CN106454872A - Satellite formation network channel access control method based on directional antenna - Google Patents
Satellite formation network channel access control method based on directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
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- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
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- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
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- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a satellite formation network channel access control method based on a directional antenna, and belongs to the field of design of wireless ad hoc network link layer protocol methods. The method is a multi-address access protocol design method adopting the directional antenna instead of an omnidirectional antenna applied in a satellite formation network. A wireless channel is monitored by the directional antenna; neighbor node angle of arrival (AOA) storage is introduced through a directional network allocation vector (DNAV) based on scanning of an antenna unit; and omnidirectional data transmission is realized by a frame format design and bursting RTS (Ready To Send) control information. Through adoption of the satellite formation network channel access control method, the problem of asymmetrical gain in a directional MAC (Media Access Control) protocol design is solved; the problems of deaf nodes and hidden terminals caused by introduction of directional antenna are solved; the success rate in establishment of a data link for nodes in a wireless ad hoc network is increased; data throughput is increased effectively; and data access time delay is shortened. The satellite formation network channel access control method can be applied to various wireless ad hoc networks well.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless self-organization network data link layer protocol method design field, is that one kind is applied in satellite volume
Replace omnidirectional antenna in team's network using the multiple access protocol method for designing of beam antenna.
Background technology
Microsatellite due to small volume, the lightweight, lead time is short, low cost, radiation pattern are flexible the features such as, widely
Apply in the field such as communication, space flight, military investigation, military commanding, environment and resources measurement.And the body due to single microsatellite
Little, the low restriction of power of product, has abandoned traditional omnidirectional antenna in the selection of communication antenna, little using area, is fixed easily
Orientation surface antenna.So network communication protocol of the exigence design based on beam antenna.
In addition the development experience of microsatellite：1) single moonlet works independently.2) multi-satellite formed constellation, by will
Ask and be distributed in monorail or multi-orbit plane.Constellation can improve ground coverage until the whole world, can greatly shorten and revisit week
Phase, reach the unapproachable purpose of large satellite.3) formation flight constellation.It is made up of the flight rail of definite shape some moonlets
Mark, constitutes one " virtual satellite " in a distributed fashion.And the group-net communication of satellites formation will execute joint to satellite formation flying
Task, information sharing is realized, is carried out joint decision and play material impact.
Medium access control protocol (Media Access Control Protocol-MAC) is located at open system interconnection
Data link layer in (Open System Interconnection-OSI) seven layer protocols, main responsible control and junctional complex
The physical medium of reason layer.MAC protocol in wireless self-organization network (Ad hoc) is responsible for controlling wireless sensor node to take no
Line network channel, transmission data.MAC protocol in mobile Ad hoc network is mainly the fairness for ensureing busy channel between node
The utilization rate shared with channel resource is improved.Wireless self-organization network has change in topology soon, finite energy, channel resource anxiety
Feature, so efficient MAC protocol method for designing can effectively improve data throughout, the minimizing of wireless self-organization network
Data transmission delay, save energy, improve sensor life-time the features such as.
The method for designing of wireless self-organization network MAC protocol is all based on greatly traditional omnidirectional antenna, i.e. wireless senser
During node-node transmission data, the every other wireless sensor node in the range of transmission signal can receive data.Based on tradition
The MAC protocol method for designing of beam antenna has control simply, links the high feature of success rate.With regard to using omnidirectional antenna
MAC protocol is designed in R.Jurdak et al. " A survey, classification and comparative analysis of
medium access control protocols for ad hoc wireless networks,IEEE
It is discussed in detail in the document of Commun.Surveys Tuts., vol.6, no.1, pp.2 16,2004. ".
Wireless self-organization network orientation MAC protocol is earliest by R.Choudhury et al. in document " Using
directional antennas for medium access control in ad hoc networksProc.IEEE
Propose in MOBICOM ' 02, Mar.2002. ", and get the attention, its core concept be by WLAN 802.11
Binary system is kept out of the way, carrier sense, and the mechanism such as Handshake Protocol is applied in the method for orientation MAC protocol design.Ad Hoc wireless network
Node in network can improve the signal transmission ranges of wireless sensor network interior joint, minimizing signal and do using beam antenna
Disturb, spatial reuse is improved, increased data throughout, reduce the advantages such as time delay.But concealed terminal can be caused using beam antenna
With deaf node problems, as shown in Figure 1.A.Nasipuri et al. is for the problems referred to above in " A MAC protocol for mobile
In ad hoc networks using directional antennas, in Proc.IEEE WCNC ' 00, Sep.2000. "
The solution of proposition is wireless sensor node using omnidirectional antenna monitored data, beam antenna transmission data.This orientation
The method for designing of MAC protocol not only need wireless senser be operated in omnidirectional antenna and beam antenna double mode under, improve and cut
The complexity of operation is changed, and transmitting gain asymmetry problem can be caused.
Therefore such method does not fundamentally solve the concealed terminal for bringing using beam antenna and deaf node problems.Mesh
In the front MAC protocol research with regard to wireless self-organization network beam antenna, even without a set of simple efficient using full orientation
The method for designing of antenna transmission data.
Content of the invention
In order to overcome semi-directional transmission data in existing wireless self-organization network orientation MAC protocol method for designing to cause gain
The problem of asymmetric and dual-mode operation switched design complexity, the present invention provides a kind of satellites formation net based on beam antenna
Network channel access control method, methods described is a kind of full orientation Multiple access control agreement, not only can be solved by the method
Determine the concealed terminal that brings to antenna and deaf node problems, and the complexity of operation and Protocol Design is reduced, improve
The handling capacity of wireless sensor network, reduces data access time delay.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna, methods described wireless self-organization network
In node be equipped with beam antenna, using beam antenna monitoring wireless channel, by orienting virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV), be based on
Full directional transmissions data are realized in the scanning of antenna element.
Further, the beam antenna is adaptive array antenna or multiple orientation surface antennas being arranged in order, fixed
Include multiple antenna sectors to antenna element, each antenna sector beam angle is identical, all antenna sectors cover 360 degree；Its
Wireless sensor node in middle network obeys Poisson distribution.
Further, methods described is also stored using neighbor node direction of arrival (AOA).
Further, described orientation virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV) is specially the node in wireless self-organization network every
Individual antenna sector preserves a DNAV information, and whether record current sector has other nodes in transmission data, and node is from receiving
Orientation RTS and orientation CTS information in update DNAV data.
Further, described neighbor node direction of arrival (AOA) storage is specially each node from the information being successfully received
In, preserve direction of the neighbor node in present node antenna element sector；When node is every time to neighbor node transmission data, first
Whether search caches the direction of the antenna element sector of the neighbor node, if there are caching, then preferentially in the antenna element of caching
The direction of sector is attempted sending RTS control information of shaking hands and sets up connection.
Further, methods described will also orient RTS frame on the basis of 802.11RTS control frame using frame format design
Extend to DthIndividual receiving node address information；When wireless sensor node has data cached transmission, before extracting in FIFO first
DthThe destination address ID of data cached bag, address information is added in orientation RTS frame, then sends out RTS control information using cluster
It is transmitted orientation RTS frame and sets up wireless link；If the AOA directional information of data cached destination node is stored,
Preferential selection is sent towards the antenna sector of data cached destination node.
Further, the scanning of the antenna element is specially：All wireless sensor nodes constantly switch day in order
Line sector；Wireless sensor node can catch orientation RTS from neighbor node, wireless sensing while sending orientation RTS
The operation in each sector of device node includes monitor channel and sends two stages of data；The wherein wireless sensor node
The order of switching antenna sector is for clockwise or counterclockwise.
Further, wireless sensor node operation in each sector is specially：
(1) the monitor channel stage of wireless sensor node
The listening period of wireless sensor node includes two parts, is the listening period of fixed cycle and random week respectively
The listening period of phase；When passive bus is switched to a new antenna sector, what it was random selects an integer from window
As the initial value (LC) for monitoring enumerator；If source node detects channel idle, through a minimum time slot, the value of LC is subtracted
Few 1；If Channel Detection is to occupied, LC counts frozen, until channel idle minimum interFrameGap (DIFS), then proceedes to
Monitoring channel, monitoring of successively decreasing is counted；
If source node receives the orientation RTS frame that other nodes are sent, then source node head during the LC that successively decreases is counted
First whether include the MAC Address of itself in detection RTS frame；If it has, then replying orientation cts signal, locking in the antenna sector
Antenna sector, waits receiving data bag, then replys ack signal, represents and is successfully received packet, if having replied orientation
RTS, source node does not receive packet, that is, wait data frame timeout, and source node then continues to detect channel idle, the LC that successively decreases is counted
Number；If not having the MAC Address comprising itself in orientation RTS frame, source node obtains Channel holding time from orientation RTS frame
Parameter, the orientation NAV time for then arranging the antenna sector interrupts, and stops other activities, waits the orientation NAV time to interrupt arriving
Come, then proceed to channel idle is detected, the LC that successively decreases is counted；
(2) the transmission data phase of wireless senser
Zero is reached when the monitoring of source node counts LC, source node is entered from listening state and sends packet state；If source
When node has multiple Frames to be sent, then source node is produced first and sends orientation RTS frame, then the orientation to be received such as setting
CTS replys time-out Timeout and interrupts；If before the Timeout time interrupts arriving, source node receives orientation CTS reply, chain
Road is established, and then by transmission orientation RTS frame, after orientation RTS frame is transmitted, passes source node wait and replys ack signal,
When being properly received ack signal, a frame data transmission success, source node will regenerate orientation RTS frame, and judge to select one
Antenna element continues executing with the mechanism of monitor channel and transmission data；If not receiving orientation CTS reply, i.e. wireless senser
Node waits the orientation CTS time-out that replys, and the node will be switched to next antenna element according to certain order, and interactive channel is supervised
Listen and send the link process of orientation RTS foundation.
Further, before described step (3) source node receives orientation CTS reply transmission orientation RTS frame, source node is locked first
Determine antenna sector, mac address information and the destination address information of receiving node secondly from the orientation CTS frame for receiving, extracted,
Update the caching AOA antenna sector information of receiving node；If destination address information is corresponding with the MAC Address of itself, then exist
The data cached bag of corresponding receiving node MAC Address being searched in data buffer storage FIFO, being extracted, it is fixed to send on antenna sector
To RTS frame；If destination address information and the MAC Address of itself are not corresponded to, there are other nodes on the antenna sector and exist
Transceiving data, abandons the orientation CTS frame, does not deal with.
Further, the source node has the packet of generation for wireless sensor node or has cached sensor acquisition
Node when data latency sends.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are included following aspects：Provided by the present invention
A kind of satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna adopt full directional transmissions data, overcome orientation
The problem of gain saturation effect in MAC protocol design, and solve to hide eventually by introducing orientation virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV) technology
End problem；The all of tier of periodic scan of the method for the invention also based on antenna element on this basis,
Solving as the deaf node problems that beam antenna causes are introduced, the monitor channel of node is combined in individual antenna sector and send number
According to mechanism, all standing of three dimensions signal is realized.
Further, the method for the invention introduces neighbor node direction of arrival (AoA) memory mechanism, and node is every time to neighbours
When node sends data, the antenna direction of the neighbor node whether is cached by search, if there are storage directional information, Ran Houyou
First attempt sending RTS (Ready To Send) control information of shaking hands and setting up connecting in the direction, improve wireless self-organization network
Interior joint sets up the success rate of data link.
Further, the method for the invention will orient base of the RTS frame in 802.11RTS control frame using frame format design
Improve on plinth, increase multiple receiving node addresses, also orientation RTS control information is sent out using cluster and actually refer to change by transmission
The orientation RTS frame structure for entering, traditional RTS handshake multiple equivalent to simultaneous transmission, improve in wireless self-organization network
Node sets up the success rate of data link.
Further, orientation MAC protocol involved in the present invention reduces the possibility of signal collision by multiple handshake
Property.Compared to the MAC of traditional wireless self-organization network, when can effectively improve the handling capacity of data and reduce data access
Prolong.
Further, what the method for the invention wireless sensor node was random chooses listening period counting from window,
The stationary problem for avoiding wireless ad hoc network node antenna from rotating.
Further, the orientation MAC protocol is without the need for the calculating of large amount of complex, and algorithm is simple, and wireless sensor node works
In distributed, full orientation, the mode of asynchronous transmission, thus deployment program mechanism is simple, and methods described is a set of simple efficient
The full beam antenna transmission data of employing method for designing, preferably can be applied in all kinds of wireless self-organization networks.
Description of the drawings
The deaf node problems of Fig. 1 orientation MAC protocol；
Fig. 2 beam antenna model of the present invention；
Fig. 3 present invention orientation MAC protocol competition neighbor node schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 inventive antenna unit scan switches transmission mechanism schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
A kind of satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna, methods described wireless self-organization network
In node be equipped with beam antenna, using beam antenna monitoring wireless channel, by orienting virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV), be based on
Full directional transmissions data are realized in the scanning of antenna element.
Further, the beam antenna is adaptive array antenna or multiple orientation surface antennas being arranged in order, fixed
Include multiple antenna sectors to antenna element, each antenna sector beam angle is identical, all antenna sectors cover 360 degree；Its
Wireless sensor node in middle network obeys Poisson distribution.
Further, methods described is also stored using neighbor node direction of arrival (AOA).
Further, described orientation virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV) is specially the node in wireless self-organization network every
Individual antenna sector preserves a DNAV information, and whether record current sector has other nodes in transmission data, and node is from receiving
Orientation RTS and orientation CTS information in update DNAV data.
Further, described neighbor node direction of arrival (AOA) storage is specially each node from the information being successfully received
In, preserve direction of the neighbor node in present node antenna element sector；When node is every time to neighbor node transmission data, first
Whether search caches the direction of the antenna element sector of the neighbor node, if there are caching, then preferentially in the antenna element of caching
The direction of sector is attempted sending RTS control information of shaking hands and sets up connection.
Further, methods described will also orient RTS frame on the basis of 802.11RTS control frame using frame format design
Extend to DthIndividual receiving node address information；When wireless sensor node has data cached transmission, before extracting in FIFO first
DthThe destination address ID of data cached bag, address information is added in orientation RTS frame, then sends out RTS control information using cluster
It is transmitted orientation RTS frame and sets up wireless link；If the AOA directional information of data cached destination node is stored,
Preferential selection is sent towards the antenna sector of data cached destination node.
Further, the scanning of the antenna element is specially：All wireless sensor node orders constantly switch antenna
Sector；Wireless sensor node can catch orientation RTS from neighbor node, wireless senser while sending orientation RTS
Node operation in each sector includes monitor channel and sends two stages of data；Wherein the wireless sensor node is cut
The order of antenna sector is changed for clockwise or counterclockwise.
Further, wireless sensor node operation in each sector is specially：
(1) the monitor channel stage of wireless sensor node
The listening period of wireless sensor node includes two parts, is the listening period of fixed cycle and random week respectively
The listening period of phase；When source node is switched to a new antenna sector, its random integer that selects from window is made
For monitoring the initial value (LC) of enumerator；If source node detects channel idle, through a minimum time slot, the value of LC is reduced
1；If Channel Detection is to occupied, LC counts frozen, until channel idle minimum interFrameGap (DIFS), then proceedes to prison
Channel is surveyed, monitoring of successively decreasing is counted；
If source node receives the orientation RTS frame that other nodes are sent, then source node head during the LC that successively decreases is counted
First whether include the MAC Address of itself in detection RTS frame；If it has, then replying orientation cts signal, locking in the antenna sector
Antenna sector, waits receiving data bag, then replys ack signal, represents and is successfully received packet, if having replied orientation
RTS, source node does not receive packet, that is, wait data frame timeout, and source node then continues to detect channel idle, the LC that successively decreases is counted
Number；If not having the MAC Address comprising itself in orientation RTS frame, source node obtains Channel holding time from orientation RTS frame
Parameter, the orientation NAV time for then arranging the antenna sector interrupts, and stops other activities, waits the orientation NAV time to interrupt arriving
Come, then proceed to channel idle is detected, the LC that successively decreases is counted；
(2) the transmission data phase of wireless senser
Zero is reached when the monitoring of source node counts LC, node is entered from listening state and sends packet state；If source is saved
When point has multiple Frames to be sent, then source node is produced first and sends orientation RTS frame, then the orientation to be received such as setting
CTS replys time-out Timeout and interrupts；If before the Timeout time interrupts arriving, source node receives orientation CTS reply, chain
Road is established, and then by transmission orientation RTS frame, after orientation RTS frame is transmitted, passes source node wait and replys ack signal,
When being properly received ack signal, a frame data transmission success, source node will regenerate orientation RTS frame, and judge to select one
Antenna element continues executing with the mechanism of monitor channel and transmission data；If not receiving orientation CTS reply, i.e. wireless senser
Node waits the orientation CTS time-out that replys, and the node will be switched to next antenna element according to certain order, and interactive channel is supervised
Listen and send the link process of orientation RTS foundation.
Further, described step (3) source node receives orientation CTS reply, and source node locks antenna sector first, secondly
Mac address information and the destination address information of receiving node from the orientation CTS frame for receiving, is extracted, updates receiving node
Caching AOA antenna sector information；If destination address information is corresponding with the MAC Address of itself, then in data buffer storage FIFO
The data cached bag of corresponding receiving node MAC Address being searched, being extracted, orientation RTS frame is sent on antenna sector；If mesh
Address information and the MAC Address of itself do not correspond to, then there are other nodes on the antenna sector in transceiving data, abandoning should
Orientation CTS frame, does not deal with.
Further, the source node has the packet of generation for wireless sensor node or has cached sensor acquisition
Node when data latency sends.
The present invention mainly completes the design work of wireless self-organization network orientation MAC protocol (FDD-MAC), whole agreement
Involved mechanism includes：Neighbor node direction of arrival (AOA) storage and orientation virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV) mechanism, based on antenna
The scan mechanism of unit, frame format design and cluster send out RTS (Ready To Send) control information.
First, direction of arrival (AOA) storage and orientation virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV) mechanism
FDD-MAC agreement solves hidden terminal problem using orientation virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV) technology.Wirelessly from group
Node in knitmesh network preserves a DNAV information in each antenna sector, and whether record current sector has other nodes in transmission
Data.Node updates DNAV data from orientation RTS for receiving and orientation CTS information.While FDD-MAC agreement adopts neighbours
Node AOA information cache mechanism sets up the probability of link to improve node.Each node is preserved from the information being successfully received
Neighbor node is in the direction of this node antenna element sector.Node every time to neighbor node send data when, whether search for first
The antenna direction of the neighbor node is cached, if there are storage directional information, then preferentially attempts sending RTS (Ready in the direction
To Send) control information of shaking hands foundation connection.
2nd, the scan mechanism based on antenna element
FDD-MAC agreement is solved due to introducing the deaf node that beam antenna causes by introducing antenna sector scan mechanism
Problem.All wireless sensor nodes constantly switch antenna sector with (or counterclockwise) direction clockwise, simulate omnidirectional antennas
Line transmission data.In order to ensure being received by neighbor node when wireless sensor node sends orientation RTS, while can also catch
From orientation RTS of neighbor node, wireless sensor node operation in each sector includes monitor channel and sends data
Two stages.When wireless sensor node is switched to a new antenna sector, in spite of having, data cached frame is to be sent,
Node intercepts channel for a period of time first, to allow to orient RTS control information from other neighbor node uppicks.The monitoring of node
Time includes two parts, is the listening period of fixed cycle and the listening period of random period respectively.Work as wireless sensor node
Point is when being switched to a new antenna sector, and it is random from window [Wmin, Wmax] in select an integer as monitor count
The initial value (LC Listening Counter) of device.If wireless sensor node detects channel idle, through a minimum
The value of LC is reduced 1 by time slot.If Channel Detection is to occupied, LC count frozen, until channel idle minimum interFrameGap
(DIFS), then proceed to monitor channel, monitoring of successively decreasing is counted.Due to the minimum monitoring W of wireless sensor nodeminIndividual time slot is (referred to as
Constant listening period), so each node has an opportunity to listen to the control data information that other nodes are sent.Additionally, wireless
What sensor node was random chooses listening period counting from window, it is to avoid it is same that wireless ad hoc network node antenna rotates
Step problem.
When wireless sensor node has successfully received orientation RTS that other sensors node is sent in antenna sector, such as
Address information ID of the fruit containing itself, it can update AOA cache information immediately, then reply orientation CTS, and lock antenna fan
Area in this direction, waits Frame.After receiving Frame, continue to reply ack signal.When wireless sensor node is in a day
The monitoring of line sector counts LC and reaches zero, and node is entered from listening state and sends packet state.If wireless sensor node
When having multiple Frames to be sent, it produces first and sends the orientation RTS frame after improving.If receiving orientation CTS reply,
Link is established, then by transmitting data frame.After data frame transfer is completed, sensor node is waited replys ack signal.When
Ack signal is properly received, a frame data transmission success.Node will regenerate orientation RTS, and judge to select an antenna list
Unit continues executing with the mechanism of monitor channel and transmission data.If not receiving orientation CTS reply, i.e. wireless sensor node etc.
Orientation CTS time-out to be replied, the node will be switched to next antenna element.By switching antenna fan clockwise or counterclockwise
Area, executes monitor channel and transmission phase, and FDD-MAC ensures that wireless sensor node gives the opportunity to listen to other nodes and sends
Orientation RTS information, while connection can also be successfully established, send data to neighbor node.
3rd, frame format design and cluster send out RTS (Ready To Send) control information
Wireless sensor node is using beam antenna transmission RTS (Ready To Send) and CTS (Clear To Send)
Control signal, and adopt beam antenna monitoring wireless channel, this will cause wireless sensor node establish the link general
Rate reduces.In order to solve this problem, the present invention has carried out certain modification on the basis of 802.11RTS control frame, to carry
The success rate that height is established the link.
(A) data frame structure design
The existing 802.11MAC frame format of table 1
Wherein, Frame Control (frame control) partly have recorded the attribute of conventional omni-directional antenna 802.11MAC,
Duration/ID (life cycle) is mainly used in Virtual Carrier Sense mechanism, and Address1-4 (address) represents transmitting-receiving respectively
Address of node, Seq-Ctrl (Sequence Control sequence control field) is used for recombinating frame fragment and abandons repetition
Frame, the effective data payload portion of Frame Body storage user, FCS (Frame Check Sequence) is so that work station check that and be received
The integrity of the frame for arriving.
On the basis of legacy data frame format, the present invention adds multiple reception address informations in the frame structure：
(A-1) address that the Address1-4 (address) on original base represents transmitting-receiving node respectively is made full use of first,
D is extended on this basisthThe address information of individual receiving node.
802.11MAC frame format-orientation RTS frame after the improvement of table 2
(B) cluster sends out RTS (Ready To Send) control information
In the design of FDD-MAC agreement, wireless sensor node can first send orientation RTS and orientation CTS for setting up source
Wireless link between node and destination node.In traditional wireless self-organization network, the data waiting for transmission such as intra-node
Bag is buffered in internal memory in the way of FIFO (FIFO).But in full beam antenna MAC protocol, source node first can be scanned
Antenna element, finds the destination node for being buffered in FIFO memory area the first frame data bag, by sending orientation RTS and orientation
CTS sets up link.When scanning antenna unit finds the destination node of the first frame, other purposes nodal cache may be pointed to and existed
Packet in FIFO.Therefore, FDD-MAC agreement increases mesh to be received by extending traditional RTS control data pack arrangement
Address of node, improve the success rate for establishing the link.
When wireless sensor node has data cached transmission, D before extracting in FIFO firstthThe destination of data cached bag
Location ID, address information is added in orientation RTS frame, is then sent orientation RTS and is set up wireless link.Cluster sends out orientation RTS control
Information is actually referred to by sending improved orientation RTS frame structure, traditional RTS handshake multiple equivalent to simultaneous transmission.
Additionally, the data frame dividing in buffer queue is become two priority by FDD-MAC agreement.If the destination node of data cached bag
AOA directional information stored, then preferential from sending towards the antenna sector of the destination node, this can improve orientation
RTS control information is towards the probability of receiving node, and then improves the probability of wireless connection.
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiment, the method for the invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment
(A) initial phase of environment and node.
Present invention is mainly applied in mobile wireless self-organized network, the node (Node) in network is randomly dispersed in
Within the scope of 100m*100m can be transmitted.The greatest irradiation radius of each node is that R, node radiation length R are more than 200m, i.e.,
The radiation length of individual node can cover whole wireless self-organization network.All of node is equipped with orientation as shown in Figure 2
Antenna, beam antenna can be adaptive array antenna or multiple orientation surface antennas being arranged in order.Tier bag
M antenna sector is included, each antenna sector beam angle is identical, all antenna sectors cover 360 degree.In wireless self-organization network
Node sent using an antenna sector every time or receiving data.The mode of operation and Typical Disposition of system is according to IEEE
802.ll specification is configured, and node data transfer rate is set to the time span of 2Mbps, SIFS and is defined as 10 μ s, DIFS
For 50 μ s, and slot time (Slot Time) be.Wireless sensor node in network obeys Poisson distribution, produces
Data source, data source length is the random MAC Address from radio self-organized network nodes in 1024 bytes, the address of receiving node
Middle selection one.
(B) the source node S data is activation stage
(B-1) if wireless sensor node has packet (or having cached sensor acquisition data) of generation etc. to be sent
When, the node is referred to as source node.Source node detects whether the data packet length L in caching FIFO is more than D first.If L is more than
D, then the destination address ID of D data cached bag before source node is extracted, address information is added in orientation RTS frame.If slow
Deposit data bag number L is less than D, then be only filled with orienting (L+1) th address before RTS frame, (L+2) th-Dth address below
For sky, zero is entered as.The orientation RTS control information for ultimately producing is as shown in table 3.
The orientation RTS frame that table 3 is generated
Wherein, the address of own node, Address2-D are set in Address1thThe address of receiving node is set to,
The serial number of Seq-Ctrl record current data frame.
(B-2) source node is ready for sending orientation RTS frame.When orientation RTS frame is completed, the detection of source node poll is generated
Orientation RTS frame in Address2-DthIndividual address.If the AOA antenna sector information of corresponding receiving node MAC Address has been delayed
Deposit, then the antenna sector Ante_Sector for selecting to send is updated, and exits poll.If address information is detected for sky, or
Receive address (D+1)thDetect, Ante_Sector has not been updated, then Ante_Sector is random has chosen from the M of antenna sector
One.
(B-3) antenna sector is switched to Ante_Sector by source node, before the antenna sector sends orientation RTS frame, source
Node is first from audit window [Wmin, Wmax] in select an integer as monitor enumerator initial value (LC Listening
Counter).The idle minimum interFrameGap (DIFS) of source node elder generation monitor channel, if hereafter channel continues the free time, through one
Minimum time slot, LC count value reduces 1.If in said process, Channel Detection is busy, and (there are other node-node transmission numbers the antenna sector
According to), source node freezes LC counting, until detecting channel idle minimum interFrameGap (DIFS), then proceedes to monitor channel idle,
The LC that successively decreases is counted.
If node receives, during the LC that successively decreases is counted, the orientation RTS frame that other nodes are sent, then source node is first
Whether the MAC Address of itself is included in detection RTS frame.If it has, then orientation cts signal is replied in the antenna sector, lock day
Line sector, waits receiving data bag, then replys ack signal, represents and is successfully received packet.If having replied orientation RTS,
Node does not receive packet, that is, wait data frame timeout, and source node then continues to detect channel idle, the LC that successively decreases is counted.If
There is no the MAC Address comprising itself in orientation RTS frame, then source node obtains Channel holding time parameter from orientation RTS frame, so
The orientation NAV time for arranging the antenna sector afterwards interrupts, and stops other activities, waits the orientation NAV time to interrupt arriving, Ran Houji
Continuous detection channel idle, the LC that successively decreases is counted.
(B-3) when the monitoring of source node counts LC, zero is reduced to, then source node starts to send orientation RTS on antenna sector
Frame, the then orientation CTS to be received such as setting reply time-out Timeout interruption.
Etc. (C) orientation CTS to be received is replied
(C-1) if before the Timeout time interrupts arriving, source node receives the cts signal of receiving node reply, then
Node locks antenna sector.Secondly mac address information and the destination of receiving node, from the orientation CTS frame for receiving, are extracted
Location information, updates the caching AOA antenna sector information of receiving node.If destination address information is corresponding with the MAC Address of itself,
Then the data cached bag of corresponding receiving node MAC Address is searched in data buffer storage FIFO, is extracted, on antenna sector
Send Frame.
(C-2) if destination address information and the MAC Address of itself are not corresponded to, on the antenna sector, there are other sections
Point is in transceiving data.The orientation CTS frame is abandoned, is not dealt with.The problem may be with multiple neighbours mainly due to receiving node
Node competition conflict, causes to receive multiple packets on the antenna sector of source node, as shown in Figure 3.If the Timeout time
Interruption arrives, and does not receive orientation CTS reply, then enters with reference to Fig. 4 and switches antenna according to (or counterclockwise) direction clockwise
Sector, repeats channel-monitoring above and sends the link process of orientation RTS foundation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna, it is characterised in that：Methods described is wireless
Node in self-organizing network is equipped with beam antenna, using beam antenna monitoring wireless channel, by orienting virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication
(DNAV), full directional transmissions data are realized based on the scanning of antenna element.
2. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：The beam antenna is adaptive array antenna or multiple orientation surface antennas being arranged in order, and tier includes
Multiple antenna sectors, each antenna sector beam angle is identical, and all antenna sectors cover 360 degree；Wherein wireless in network
Sensor node obeys Poisson distribution.
3. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 1 and 2, its feature
It is：Described orientation virtual carrier sensing in wireless network communication (DNAV) is specially the node in wireless self-organization network and protects in each antenna sector
Deposit a DNAV information, whether record current sector has other nodes in transmission data, node from the orientation RTS frame for receiving and
DNAV data are updated in orientation CTS information.
4. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Methods described is also stored using neighbor node direction of arrival (AOA).
5. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 3, its feature exists
In：Described neighbor node direction of arrival (AOA) storage is specially each node from the information being successfully received, and preserves neighbor node
Direction in present node antenna element sector；When node is every time to neighbor node transmission data, searches for first and whether cache this
The direction of the antenna element sector of neighbor node, if there are caching, then preferentially attempts in the direction of the antenna element sector of caching
Send RTS shake hands control information set up connection.
6. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Orientation RTS frame is also extended to D using frame format design on the basis of 802.11RTS control frame by methods describedthIndividual reception
Node address information；When wireless sensor node has data cached transmission, D before extracting in FIFO firstthData cached bag
Destination address ID, address information is added in orientation RTS frame, is then sent out RTS control information using cluster and is transmitted orienting RTS
Frame sets up wireless link；If the AOA directional information of data cached destination node is stored, preferential from towards caching
The antenna sector of the destination node of data sends.
7. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 1 or 5 or 6, its
It is characterised by：The scanning of the antenna element is specially：All wireless sensor nodes constantly switch antenna sector in order；No
Line sensor node can catch the orientation RTS frame from neighbor node, wireless sensor node while sending orientation RTS frame
Operation in each sector includes monitor channel and sends two stages of data；Wherein wireless sensor node transfer sequence is
Clockwise or counterclockwise.
8. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 7, its feature exists
In：Wireless sensor node operation in each sector is specially：
(1) the monitor channel stage of wireless sensor node
The listening period of wireless sensor node includes two parts, is listening period and the random period of fixed cycle respectively
Listening period；When source node is switched to a new antenna sector, what it was random selects an integer as prison from window
Listen the initial value (LC) of enumerator；If source node detects channel idle, through a minimum time slot, the value of LC is reduced 1；Such as
Fruit Channel Detection is to occupied, and LC counts frozen, until channel idle minimum interFrameGap (DIFS), then proceedes to monitoring letter
Road, monitoring of successively decreasing is counted；
If source node receives, during the LC that successively decreases is counted, the orientation RTS frame that other nodes are sent, then source node is examined first
Survey in RTS frame and whether include the MAC Address of itself；If it has, then orientation cts signal is replied in the antenna sector, lock antenna
Sector, waits receiving data bag, then replys ack signal, represents and is successfully received packet, if having replied orientation RTS, source
Node does not receive packet, that is, wait data frame timeout, and source node then continues to detect channel idle, the LC that successively decreases is counted；If
There is no the MAC Address comprising itself in orientation RTS frame, then source node obtains Channel holding time parameter from orientation RTS frame, so
The orientation NAV time for arranging the antenna sector afterwards interrupts, and stops other activities, waits the orientation NAV time to interrupt arriving, Ran Houji
Continuous detection channel idle, the LC that successively decreases is counted；
(2) the transmission data phase of wireless senser
Zero is reached when the monitoring of source node counts LC, source node is entered from listening state and sends packet state；If source node
When having multiple Frames to be sent, then source node is produced first and sends orientation RTS frame, then orientation CTS to be received such as setting
Reply time-out Timeout to interrupt；If before the Timeout time interrupts arriving, source node receives orientation CTS reply, link
It is established, then by transmission orientation RTS frame, after orientation RTS frame is transmitted, passes source node wait and ack signal is replied, when
Ack signal is properly received, a frame data transmission success, source node will regenerate orientation RTS frame, and judge to select the next one
Antenna element continues executing with the mechanism of monitor channel and transmission data；If not receiving orientation CTS reply, i.e. wireless senser
Node waits the orientation CTS time-out that replys, and the node will be switched to next antenna element according to certain order, and interactive channel is supervised
Listen and send the link process of orientation RTS foundation.
9. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 8, its feature exists
In：Before step (2) source node receives orientation CTS reply transmission orientation RTS frame, source node locks antenna sector first, its
Secondary extract the mac address information of receiving node and destination address information from the orientation CTS frame for receiving, update receiving node
Caching AOA antenna sector information；If destination address information is corresponding with the MAC Address of itself, then in data buffer storage FIFO
The middle data cached bag for searching corresponding receiving node MAC Address, extracts, and sends orientation RTS frame on antenna sector；If
Destination address information and the MAC Address of itself are not corresponded to, then there are other nodes on the antenna sector in transceiving data, abandon
The orientation CTS frame, does not deal with.
10. the satellites formation network channel access control method based on beam antenna according to claim 8, its feature exists
In：When the source node has the packet of generation or has cached the transmission of sensor acquisition data latency for wireless sensor node
Node.
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