CN1064375A - Ac speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor - Google Patents
Ac speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1064375A CN1064375A CN91107139A CN91107139A CN1064375A CN 1064375 A CN1064375 A CN 1064375A CN 91107139 A CN91107139 A CN 91107139A CN 91107139 A CN91107139 A CN 91107139A CN 1064375 A CN1064375 A CN 1064375A
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Abstract
A kind of AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor is made up of two stators and a rotor.Its feature iron core is divided into two sections, the cage-type rotor lead traverses among the two-stage rotor iron core, evenly the compartment of terrain connects some eradication edge leads on the sliver at intermediate gaps place, and the resistor that causes the outer non-shaft stretching end of casing and coaxial rotation by shaft central hole joins; Also resistor can be placed in the middle of the two-stage rotor iron core, and heat pipe and radiator are installed in rotating shaft additional.Its stator winding obtains high starting torque, the performance of low starting current and classification or stepless speed regulation by changing the mode of connection and pressure regulation size and the phase difference with regard to two stator rotations of scalable magnetic magnetic.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor, be applicable to the load occasion that needs high starting torque, low starting current and the blower fan that exchanges classification or stepless speed regulation, pump class and other type.
Squirrel cage induction motor across-the-line starting electric current is 6～7 times of rated current, causes the big pressure drop of line voltage, is unfavorable for that other electric equipment normally moves on motor and the electrical network.Adopt reduced voltage starting, can limit starting current, but the proportional decline of starting torque and voltage squared.For limiting starting current, the manufacturing machine of enough starting torques is arranged again, must adopt expensive Wound induction motor and additional starting equipment, and have slip ring and brush to produce spark and noise, easy to wear, maintenance capacity is big.At present, ac speed control method mainly contains pole changing, variable voltage control, frequency control and serial connection speed governing.The shortcoming of pole changing is to have increased motor size and cost, and can only step speed regulation; The shortcoming of variable voltage control is that speed adjustable range is narrow, and moment is little when low speed, and efficient is low, and the rotor heating is serious; Frequency control and serial connection speed governing need use frequency converter, technical sophistication, cost height, and poor reliability produces harmonic pollution to electrical network, motor when low speed (especially) is produced the electromagnetic noise harmony that vibrates make an uproar, and becomes the problem that people extremely pay close attention to.The Japan sharp man of virtue and ability of assistant bamboo applies for a patent CN87104033A to China and attempts to address the above problem, and this patent points out that its motor has a rotor and an a plurality of stator of making an integral body, a plurality of resistive elements that rotor has a plurality of rotor cores and is interconnected with one another; Each stator then has stator winding separately, and each stator line group is connected in series, each resistive element then by Connection Element at the air gap place or be configured in non-magnetic core spare short circuit between the rotor core.Its principle is the rotating magnetic field phase shift that makes one of them stator winding with mechanical phase shifter, thereby the vector of the induced potential in each rotor winding and changing, just changed the size of the electric current of each resistive element of flowing through, promptly changed electromagnetic torque and realize speed governing.
As everyone knows, if the load resistive torque is T
L, rotating speed is W
r(electrical angle speed), number of pole-pairs are P, and then the motor output mechanical power is:
P
L＝ 1/(P) ·T
L·W
r
Motor is accepted from power supply, reaches the electromagnetic power P of rotor by air gap
eFor
P
e＝ 1/(P) ·T
L·W
1
W in the formula
1Be the power supply angular frequency, then slip power is
P
s= 1/(P) ·T
L·(W
1-W
r)
=P
L· (W
1-W
r)/(W
r)
=P
e· (W
1-W
r)/(W
1)
=SP
e
If AC power angular frequency W
1Remain unchanged, motor speed is low more, then slip power P
SBig more, slip power just all consumes in rotor circuit.In above-mentioned motor, power mainly consumes on resistive element, and makes its heating serious, directly threatens motor safety.In service at variable ratio drive system, can motor move in desired torque of load and slewing range reliably, and this will be subjected to the restriction of two conditions: the one, and whether motor has operation stability in the velocity variations scope of appointment; The 2nd, whether the power loss of motor is greatly to causing motor to damage because of overheated in the rotation speed change scope of appointment.Therefore, in order to prevent the too high destruction electrical machine insulation of temperature rise, the sharp man of virtue and ability of assistant bamboo and big wild wood good fortune man have applied for patent in China again, application number is 88107350.4, complicated air cooling system and temperature measurement control system have been proposed, this has not only increased cost greatly, and the too high problem of temperature rise when being difficult to solve large-size machine low speed.The rotating magnetic field phase place that the motor of this invention only uses phase shifter to change one of them stator winding reaches the purpose of speed governing, and the voltage of motor is when constant, input electromagnetic power P
eChange, at this moment efficiency of motor η=(P
L)/(P
e)=(W
r)/(W
1), the efficient when making this motor low speed is extremely low.This motor uses a plurality of resistive elements, gets up at the non-magnetic core spare place at air gap place short circuit by Connection Element, and this structure fabrication complexity, the centrifugal force when being subjected to the motor high speed is bigger, and it is unreliable to move.For stepless speed control, also must use complicated and expensive phase-detection and mechanical phase-shifting device, cause cost higher, be difficult to apply.
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor at the deficiencies in the prior art, so that more the structure and the method for advantages of simple obtain high starting torque, the premium properties of low starting current and wide-range-timing, and when low speed, utilize suitable pressure regulation and reduce the input electromagnetic power, make efficiency of motor higher, the type of cooling is simple, does not influence the normal temperature rise of motor, make the safer operation reliably of motor, be applicable to various capacity motor.
AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor provided by the invention such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 1 is the AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor structural representation
(1) casing, (2) (3) stator core, (4) (5) stator winding, (6) rotating shaft, (7) bearing, (8) (9) rotor core, (10) rotor wire, (11) (12) end ring, (13) insulated conductor, (14) shaft central hole, (15) rotary resistor, (16) bolt, (17) key, (18) spring coil, (19) fan, (20) protective cover, (21) ventilating opening, (22) water inlet, (23) apopore.
Be provided with two stator cores (2) and (3) in the casing (1), wherein be embedded with stator winding (4) and (5) respectively, be supported in the rotating shaft (6) on the bearing (7) two-stage rotor iron core (8) and (9) are arranged, rotor bar (10) traverses in the two-stage rotor iron core, and outside rotor core, respectively there is end ring (11) sliver to be connected with (12), even compartment of terrain connects the insulated conductor (13) of suitable radical on the sliver of the gap in the middle of the two-stage rotor iron core, through shaft central hole (14) insulated conductor is led to non-shaft stretching end, link with bolt (16) and rotary resistor (15).On near resistor, install fan (19), open ventilation hole (21) on the protective cover (20), also can pass through the cooling of inlet opening (22) spray cold water, discharge by apopore (23).Resistor also can be located at two iron legs in the heart gap in the heart, with strengthening the rotating shaft diameter, installing is filled with the heat pipe (24) of working media in the rotating shaft diameter, and on non-shaft stretching end, adorn radiator (25) and only need pass through to change the mode of connection and pressure regulation, just can regulate the size and the phase place of one of two stator winding rotating magnetic field, obtain high starting torque, low starting current and classification or continuous speed regulation system.The changing-over stator winding mode of connection can be with manual drum switch or A.C. contactor.Regulator can be used saturable reactor, voltage regulating transformer or thyristor voltage regulation device.Also can realize by automatic speed regulation system.
Fig. 2 is rotary resistor illustration figure
Rotary resistor is made by high resistant rate metal material, can make width of cloth bar shaped, annular or other geometries, by key (17) with electrical resistor to rotating shaft, by spring coil (18) pin in case on move axially, like this, the safety that the high temperature of the resistor of serious heating can not threaten electrical machine insulation when hanging down speed governing, simultaneously, the physical dimension of resistor be not subjected to the motor case inner space restriction, can amplify so that increase the thermal capacity of resistor, make temperature rise unlikely too high, this is very important for large-size machine.
Fig. 3 is the heat pipe illustration figure that is filled with working media
Fig. 4 is the main electrical scheme illustration figure of governing system
UVW is a three phase mains among the figure, KP isolates knife switch, when requiring motor just changeing, contactor JKO closure, JK1 disconnects, when requiring counter-rotating, the JK1 closure, JK0 disconnects, ZR is the overcurrent fuse, CT is a current transformer, SL is the voltage through particular design, the saturable reactor that the current waveform distortion is little, A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2, and X1, Y1, Z1, X2, Y2, Z2 is respectively two stator winding (4) of motor and the head end and the end of (3), JK2, JK3, JK4, JK5, JK6, JK7, be the head that changes stator winding (5), the terminal mode of connection is to obtain the required contactor of different phase shifts, contactor also can change the thyristor noncontacting switch into, to be applicable to inflammable and explosive occasion.When JK2 and JK7 closure and JK3～JK6 disconnects, the rotating magnetic field homophase (0 ° of phase place) that produced of stator winding (4) and (5) then; When JK3 and JK7 closure, and JK2, JK4, JK5, JK6 disconnect, and then two rotating magnetic field phase shifts are 120 °; When JK4 and JK6 closure, and JK2, JK3, JK5, JK7 disconnect, and then phase shift is 60 °; When JK5 and JK6 closure, and JK2, JK3, JK4, JK7 disconnect, and then phase shift is 180 °.So just can obtain " coarse adjustment " of step-governor d or rotating speed.During starting,, then can obtain high starting torque, low starting current, the level and smooth good starting performance of starting as 180 °, 120 ° 60 ° 0 ° of phase shift successively.As regulate the direct current size of the DC control circuit of saturable reactor SL, thus change its equivalent reactance, can realize pressure regulation, can realize " fine tuning " of stepless speed regulation or speed like this.
Fig. 5 is the illustration figure of automatic speed regulation control system
The automatic speed regulation control system is made up of single chip microcomputer (26) memory (27) and I/O expansion mouthful (28), power supply (24) connects after plug-in strip KP, stabilized voltage power supply (30) is supplied with The whole control system, synchronous generator (31) detects the supply voltage zero crossing, and produce pulse signal to CPU request interruption, after CPU requires to calculate according to speed governing, remove to trigger thyristor (33) by trigger impulse generator (32), the DC loop (35) of sending into saturable reactor behind rectifier (34) is to realize variable voltage control.The AC signal of current transformer CT becomes d. c. voltage signal (36) and (37), velometer (38) detects the actual speed of motor, (39) produce the velocity setting instruction, (40) be variable connector, (41) be A/D converter, (43) and (44) be respectively auxiliary relay and A.C. contactor, (45) be light-emitting diode, the A.C. contactor that indication was closed at that time, (46) be the electric current of stator winding (4) and (5) and the selection display switch or the button of rotating speed, and shown by charactron (42), (47) be the DIP deploy switch, according to load characteristic the requirement of starting torque is adjusted, so that starting process is steady, is just changeing for motor (48), the command switch of stall or counter-rotating or button.
AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor of the present invention has following advantage:
1. motor is made up of two stators and a rotor, it has simple in structure, easily manufactured, only need just can regulate the size and the phase difference of two stator winding rotating magnetic fields by changing the mode of connection and pressure regulation, obtain high starting torque, the premium properties of low starting current and classification or stepless speed regulation.
2. motor is only drawn the head end and the end of every phase winding, and no longer tap from winding by the different modes of connection, just can obtain 0 °, and 60 °, 120 °, 180 ° phase shift.For stepless speed control on a large scale, only with regulator to the stator winding pressure regulation, this has not only reduced cost, increase reliability, the more important thing is corresponding reduction voltage when low speed, reduced the input electromagnetic power, improved electric efficiency, corresponding slip loss reduction, temperature rise are low, have increased the electrical machine insulation life-span, are particularly useful for blower fan, load of the pumps.Motor can also constitute interchange automatic speed regulation control system.
3. rotary resistor is installed in the non-shaft stretching end of casing, the safety that the high temperature of the resistor of serious heating can not threaten electrical machine insulation when low speed, simultaneously, the physical dimension of resistor is not subjected to the restriction of motor case inner space, can amplify so that increase the thermal capacity of motor, this version makes the type of cooling of resistor be greatly improved, can force cooling as air-cooled or water spray cooling, to large-size machine is very important, also resistor can be installed in the middle of the two-stage rotor iron core, strengthen the rotating shaft diameter, add heat pipe and radiator, can dispel the heat effectively and simplified cooling infrastructure.
4. the present invention compares with existing similar motor, the mechanism's phase shifting equipment and the phase detectors of complex and expensive have been saved, the number of pole-pairs and the every phase winding groove that do not need to change stator winding move, do not need a plurality of taps to use corresponding many contactors yet, therefore, cost is low, suitable wide, and remarkable economic efficiency and social benefit are arranged.
Embodiment:
AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor of the present invention (1) is simple in structure, easily manufactured, casing, stator and rotor etc. all can be in the processing of general motor manufactory, rotary resistor selects high resistant rate material to be made by machinings such as common car, brills, other electronic components and connector can directly be bought in the shop, those skilled in the art all can be pressed the drawing assembling, debugging and normal
Claims (4)
1, a kind of AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor [1] contains casing, stator and rotor, it is characterized in that being provided with in this motor casing (1) two stator cores (2) and (3).Wherein be embedded with stator winding (4) and (5) respectively, be supported in the rotating shaft (6) on the bearing (7) two-stage rotor iron core (8) and (9) are arranged, rotor bar (10) traverses in the two-stage rotor iron core, and outside rotor core, respectively there is end ring (11) sliver to be connected with (12), on the sliver of the gap in the middle of the two-stage rotor iron core, evenly the compartment of terrain connects the insulated conductor (13) of suitable radical, through shaft central hole (14) insulated conductor is led to non-shaft stretching end, link with bolt (16) and rotary resistor (15).On near resistor, install fan (19), open ventilation hole (21) on the protective cover (20), also can pass through the cooling of inlet opening (22) spray cold water, discharge by apopore (23).Resistor also can be located at two iron legs in the heart gap in the heart, and with strengthening the rotating shaft diameter, installing is filled with the heat pipe (24) of working media in shaft central hole, and adorns radiator (25) and solve heat dissipation problem on non-shaft stretching end.Only need just can regulate two stator winding rotating magnetic field sizes and phase difference by changing the mode of connection and pressure regulation, obtain high starting torque, low starting current and classification or continuous speed regulation system also can be realized by the automatic speed regulation control system.
2, according to the described AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor of claim 1, the placement resistor (2) that it is characterized in that this motor is made by high resistant rate metal material, can make width of cloth bar shaped, annular or other geometries, by key (17) resistor is assembled in the rotating shaft, pins in case move axially by spring coil (18).
3, according to claim 1 or 3 described AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motors, the governing system (4) that it is characterized in that this motor is connected by two stator winding, the head end and the terminal mode of connection that change the every phase of one of them stator winding obtain 0 °, 60 °, 120 °, 180 ° of phase shifting methods (4), UVW is a three phase mains among the figure, KP isolates knife switch, when requiring motor just changeing, contactor JK0 closure, JK1 disconnects, when requiring counter-rotating, the JK1 closure, JK0 disconnects, ZR is the overcurrent fuse, CT is a current transformer, SL is the voltage through particular design, the saturable reactor that the current waveform distortion is little, A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2 and X1, Y1, Z1, X2, Y2, Z2 is respectively two stator winding (2) of motor and the head end and the end of (3), JK2, JK3, JK4, JK5, JK6, JK7 is the head that changes stator winding (3), the terminal mode of connection is to obtain the required contactor of different phase shifts, contactor also can change the thyristor non-contact switch into, when JK2 and JK7 closure, and JK3～JK6 disconnects, then the rotating magnetic field homophase (0 ° of phase place) that produced of stator winding (2) and (3); When JK3 and JK7 closure, and JK2, JK4, JK5, JK6 disconnects, and then two rotating magnetic field phase shifts are 120 °; When JK4 and JK6 closure, and JK2, JK3, JK5, JK7 disconnect, and then shift to 60 °; When JK5 and JK6 closure, and JK2, JK3, JK4, JK7 disconnect, and then phase shift is 180 °.So just can obtain step-governor d or rotating speed " coarse adjustment ".During starting,, then can obtain high starting torque, low starting current, the level and smooth good starting performance of starting as 180 °, 120 °, 60 °, 0 ° of phase shift successively.As regulate the direct current size of the DC control circuit of saturable reactor SL, thus change its equivalent reactance, can realize pressure regulation, can realize " fine tuning " of stepless speed regulation or speed like this.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 described AC speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motors, the automatic speed regulation control system (5) that it is characterized in that this motor is by single chip microcomputer (26), memory (27) and I/O expansion mouthful (28) are formed, power supply (29) connects after plug-in strip KP, stabilized voltage power supply (30) is supplied with The whole control system, synchronous generator (31) detects the supply voltage zero crossing, and produce pulse signal to CPU request interruption, after CPU requires to calculate according to speed governing, remove to trigger thyristor (33) by trigger impulse generator (32), behind rectifier (34), send into the DC loop (35) of saturable reactor, thereby realization variable voltage control, the AC signal of current transformer CT becomes d. c. voltage signal (36) and (37), velometer (38) detects the actual speed of motor, (39) produce the velocity setting instruction, (40) be variable connector, (41) be A/D converter, (43) and (44) be respectively auxiliary relay and A.C. contactor, (45) be light-emitting diode, the A.C. contactor that indication was closed at that time.(46) be the electric current of stator winding (4) and (5) and the selection display switch or the button of rotating speed, and shown by charactron (42), (47) be the DIP deploy switch, according to load characteristic the requirement of starting torque is adjusted, so that starting process is steady, (48) are the command switch or the button of just commentaries on classics of motor, stall or counter-rotating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91107139A CN1064375A (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1991-02-11 | Ac speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91107139A CN1064375A (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1991-02-11 | Ac speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1064375A true CN1064375A (en) | 1992-09-09 |
Family
ID=4908498
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91107139A Pending CN1064375A (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1991-02-11 | Ac speed adjusting squirrel-cage induction motor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1064375A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100345366C (en) * | 2004-01-06 | 2007-10-24 | 东华大学 | Non contact rotatable electric energy transfer device |
| CN103986272A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-08-13 | 岳建华 | Squirrel cage type speed regulating motor changing stator and rotor magnetic field distribution |
| CN104901603A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Speed adjusting brush motor, fan, radiator and automobile |
| CN109230871A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-18 | 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 | A kind of phase asynchronous torque motor unwinding driving circuit of induction type and method |
| CN114069998A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-18 | 上海电机***节能工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Asynchronous motor and speed regulation method thereof |
| WO2024108690A1 (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2024-05-30 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | Fan control apparatus, control method and apparatus, and storage medium |
-
1991
- 1991-02-11 CN CN91107139A patent/CN1064375A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100345366C (en) * | 2004-01-06 | 2007-10-24 | 东华大学 | Non contact rotatable electric energy transfer device |
| CN103986272A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-08-13 | 岳建华 | Squirrel cage type speed regulating motor changing stator and rotor magnetic field distribution |
| CN104901603A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Speed adjusting brush motor, fan, radiator and automobile |
| CN109230871A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-18 | 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 | A kind of phase asynchronous torque motor unwinding driving circuit of induction type and method |
| CN114069998A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-18 | 上海电机***节能工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Asynchronous motor and speed regulation method thereof |
| WO2024108690A1 (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2024-05-30 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | Fan control apparatus, control method and apparatus, and storage medium |
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| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |