CN106475500A - A kind of Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology - Google Patents
A kind of Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106475500A CN106475500A CN201510554248.7A CN201510554248A CN106475500A CN 106475500 A CN106475500 A CN 106475500A CN 201510554248 A CN201510554248 A CN 201510554248A CN 106475500 A CN106475500 A CN 106475500A
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Abstract
A kind of Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology, heats the steel ingot that need to forge, insulation, makes steel ingot center portion consistent with external temperature, the uniform heat penetration of steel ingot；Using existing forging method, steel ingot is pulled out, anvil width ratio 0.8～0.9；Reduction ratio at least 20% every time, once completes steel ingot pulling；The square stage adopts WHF forging method, SUF forging method or TER forging method, and using wrong anvil pulling technique；Wide anvil forging method forges flat in the height direction, forms blank；The blank length of blanking and blank width ratio≤1.5；Square, all directions, rounding, forging molding will be forged by existing forging method, obtain Heavy Pan Forgings.This forging technology carries out compacting forging thoroughly during pulling to blank, and upsetting formation retains former forging tissue substantially and streamline is not destroyed, and solves the technological difficulties of tube sheet forging.Ultrasonic flaw detection qualification rate close to 100%, good mechanical performance, be entirely capable of meeting the requirement of properties of product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Grand Equipments large foundation forge piece technical field, it is related to the forging technology that a kind of electric power, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, nuclear power, shipbuilding, railway, mine, Aero-Space, military project, engineering etc. equip large foundation forge piece, particularly to a kind of Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology.
Background technology
Dish-shaped forgings belong to solid forging, are one of typical forging of forging on a hydraulic press it is desirable to the direct forging and molding of large-scale steel ingot using high-quality.And Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology is always one of the FMT being most difficult in large forgings grasp, because steel ingot has its inherent shortcoming, such as segregation, be mingled with, loose, thick column crystal etc.；With the raising of metallurgical quality, these defects can reduce, but can not eliminate.Lead to ultrasonic examination first-time qualification rate in actual production general all below 50%, percent defective height, production cost is high, and enterprises' loss is big.Traditional cake class FMT is limited to intrinsic jumping-up pulling upsetting formation technique idea substantially, and constantly carry out process modification on this basis, although the qualification rate of forging increases, generally speaking, due to not breaking through original technique, limited by this traditional handicraft inherent shortcoming, the factor of impact technological parameter is too many, grasp difficulty, forging quality fluctuation is very big, does not fundamentally solve a forging technology difficult problem for this forging.There is intensive defect in a large number in the Heavy Pan Forgings that routine is forged in distance center certain limit, through dissection and analysis, defect is transversal crack, is not white point, is to be caused by fierce detrusion in metal weakness, for being mingled with type crackle.The essence of dish-shaped forgings technique is to solve forging thoroughly, compaction process and prevent inclusion crack and effectively reduce the forging technology of lamellar field trash, because the last forming process of traditional dish-shaped forgings is upsetting formation, general upset ratio is larger, especially in center portion deformation acutely, strain regime is longitudinal compression, two to stretching, the compressed deformation of streamlined field trash that preamble pulling is formed forms lamellar field trash again, inclusion area is caused to increase and unavoidably become lamellar, i.e. follow-up Upsetting destroys preamble and pulls out the refinement to field trash and peptizaiton, the result being reflected in ultrasonic examination is, the intensive defect of sheet is assumed in the certain region of center portion, lead to ultrasonic examination unqualified.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology, the intensive defect of sheet will not be assumed in forging center portion region, improve workpiece quality.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology is it is characterised in that this forging technology is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
Step 1：Heat by the steel ingot that the material of steel ingot is forged to need, and be incubated, make steel ingot center portion temperature consistent with external temperature, the uniform heat penetration of steel ingot；
Step 2：Using existing forging method, steel ingot is pulled out, anvil width ratio 0.8～0.9；Reduction ratio is at least 20% every time, once completes the pulling of steel ingot；Subsequently enter the square stage：Using WHF forging method, SUF forging method or TER forging method, and forged using wrong anvil pulling technique：First along the length direction of steel ingot, the first plane is forged on steel ingot, then this first plane is placed on anvil, the second plane of forging and the first plane parallel on steel ingot, again steel ingot is positioned on anvil, make two planes of forging perpendicular with anvil face, forge threeth plane perpendicular with the first plane, afterwards, 3rd plane is placed on anvil, forges fourth plane；
Step 3：Flat is forged in the height direction using wide anvil forging method, anvil width ratio is 0.8～0.9, forms blank；
Step 4：Blank size is calculated according to the weight of forging, and makes the length of blank and blank width ratio≤1.5 that blanking obtains；
Step 5：By existing forging method, blank forging is become square, more from all directions, last rounding, obtain semi-finished product；
Step 6：By existing forging method by semi-finished product forging molding, obtain Heavy Pan Forgings.
Forging technology of the present invention is entirely different with existing dish-shaped forgings forging technology route, using various special forging methods, blank is compacted during pulling and is forged, and in follow-up upsetting formation also basic retain before forging tissue and streamline and do not destroy streamline, make full use of the formed streamline of preamble pulling, fundamentally solve the technological difficulties of tube sheet forging.Process route is simple, and Technology is reliable, forging ultrasonic flaw detection qualification rate close to 100%, good mechanical performance, be entirely capable of meeting the requirement of properties of product.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is existing flat upsetting forging technology forging shaping large disk-shaped forging process route chart.
Fig. 2 is forging technology forging shaping large disk-shaped forging process route chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Existing flat upsetting forging technology forges shaping large disk-shaped forging technique, as shown in figure 1, steel ingot is forged into dish-shaped forgings by chamfered edge, pulling, blanking, flat upsetting and rotation jumping-up operation.Due to the restriction of traditional handicraft inherent shortcoming, the factor affecting technological parameter is too many, grasps difficult, forging quality fluctuation is very big.Lead to the Heavy Pan Forgings forging to there is intensive defect in a large number in distance center certain limit and be mingled with type crackle, ultrasonic flaw detection qualification rate is less than 50%.In order to overcome above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of process route Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology as shown in Figure 2, the forging of excellent in mechanical performance can be obtained, ultrasound wave is once detected a flaw close to the Heavy Pan Forgings of qualification rate 100%.This forging technology is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
Step 1：The steel ingot that the material of the steel ingot forging on demand is forged to need heats, and is incubated, and makes steel ingot center portion temperature consistent with external temperature it is ensured that the uniform heat penetration of steel ingot；
Steel ingot Forge Heating specification is fixed then really：
Heating before steel ingot forging is highly important link in forging.Heating before rational forging, can not only improve forging and molding process, prevent the defects such as crackle, burning, non-uniform temperature, and has important impact to raising forging interior tissue, performance.
Determine steel ingot forging range, the chemical composition typically pressing steel is selected.But rational forging temperature is it should also be taken into account that the specific working condition of factory（As the metallurgical quality of steel ingot, firing equipment performance, heat treatment after forging technology etc.）, the factor such as feature of the technical requirements of forging and ingot shape forging suitably adjusted.
Raising with steel ingot metallurgical quality and the progress of forging, heat treatment technics, the development trend of heating of Large Forgings technique is to improve heating-up temperature, expands forging range, shortens heat time heating time, saves fuel consumption, improve production efficiency.Thus, existing heating cycle, it will be constantly adjusted and revise.
The execution at present of Forge Heating specification is JB/T
6052—2005《Steel open die forgings heats general technical specifications》, the standard specifies the forging range of normal steels, including maximum heating temperature and final forging temperature.Wherein large deformation（Rough forge）Compare small deformation（Finishing）Final forging temperature is slightly higher.High-temperature holding time is fixed then really：
Heating Steel Ingots, to forging temperature, all should be incubated the regular hour, to reach the purpose of uniform heat penetration and High temperature diffusion.High temperature diffusion heating is conducive to eliminating or mitigates microdefect in steel, spreads inclusion distribution, evening chemical composition（Eliminate microsegregation）, improve the plasticity of steel.To compacting, seam porosity defect, healing internal fissure in forging process, play the role of good.
And for some important forging（As turbine rotor etc.）, its High temperature diffusion temperature retention time is more than the twice of common forgings temperature retention time.
Therefore, according to JB/T in forging technology of the present invention
6052—2005《Steel open die forgings heats general technical specifications》Specified in forging range and temperature retention time steel ingot is heated and is incubated.
Step 2：Using existing forging method, steel ingot is pulled out, anvil width ratio 0.8～0.9；Reduction ratio is at least 20% every time, once completes the pulling of steel ingot；Subsequently enter the square stage（The i.e. jumping-up stage）：Using WHF forging method, SUF forging method or TER forging method, forged using wrong anvil pulling technique simultaneously：First along the length direction of steel ingot, the first plane is forged on steel ingot, then this first plane is placed on anvil, the second plane of forging and the first plane parallel on steel ingot, again steel ingot is positioned on anvil, make two planes of forging perpendicular with anvil face, forge threeth plane perpendicular with the first plane, afterwards, 3rd plane is placed on anvil, forges fourth plane；
The main pulling stage should carry out at high temperature and adopt heavy reduction to operate, and with the hole within seam steel ingot, steel ingot internal flaw is closed in effectively forging.Pulling between not in the flat anvil up and down of anvil width ratio ＜ 0.5, it is desirable to must complete in once pulling out, does not allow using first pulling out one, then the operational approach pulling out other end.
In large forgings forging, the forging effect of pulling is the most obvious, and especially forging is closed with the loose hole within steel ingot, and pulling operation is almost only way.Pulling operation is the maximally effective operation of most critical in forging process, by pulling, can effectively forge and close the defects such as the intrinsic cavity of steel ingot itself is loose and so that field trash is disperseed.Either from the point of view of theory analysis or actual production effect, it is difficult it is very difficult to forge zygonema shape inclusion defects that jumping-up operation closes the internal loose cavity of steel ingot to forging, and is unfavorable for reducing and disperseing of inclusion area.Forging technology of the present invention makes full use of the special forging method of various heavy forgings, as SUF forging method, WHF forging method, TER forging method are effectively forged compacting operation to steel ingot, guarantee that blank passes through sufficient Forge Heating, certain forging ratio and the collocation of rational operation, once complete steel ingot pulling, thoroughly broken casting tissue, and forge conjunction steel ingot inner void, the defect such as loose, realize steel ingot raw material and be changed into forging tissue completely from as-cast structure；Thoroughly forging condensation material internal void defect, controls the generation of field trash pattern and crackle, controls and produces Inclusion underbead crack, and the field trash preventing becomes lamellar it is ensured that deformable body keeps three-dimensional compressive stress state（Three-dimensional compressive stress is σ1、σ2、σ3Or σx、σy、σz）, meet the technical requirements of ultrasonic examination；Application control FMT, controls the generation of mixed crystal.
For some important forging（Such as Low Pressure Steam Turbine, generator amature, nuclear power pressure vessel forging etc.）Cogging, in order to ensure forging stock center portion ultrasonic examination qualified it may be considered that adopt other special forging methods or a combination thereof, such as WHF method+SUF method or WHF method+TER method.
Step 3：Flat is forged in the height direction using wide anvil forging method, anvil width ratio is 0.8～0.9, until being formed highly for H, width is the blank of B；
Step 4：Blank size is calculated according to the weight of forging, and makes length L of blank and blank width B ratio, i.e. L/ B≤1.5, preferably L/ B=1 that blanking obtains, so subsequently avoid the need for jumping-up is carried out on the length direction of blank；
Step 5：By existing forging method, blank forging is become square, more from all directions, last rounding, obtain semi-finished product；
Step 6：By existing forging method, the such as forging method such as rotation Means of Upsetting, center pcketing method, lenticular forming process, semi-finished product forging molding obtains Heavy Pan Forgings.
Forging technology of the present invention makes full use of the formed streamline of preamble pulling, and using various special forging methods, blank is compacted during pulling and is forged, and overcomes the objective condition forming lamellar field trash in Heavy Pan Forgings forging process.Meanwhile, keep good ess-strain condition during follow-up upsetting formation, so that forging is substantially remained and pull out forging tissue and the streamline that operation is formed, therefore make ultrasonic examination qualified, the forging of excellent in mechanical performance.
Forging technology of the present invention is a kind of brand-new Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology, overturn existing Heavy Pan Forgings process route, fundamentally solve the technological difficulties of this kind of forging process for fuel, and this forging technology is more simply too much than existing forging technology route, technically reliable, forging ultrasonic flaw detection qualification rate close to 100%, good mechanical performance, fully meet the requirement of properties of product.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology is it is characterised in that this forging technology is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
Step 1：Heat by the steel ingot that the material of steel ingot is forged to need, and be incubated, make steel ingot center portion temperature consistent with external temperature, the uniform heat penetration of steel ingot；
Step 2：Using existing forging method, steel ingot is pulled out, anvil width ratio 0.8～0.9；Reduction ratio is at least 20% every time, once completes the pulling of steel ingot；Subsequently enter the square stage：Using WHF forging method, SUF forging method or TER forging method, and forged using wrong anvil pulling technique：First along the length direction of steel ingot, the first plane is forged on steel ingot, then this first plane is placed on anvil, the second plane of forging and the first plane parallel on steel ingot, again steel ingot is positioned on anvil, make two planes of forging perpendicular with anvil face, forge threeth plane perpendicular with the first plane, afterwards, 3rd plane is placed on anvil, forges fourth plane；
Step 3：Flat is forged in the height direction using wide anvil forging method, anvil width ratio is 0.8～0.9, forms blank；
Step 4：Blank size is calculated according to the weight of forging, and makes the length of blank and blank width ratio≤1.5 that blanking obtains；
Step 5：By existing forging method, blank forging is become square, more from all directions, last rounding, obtain semi-finished product；
Step 6：By existing forging method by semi-finished product forging molding, obtain Heavy Pan Forgings.
2. Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in described step 1, by JB/T 6,052 2005《Steel open die forgings heats general technical specifications》Specified in forging range and temperature retention time steel ingot is heated and is incubated.
3. Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in described step 2, forged to the steel ingot after heating using the forging method of WHF method+SUF method or WHF method+TER method for important forging.
4. Heavy Pan Forgings forging technology according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in described step 4, blank length and blank width ratio are 1.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN106975719A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-07-25 | 东南大学 | A kind of forging method of cogging |
| CN108453202A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-08-28 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of large marine shafting forging manufacture |
| CN108856615A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-11-23 | 兰州兰石集团有限公司 | Heavy Pan Forgings roll stone roller manufacturing process |
| CN111054866A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-24 | 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 | Forging method for improving internal quality of forging material with ultimate specification produced by continuous casting billet |
| CN111112527A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 苏州强隆铸锻有限公司 | Forging method of large tube plate type forge piece |
| CN111618219A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-04 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Forging method of large cake forging with diameter-height ratio of 4-20 |
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| CN106975719B (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2019-03-12 | 东南大学 | A kind of forging method of cogging |
| CN106975719A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-07-25 | 东南大学 | A kind of forging method of cogging |
| CN108453202A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-08-28 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of large marine shafting forging manufacture |
| CN108856615A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-11-23 | 兰州兰石集团有限公司 | Heavy Pan Forgings roll stone roller manufacturing process |
| CN108856615B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2020-06-05 | 兰州兰石集团有限公司 | Rolling forming method for large cake forging |
| CN111054866A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-24 | 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 | Forging method for improving internal quality of forging material with ultimate specification produced by continuous casting billet |
| CN111112527A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 苏州强隆铸锻有限公司 | Forging method of large tube plate type forge piece |
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| CN111761009A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-10-13 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Forging forming method of 2A70 aluminum alloy aircraft engine conical shell |
| CN111618220A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-04 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Forging method of large cake forging with diameter-height ratio larger than 10 |
| CN111618218A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-04 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Forging method of large medium-thickness cake forge piece |
| CN111761011A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-13 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Forging method of large cake forging with diameter-height ratio smaller than 4 |
| CN111618219A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-04 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Forging method of large cake forging with diameter-height ratio of 4-20 |
| CN111618220B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-09-27 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Forging method of large cake forging with diameter-height ratio larger than 10 |
| CN111889600A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 | Method for batch production of right-angle square steel by using precision forging machine |
| CN111889600B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-01 | 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 | Method for batch production of right-angle square steel by using precision forging machine |
| CN115740314A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-07 | 南京工程学院 | Anti-cracking and energy-saving forging process for high-strength large-scale forging |
| CN115740314B (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-05-16 | 南京工程学院 | High-strength large forging anti-cracking energy-saving forging process |
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