CN106477574A - A kind of preparation method of environment-friendly multi-stage pore structure lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of environment-friendly multi-stage pore structure lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106477574A CN106477574A CN201610920003.6A CN201610920003A CN106477574A CN 106477574 A CN106477574 A CN 106477574A CN 201610920003 A CN201610920003 A CN 201610920003A CN 106477574 A CN106477574 A CN 106477574A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method preparing environment-friendly multi-stage pore structure lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material with Entermorpha for raw material, it is carbon source material that the method uses the reproducible Entermorpha of environmental protection, sequentially pass through bleaching, remove impurity, lyophilization, high temperature cabonization, high-temperature activation technical process, prepare hierarchical porous structure material with carbon element, finally test its chemical property with electrochemical workstation.Entermorpha used by the present invention is marine pollutant, is green recyclable materials, and preparation process is simple, gained hierarchical porous structure carbon aerogels material because the specific surface area of its super large, abundant porosity and there is high specific capacity, cyclical stability and high rate performance.Can be widely applied to electronic product, the field such as electric automobile.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of lithium ion battery material is and in particular to a kind of environment-friendly multi-stage hole of aeroge method preparation is tied
Structure lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material（Hierarchical porous carbon aerogel, HPCA）Preparation method.
Background technology
High-specific surface area, hole flourishing lithium ion battery negative material, due to there is reversible capacity high, safety
Height, it is considered to be the ideal chose of lithium ion battery negative material the advantages of environmentally safe.Traditional commercial carbon based negative electrodes
Lithium electric material is activated carbon, and material has Nano carbon balls, carbon nanosheet, CNT and grapheme material etc. recently, but these
The preparation of material generally requires the production technology of complexity so that its commercial value is relatively low at present.And activated carbon is as universal commercialization
Cell negative electrode material is undeveloped because of its duct, and the specific surface area of material is not big, thus the shortcomings of lead to its specific capacity relatively low, no
Height ratio capacity electrode of lithium cell field can be used for, govern its application in cathode of lithium battery.
In view of the defect of above commercial at present activated carbon, in order to prepare height ratio capacity lithium battery, the present invention utilizes ocean
Pollutant -- Entermorpha is carbon source, is prepared for a kind of material with carbon element of hierarchical porous structure.First, Entermorpha spreads unchecked in recent years, causes green tide
Take place frequently, the serious harm fishery of the marine eco-environment and coastal area, the sound development of tourist industry, in addition, Entermorpha itself
Cell monolayer tubular structure provides a kind of natural tubular structure, the storage beneficial to electrolyte and transmission, by lyophilization
Technique, prepare enteromorpha fiber aeroge, remain its natural tubular structure, secondly by carbonization-activation process, retain waterside
On the basis of the former tubular structure of moss fiber, Entermorpha tube wall is formed substantial amounts of micropore with mesoporous, prepare enteromorpha fiber gas
Gel porous carbon, greatly increases its specific surface area and porosity.The micro-tubular structure of this material porous provide not only more effectively
Electrode and electrolyte liquor contact area, and provide more easily path for the transmission of lithium ion, simultaneously because macropore, mesoporous,
The synergism of micropore, there is provided the passage of more lithium ion transport and short-distance transmission path, these advantages each contribute to
Improve specific capacity and the high rate performance of material.Simultaneously the loose structure on fibre wall can buffer electrode material due to lithium ion anti-
The pressure that the change in volume producing during multiple deintercalation produces, is conducive to improving the cyclical stability of material.Therefore, environment-friendly multi-stage hole
Structure lithium ion battery carbon material used as anode is remarkably improved lithium ion carbon negative pole material specific capacity, high rate performance and stable circulation
Property, it is a kind of low cost, the preferable lithium cell cathode material of environmental protection.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to improve the specific capacity phase that existing lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material exists
To relatively low, high rate performance is poor, the shortcomings of less stable, seeks to prepare a kind of height ratio capacity of green, high power is forthright and high
The lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material of stability.
The preparation method of environment-friendly multi-stage pore structure lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material proposed by the present invention is using green ring
Protecting reproducible Entermorpha is carbon source material, sequentially passes through bleaching, remove impurity, lyophilizing, high temperature cabonization, high-temperature activation technical process, system
For obtaining hierarchical porous structure material with carbon element, finally test its chemical property with electrochemical workstation.
Specifically include following steps：
Entermorpha carries out bleaching through sodium chlorite/acetum, remove impurity processes, and prepares Entermorpha airsetting with cryodesiccated method
Glue, then prepares environment-friendly multi-stage pore structure lithium ion battery and bears through high temperature cabonization preparation carbonization Entermorpha aeroge, high-temperature activation
Pole material with carbon element.
Preferably, enteromorpha fiber being placed in pH is 4-5, in the sodium chlorite/acetic acid mixed solution of 10 g/L, 70-80 DEG C
Carry out bleaching, remove impurity, be then washed to pH=7 with distillation.
Preferably, the concrete operations of high temperature cabonization are：Lyophilization is obtained Entermorpha aeroge and is placed in nitrogen in tube furnace
The lower temperature programming carbonization of protection, carburizing temperature is 600-900 DEG C, and carbonization time is 0.5-3h, heating rate is 1-5 DEG C/
min.
Preferably, the concrete operations of high-temperature activation are：Gained carbonization Entermorpha aeroge is placed in nitrogen protection in tube furnace
Lower temperature programming activation, sample is mixed with KOH, and weight is 1：1-7, activation temperature is 600-900 DEG C, and soak time is 0.5-
3h, heating rate can be adjusted to 1-5 DEG C/min；
Sample after activation is with 1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2-5h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards.
Preferably, described sublimation drying is more than 24h.
In addition, the acetum in the present invention can be replaced with the acid such as sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows being made using a kind of reproducible marine pollutant of environmental protection
For carbon matrix precursor, using the activation process of tubular structure and the KOH of Entermorpha itself, the enteromorpha fiber carbon materials of prepared hierarchical porous structure
Material.The synergism of hierarchical porous structure is conducive to diffusion and the transmission of lithium ion and electronics, thus improving the discharge and recharge of porous carbon
Capacity, improves forthright again, and the method has a low production cost, process is simple, feature easy to utilize.
Brief description
The electron microscopic picture of Fig. 1 different temperatures gained Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials, (a)（d） 700 ℃；(b)（e）
800 ℃；(c)（f） 900 ℃.
The XRD curve of Fig. 2 different temperatures gained Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials.
The cycle performance curve of Fig. 3 Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials.
The rate discharge characteristic of Fig. 4 Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one：Natural air drying after Entermorpha is cleaned, weighs over dry weight Entermorpha 6g, is placed in 195ml distilled water, adds
1.5ml glacial acetic acid, 1.9899g sodium chlorite heat 1h in 75 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control（Magneton stirs）, solution after 1h, need not be waited
Cooling, repeats above operation 5 times again, until sample turned white, sample through funnel sucking filtration, distilled water wash to pH=7, when being obtained
Cellulose be dampness when -40 DEG C freezing, with freezer dryer be dried, sublimation drying be more than 24h, obtain Entermorpha
Aeroge.The lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace by the Entermorpha obtaining aeroge, carburizing temperature is 600 DEG C, 1h,
Heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall obtains carbonization Entermorpha aeroge.By the carbonization obtaining Entermorpha aeroge and KOH by 1:
1 mass ratio mixing, is placed in activation in tube furnace, and activation temperature is 600 DEG C, activates 1h, and heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, naturally drops
Temperature, with 1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards, obtains enteromorpha fiber aeroge porous carbon materials.
Embodiment two：Natural air drying after Entermorpha is cleaned, weighs over dry weight Entermorpha 6g, is placed in 195ml distilled water, adds
1.5ml glacial acetic acid, 1.9899g sodium chlorite heat 1h in 75 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control（Magneton stirs）, solution after 1h, need not be waited
Cooling, repeats above operation 5 times again, until sample turned white, sample through funnel sucking filtration, distilled water wash to pH=7, when being obtained
Cellulose be dampness when -40 DEG C freezing, be dried with freezer dryer.Sublimation drying is more than 24h, obtains Entermorpha
Aeroge.The lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace by the Entermorpha obtaining aeroge, carburizing temperature is 700 DEG C, 1h,
Heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall obtains carbonization Entermorpha aeroge.By the carbonization obtaining Entermorpha aeroge and KOH by 1:
2 mass ratio mixing, are placed in activation in tube furnace, and activation temperature is 700 DEG C, 1h, and heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall is used
1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards, obtains enteromorpha fiber aeroge porous carbon materials.
Embodiment three：Natural air drying after Entermorpha is cleaned, weighs over dry weight Entermorpha 6g, is placed in 195ml distilled water, adds
1.5ml glacial acetic acid, 1.9899g sodium chlorite heat 1h in 75 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control（Magneton stirs）, solution after 1h, need not be waited
Cooling, repeats above operation 5 times again, until sample turned white, sample through funnel sucking filtration, distilled water wash to pH=7, when being obtained
Cellulose be dampness when -40 DEG C freezing, be dried with freezer dryer.Sublimation drying is more than 24h, obtains Entermorpha
Aeroge.The lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace by the Entermorpha obtaining aeroge, carburizing temperature is 800 DEG C, 1h,
Heating rate is 4 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall obtains carbonization Entermorpha aeroge.By the carbonization obtaining Entermorpha aeroge and KOH by 1:
3 mass ratio mixing, are placed in activation in tube furnace, and activation temperature is 800 DEG C, 1h, and heating rate is 4 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall is used
1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards, obtains enteromorpha fiber aeroge porous carbon materials.
Example IV：Natural air drying after Entermorpha is cleaned, weighs over dry weight Entermorpha 6g, is placed in 195ml distilled water, adds
1.5ml glacial acetic acid, 1.9899g sodium chlorite heat 1h in 75 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control（Magneton stirs）, solution after 1h, need not be waited
Cooling, repeats above operation 5 times again, until sample turned white, sample through funnel sucking filtration, distilled water wash to pH=7, when being obtained
Cellulose be dampness when -40 DEG C freezing, be dried with freezer dryer.Sublimation drying is more than 24h, obtains Entermorpha
Aeroge.The lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace by the Entermorpha obtaining aeroge, carburizing temperature is 900 DEG C, 1h,
Heating rate is 5 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall obtains carbonization Entermorpha aeroge.By the carbonization obtaining Entermorpha aeroge and KOH by 1:
4 mass ratio mixing, are placed in activation in tube furnace, and activation temperature is 900 DEG C, 1h, and heating rate is 5 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall is used
1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards, obtains enteromorpha fiber aeroge porous carbon materials.
Embodiment five：Natural air drying after Entermorpha is cleaned, weighs over dry weight Entermorpha 6g, is placed in 195ml distilled water, adds
1.5ml glacial acetic acid, 1.9899g sodium chlorite heat 1h in 75 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control（Magneton stirs）, solution after 1h, need not be waited
Cooling, repeats above operation 5 times again, until sample turned white, sample through funnel sucking filtration, distilled water wash to pH=7, when being obtained
Cellulose be dampness when -40 DEG C freezing, be dried with freezer dryer.Sublimation drying is more than 24h, obtains Entermorpha
Aeroge.The lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace by the Entermorpha obtaining aeroge, carburizing temperature is 700 DEG C, 1h,
Heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall obtains carbonization Entermorpha aeroge.By the carbonization obtaining Entermorpha aeroge and KOH by 1:
5 mass ratio mixing, are placed in activation in tube furnace, and activation temperature is 800 DEG C, 1h, and heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall is used
1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards, obtains enteromorpha fiber aeroge porous carbon materials.
Embodiment six：Natural air drying after Entermorpha is cleaned, weighs over dry weight Entermorpha 6g, is placed in 195ml distilled water, adds
1.5ml glacial acetic acid, 1.9899g sodium chlorite heat 1h in 75 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control（Magneton stirs）, solution after 1h, need not be waited
Cooling, repeats above operation 5 times again, until sample turned white, sample through funnel sucking filtration, distilled water wash to pH=7, when being obtained
Cellulose be dampness when -40 DEG C freezing, be dried with freezer dryer.Sublimation drying is more than 24h, obtains Entermorpha
Aeroge.The lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace by the Entermorpha obtaining aeroge, carburizing temperature is 700 DEG C, 1h,
Heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall obtains carbonization Entermorpha aeroge.Carbonization Entermorpha aeroge will be obtained, by the carbon obtaining
Change Entermorpha aeroge and press 1 with KOH:6 mass ratio mixing, are placed in activation in tube furnace, and activation temperature is 800 DEG C, 1h, heating rate
For 2 DEG C/min, Temperature fall, with 1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards, obtains enteromorpha fiber gas
Gel porous material with carbon element.
Embodiment seven：Natural air drying after Entermorpha is cleaned, weighs over dry weight Entermorpha 6g, is placed in 195ml distilled water, adds
1.5ml glacial acetic acid, 1.9899g sodium chlorite heat 1h in 75 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control（Magneton stirs）, solution after 1h, need not be waited
Cooling, repeats above operation 5 times again, until sample turned white, sample through funnel sucking filtration, distilled water wash to pH=7, when being obtained
Cellulose be dampness when -40 DEG C freezing, be dried with freezer dryer.Sublimation drying is more than 24h, obtains Entermorpha
Aeroge.The lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace by the Entermorpha obtaining aeroge, carburizing temperature is 700 DEG C, 1h,
Heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and Temperature fall obtains carbonization Entermorpha aeroge.Carbonization Entermorpha aeroge will be obtained, by the carbon obtaining
Change Entermorpha aeroge and press 1 with KOH:7 mass ratio mixing, are placed in activation in tube furnace, and activation temperature is 800 DEG C, 1h, heating rate
For 2 DEG C/min, Temperature fall, with 1 mol L-1HCl stirring and washing 2h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards, obtains enteromorpha fiber gas
Gel porous material with carbon element.
Embodiment eight：The performance test of the Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials of the present invention
By the enteromorpha fiber aeroge porous carbon materials of preparation and PVDF, conductive black is according to 8:1:1 ratio N, N- diformazan
Base Methanamide fully mixes, even application on Cu platinum, after naturally drying, 110 DEG C of vacuum dryings.By the sample strip dried punching
Piece device is cut to the disk of a diameter of 1.2cm, for the assembling of battery.Battery is assembled in glove box and carries out, the sample of our preparations
Product piece does negative pole, and metal Li piece does positive pole, uses LiPF6 electrolyte, assembles button cell.After static for the battery assembling 4h,
With blue electrical measurement test system, test its battery performance.
As shown in figure 1, Fig. 1 is the electron microscopic picture of different temperatures gained Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials, (a)（d） 700
℃；(b)（e） 800 ℃；(c)（f） 900 ℃.As can be seen from Fig.：After the method for the present invention is processed, the tubulose of Entermorpha
Structure can retain, and has substantial amounts of hole on tube wall, and pore-size distribution is relatively broad, not only comprises macropore, also
Micropore and mesoporous（2~50nm）Presence.The presence of this some holes is favorably improved the diffusion of electrolyte, and the ion improving material is led
Electrically.
Fig. 2 is the XRD curve of different temperatures gained Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials.As can be seen that carbonization Entermorpha airsetting
Glue and activation after aeroge be standard material with carbon element, do not contain other impurities.
Fig. 3 is the cycle performance curve of Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials.As can be seen from Fig.：The multi-stage porous of our preparations
Structure aerogel material possesses good stability.The sample of 800 DEG C of activation, performance is best, when it circulates 300 discharge and recharges
Afterwards, its unit specific capacity still can reach 522.9mAh g-1.
The rate discharge characteristic of Fig. 4 Entermorpha aeroge porous carbon materials.As can be seen from Fig.：The hierarchical porous structure of preparation
The high rate performance of aerogel material is also very good, still has very high specific capacity under high current density.In electric current density it is
0.1,0.2,0.5,1,2,5 under the electric current density of A g-1, capacity is respectively 876.5,729.1,529.1,422.5,
362.5, and 270.7 mAh g-1.And, when electric current density revert to 1 A g-1 by 5 A g-1, its capacity also close to
Initial capacity（When electric current density returns to 0.1 A g-1, its capacity can be retained in 827.1 mAh g-1）, fully prove its tool
Standby good stability.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of environment-friendly multi-stage pore structure lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material is it is characterised in that use green
The reproducible Entermorpha of environmental protection is carbon source material, sequentially passes through bleaching, remove impurity, lyophilization, high temperature cabonization, high-temperature activation technique mistake
Journey, prepares hierarchical porous structure material with carbon element, finally tests its chemical property with electrochemical workstation.
2. preparation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that Entermorpha carry out bleaching through sodium chlorite/acetum,
Remove impurity is processed, and prepares Entermorpha aeroge with cryodesiccated method, then through high temperature cabonization preparation carbonization Entermorpha aeroge, height
Environment-friendly multi-stage pore structure lithium ion battery negative pole carbon material is prepared in warm activation.
3. preparation method according to claim 2 it is characterised in that by enteromorpha fiber be placed in pH be 4-5, the Asia of 10 g/L
In sodium chlorate/acetic acid mixed solution, 70-80 DEG C carry out bleaching, remove impurity, be then washed to pH=7 with distillation.
4. preparation method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that the concrete operations of high temperature cabonization are：By lyophilization
Obtain Entermorpha aeroge and be placed in the lower temperature programming carbonization of nitrogen protection in tube furnace, carburizing temperature is 600-900 DEG C, during carbonization
Between be 0.5-3h, heating rate be 1-5 DEG C/min.
5. preparation method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that the concrete operations of high-temperature activation are：By gained carbonization
Entermorpha aeroge is placed in the lower temperature programming activation of nitrogen protection in tube furnace, and sample is mixed with KOH, and weight is 1：1-7, activation temperature
Spend for 600-900 DEG C, soak time is 0.5-3h, heating rate can be adjusted to 1-5 DEG C/min；Sample after activation 1 mol/
L HCl stirring and washing 2-5h, is washed to neutrality with distillation afterwards.
6. preparation method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that acetum can use sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, wine
Stone acid.
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| CN107640757A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-30 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method of compound carbosphere and compound carbosphere and its lithium-ion capacitor being prepared |
| CN108461755A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of lithium metal battery cathode framework material and preparation method thereof and lithium metal battery cathode |
| CN109133195A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-04 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of bimetallic oxide adulterates biomass porous carbon material and preparation method thereof and the application in terms of Dye Adsorption |
| CN110465262A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-19 | 天津大学（青岛）海洋工程研究院有限公司 | The method for removing heavy metal cadmium in water removal using the modified Enteromorpha charcoal of potassium hydroxide |
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| CN107640757A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-30 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method of compound carbosphere and compound carbosphere and its lithium-ion capacitor being prepared |
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| CN112467109A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Activated carbon material, composite material, cathode material and cathode sheet of zinc ion energy storage device and zinc ion energy storage device |
| CN114361392A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-15 | 烟台大学 | Sodium metal negative electrode prepared from enteromorpha and preparation method thereof |
| CN114361392B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2024-04-16 | 烟台大学 | Sodium metal negative electrode prepared from enteromorpha and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170308 |