CN106441887B - The measurement method of contact load between a kind of turntable bearing rolling element and outer ring raceway - Google Patents

The measurement method of contact load between a kind of turntable bearing rolling element and outer ring raceway Download PDF

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CN106441887B
CN106441887B CN201610803717.9A CN201610803717A CN106441887B CN 106441887 B CN106441887 B CN 106441887B CN 201610803717 A CN201610803717 A CN 201610803717A CN 106441887 B CN106441887 B CN 106441887B
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eddy current
displacement sensor
turntable bearing
current displacement
outer ring
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CN106441887A (en
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陈观慈
温戈
王存珠
李肖杰
李超
侯光辉
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of measurement methods of contact load between turntable bearing rolling element and outer ring raceway, belong to field of scientific study.The present invention processes eddy current displacement sensor mounting hole first;Eddy current displacement sensor is installed in eddy current displacement sensor mounting hole by eddy current displacement sensor installation set, by eddy current displacement sensor measure turntable bearing it is loaded when tested surface displacement;The displacement of tested surface is converted into contact load.The present invention realizes the measurement of contact load between rolling element and raceway;Multiple eddy current displacement sensor mounting holes can be along the circumferential direction processed in turntable bearing outer ring, and multiple eddy current displacement sensors are installed and are measured.

Description

Method for measuring contact load between turntable bearing rolling body and outer ring raceway
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring contact load between a rolling body and an outer ring raceway of a turntable bearing, belonging to the field of scientific research.
Background
The inner ring and the outer ring of the single-row four-point angular contact ball turntable bearing are respectively provided with two raceways, and the two raceways on each ferrule are formed by two arcs with non-coincident centers. The turntable bearing has compact structure and light weight, and the steel ball and the raceway are in four-point contact and can simultaneously bear axial force, radial force and overturning moment. The bearing has very wide application in engineering machinery such as rotary welding operation machines, small and medium-sized cranes, excavators and the like, and yaw and pitch bearings of wind driven generators also adopt a turntable bearing with a four-point contact ball structure in quantity at present.
Most of the slewing bearings are relatively large in size and widely applied to large-scale engineering machinery, and the safety problem is particularly outstanding, so that various researchers discuss the problem of type selection calculation of the slewing bearings, and the type selection calculation depends on the load-moment bearing curve of the slewing bearings. The bearing curve of the turntable bearing is the allowable bearing limit of the turntable bearing in the working process, wherein the static load bearing curve refers to the bearing static load bearing capacity when the contact part of a rolling body of the turntable bearing and a raceway reaches allowable contact stress; the dynamic load bearing curve refers to a batch of slewing bearings with the same structure and size, wherein 90% of the service life of the slewing bearings reaches or exceeds the dynamic load bearing curve of the standard working cycle number, and the bearing curves of the slewing bearings with the same material, the same type and the same size are different even if the slewing bearings with the same material, the same type and the same size are compared and analyzed, so that the difference of the bearing curves is mainly caused by the difference of the load distribution calculation method of the slewing bearings.
Like other types of turntable bearings, the single-row four-point contact ball turntable bearing generally does rotary motion or intermittent swing with low rotating speed when working, the number of times of stress change on each element is small compared with other rolling bearings, and therefore the main failure modes of the single-row four-point contact ball turntable bearing are plastic deformation, local pitting, peeling, rolling body crushing and the like generated by each element under the action of static load or impact load. The main failure mode of the slewing bearing determines the significance of the internal load distribution state analysis. The load distribution state determines the position of the loaded maximum rolling body and the magnitude of the load value; the load distribution state in the bearing also provides important data for checking the strength of the bolt connected between the inner ring and the outer structure; further, the load distribution state inside the bearing determines the relative displacement between the stationary ring and the movable ring, and indirectly determines the rigidity of the bearing.
At present, the domestic research on the load distribution of the turntable bearing is mainly theoretical analysis, and the results obtained by using different methods for the same bearing are different. The results of the calculations must be compared to bench test data. And the service life and the reliability of the turntable bearing produced in a factory are mostly obtained by adopting experiment of an experiment table. If the turntable bearing needs to be studied more deeply, the experiment through a laboratory bench is needed to provide a more accurate theoretical model. To accomplish these experiments, the measurement of the contact load inside the slewing bearing must first be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring contact load between a rolling body and an outer ring raceway of a turntable bearing, which aims to solve the problem of measuring the contact load in the turntable bearing and is convenient for carrying out related research on the distribution of the contact load of the turntable bearing.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for measuring contact load between a turntable bearing rolling body and an outer ring raceway comprises the following specific steps:
step1, processing an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4: an eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole is processed on the outer ring 5 of the turntable bearing, the nominal diameter of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole is b, b is larger than or equal to a, the included angle between the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole and a radial plane perpendicular to the axis of the turntable bearing is equal to the initial contact angle of the turntable bearing, the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole and the axis of the turntable bearing are in the same plane, and the change range of the measured surface displacement is between the resolution and the measuring range of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 under the longitudinal depth of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole; wherein, a represents the diameter of the minimum measured surface of the eddy current displacement sensor 4, and the bottom surface of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 is the measured surface;
step2, mounting the eddy current displacement sensor 4 and measuring: installing an eddy current displacement sensor 4 in an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 through an eddy current displacement sensor installation sleeve 3, and measuring the displacement of a measured surface of the turntable bearing when the turntable bearing is loaded through the eddy current displacement sensor 4;
step3, converting the displacement of the measured surface into a contact load: the displacement of the measured surface can be obtained by simulating the loaded working condition of the turntable bearing through finite element simulation analysis and calculatingsWhen in use, the contact load between the rolling body 2 and the raceway of the outer ring 5 of the turntable bearing is as follows; and fitting the corresponding data into a conversion formula of the displacement of the measured surface and the contact load between the rolling body 2 and the raceway of the turntable bearing outer ring 5 by a least square method:
F=As 3+Bs 2+Cs+D
wherein,ABCandDare all coefficients found by the least squares method.
The turntable bearing is a toothless single-row four-point contact ball type turntable bearing.
Wherein, in the finite element analysis, ANSYS finite element analysis software is adopted. The eddy current displacement sensor 4 can statically and dynamically measure the distance between the measured surface of the measured body 6 and the surface of the probe in a non-contact, high-linearity and high-resolution manner. The non-contact linear metering tool can accurately measure the static and dynamic relative displacement change between the measured surface of the measured body 6 (which must be a metal conductor) and the end surface of the probe. In addition, in order to ensure the measurement performance of the eddy current displacement sensor 4, the measured surface on the measured object 6 must not be smaller than the minimum measured surface, and the minimum measured surface is usually represented by a circular surface with a diameter a.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
because the contact stress at the contact part of the rolling body and the raceway is very large (more than 1 GPa), the contact load cannot be directly measured by a sensor, and the contact deformation cannot be directly measured. The indirect measurement method realizes the measurement of the contact load between the rolling body and the raceway.
A plurality of eddy current displacement sensor mounting holes can be processed on the outer ring of the turntable bearing along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of eddy current displacement sensors are mounted for measurement. Wherein, the position of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor along the circumference and the number of the mounting holes of the eddy current displacement sensor are determined according to the specific research purpose. The contact load of different positions in the circumferential direction can be obtained when the turntable bearing is loaded, and the related research on the distribution of the contact load in the turntable bearing is carried out.
On the basis of realizing the measurement of the distribution of the contact load in the turntable bearing, the influence of the number and the distribution of the connecting bolts, the structure of the turntable bearing support and the like on the distribution of the contact load in the turntable bearing can be researched, and then the number and the distribution of the connecting bolts and the structure of the support are optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single row four point joint ball-type slewing bearing;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a single row four point joint ball-type slewing bearing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an eddy current displacement sensor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mounting of an eddy current displacement sensor to a mounting sleeve;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the mounting of an eddy current displacement sensor and a turntable bearing;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the eddy current displacement sensor and the turntable bearing mounted thereon;
the reference numbers in the figures: the device comprises a 1-turntable bearing inner ring, a 2-rolling body, a 3-displacement sensor mounting sleeve, a 4-eddy current displacement sensor, a 5-turntable bearing outer ring, a 6-measured body, an L1-axis of an eddy current displacement sensor mounting hole, an L2-turntable bearing axis, an E-radial plane vertical to the turntable bearing axis, and a c-included angle between the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor mounting hole and the radial plane vertical to the turntable bearing axis.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a method for measuring contact load between a rolling element and an outer ring raceway of a turntable bearing includes the following steps:
step1, processing an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4: an eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole is processed on the outer ring 5 of the turntable bearing, the nominal diameter of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole is b, b is larger than or equal to a, the included angle between the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole and a radial plane perpendicular to the axis of the turntable bearing is equal to the initial contact angle of the turntable bearing, the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole and the axis of the turntable bearing are in the same plane, and the change range of the measured surface displacement is between the resolution and the measuring range of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 under the longitudinal depth of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole; wherein, a represents the diameter of the minimum measured surface of the eddy current displacement sensor 4, and the bottom surface of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 is the measured surface;
step2, mounting the eddy current displacement sensor 4 and measuring: installing an eddy current displacement sensor 4 in an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 through an eddy current displacement sensor installation sleeve 3, and measuring the displacement of a measured surface of the turntable bearing when the turntable bearing is loaded through the eddy current displacement sensor 4;
Step3, converting the displacement of the measured surface into a contact load: the displacement of the measured surface can be obtained by simulating the loaded working condition of the turntable bearing through finite element simulation analysis and calculatingsAt the time, the contact load between the rolling bodies 2 and the raceway of the outer ring 5 of the turntable bearing is(ii) a And fitting the corresponding data into a conversion formula of the displacement of the measured surface and the contact load between the rolling body 2 and the raceway of the turntable bearing outer ring 5 by a least square method:
F=As 3+Bs 2+Cs+D
wherein,ABCandDare all coefficients found by the least squares method.
The turntable bearing is a toothless single-row four-point contact ball type turntable bearing.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a method for measuring contact load between a rolling element and an outer ring raceway of a turntable bearing includes the following steps:
step1, processing an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4: an eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole is processed on the outer ring 5 of the turntable bearing, the nominal diameter of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole is b, b is larger than or equal to a, the included angle between the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole and a radial plane perpendicular to the axis of the turntable bearing is equal to the initial contact angle of the turntable bearing, the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole and the axis of the turntable bearing are in the same plane, and the change range of the measured surface displacement is between the resolution and the measuring range of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 under the longitudinal depth of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 mounting hole; wherein, a represents the diameter of the minimum measured surface of the eddy current displacement sensor 4, and the bottom surface of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 is the measured surface;
step2, mounting the eddy current displacement sensor 4 and measuring: installing an eddy current displacement sensor 4 in an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor 4 through an eddy current displacement sensor installation sleeve 3, and measuring the displacement of a measured surface of the turntable bearing when the turntable bearing is loaded through the eddy current displacement sensor 4;
step3, converting the displacement of the measured surface into a contact load: the displacement of the measured surface can be obtained by simulating the loaded working condition of the turntable bearing through finite element simulation analysis and calculatingsAt the time, the contact load between the rolling bodies 2 and the raceway of the outer ring 5 of the turntable bearing is(ii) a And fitting the corresponding data into a conversion formula of the displacement of the measured surface and the contact load between the rolling body 2 and the raceway of the turntable bearing outer ring 5 by a least square method:
F=As 3+Bs 2+Cs+D
wherein,ABCandDare all coefficients found by the least squares method.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 1-6, the single-row four-point contact ball type slewing bearing (toothless) manufactured by the luoyang bearing manufacturer model number 787/434G2 is measured, and the slewing bearing mainly comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and rolling elements, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring can rotate relatively. Wherein, the inner ring and the outer ring are assembled by the rolling element, and the rolling element and the inner ring and the outer ring are in point contact. When the turntable bearing is loaded, the acting force generated by the rolling body and the inner and outer ring raceways due to point contact is the contact load between the rolling body and the raceways of the turntable bearing.
Selecting a displacement sensor: an eddy current displacement sensor of the German balluff barrov model number BAWM12MG2-IAC20B-BP00,2-GS04 is selected, the measuring range of the eddy current displacement sensor is 2mm, the resolution is 0.5 mu M (the minimum displacement which can be measured by the eddy current displacement sensor), the mounting thread size is M12, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the minimum measured surface is 20 mm.
Processing an eddy current displacement sensor mounting hole: the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor is a threaded hole and is processed on the outer ring of the 787/434G2 turntable bearing, and the bottom surface of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor is a measured surface. The included angle between the axis of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor and a radial plane vertical to the axis of the turntable bearing is equal to the initial contact angle of 787/434G2 turntable bearing of 30 degrees, and the axis of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor and the axis of the turntable bearing are in the same plane. According to the requirement that the minimum measured surface diameter of an eddy current displacement sensor of the German balluff barrov model number BAWM12MG2-IAC20B-BP00 and 2-GS04 is 20mm, the thread size of a displacement sensor mounting hole is set as M20mm (the nominal diameter is 20mm), and the eddy current displacement sensor with the mounting size of M12 is mounted in the displacement sensor mounting hole of M20 through a displacement sensor mounting sleeve 3. Through finite element simulation analysis, when the longitudinal depth of the displacement sensor mounting hole is 27mm, the displacement of the measured surface when the turntable bearing is loaded is between 3.96 and 84.78 μm. The displacement of the measured surface is greater than the resolution of the selected eddy current displacement sensor and less than the measuring range, so that the longitudinal depth of the displacement sensor mounting hole is 27mm, and the thickness from the bottom surface of the displacement sensor mounting hole to the outer ring raceway of the turntable bearing 787/434G2 is about 5 mm.
Installing an eddy current displacement sensor and measuring: the eddy current displacement sensor is arranged in the eddy current displacement sensor mounting hole through the eddy current displacement sensor mounting sleeve, so that the displacement of the measured body when the turntable bearing is loaded can be measured.
The displacement of the measured surface is converted into a contact load: simulating the loaded working condition of the turntable bearing through finite element simulation analysis, and obtaining the displacement of the measured surface after calculation asAt the time, the contact load between the rolling bodies 2 and the raceway of the outer ring 5 of the turntable bearing is. As shown in the following table:
and fitting the corresponding data into a conversion formula of the displacement of the measured surface and the contact load between the rolling body and the outer ring raceway of the turntable bearing by a least square method:
F=0.0004s 3 +0.4404s 2 +255.0353s-14.1476
wherein,sthe displacement of the measured surface measured by the eddy current displacement sensor,Fthe contact load between the rolling bodies of the turntable bearing and the outer ring raceway is 787/434G 2.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

1. A method for measuring contact load between a turntable bearing rolling body and an outer ring raceway is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step1, processing an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor (4): an eddy current displacement sensor (4) mounting hole is processed on the outer ring (5) of the turntable bearing, the nominal diameter of the eddy current displacement sensor (4) mounting hole is b, b is larger than or equal to a, the included angle between the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor (4) mounting hole and a radial plane perpendicular to the axis of the turntable bearing is equal to the initial contact angle of the turntable bearing, the axis of the eddy current displacement sensor (4) mounting hole and the axis of the turntable bearing are in the same plane, and the longitudinal depth of the eddy current displacement sensor (4) mounting hole meets the requirement that the variation range of the measured surface displacement is between the resolution and the measuring range of the eddy current displacement sensor (4); wherein a represents the diameter of the minimum measured surface of the eddy current displacement sensor (4), and the bottom surface of the mounting hole of the eddy current displacement sensor (4) is the measured surface;
step2, mounting an eddy current displacement sensor (4) and measuring: an eddy current displacement sensor (4) is arranged in an installation hole of the eddy current displacement sensor (4) through an eddy current displacement sensor installation sleeve (3), and the displacement of a measured surface of the turntable bearing when the turntable bearing is loaded is measured through the eddy current displacement sensor (4);
step3, converting the displacement of the measured surface into a contact load: the displacement of the measured surface can be obtained by simulating the loaded working condition of the turntable bearing through finite element simulation analysis and calculatingsWhen the contact load between the rolling bodies (2) and the raceway of the turntable bearing outer ring (5) isF(ii) a And fitting the corresponding data into a conversion formula of the displacement of the measured surface and the contact load between the rolling body (2) and the raceway of the turntable bearing outer ring (5) by a least square method:
F=As 3+Bs 2+Cs+D
wherein,ABCandDare all coefficients found by the least squares method.
2. The method of claim 1 for measuring contact load between a rolling element and an outer ring raceway of a slewing bearing, wherein: the turntable bearing is a toothless single-row four-point contact ball type turntable bearing.
CN201610803717.9A 2016-09-06 2016-09-06 The measurement method of contact load between a kind of turntable bearing rolling element and outer ring raceway Active CN106441887B (en)

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CN109063401B (en) * 2018-10-17 2022-07-19 吉林大学 Method for realizing structural contact force optimization by adopting equivalent static displacement
CN112284575B (en) * 2020-09-18 2021-12-28 西安交通大学 On-line bearing load monitoring method based on eddy current displacement sensor
CN111985141B (en) * 2020-09-18 2024-03-22 河南科技大学 Method for determining allowable contact stress of surface hardening raceway of turntable bearing
CN113280962A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-08-20 洛阳斯特林智能传动科技有限公司 Axial load detection device of turntable bearing and shield machine

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