去离子水，60～80份苯乙烯，30～40份丁二烯，1～3份丙烯酸，6～8份茶皂素，0.2～0.4份十二烷基苯磺酸钠，0.2～0.4份过硫酸铵，于温度为45～50℃，转速为1200～1400r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合20～30min，出料，得混合乳液；按重量份数计，在混凝土搅拌机中依次加入160～180份去离子水，4～6份木质素磺酸钠减水剂，250～300份硅酸盐水泥，600～700份黄砂，800～1200份石子，60～80份备用活化胶粉，40～60份上述所得混合乳液，于转速为60～80r/min条件下，搅拌混合30～45min，即得抗冻型混凝土。
实例1
首先依次称取200g废旧轮胎胶粉，20g次氯酸钙，10g次氯酸钠，加入盛有1L去离子水的烧瓶中，再将烧杯置于水浴磁力搅拌器上，于温度为65℃，转速为400r/min条件下，恒温搅拌反应15min，随后在搅拌状态下，通过滴液漏斗向烧瓶中滴加200mL质量分数为20%双氧水，控制在30min内滴完，待滴加完毕，继续恒温搅拌反应45min；待反应结束，趁热抽滤，除去滤液，用去离子水洗涤滤饼直至洗涤液呈中性，再将滤饼转入真空干燥箱，于温度为75℃条件下，干燥4h，得活化胶粉，备用；按重量份数计，在混料机中依次加入100份去离子水，60份苯乙烯，30份丁二烯，1份丙烯酸，6份茶皂素，0.2份十二烷基苯磺酸钠，0.2份过硫酸铵，于温度为45℃，转速为1200r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合20min，出料，得混合乳液；按重量份数计，在混凝土搅拌机中依次加入160份去离子水，4份木质素磺酸钠减水剂，250份硅酸盐水泥，600份黄砂，800份石子，60份备用活化胶粉，40份上述所得混合乳液，于转速为60r/min条件下，搅拌混合30min，即得抗冻型混凝土。
将本发明所得抗冻型混凝土铺设于高寒地区路面，调整铺设厚度为14cm，再经人工修整使路面平均平整度为5mm，用塑料薄膜覆盖养护2天，再自然养护28天，即得混凝土铺设的路面。经检测，路面养护结束后抗压强度可达75.6MPa，经300次冻融试验后，重量损失率为2.2%，相对动弹性模量为85%，较传统混凝土路面，耐久性明显提高。
实例2
首先依次称取300g废旧轮胎胶粉， 30g次氯酸钙， 15g次氯酸钠，加入盛有2L去离子水的烧瓶中，再将烧杯置于水浴磁力搅拌器上，于温度为75℃，转速为600r/min条件下，恒温搅拌反应20min，随后在搅拌状态下，通过滴液漏斗向烧瓶中滴加300mL质量分数为25%双氧水，控制在45min内滴完，待滴加完毕，继续恒温搅拌反应60min；待反应结束，趁热抽滤，除去滤液，用去离子水洗涤滤饼直至洗涤液呈中性，再将滤饼转入真空干燥箱，于温度为80℃条件下，干燥6h，得活化胶粉，备用；按重量份数计，在混料机中依次加入110份去离子水， 80份苯乙烯， 40份丁二烯， 3份丙烯酸， 8份茶皂素， 0.4份十二烷基苯磺酸钠，0.4份过硫酸铵，于温度为50℃，转速为1400r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合30min，出料，得混合乳液；按重量份数计，在混凝土搅拌机中依次加入180份去离子水， 6份木质素磺酸钠减水剂， 300份硅酸盐水泥， 700份黄砂， 1200份石子， 80份备用活化胶粉， 60份上述所得混合乳液，于转速为80r/min条件下，搅拌混合45min，即得抗冻型混凝土。
将本发明所得抗冻型混凝土铺设于高寒地区路面，调整铺设厚度为15cm，再经人工修整使路面平均平整度为6mm，用塑料薄膜覆盖养护3天，再自然养护29天，即得混凝土铺设的路面。经检测，路面养护结束后抗压强度可达78.6MPa，经400次冻融试验后，重量损失率为2.3%，相对动弹性模量为86%，较传统混凝土路面，耐久性明显提高。
实例3
首先依次称取150g废旧轮胎胶粉，25g次氯酸钙，12g次氯酸钠，加入盛有1.5L去离子水的烧瓶中，再将烧杯置于水浴磁力搅拌器上，于温度为70℃，转速为500r/min条件下，恒温搅拌反应18min，随后在搅拌状态下，通过滴液漏斗向烧瓶中滴加250mL质量分数为22%双氧水，控制在38min内滴完，待滴加完毕，继续恒温搅拌反应50min；待反应结束，趁热抽滤，除去滤液，用去离子水洗涤滤饼直至洗涤液呈中性，再将滤饼转入真空干燥箱，于温度为78℃条件下，干燥5h，得活化胶粉，备用；按重量份数计，在混料机中依次加入105份去离子水，70份苯乙烯，35份丁二烯，2份丙烯酸，7份茶皂素，0.3份十二烷基苯磺酸钠，0.3份过硫酸铵，于温度为48℃，转速为1300r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合25min，出料，得混合乳液；按重量份数计，在混凝土搅拌机中依次加入170份去离子水，5份木质素磺酸钠减水剂，280份硅酸盐水泥，650份黄砂，1000份石子，70份备用活化胶粉，50份上述所得混合乳液，于转速为70r/min条件下，搅拌混合38min，即得抗冻型混凝土。
将本发明所得抗冻型混凝土铺设于高寒地区路面，调整铺设厚度为16cm，再经人工修整使路面平均平整度为8mm，用塑料薄膜覆盖养护4天，再自然养护30天，即得混凝土铺设的路面。经检测，路面养护结束后抗压强度可达80.2MPa，经500次冻融试验后，重量损失率为2.4%，相对动弹性模量为89%，较传统混凝土路面，耐久性明显提高。
Claims (1)
1.一种抗冻型混凝土的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）依次称取200～300g废旧轮胎胶粉，20～30g次氯酸钙，10～15g次氯酸钠，加入盛有1～2L去离子水的烧瓶中，再将烧杯置于水浴磁力搅拌器上，于温度为65～75℃，转速为400～600r/min条件下，恒温搅拌反应15～20min，随后在搅拌状态下，通过滴液漏斗向烧瓶中滴加200～300mL质量分数为20～25%双氧水，控制在30～45min内滴完，待滴加完毕，继续恒温搅拌反应45～60min；
（2）待反应结束，趁热抽滤，除去滤液，用去离子水洗涤滤饼直至洗涤液呈中性，再将滤饼转入真空干燥箱，于温度为75～80℃条件下，干燥4～6h，得活化胶粉，备用；
（3）按重量份数计，在混料机中依次加入100～110份去离子水，60～80份苯乙烯，30～40份丁二烯，1～3份丙烯酸，6～8份茶皂素，0.2～0.4份十二烷基苯磺酸钠，0.2～0.4份过硫酸铵，于温度为45～50℃，转速为1200～1400r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合20～30min，出料，得混合乳液；
（4）按重量份数计，在混凝土搅拌机中依次加入160～180份去离子水，4～6份木质素磺酸钠减水剂，250～300份硅酸盐水泥，600～700份黄砂，800～1200份石子，60～80份步骤（2）备用活化胶粉，40～60份上述所得混合乳液，于转速为60～80r/min条件下，搅拌混合30～45min，即得抗冻型混凝土。
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