CN106437949B - 一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置 - Google Patents

一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN106437949B
CN106437949B CN201610835849.XA CN201610835849A CN106437949B CN 106437949 B CN106437949 B CN 106437949B CN 201610835849 A CN201610835849 A CN 201610835849A CN 106437949 B CN106437949 B CN 106437949B
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exhaust gas
gas cleaner
voltage
heater
support body
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CN106437949A (zh
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景琦
任博
张睿
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Beijing Machinery Equipment Research Institute
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Beijing Machinery Equipment Research Institute
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/002—Apparatus adapted for particular uses, e.g. for portable devices driven by machines or engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for heavy duty applications, e.g. trucks, buses, tractors, locomotives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置，该装置包括：移动架体、氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器、加热器、调压***、控制***、能源***、连接***；移动架体的底部设有轮子，且内部分为上下两层；所述氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器、加热器均设置在上层；所述调压***设置在下层。本发明通过采用导轨滑块机构连接结构、加热器和调压***联合工作的方式实现了尾气净化装置的低排气背压、动态过程净化及自动再生功能；既能保证良好的尾气净化效果，又不占用过多空间，使用时简单方便，延长了内部相关部件的使用寿命。

Description

一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及尾气净化技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置。
背景技术
发动机排量大于20L的大功率车辆，在工作中产生的尾气污染非常严重，在厂房、隧道、车间等相对封闭的场所，常导致现场的工作人员双眼流泪、嗓子疼痛、呼吸不畅，甚至引起短暂思维混乱。目前用于大功率车辆的尾气净化装置可分为随车安装和厂房固定使用两类。随车安装的尾气净化器大多采用相对单一的净化模块，主要有DOC(氧化催化器)、DPF(微粒过滤器)、SCR(还原催化器)等。该种技术方案受限于车辆安装空间，主要根据车辆排放特点将单一净化模块固定安装在排气管后，用于实时净化处理车辆排放尾气。但该种技术方案对尾气有害成分净化处理不全面，不适用于在相对封闭场所内车辆的尾气净化，且拆卸安装复杂。另一种，厂房固定使用的尾气净化装置为多级尾气净化装置。该种技术方案集成了DOC(氧化催化器)、DPF(微粒过滤器)、SCR(还原催化器)三个净化模块，可以同时净化尾气中多种有害物质，车辆通过排气软管与净化装置连接，实现静止状态下尾气净化。但是该类型尾气净化装置存在排气背压较高、影响发动机效率，体积重量较大、不方便随车移动，并且过滤模块使用周期短，更换频繁等问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述的分析，本发明旨在提供一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置，用以解决现有技术不能兼顾净化效果与使用便捷的问题。
本发明的目的主要是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置，该尾气净化装置包括：移动架体、氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器、加热器、调压***、控制***、能源***、连接***；
移动架体的底部设有轮子，且内部分为上下两层；氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器、加热器均设置在上层；调压***设置在下层；
移动架体一端的上层通过螺栓安装有加热器，氧化催化器与加热器连接并固定，氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器依次通过卡箍连接；移动架体一端的下层设有调压***；
移动架体的另一端的上层设有控制***，下层设有能源***；
移动架体的前侧设有连接***。
加热器为温控式柴油燃烧器，且加热温度可以自动调节。
调压***为闭环控制的涡轮风扇调压***，通过改变内部涡轮风扇的转速来调节管路内部气流的压力。
控制***为ECU控制***，动态监测、调节尾气净化装置内的压力、温度、化学反应及电源；尾气净化装置内的压力范围为2-5kPa；尾气净化装置内的温度范围为250-350℃。
能源***同时提供220V和24V两种电源。
连接***包括：导轨滑块机构、连接机构；
导轨滑块机构的导轨通过螺栓固定在移动架体的前侧，导轨滑块机构的滑块与连接机构通过螺栓连接并固定。
导轨滑块机构包括旋转副和滑动副，导轨和滑块组成滑动副，旋转副设置于滑块上，通过旋转副和滑动副可实现滑块的俯仰及上下运动。
连接机构设有锁紧装置。
移动架体左右两侧均设有进气孔，安装调压***的一侧设有排气孔；进气孔均与加热器连接，排气孔与调压***连接。
一种使用该尾气净化装置的尾气净化方法，该方法的步骤为：
S1、将尾气净化装置的连接机构与车辆牵引钩连接，并使用锁紧装置锁紧；
S2、使用波纹管连接车辆的排气管与尾气净化装置的进气孔；
S3、启动车辆和尾气净化装置，尾气被调压***抽入尾气净化装置；
S4、尾气经加热器加热后，进入氧化催化器，使尾气氧化为CO2、H2O、氮氧化物、颗粒物的混合气体；
S5、经微粒过滤器过滤掉颗粒物后，通入还原催化器，以将氮氧化物分解为N2与H2O；
S6、经调压***，处理后的尾气排放至大气中。
本发明有益效果如下：
1.本发明通过导轨滑块机构和连接结构使本发明可适应装置移动过程中上下及俯仰自由度，可以使本发明实现对汽车尾气的动态净化。
2.加热器的设计，可以使温度始终保持在规定温度值区间内，使得氧化催化器、氧化催化器、氧化催化器均能工作在最佳温度，延长了工作寿命，提高了净化的效果。
3.调压***可以使本发明的气流的压力保持在规定的范围内，也可延长了工作寿命，提高了净化的效果。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分的特征和优点从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在所写的说明书、权利要求书、以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图仅用于示出具体实施例的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制，在整个附图中，相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。
图1为一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置的内部结构示意图。
图2为一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置的侧视图。
1.移动架体、2.氧化催化器、3.微粒过滤器、4.还原催化器、5.加热器、6.调压***、7.控制***、8.能源***、9.导轨滑块机构、10.连接机构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来具体描述本发明的优选实施例，其中，附图构成本申请一部分，并与本发明的实施例一起用于阐释本发明的原理。
一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置，该尾气净化装置包括：移动架体1、氧化催化器2、微粒过滤器3、还原催化器4、加热器5、调压***6、控制***7、能源***8、连接***；
移动架体1的底部设有轮子，且内部分为上下两层；氧化催化器2、微粒过滤器3、还原催化器4、加热器5均设置在上层；调压***6设置在下层；
移动架体1一端的上层通过螺栓安装有加热器5，氧化催化器2与加热器5连接并固定，氧化催化器2、微粒过滤器3、还原催化器4依次通过卡箍连接；移动架体1一端的下层设有调压***6；
移动架体1的另一端的上层设有控制***7，下层设有能源***8；
移动架体1的前侧设有连接***。
加热器5为温控式柴油燃烧器，且加热温度可以自动调节。
调压***6为闭环控制的涡轮风扇调压***6，通过改变内部涡轮风扇的转速来调节管路内部气流的压力。
控制***7为ECU控制***7，动态监测、调节尾气净化装置内的压力、温度、化学反应及电源；该尾气净化装置内的压力范围为2-5kPa；该尾气净化装置内的温度范围为250-350℃；该尾气净化装置中化学反应有氧化反应和还原反应，其中氧化反应为开环控制，***只通过控制进入氧化催化器的温度和压力在最佳区域，实现转化效率在90％以上；而还原反应为闭环控制，还原催化器两端设置有温度、压力及NOx传感器，***通过实时监测温度、压力及NOx值，动态调整尿素喷射流量和压力，以确保转化效率在85％以上，氨溢出量小于10ppm。
能源***8同时提供220V和24V两种电源。
连接***包括：导轨滑块机构9、连接机构10；
导轨滑块机构9的导轨通过螺栓固定在移动架体1的前侧，导轨滑块机构9的滑块与连接机构10通过螺栓连接并固定。
导轨滑块机构9包括旋转副和滑动副，导轨和滑块组成滑动副，旋转副设置于滑块上，通过旋转副和滑动副可实现滑块的俯仰及上下运动。
连接机构10设有锁紧装置。
该尾气净化装置的移动架体1的长小于或等于2600mm、宽小于或等于1100mm、高小于或等于1240mm；该尾气净化装置的总量小于或等于700kg；
移动架体1左右两侧均设有进气孔，安装调压***6的一侧设有排气孔；进气孔均与加热器5连接，排气孔与调压***6连接。。
该尾气净化装置的工作原理为：
首先由能源***8为整机装置供电，柴油机排放的尾气进入本装置后，通过加热器5预热，然后进入DOC(氧化催化器2)。此时，尾气中的HC、CO以及部分碳烟颗粒发生氧化反应，转变为CO2和H2O。其后，尾气通过DPF(微粒过滤器3)时，剩余碳烟颗粒被有效拦截。经过两级净化的尾气尚未达到排放标准，还需消除其中的NOx，模块后端的SCR(还原催化器4)即为此而设。在SCR(还原催化器4)中，先由尿素热解产生氨气，之后NH3还原NOx为N2与H2O，从而达到最终的净化目标。上述净化过程中，电控模块中的温度传感器将采集加热器5和SCR处的温度，并反馈至温度控制器。其后，温度控制器根据预先设定的程序和标准，向加热器5中的执行器发出执行指令，执行相应操作，使加热器5的温度始终保持在规定温度值区间内，SCR(还原催化器4)中的温度保持在设定目标值区间内，以确保尾气净化装置连续稳定高效运行。同时，SCR前后端设置NOx传感器，对排气中的NOx进行监控，SCR(还原催化器4)控制器根据反馈到的NOx含量自动对尿素喷射量的值进行调节，以使尿素喷射量在合理范围之内。
一种使用该尾气净化装置的尾气净化方法，该方法的步骤为：
S1、将尾气净化装置的连接机构10与车辆牵引钩连接，并使用锁紧装置锁紧；
S2、使用波纹管连接车辆的排气管与尾气净化装置的进气孔；
S3、启动车辆和尾气净化装置，尾气被调压***抽入尾气净化装置；
S4、尾气经加热器5加热后，进入氧化催化器2，使尾气氧化为CO2、H2O、氮氧化物、颗粒物的混合气体；
S5、经微粒过滤器3过滤掉颗粒物后，通入还原催化器4，以将氮氧化物分解为N2与H2O；
S6、经调压***，处理后的尾气排放至大气中。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供了一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置，经本发明处理后的尾气CO净化效率不小于90％；HC净化效率不小于90％；NOx净化效率不小于85％；氨溢出量不大于10ppm。适当的尺寸选取，既保证了本发明的尾气净化效率，又使得本发明的结构适中，不影响大功率车辆的使用和运行；通过采用导轨滑块机构连接结构、加热器和调压***联合工作的方式实现了尾气净化装置的低排气背压、动态过程净化及自动再生功能。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种适用于大功率车辆的伴随式尾气净化装置，其特征在于，该尾气净化装置包括：移动架体、氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器、加热器、调压***、控制***、能源***、连接***；
所述移动架体的底部设有轮子，且内部分为上下两层；所述氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器、加热器均设置在上层；所述调压***设置在下层；
所述移动架体一端的上层通过螺栓安装有所述加热器，所述氧化催化器与所述加热器连接并固定，所述氧化催化器、微粒过滤器、还原催化器依次通过卡箍连接；所述移动架体一端的下层设有调压***；
所述移动架体的另一端的上层设有控制***，下层设有能源***；
所述移动架体的前侧设有所述连接***；
所述移动架体左右两侧均设有进气孔，安装调压***的一侧设有排气孔；所述进气孔均与所述加热器连接，所述排气孔与所述调压***连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的尾气净化装置，其特征在于，所述加热器为温控式柴油燃烧器，且加热温度可以自动调节。
3.根据权利要求1所述的尾气净化装置，其特征在于，所述调压***为闭环控制的涡轮风扇调压***，通过改变内部涡轮风扇的转速来调节管路内部气流的压力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的尾气净化装置，其特征在于，所述控制***为ECU控制***，动态监测、调节尾气净化装置内的压力、温度、化学反应及电源；所述尾气净化装置内的压力范围为2-5kPa；所述尾气净化装置内的温度范围为250-350℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的尾气净化装置，其特征在于，所述能源***同时提供220V和24V两种电源。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一所述的尾气净化装置，其特征在于，所述连接***包括：导轨滑块机构、连接机构；
所述导轨滑块机构的导轨通过螺栓固定在所述移动架体的前侧，所述导轨滑块机构的滑块与所述连接机构通过螺栓连接并固定。
7.根据权利要求6所述的尾气净化装置，其特征在于，所述导轨滑块机构包括旋转副和滑动副，导轨和滑块组成滑动副，旋转副设置于滑块上，通过旋转副和滑动副可实现滑块的俯仰及上下运动。
8.根据权利要求6所述的尾气净化装置，其特征在于，所述连接机构设有锁紧装置。
9.一种使用根据权利要求1至8任一所述的尾气净化装置的尾气净化方法，其特征在于，该方法的步骤为：
S1、将所述尾气净化装置的连接机构与车辆牵引钩连接，并使用锁紧装置锁紧；
S2、使用波纹管连接车辆的排气管与所述尾气净化装置的进气孔；
S3、启动车辆和所述尾气净化装置，尾气被所述调压***抽入所述尾气净化装置；
S4、尾气经所述加热器加热后，进入所述氧化催化器，使尾气氧化为CO2、H2O、氮氧化物、颗粒物的混合气体；
S5、经所述微粒过滤器过滤掉颗粒物后，通入所述还原催化器，以将氮氧化物分解为N2与H2O；
S6、经所述调压***，处理后的尾气排放至大气中。
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