CN106441476B - Combined flow meter for hillside farmland runoff - Google Patents
Combined flow meter for hillside farmland runoff Download PDFInfo
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- CN106441476B CN106441476B CN201610946309.9A CN201610946309A CN106441476B CN 106441476 B CN106441476 B CN 106441476B CN 201610946309 A CN201610946309 A CN 201610946309A CN 106441476 B CN106441476 B CN 106441476B
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- meter
- tipping bucket
- flowmeter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
- G01F11/10—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation
- G01F11/26—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation wherein the measuring chamber is filled and emptied by tilting or inverting the supply vessel, e.g. bottle-emptying apparatus
- G01F11/262—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation wherein the measuring chamber is filled and emptied by tilting or inverting the supply vessel, e.g. bottle-emptying apparatus for liquid or semi-liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/07—Integration to give total flow, e.g. using mechanically-operated integrating mechanism
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/10—Preventing damage by freezing or excess pressure or insufficient pressure
- G01F15/105—Preventing damage by hydraulic shocks
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined flow meter for hillside fields, which comprises a water source hand valve, a signaling water meter, a tipping bucket flow meter, a water receiving port, a check valve and a PLC programmable controller. The water source hand valve, the signaling water meter and the water receiving port are all positioned on the transverse water pipe, the water source hand valve is arranged at the inlet end of the transverse water pipe, the signaling water meter is arranged behind the water source hand valve, the water receiving port is arranged behind the signaling water meter, the check valve is arranged at the top end of the vertical water pipe, and the transverse water pipe is communicated with the vertical water pipe at right angles. The skip bucket flowmeter is arranged at the lower end of the water receiving port, and digital signals sent by the signaling water meter and the skip bucket flowmeter are received and processed by the PLC programmable controller terminal. The invention can automatically switch the counting mode according to the small, medium and large change process of the runoff quantity, not only can accurately measure the water quantity in a dripping state, but also can measure the water quantity in a large flow quantity, and has wide application range and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flowmeter, in particular to a combined flowmeter for hillside runoffs, and belongs to the fields of hydraulic engineering and agriculture.
Background
Runoff is a stream of water that is formed by atmospheric precipitation and enters a river, lake or ocean through different paths within the stream. Runoff can be divided into surface runoff, in-soil flow and underground water flow according to the formation and flow paths. Under the condition of rainfall of the same intensity, the existence of the slope of the hillside farmland can enable water, soil and nutrients on the slope to move downwards along with the runoff water, or permeate into underground water through soil sections in the form of seepage, leaching loss and the like to further migrate into a receiving water body, so that a large amount of sediment migration and nutrient loss are caused, and the water body is eutrophicated. Therefore, accurate acquisition of slope farmland runoff flow change information in a certain rainfall time period is a basis for dynamic researches on water-soil balance, nutrient loss and the like of the slope farmland.
At present, a plurality of flow measuring devices are applied in agricultural hydraulic engineering, namely, a water meter is not rotated and does not perform metering in a dripping state, and under the condition of small flow, the water meter dial rotates, but the metering numerical error is large; there are also flow meters for calculating runoff amount by using a double-sided dump meter, such as the surface runoff automatic metering device (application number CN 201310243468.9) invented by Zhang Guilong and 2013, but the dump capacity of the device is small, and the problem that the device cannot turn over in time easily occurs under the condition of large flow; there are also ultrasonic liquid flow meters based on signal detection, such as the ultrasonic flow meter of the invention of japanese patent No. Zhuang Dajie et al (2007) (application number: CN 200780048729.4), but such devices require that the liquid pressure in the circular tube is stable, and the measurement accuracy can be ensured only when the liquid flow rate is large, and it is difficult for the ultrasonic flow meter to ensure the global accuracy in one rainfall process due to the large change of the runoff amount in the rainfall process. In addition, because sediment phenomenon exists in the slope farmland runoff, the common small-sized flowmeter is easy to cause blocking phenomenon, and the slope farmland runoff metering requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides the combined flow meter for the hillside runoff, which has the advantages of simple structure, accurate measurement, convenient installation and implementation and capability of freely switching the counting mode along with the large, medium and small change process of the water quantity.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a combined flow meter for hillside fields, comprising:
the water source hand valve is used for connecting a water collecting tank below the slope cultivation ground and controlling the on-off of a water source to be measured;
the signal-sending water meter is used for measuring the large-flow slope farmland runoff water;
a skip bucket flowmeter positioned at the downstream of the signaling water meter and used for measuring small flow of the hillside farmland runoff water,
the water receiving port is arranged above the skip flowmeter and is used for introducing partial hillside farmland runoff water into the skip flowmeter;
the transverse water pipe is used for connecting a water source hand valve, a signaling water meter and a water receiving port;
and the PLC is connected with the signaling water meter metering signal and the skip bucket flowmeter metering signal and is used for summarizing the flow sum of the signaling water meter and the skip bucket flowmeter and selecting whether to discard the skip bucket flowmeter metering data. The PLC can receive and process digital signals sent by the signal water meter and the skip bucket flowmeter. When the measured flow is smaller than or equal to the critical value, the PLC automatically discards the count value of the water meter and stores the count value of the skip bucket flowmeter; when the measured flow is greater than the critical value, the PLC automatically discards the count value of the skip bucket flowmeter and stores the count value into the water meter.
As an improvement, the tail end of the transverse water pipe is provided with a vertical water pipe, the vertical water pipe is used for guaranteeing certain water pressure in the transverse water pipe, so that small-flow water coming from a water source hand valve is completely metered by a skip bucket flowmeter below through a water receiving port, and the top of the vertical water pipe is provided with a check valve for preventing water backflow, so that skip bucket flowmeter metering errors caused by water backflow in the vertical water pipe are prevented.
As an improvement, the skip flowmeter comprises a collecting groove, a double-side skip and two photoelectric counters, wherein the upper part of the collecting groove is used for collecting water flowing out from a water receiving port, a flow outlet hole is formed in the bottom of the collecting groove, the double-side skip manufactured by adopting a mechanical lever principle is arranged below the flow outlet hole, the double-side skip is symmetrically arranged, a rotating shaft is arranged at the center of the bottom of the double-side skip, the double-side skip can freely rotate around the rotating shaft, and the two photoelectric counters are respectively arranged below two ends of the double-side skip.
As an improvement, precision regulators are respectively arranged below two ends of the double-sided tipping bucket, the photoelectric counter is positioned at the top of the precision regulators, and the precision regulators are cylinders with adjustable top heights.
As an improvement, the bottom of the tipping bucket flowmeter is provided with a bottom plate with a screw hole, the precision regulator is a screw rod, two nuts are arranged on the screw rod, the screw rod penetrates through the screw hole of the bottom plate, the two nuts are respectively positioned on the bottom plate to fix the precision regulator, and the precision regulator can be lifted or lowered by adjusting the two nuts of the precision regulator on the bottom plate. The height of the photoelectric counter at the top of the tipping bucket flowmeter is adjusted through the precision adjuster, so that the precision adjustment of the tipping bucket flowmeter is realized.
As an improvement, the bottom plate is provided with a drain hole, and the drain hole can be used for draining water flowing down from the double-side tipping bucket and can also be used for taking water samples.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the automatic counting device can automatically switch the counting mode according to the small, medium and large change process of the water quantity, can accurately meter the water quantity in a dripping state, and meter the water quantity in a large flow, and is wide in application range and high in practicability.
2. The precision regulator of the skip flowmeter can regulate different precision by utilizing the mechanical lever principle, the minimum precision is 1L, and the maximum precision can reach 5ml.
3. The mechanical counting mode is adopted, so that the problem of electronic wetness is avoided, and the electronic wetness is not easy to damage.
4. The method can meet the requirements of soil flow and groundwater flow measurement in hillside fields, and is also suitable for surface runoff measurement with low sand content.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1-water source hand valve, 2-signaling water meter, 3-water receiving port, 4-skip flowmeter, 5-double-side skip, 6-precision regulator, 7-drain hole, 8-check valve, 9-PLC programmable controller, 10-collecting groove, 11-photoelectric counter and 12-rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples. In the figure, a water source hand valve, 1, a signaling water meter 2, a water receiving port 3, a tipping bucket flowmeter 4, a double-sided tipping bucket 5, an accuracy regulator 6, a drain hole 7, a check valve 8, a PLC programmable controller 9, a collecting tank 10, a photoelectric counter 11 and a rotating shaft 12.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention comprises a water source hand valve 1, a signaling water meter 2, a water receiving port 3, a tipping bucket flowmeter 4, a check valve 8 and a PLC (programmable logic controller) 9. In specific implementation, the water source hand valve 1, the signaling water meter 2 and the water receiving port 3 are all positioned on the transverse water pipe, the water source hand valve 1 is arranged at the inlet end of the transverse water pipe, the signaling water meter 2 is arranged behind the water source hand valve 1, the water receiving port 3 is arranged behind the signaling water meter 2, the check valve 8 is arranged at the top end of the vertical water pipe, and the transverse water pipe is communicated with the vertical water pipe at right angles. The skip flowmeter 4 is arranged at the lower end of the water receiving port 3, and digital signals sent by the signaling water meter 2 and the skip flowmeter 4 are wirelessly received and processed by a terminal of the PLC 9.
Referring to fig. 1, a water source hand valve 1 controls the opening and closing of a combination flow meter.
Referring to FIG. 1, the signaling water meter 2 is 1L/pulse in specification.
Referring to fig. 1, the lower end of the water pipe of the water receiving port 3 is in a bent pipe shape, so that water flow can be conveniently guided to flow into the skip flowmeter 4.
Referring to fig. 1, the dump flowmeter 4 includes a collecting tank 10, a double-sided dump 5, and two photoelectric counters 11, the upper portion of the collecting tank 10 is used for collecting water flowing out from the water receiving port 3, the bottom of the collecting tank 10 is provided with a flow outlet hole, the double-sided dump 5 manufactured by adopting a mechanical lever principle is arranged below the flow outlet hole, the double-sided dump 5 is symmetrically arranged, a rotating shaft 12 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the double-sided dump 5, the double-sided dump 5 can freely rotate around the rotating shaft, and the two photoelectric counters 11 are respectively arranged below two ends of the double-sided dump 5.
The two sides tipping bucket 5 both ends below is equipped with precision regulator 6 respectively, photoelectric counter 11 is located precision regulator 6 top, precision regulator 6 is the cylinder of its top height of adjustable.
The bottom of the tipping bucket flowmeter 4 is provided with a bottom plate with a screw hole, the precision regulator 6 is a screw rod, two nuts are arranged on the screw rod, the screw rod penetrates through the screw hole of the bottom plate, the two nuts are respectively located on the bottom plate to fix the precision regulator 6, and the precision regulator 6 can be lifted or lowered by adjusting the two nuts of the precision regulator 6 on the bottom plate, so that the metering precision of the tipping bucket flowmeter is adjusted.
The skip flowmeter 4 includes a double-sided skip 5, a precision adjuster 6, and a drain hole 7. The double-sided tipping bucket 5 is manufactured by utilizing a mechanical lever principle and has high sensitivity. The precision regulator 6 can regulate different precision as required, and the minimum is 1L and the maximum is 5ml. The drain hole 7 can be used for draining water flowing down from the double-sided tipping bucket 5 and can also be used for taking water samples in the measuring process.
Referring to fig. 1, a check valve 8 is installed at the top end of the vertical water pipe to prevent water passing through the vertical water pipe from flowing backward at a high flow rate.
Referring to fig. 1, the plc programmable controller 9 is capable of receiving and processing digital signals from the traffic meter 2 and the skip meter 4. When the measured flow is smaller than or equal to 31.6L/h, the PLC 9 automatically discards the count value of the signaling water meter 2 and stores the count value into the tipping bucket flowmeter 4; when the measured flow is greater than 31.6L/h, the signaling water meter 2 and the skip bucket flowmeter 4 count simultaneously, the PLC 9 judges a critical value according to the receiving frequency, the collected data automatically discard the count value of the skip bucket flowmeter 4, and the count value is stored in the signaling water meter 2.
The working flow of the invention is as follows:
when rainfall starts, the runoff is smaller, water entering the transverse water pipe through the water source hand valve 1 is in a dripping state, the counting of the signaling water meter 2 is inaccurate at the moment, water flows into the tipping bucket flowmeter 4 through the water receiving port 3, the counting value of the signaling water meter 2 is automatically abandoned by the PLC 9, and the counting value is stored in the tipping bucket flowmeter 4; as the time increases, the rainfall increases, the runoff increases, the water flow rate entering the transverse water pipe through the water source hand valve 1 increases, when the flow rate passing through the signaling water meter 2 is greater than 31.6L/h, the PLC 9 adopts the count value of the signaling water meter 2 to automatically discard the count value of the tipping bucket flowmeter 4, at the moment, water flow is discharged through the tipping bucket flowmeter 4, when the flow rate is overlarge, one part of water flow is discharged through the tipping bucket flowmeter 4, and the other part of water flow is discharged through the check valve 8 at the top end of the vertical water pipe; when rainfall is about to end and rainfall is reduced again, the soil runoff quantity is reduced to a dripping state, the counting of the signaling water meter 2 is inaccurate, and the system is automatically switched to the counting of the tipping bucket flowmeter 4, so that high-precision measurement is realized.
The function of the invention is as follows: the combined flow meter for hillside fields and runoffs has the advantages of simple structure, accurate measurement and convenient installation and implementation; the counting mode can be automatically switched according to the small, medium and large change process of the water quantity, the water quantity in a dripping state can be accurately measured, the water quantity in a large flow can be measured, the application range is wide, and the practicability is high; the mechanical counting mode is adopted, so that the problem of electron wetting is effectively avoided, the damage is not easy to occur, and the service life is long.
The scope of the invention is not limited to a fixed-size combined flow meter component for hillside fields, and can meet more demands by changing corresponding parameters. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain structural dimensions and number of parts may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. It is intended that the invention also include such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (3)
1. A combined flow meter for hillside fields, comprising:
the water source hand valve (1) is used for connecting a water collecting tank below the slope cultivation ground and controlling the on-off of a water source to be measured;
a signaling water meter (2) for measuring the large-flow slope farmland runoff water;
a tipping bucket flowmeter (4) is positioned at the downstream of the signaling water meter (2) and is used for measuring small-flow slope farmland runoff water;
the water receiving port (3) is arranged above the skip bucket flowmeter (4) and is used for introducing partial hillside farmland runoff water into the skip bucket flowmeter (4);
the transverse water pipe is used for connecting a water source hand valve (1), a signaling water meter (2) and a water receiving port (3);
the PLC (9) is connected with the metering signals of the signaling water meter (2) and the tipping bucket flowmeter (4) and is used for summarizing the flow sum of the signaling water meter (2) and the tipping bucket flowmeter (4) and selecting whether to discard the metering data of the tipping bucket flowmeter (4);
the tail end of the transverse water pipe is provided with a vertical water pipe, the vertical water pipe is used for ensuring that certain water pressure exists in the transverse water pipe, so that small-flow water from a water source hand valve (1) is completely metered by a skip bucket flowmeter (4) below through a water receiving port (3), and the top of the vertical water pipe is provided with a check valve (8) for preventing water from flowing backwards;
the tipping bucket flowmeter (4) comprises a collecting groove (10), a double-side tipping bucket (5) and two photoelectric counters (11), wherein the upper part of the collecting groove is used for collecting water flowing out of a water receiving opening (3), a water outlet hole is formed in the bottom of the collecting groove, the double-side tipping bucket (5) manufactured by adopting a mechanical lever principle is arranged below the water outlet hole, the double-side tipping bucket (5) is symmetrically arranged, a rotating shaft (12) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the double-side tipping bucket, the double-side tipping bucket (5) can freely rotate around the rotating shaft (12), and the two photoelectric counters (11) are respectively arranged below two ends of the double-side tipping bucket (5);
the two sides tipping bucket (5) both ends below is equipped with precision regulator (6) respectively, photoelectric counter is located precision regulator (6) top, precision regulator (6) are the cylinder of adjustable its top height.
2. The combined flow meter for hillside fields and runoffs according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the skip bucket flow meter (4) is provided with a bottom plate with a screw hole, the precision regulator (6) is a screw, two nuts are arranged on the screw and penetrate through the screw hole of the bottom plate, the two nuts are respectively located on the bottom plate to fix the precision regulator (6), and the precision regulator (6) can be lifted or lowered by adjusting the two nuts of the precision regulator (6) on the bottom plate, so that the metering precision of the skip bucket flow meter is adjusted.
3. The combined flow meter for hillside fields according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottom plate is provided with a drain hole (7), and the drain hole (7) can be used for draining water flowing down from the double-sided tipping bucket (5) and also can be used for taking water samples.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610946309.9A CN106441476B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | Combined flow meter for hillside farmland runoff |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610946309.9A CN106441476B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | Combined flow meter for hillside farmland runoff |
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| CN106441476A CN106441476A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| CN106441476B true CN106441476B (en) | 2023-08-25 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
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| CN108955793A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-12-07 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of runoff self recording instrument easy to assemble |
| CN113405623B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-08-09 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | Integrated check out test set of forest hydrology |
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