CN106435378B - Superalloy hot-work steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Superalloy hot-work steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, including following components：Iron, manganese, tungsten, titanium, copper, zirconium, molybdenum silicon, chromium, carbon, vanadium, calcium, nickel and additive part, the superalloy hot-work steel have the good characteristics such as good impact resistance, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistant.The invention also discloses a kind of preparation methods of superalloy hot-work steel, include the following steps：After the metal of each component is granulated respectively after vacuum annealing process, sieve classification is crossed；Vacuum induction melting is carried out again into classification round metal bars after the classification metallic particles of each component is carried out wet-mixing respectively；It is stirred after remelting and is atomized into mixed metal powder；Mixed metal powder is cast into required shape and size through hot isostatic pressing technique.A kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel provided by the invention, this method can significantly improve the good characteristics such as impact resistance, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and the high temperature resistant of existing hot-work steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to powder metallurgical technology, more particularly to a kind of superalloy hot-work steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Metallurgy be one kind using metal powder as raw material, mix and smelting variously-shaped material be made.This material
Essential sexual clorminance be that there is high impact resistance rate, high intensity, improve wear-resistant rate, heat-resisting quantity and anti-highly corrosive.Raw material
For metal powder, metal powder mainly resolves into fine particle by various raw metals and mixes the powder formed.Due to powder
Last metallurgy is to be synthesized from the several pure powder purified metals by different proportion, carries out formula improvement, and making one kind can be
The product of the physical property requirements for being optimal in practice, to reach, the impact resistance rate of material, high intensity, raising is wear-resistant
Rate, heat-resisting quantity and anti-highly corrosive.
Wherein, hot-work steel is one kind in powder metallurgy, and is also important common material in manufacturing industry, in occupation of non-
Normal consequence, and the hot-work steel in China can be divided into low-alloy hot-work steel, middle alloy hot-work steel and high-alloy hot work at present
Steel mainly adds in different alloying elements in Fe-C alloys, changes the institutional framework of entire steel construction, so as to change the steel
The various performances of structure.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above, and provide the advantages of at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, with good impact resistance, machinery
The good characteristics such as intensity, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistant.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel, this method can be carried significantly
The good characteristics such as impact resistance, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and the high temperature resistant of high existing hot-work steel.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a kind of superalloy hot-work steel is provided, spy
Sign is, by weight score meter, including following components：
Preferably, score meter by weight, including following components：
Preferably, it counts in parts by weight, the additive includes 0.8-1.2 parts of 0.4-0.7 parts of graphite and lubricant, institute
It is 2 that state lubricant, which be mass ratio,:1 paraffin and the mixture of lubricating grease, wherein, it is stearic that the lubricating grease includes 23%-28%
Acid, strontium 1%-2.5%, 2,6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenol 0.9%-1.1%, surplus is alkane.
A kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel, includes the following steps：
Step 1: by each component in such as said components in addition to additives be processed into respectively 60-100 mesh metallic particles it
After carry out vacuum annealing process, it is spare；
Step 2: the metallic particles after vacuum annealing process is respectively adopted 80 mesh standard sieve nets carried out sieve classification
Into the two level metallic particles of the mesh of level-one metallic particles and grain size >=80 of 80 mesh of grain size ＜；
Step 3: by additive according to volume ratio be 3-5:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, later will
The level-one metallic particles and two level metallic particles of each component are wet according to being carried out in such as above-mentioned parts by weight addition ethanol solution respectively
Method mixes, wherein, ethanol solution is 1-2 with the volume ratio of level-one metallic particles or two level metallic particles:2-4；
Step 4: the level-one metallic particles after wet-mixing and two level metallic particles are used into 200kg vaccum sensitive stoves respectively
It smelts, 1650-1800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum degree 1.0-1.4 × 10-1Pa is poured intoLevel-one metal
Pole and two level round metal bars；
Step 5: level-one round metal bars and two level round metal bars are weighed respectively with vaccum sensitive stove-argon gas atomising device
Molten, melt is flowed down through leting slip a remark, and the melt of level-one round metal bars and the melt of two level round metal bars are stirred during flowing down
Mixing, is atomized into mixed metal powder by mixed liquor with high pressure argon gas later, wherein, pouring temperature is 1660 DEG C, argon gas
Jetting pressure is 1.7~1.75MPa；
Step 6: mixed metal powder sieves under protection of argon gas, granularity is 160-200 mesh, and powder is through electrostatic separation method
30-40min removal ceramic inclusions are handled, 3.0 × 10-3Under the vacuum of Pa, it is heated to 320 DEG C and keeps 5-10min in vacuum
Lower powder is packed into stainless steel sleeve is cast into required shape and size using hot isostatic pressing technique.
In one preferred embodiment, in the step 3, by additive according to volume ratio be 4:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and making
It is standby into ethanol solution, later by the level-one metallic particles of each component and two level metallic particles respectively according to parts by weight as described above
It adds in ethanol solution and carries out wet-mixing, wherein, the volume ratio of ethanol solution and level-one metallic particles or two level metallic particles
It is 1:3.
In one preferred embodiment, in the step 4, smelting temperature is 1700 DEG C, vacuum degree 1.0 × 10-1Pa。
In one preferred embodiment, in the step 5, pouring temperature is 1660 DEG C, and argon gas jetting pressure is 1.7MPa.
In one preferred embodiment, in step 6, powder is fitted into stainless steel sleeve under vacuum, shakes reality, sealing, steel bushing ruler
It is very little to beIt is 78~81kg to fill silty amount.
In one preferred embodiment, the technological parameter of HIP is 1650-1720 DEG C, 135-140MPa, 3.2-3.6h.
The present invention includes at least following advantageous effect：
Superalloy heat provided by the invention is made just, to employ various metals component and additive and make according to specific proportioning
Into properties of product obtained can reach better impact resistance rate, improve intensity, improve wear-resistant rate, heat-resisting quantity and anti-height
Corrosivity, hence it is evident that improve the service life of product, be the 2 times or more service life of similar product.
Superalloy heat provided by the invention is made in firm preparation method, and metallic particles is carried out in step 1 and step 2
Mixed processing respectively is carried out after sizing screening again, since metallic particles is uniform, mixing is abundant, and the melting through step 4 is follow-up
Preparing superalloy hot-work steel provides consistency high level-one alloy masterbatch；By level-one round metal bars and two level metal in step 5
Pole is carried out atomization and dusted processing again after being mixed and stirred for uniformly with liquid condition again after remelting respectively, so that metal powder
End inherently has the property of alloy powder, and step 6 is again cast into alloy powder progress hot isostatic pressing technique again later
The superalloy hot-work steel that consistency is high, lattice structure is stablized.
Part is illustrated to embody by further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention by following, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to enable those skilled in the art with reference to specification
Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be appreciated that such as " having ", "comprising" and " comprising " term used herein do not allot one or more
The presence or addition of a other element or combinations.
Embodiment 1
The present invention provides a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, by weight score meter, including following components：
Additive includes 1.2 parts of 0.7 part of graphite and lubricant, and the lubricant is that mass ratio is 2:1 paraffin and lubrication
The mixture of fat, wherein, the lubricating grease includes 28% stearic acid, and strontium 2.5%, 2,6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenols 0.9% are remaining
It measures as alkane.
Embodiment 2
The present invention provides a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, by weight score meter, including following components：
Additive includes 1.0 parts of 0.5 part of graphite and lubricant, and the lubricant is that mass ratio is 2:1 paraffin and lubrication
The mixture of fat, wherein, the lubricating grease includes 25% stearic acid, and strontium 1.5%, 2,6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenols 1.0% are remaining
It measures as alkane.
Embodiment 3
The present invention provides a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, by weight score meter, including following components：
Additive includes 0.8 part of 0.4 part of graphite and lubricant, and the lubricant is that mass ratio is 2:1 paraffin and lubrication
The mixture of fat, wherein, the lubricating grease includes 23% stearic acid, strontium 1%, 2,6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenols 1.1%, surplus
For alkane.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel, includes the following steps：
Step 1: by each component in such as said components in addition to additives be processed into respectively 60-100 mesh metallic particles it
After carry out vacuum annealing process, it is spare；
Step 2: the metallic particles after vacuum annealing process is respectively adopted 80 mesh standard sieve nets carried out sieve classification
Into the two level metallic particles of the mesh of level-one metallic particles and grain size >=80 of 80 mesh of grain size ＜；
Step 3: by additive according to volume ratio be 3-5:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, later will
The level-one metallic particles and two level metallic particles of each component are wet according to being carried out in such as above-mentioned parts by weight addition ethanol solution respectively
Method mixes, wherein, ethanol solution is 1-2 with the volume ratio of level-one metallic particles or two level metallic particles:2-4；
Step 4: the level-one metallic particles after wet-mixing and two level metallic particles are used into 200kg vaccum sensitive stoves respectively
It smelts, 1650-1800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum degree 1.0-1.4 × 10-1Pa is poured intoLevel-one metal
Pole and two level round metal bars；
Metallic particles is carried out in step 1 and step 2 to carry out mixed processing respectively again after sizing screening, due to metal
Particle is uniform, and mixing is abundant, and the melting through step 4 provides consistency high level-one conjunction subsequently to prepare superalloy hot-work steel
Golden masterbatch.
Step 5: level-one round metal bars and two level round metal bars are weighed respectively with vaccum sensitive stove-argon gas atomising device
Molten, melt is flowed down through leting slip a remark, and the melt of level-one round metal bars and the melt of two level round metal bars are stirred during flowing down
Mixing, is atomized into mixed metal powder by mixed liquor with high pressure argon gas later, wherein, pouring temperature is 1660 DEG C DEG C, argon
Gas jetting pressure is 1.7~1.75MPa；Step 6: mixed metal powder sieves under protection of argon gas, granularity is 160-200 mesh,
Powder is through electrostatic separation method processing 30-40min removal ceramic inclusions, 3.0 × 10-3Under the vacuum of Pa, it is heated to 320 DEG C and protects
Required shape and size will be cast into powder loading stainless steel sleeve using hot isostatic pressing technique under vacuum by holding 5-10min.
It will mix and stir with liquid condition again after level-one round metal bars and two level round metal bars respectively remelting in step 5
It carries out being atomized processing of dusting again after mixing uniformly, so that metal powder inherently has the property of alloy powder, Zhi Houzai
Step 6 again carries out alloy powder the superalloy heat that hot isostatic pressing technique is cast into consistency height, lattice structure is stablized and makees
Steel.
In a wherein preferred embodiment, in the step 3, by additive according to volume ratio be 4:100 are dissolved in anhydrous second
Ethanol solution is prepared into alcohol, later by the level-one metallic particles of each component and two level metallic particles respectively according to weight as described above
Amount number, which is added in ethanol solution, carries out wet-mixing, wherein, ethanol solution and level-one metallic particles or two level metallic particles
Volume ratio is 1:3.
In a wherein preferred embodiment, in the step 4, smelting temperature is 1700 DEG C, vacuum degree 1.0 × 10-1Pa。
In a wherein preferred embodiment, in the step 5, pouring temperature is 1660 DEG C, and argon gas jetting pressure is
1.7MPa。
In a wherein preferred embodiment, in step 6, powder is fitted into stainless steel sleeve under vacuum, shakes reality, sealing,
Steel bushing size isIt is 78~81kg to fill silty amount.
In a wherein preferred embodiment, the technological parameter of HIP is 1650-1720 DEG C, 135-140MPa, 3.2-3.6h.
Component carries out superalloy heat and makees firm preparation in 1-3 in conjunction with the embodiments for method disclosed in Application Example 4, and
The performance of superalloy hot-work steel is detected, as a result such as the following table 1：
Table 1
In conclusion superalloy hot-work steel provided by the invention has good impact resistance, mechanical strength, wear-resistant
The good characteristics such as property, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistant.
Wherein, main component is iron component, and complementary with its is carbon component, and Fe-C alloys are as entire hot-work steel
Key component forms the grown form of total, each alloy compositions is added in it, to improve each of entire steel construction
Kind performance；
Titanium and vanadium are deoxidiers excellent in hot-work steel, it can make the dense internal organization of steel, and crystal grain thinning reduces timeliness
Sensibility and cold brittleness improve its welding performance；
Zirconium can slow down stress in hot-work steel remelting and reduce distortion of lattice, be reacted with other metallic elements, generation is solid
Liquid solution compound improves hot-work steel plasticity, impact resistance and corrosion resistance；
Copper can improve its intensity and toughness, particularly atmospheric corrosion performance in hot-work steel；
Molybdenum can make the crystal grain refinement of hot-work steel, improve quenching degree and calorific intensity；
Silicon and chromium help to improve the spread that alloy carbide is precipitated during high tempering, can improve hot-work steel
Tempering property, improve its critical point, improve the inoxidizability and corrosion resistance of hot-work steel；
Nickel can improve the intensity of hot-work steel, and can keep good plasticity and toughness, there is antirust and resistance at high temperature
Thermal energy power, but it is rare element, and cost is higher；
Additive is mainly used for improving the abrasion between the intermiscibility of each component and the metallic particles for reducing each component, protects
The uniform particle sizes for holding metallic particles are consistent, ensure that heat makees that firm lattice structure is unaffected, the steel construction after hot isostatic pressing more causes
It is close, there are the good characteristics such as good impact resistance, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistant.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its be not restricted in specification and embodiment it is listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, it is of the invention and unlimited
In specific details and embodiment shown and described herein.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Score meter by weight, superalloy hot-work steel include following components：
94.2-96 parts of iron, 1.0-1.5 parts of manganese, 0.01-0.03 parts of tungsten,
0.021-0.033 parts of titanium, 0.009-0.01 parts of copper, 1.1-1.5 parts of zirconium,
0.5-0.75 parts of molybdenum, 0.9-1.2 parts of silicon, 0.85-1.15 parts of chromium,
0.82-0.95 parts of carbon, 0.8-1.2 parts of vanadium, 0.02-0.04 parts of calcium,
1.6-2.1 parts of 0.02-0.06 parts of nickel and additive
Step 1: each component in the component of superalloy hot-work steel in addition to additives is processed into the metal of 60-100 mesh respectively
Vacuum annealing process is carried out after particle, it is spare；
Step 2: the metallic particles after vacuum annealing process is respectively adopted 80 mesh standard sieve nets carries out sieving classification granulating
The two level metallic particles of the mesh of the level-one metallic particles and grain size of 80 mesh of diameter ＜ >=80；
Step 3: by additive according to volume ratio be 3-5:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, later by each group
The level-one metallic particles and two level metallic particles divided adds in respectively according to the parts by weight described in the component of superalloy hot-work steel
Wet-mixing is carried out in ethanol solution, wherein, ethanol solution is 1- with the volume ratio of level-one metallic particles or two level metallic particles
2:2-4；
Step 4: the level-one metallic particles after wet-mixing and two level metallic particles are used into 200kg vacuum induction furnace smeltings respectively,
1650-1800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum degree 1.0-1.4 × 10-1Pa pours into the level-one round metal bars of 60 × 1200 mm of φ
With two level round metal bars；
Step 5: level-one round metal bars and two level round metal bars are distinguished remelting with vaccum sensitive stove-argon gas atomising device, melt
Liquid is flowed down through leting slip a remark, and the melt of level-one round metal bars and the melt of two level round metal bars are stirred mixing during flowing down,
Mixed liquor is atomized into mixed metal powder with high pressure argon gas later, wherein, pouring temperature is 1660 DEG C, argon gas injection pressure
Power is 1.7~1.75 MPa；
Step 6: mixed metal powder sieves under protection of argon gas, granularity is 160-200 mesh, and powder is handled through electrostatic separation method
30-40 min remove ceramic inclusions, 3.0 × 10 -3Under the vacuum of Pa, it is heated to 320 DEG C and keeps 5-10 min in vacuum
Lower powder is packed into stainless steel sleeve is cast into required shape and size using hot isostatic pressing technique.
2. the preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, will add
Add agent according to volume ratio be 4:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, later by the level-one metallic particles of each component
Distinguish in parts by weight addition ethanol solution described in accordance with the claim 1 with two level metallic particles and carry out wet-mixing, wherein,
Ethanol solution is 1 with the volume ratio of level-one metallic particles or two level metallic particles:3.
3. the preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4, melting
Temperature is 1700 DEG C, vacuum degree 1.0 × 10-1 Pa。
4. the preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 5, argon gas
Jetting pressure is 1.7 MPa.
5. the preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 6, under vacuum
Powder is fitted into stainless steel sleeve, shakes reality, sealing, steel bushing size is φ 200-220 × 340-360 mm, and dress silty amount is 78
~81 kg.
6. the preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel as described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the technique ginseng of hot isostatic pressing technique
Number is 1650-1720 DEG C, 135-140 MPa, 3.2-3.6 h.
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