CN106442713A - Thick-wall steel tube internal crack detection method based on surface magnetic conductivity differential measurement - Google Patents
Thick-wall steel tube internal crack detection method based on surface magnetic conductivity differential measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442713A CN106442713A CN201610885107.8A CN201610885107A CN106442713A CN 106442713 A CN106442713 A CN 106442713A CN 201610885107 A CN201610885107 A CN 201610885107A CN 106442713 A CN106442713 A CN 106442713A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9013—Arrangements for scanning
- G01N27/9026—Arrangements for scanning by moving the material
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
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- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents by analysing electrical signals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a thick-wall steel tube internal crack detection method based on surface magnetic conductivity differential measurement. The method includes the following steps that a detected steel tube is magnetized to be saturated through a magnetizer, and maximum local magnetic induction strength distortion is generated in the steel tube or around inner wall cracks; the center line of an eddy excitation coil and the center lines of two detection coils are respectively distributed on the outer surface of the steel tube in the normal direction, the eddy excitation coil generates eddies on the surface layer of the steel tube, the detection coils are distributed in a spatial staggered mode in the direction of a magnetic field and conduct differential output, and differential change of surface magnetic conductivity of the steel tube in the magnetizing direction is detected; the steel tube moves relative to the magnetizer and a detection probe, output signals change, and whether cracks exist in the steel tube or not and the size of the cracks are analyzed according to the output signals. The method achieves high-precision detection of lift-off thick-wall steel tube inner wall micro cracks, has the advantages of being simple in system structure and high in universality and interchangeability, can achieve non-contact quick automatic detection, and is high in signal-no-noise ratio and sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electromagnetic nondestructive testing, more particularly to a kind of thickness based on top layer pcrmeability variate
Wall steel pipe implosion marks detection method.
Background technology
Extremely important to the detection by quantitative of pipeline internal fissure, but the internal fissure detection to thick walled steel tube has certain difficulty
Degree and limitation.Conventional supersonic detection method generally requires suitable coupled modes, and thickness is exceeded with diameter ratio
0.2 steel pipe cannot be just detected a flaw in principle.Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting is used as a kind of conventional Tube heating furnace means, and inspection speed is fast.But
When being detected a flaw using flux-leakage detection method to the inner surface crackses of thick walled steel tube, the stray field that in steel pipe, inner surface crackses are produced, by outer
The shielding that layer tube wall is spread to stray field, the stray field that can finally pass through pipe outer wall in the air is very faint, strong in outer layer
Under the influence of magnetizing field, it is impossible to obtain effective detection signal.So, flux-leakage detection method is typically to the steel below 12mm thickness
Pipe flaw detection is relatively more effective, and the flaw detection ability of inwall disclosure satisfy that the requirement of non-destructive testing standard.Detect a flaw and want with the increase and inwall of wall thickness
The lifting that asks, the crackle on inwall carries out detecting more and more difficult in pipe outer wall by measuring stray field, or even detect interior
Fine crack on wall.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is provided in a kind of thick walled steel tube based on top layer pcrmeability variate
Crack detecting method, particularly implements high precision test to thick walled steel tube inwall fine crack, and system structure is simple, can achieve non-
The rapid automatized detection of contact.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of heavy wall based on top layer pcrmeability variate
Steel pipe implosion marks detection method, comprises the following steps：
Tested steel pipe is magnetized to saturation using magnetizator by the 1st step, is produced maximum around steel duct or inner surface crackses
The distortion of local magnetic induction；
2nd step, detection probe includes a vortex excitation coil and two detection coils, by a vortex excitation coil and
The centrage of two detection coils is respectively arranged the outer surface in steel pipe along normal direction, and vortex excitation coil produces whirlpool on steel pipe top layer
Stream, two detection coils are staggeredly arranged along magnetizing field director space and adopt differential output, and detection steel pipe top layer pcrmeability is in magnetic
Change the differential change on direction；
3rd step, steel pipe is moved with respect to magnetizator and detection probe, and output signal changes, and is divided by output signal
Analysis steel duct has flawless and crackle size.
Further, the magnetizator is excited uniformly quiet using outer through mode dc magnetization coil or permanent magnet magnetization device
State magnetizing field.
Further, the steel pipe inner wall crackle is produced distortion of field diffusion and travel to steel pipe top layer, and cause outer layer
The fluctuation of pcrmeability in tube wall.
Further, crackle magnetic induction line disturbance nearby up forms pcrmeability distorted region, two detection lines in region
Circle is located at respectively above steel pipe top layer pcrmeability distortion area and non-distortion area, along direction of magnetization differential output.
Further, the steel pipe is along magnetizator axis linear uniform motion.
Further, two test coil of eddy current spacing spatially is changed with the wall thickness of tested steel pipe.
Further, the detection probe is arranged one week around steel pipe in the form of an array, and carries out scanning along the steel pipe direction of magnetization,
Multichannel is while detect outer wall of steel pipe crackle.
Further, the alternating magnetic field of the vortex excitation coil directly acts on outer wall of steel pipe through the air gap, excitation
Frequency is 1kHZ-100kHZ.
Further, vortex excitation coil is 0-5mm with the lift-off value of steel tube surface.
The inventive method principle is the magnetic conductance for being diffused into steel pipe top layer by steel duct for being caused based on variate crackle
Rate distribution distortion, in ferromagnetic steel pipe, internal magnetic field B increases, pcrmeability in material with the increase for applying dc magnetization field H
μ=B/H assumes downward trend after being gradually increased to maximum.When there is underbead crack, the magnetic line of force is produced to outer wall of steel pipe direction
Raw disturbance, causes distorted magnetic field so that above crackle, adjacent domain produces large range of pcrmeability distortion, and is diffused into inwall
The corresponding outer wall of steel pipe top layer of crackle, assumes the permeability characteristics different from flawless, therefore, the magnetic field that inner surface crackses are produced
What distortion caused is the fluctuation of pcrmeability in outer wall.
During detection, the outer through mode DC coil or permanent magnet magnetization device excite unifonn static magnetizing field, and adjustment is straight
Stream current source output size, controls the axial magnetized degree to the steel pipe in effective magnetizing area, forms saturated magnetization in body surface
Region.Crackle magnetic induction line disturbance nearby up forms pcrmeability distorted region in region.Sine signal source is to being vortexed excitation coil
Apply excitation, excitation coil axis along steel pipe radially, with the lift-off value of steel tube surface typically between 0-5mm, in steel pipe top layer magnetic
Conductance distorted region produces vortex field.The alternating magnetic field of detection probe directly acts on pipe outer wall through the air gap and detects magnetic conductance
The change of rate, when the relative detection probe of steel pipe is moved, two test coil of eddy current CA and CB that space is staggered are located at steel respectively
Above pipe top layer pcrmeability distortion area and non-distortion area, the differential output along the direction of magnetization is carried out, measures the sensing magnetic of the distortion
, the change of output signal is realized having or not the judgement of underbead crack and its size, and its spacing distance spatially becomes with thickness of pipe wall
Dynamic.
Single vortex excitation coil and two detection coils collectively constitute one group of detection probe.Detection probe is in outer wall of steel pipe
Along axis scanning, when the pcrmeability distorted region of steel pipe top layer, the vortex induction magnetic field change that pcrmeability distortion causes is got
Change.Detection probe exports the signal of telecommunication, is connected with computer after signal condition amplification module, phase sensitive detection module, and it is right to realize
The enforcement of crackle differentiates.
The device of above-mentioned steel pipe implosion marks detection method is realized, it includes DC current source, outer through mode magnetizator, sine
Signal source, vortex excitation coil, detection coil CA, detection coil CB, phase sensitive detection and signal condition amplification module.The detection
Probe is made up of excitation coil, detection coil CA, detection coil CB.
After saturated magnetization implemented by steel pipe, inwall or underbead crack produce the distortion of field in regional area and are delivered to steel pipe table
Layer；After steel pipe top layer is affected by distorted magnetic field, the pcrmeability of regional area is distorted；When vortex excitation coil and detection line
Circle centrage is respectively arranged after the outer surface of steel pipe along normal direction, along two test coil of eddy current that the direction of magnetization staggers in space
Using differential output, steel pipe top layer pcrmeability difference spatially is detected.When crackle occurs in inside, top layer pcrmeability is in space
Upper have variation, the signal that test coil of eddy current output changes；During internal flawless, top layer pcrmeability is spatially consistent, whirlpool
The weak output signal of stream detection coil output.Magnetic conductance in the outer wall that the distortion of field that the present invention is produced based on inner surface crackses causes
The fluctuation of rate, this fluctuation is delivered to pipe outer wall rather than outer tube layer in the air, further, the alternation of detection probe in steel pipe body
Magnetic field directly acts on the change that outer wall of steel pipe detects pcrmeability through the air gap, eliminates measurement lift-off impact, it is achieved that
The detection of great burying crackle, signal to noise ratio and sensitivity height.
Based on technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The present invention expansion that direct measurement inner surface crackses do not cause
The weak distorted magnetic field being scattered in superficial air, the workpiece surface pcrmeability for taking measurement equally to be caused by inside workpiece distorted magnetic field
Amount of distortion, recycles different swirl detection coil to obtain the alternating current impression field distortion for being caused by pcrmeability distortion, makes up existing
The deficiency that flux-leakage detection method is detected to thick walled steel tube.Multichannel detects steel pipe inner wall crackle simultaneously, so as to realize high speed and super precision
Inner surface crackses detection.Due to direct measurement workpiece surface pcrmeability distort, it is achieved that lift-off distance in thick walled steel tube
Wall fine crack implements high precision test, have the advantages that system structure is simple, versatility and interchangeability are strong, and can achieve non-connecing
Tactile rapid automatized detection, it is achieved that the detection of great burying crackle, signal to noise ratio and sensitivity height.
Description of the drawings
Inner surface crackses detection when Fig. 1 is not magnetized for steel pipe is illustrated；
The steel duct magnetic line of force that is magnetized when Fig. 2 is for no inner surface crackses is evenly distributed schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the steel duct magnetic line of force distribution schematic diagram that is magnetized when having inner surface crackses；
Fig. 4 is pcrmeability cloud charts above inner surface crackses；
Fig. 5 produces vortex schematic diagram for vortex excitation coil on steel pipe top layer；
Fig. 6 is that two detection coil spaces are staggered and differential output signal schematic representation；
Fig. 7 is differential detection sonde configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the overall specific embodiment schematic diagram of the inventive method；
Fig. 9 is the actually detected signal schematic representation of inner surface crackses；
Figure 10 is the overall schematic of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the principle of the present invention and feature are described, example is served only for explaining the present invention, and
Non- for limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, when steel pipe 1 is not magnetized, its internal pcrmeability is uniformly distributed, and eddy current probe 2 is outside steel pipe 1
Wall scanning, 1 surface induction of steel pipe goes out vortex, and due to the kelvin effect being vortexed, vortex is mainly distributed on the region 3 shown in Fig. 1.I.e.
Steel pipe inner wall is made to there are inner surface crackses 4, as wall thickness is far longer than the vortex skin depth of three times.Vortex fails arrival inwall and splits
4 position of stricture of vagina, so detection probe 2 exports unchanged, i.e., cannot detect steel pipe inner wall crackle.
In order to make detection probe 2 detect the internal fissure of above-mentioned thick walled steel tube 1 in 1 outer wall of steel pipe, which is implemented axially
Magnetization.As shown in Fig. 2 when there is no crackle inside the steel pipe 1, uniform magnetic induction line 5 is distributed with inside steel pipe 1.Steel duct magnetic
B increases with the increase for applying dc magnetization field H, and in material, magnetic permeability μ=B/H is gradually increased to after maximum in now
Drop trend.
As shown in figure 3, when steel pipe 1 has inner surface crackses 4, around crackle, magnetic induction line is produced to 1 outer wall direction of steel pipe and is disturbed
Dynamic, cause distorted magnetic field so that crackle upper area produces large range of pcrmeability distortion magnetic induction line 5 ", and it is diffused into steel pipe
The corresponding outer wall top layer of inner surface crackses 4, assumes the permeability characteristics different from magnetic induction line at flawless 5 ', therefore inner surface crackses 4
What the distortion of field of generation caused is the fluctuation of pcrmeability in outer wall.
Fig. 4 is the pcrmeability distribution schematic diagram around inner surface crackses during steel pipe applying saturated magnetization, and distort magnetic induction line 5 " position
In pcrmeability distorted region 8, directly nearby 1 top layer of steel pipe, the relative permeability in the region and its week is diffused into by inner surface crackses 4
There is significant difference in the pcrmeability for enclosing, need to detect the difference using certain probe connected mode.
Therefore specific implementation step can be divided into：
1st step, produces axial magnetized field using outer through mode dc magnetization coil 7, acts on the quilt in effective magnetizing area
Inspection steel pipe 1 is simultaneously magnetized to saturation, produces the local magnetic induction distorted region of maximum around 1 inner surface crackses of steel pipe
5 ", and it is diffused into 1 top layer of steel pipe.
2nd step, the centrage for being vortexed excitation coil 6 is arranged radially at steel tube surface along steel pipe, as shown in figure 5, excitation frequency
Rate is selected between 1kHZ-100kHZ, produces vortex on steel pipe top layer, at the same time, detection coil CA and detection coil CB, i.e., and
In Fig. 6, Fig. 79 and 10, its centrage is staggeredly arranged along steel pipe axial space, works as steel along steel pipe radial arrangement in steel tube surface
When the relative detection probe 2 of pipe is moved, detection coil 9 and 10 is located in steel pipe top layer pcrmeability distortion area and non-distortion area respectively
Side, two test coil of eddy current adopt differential output, detect differential change of the steel pipe top layer pcrmeability in the direction of magnetization, vortex
Excitation coil 6 and detection coil 9,10 collectively form detection probe 2, with the lift-off value of steel tube surface typically between 0-5mm.Work as inspection
Test coil 9,10 respectively through pcrmeability distortion area above and no pcrmeability distortion area above when, detection probe 2 produce maximum
Signal output.
3rd step, steel pipe 1 is with respect to outer through mode magnetizing coil 7 and detection probe 2 linear uniform motion vertically, steel pipe 1
Zones of different is when 2 lower section of detection probe, and 2 two ends induction electromotive force of detection probe changes, and the signal after analyzing and processing shows
There are flawless and crackle size inside steel pipe 1.The 1mm depth under 12mm thickness of slab is obtained in experiment, and 1mm width back side crack detection is believed
Number, as shown in Figure 9.
The implementation of this method is illustrated in figure 8, device includes detection probe 2, outer through mode magnetizing coil 7, amplifies
Filtration module 11, phase sensitive detection module 12, pass through A/D acquisition module 13, computer 14, ac-excited source 15, DC source 16.
As shown in Figure 10, outer through mode magnetizing coil 7 implements saturated magnetization to steel pipe region to be checked, and ac-excited source 15 carries
It is applied in detection probe 2 for adjustable sinusoidal excitation.Detection probe 2 is located at outer through mode magnetizing coil 7 and 1 outer wall of steel pipe
Between, keep relative position constant, steel pipe 1 is when 2 lower section of detection probe, and the signal that detection probe 2 is obtained is through amplifying filter
Ripple module 11, phase sensitive detection module 12, after A/D acquisition module 13, are supplied to computer 14 and extract signal characteristic and use ripple
The form of shape figure shows, obtains the crack information of steel duct to be detected.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement that is made etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method based on top layer pcrmeability variate, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Tested steel pipe is magnetized to saturation using magnetizator by the 1st step, produces the office of maximum around steel duct or inner surface crackses
Portion's magnetic induction distortion；
2nd step, detection probe includes a vortex excitation coil and two detection coils, by a vortex excitation coil and two
The centrage of detection coil is respectively arranged the outer surface in steel pipe along normal direction, and vortex excitation coil produces vortex on steel pipe top layer,
Two detection coils are staggeredly arranged along magnetizing field director space and adopt differential output, and detection steel pipe top layer pcrmeability is in magnetization side
Differential change upwards；
3rd step, steel pipe is moved with respect to magnetizator and detection probe, and output signal changes, by Output Signal Analysis steel
There are flawless and crackle size inside pipe.
2. thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The magnetizator is using wearing outward
Formula dc magnetization coil or permanent magnet magnetization device is crossed, excites unifonn static magnetizing field.
3. thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The steel pipe inner wall crackle is produced
The raw distortion of field is spread and travels to steel pipe top layer, and causes the fluctuation of pcrmeability in outer wall.
4. thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Crackle magnetic induction line disturbance nearby
Up region forms pcrmeability distorted region, and two detection coils are located at steel pipe top layer pcrmeability distortion Qu Hefei respectively
Above distortion area, along direction of magnetization differential output.
5. thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Two test coil of eddy current exist
Spacing spatially is changed with the wall thickness of tested steel pipe.
6. thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The steel pipe is along magnetizator axle
Line does linear uniform motion.
7. outer wall of steel pipe crack detecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the detection probe is with array shape
Formula is arranged one week around steel pipe, and carries out scanning along the steel pipe direction of magnetization, and multichannel is while detect outer wall of steel pipe crackle.
8. according to arbitrary described thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method in claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that：The vortex
The alternating magnetic field of excitation coil directly acts on outer wall of steel pipe through the air gap, and driving frequency is 1kHZ-100kHZ.
9. according to arbitrary described thick walled steel tube implosion marks detection method in claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that：Vortex excitation
Coil is 0-5mm with the lift-off value of steel tube surface.
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| CN112629972A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-09 | 上海灏行化工科技有限公司 | Method for prefabricating defects of inner wall of pipeline and force application device |
| CN113740413A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | Steel plate layering defect detection method and system based on magnetic permeability disturbance measurement |
| CN114088808A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-25 | 蒋峰 | Pipeline crack visual detection method and system of three-dimensional induced eddy current magnetic field cloud picture |
| CN114764086A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-19 | 核动力运行研究所 | Pipeline internal detection method based on eddy current detection differential permeability under bias magnetization |
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Application publication date: 20170222 |