CN106428623B - A kind of undercarriage becomes the load loading method of stroke test - Google Patents
A kind of undercarriage becomes the load loading method of stroke test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the load loading methods that a kind of undercarriage becomes stroke test, belong to undercarriage static(al) or fatigue test field.12 load loading ends are set first, secondly, Adjustment Tests equipment, given or measurement testing equipment geometric parameter is as initial operating condition, give any operating condition, and calculate the geometric parameter difference of the operating condition Yu initial operating condition, rule is translated according to load according to the load value under the difference and the given operating condition and calculates additional square, it is last to obtain test load value according to by eliminating additional square, and load load is carried out under corresponding operating condition by the test load value, to complete the load load that undercarriage becomes stroke test.Additional square is eliminated by this method, can really reflect undercarriage loaded state, test is simple and easy, shortens the test period.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to undercarriage static(al) or fatigue test fields, and in particular to a kind of undercarriage becomes the load of stroke test
Loading method.
Background technique
There are mainly two types of loading methods for current gear test: 1. fixed journey system test method.I.e. during the test, delay
The stroke for rushing device immobilizes, and the test method is simple and easy, it determines the longevity and provide centainly for undercarriage bearing capacity and fatigue
Test basis.But since fixed journey system test is difficult to reflect the true loading conditions of undercarriage, therefore test result presentation is not true
Real state.By taking fatigue test as an example: after undercarriage fatigue test load spectrum determines, the variable quantity pair of buffer compression travel
Fatigue test lifetime results have significant impact." undercarriage becomes the development of stroke fatigue test technology to bibliography Zhao Junjie etc.
Summary " it points out, landing state lower curve planing case, fatigue life of weak section when becoming stroke is only fixed journey system
63%.Therefore, influence of the stroke to the fatigue test service life is very significant.This also illustrates that fixed journey system test method cannot be quasi-
The really reflection true loading conditions of undercarriage.2. bench type becomes stroke test method.This method simulates realistically making for undercarriage
With situation, reflect the corresponding relationship of load and buffer compression travel.But this method implementation process is complicated, and experimentation cost is big, week
Phase is long.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of test loading method that can really reflect that undercarriage is loaded,
It can be undercarriage bearing capacity and tired determine the longevity and provide accurate test basis.Require this method simple and easy simultaneously, it is unlikely
In excessively increase experimentation cost and extend the test period.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows does not change buffer decrement during the test, passes through load shifting method
Then, different location load is moved into a certain fixed position, realizes that undercarriage becomes stroke test load, the specific method is as follows:
S1, vertical wheel shaft, wheel shaft course, tire ground connection are respectively arranged at the wheel shaft two sides symmetric position of the false wheel
Put the load load(ing) point in course, the lateral four direction of tire grounding point, wherein the either side in wheel shaft two sides, vertical load
Load(ing) point is provided with relative to the symmetrical two Plumb load ends of axle axis, meanwhile, the either side in wheel shaft two sides, tire
Grounding point lateral load load(ing) point is provided with subaerial first side to loading end and the second side far from ground is to load
End；
S2, the undercarriage set in step S1 is installed on load wall as initial operating condition M0, buffer decrement tune
Fixed after to initial value s, corresponding tire decrement is δ, gives distance c, wheel of the Plumb load end to the axle axis
Two the first sides of axis two sides are to the distance between loading end L and first side to loading end and second side to load
The distance R at end；
S3, give the need under any operating condition M1 be applied to the vertical of the undercarriage, wheel shaft course, tire grounding point boat
Specified load value and buffer decrement S on, lateral 4 directions of tire grounding point1And tire compression amount δ1；
S4, the spatial relation variable quantity that the false wheel under operating condition M1 is transitted to by initial operating condition M0, and root are calculated
Rule is translated according to load according to each specified load value under the variable quantity and operating condition M1 and calculates additional square；
S5, the test load that each load under operating condition M1 loads is calculated according to each parameter in the additional square and step S2
Value, the test load value are that the load value obtained after additional square is eliminated on the basis of the specified load value；
S6, load load is carried out under corresponding operating condition by the test value.
Preferably, in the step S1, first side to the load of loading end apply point setting the false wheel with
The midpoint of ground tangent line；Second side applies point to the load of loading end and is overlapped with the load in wheel shaft course application point.
In above scheme preferably, the load in the wheel shaft course applies the center of gravity that point is the false wheel.
In above scheme preferably, in the step S4, the additional square includes that left and right course adds square, left and right laterally
Additional square and vertical additional square.
In above scheme preferably, in the step S5, course adds square from the first side to loading end and second side
It is eliminated to loading end；Laterally additional square is eliminated by the Plumb load end；Vertical additional square is added by tire grounding point course
End is carried to eliminate.
It is an advantage of the current invention that this method really reflects undercarriage loaded state compared with fixed journey system test method,
It can be undercarriage bearing capacity and tired determine the longevity and provide accurate test basis；Compared with bench type becomes stroke test method,
This method implementation process is simple, and experimentation cost is low, and the test period is short.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the load loading method that undercarriage of the present invention becomes stroke test.
Fig. 2 is that the load of the prior art applies schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that load of the invention applies schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the measurement parameter schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the elimination of one embodiment of the present invention adds square schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the invention implemented clearer, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is further described in more detail.In the accompanying drawings, identical from beginning to end or class
As label indicate same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Described embodiment is the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, it is intended to use
It is of the invention in explaining, and be not considered as limiting the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.Under
Face is described in detail the embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with attached drawing.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as protecting the present invention
The limitation of range.
The present invention is described in further details below by embodiment.
The present invention provides the load loading methods that a kind of undercarriage becomes stroke test.Be do not change during the test it is slow
Device decrement is rushed, rule is translated by load, different location load is moved into a certain fixed position, realizes that undercarriage becomes stroke
Test load, the specific method is as follows:
S1, vertical wheel shaft, wheel shaft course, tire ground connection are respectively arranged at the wheel shaft two sides symmetric position of the false wheel
Put the load load(ing) point in course, the lateral four direction of tire grounding point, wherein the either side in wheel shaft two sides, vertical load
Load(ing) point is provided with relative to the symmetrical two Plumb load ends of axle axis, meanwhile, the either side in wheel shaft two sides, tire
Grounding point lateral load load(ing) point is provided with subaerial first side to loading end and the second side far from ground is to load
End；
S2, the undercarriage set in step S1 is installed on load wall as initial operating condition M0, buffer decrement tune
Fixed after to initial value s, corresponding tire decrement is δ, gives distance c, wheel of the Plumb load end to the axle axis
Two the first sides of axis two sides are to the distance between loading end L and first side to loading end and second side to load
The distance R at end；
S3, give the need under any operating condition M1 be applied to the vertical of the undercarriage, wheel shaft course, tire grounding point boat
Specified load value and buffer decrement S on, lateral 4 directions of tire grounding point1And tire compression amount δ1；
S4, the spatial relation variable quantity that the false wheel under operating condition M1 is transitted to by initial operating condition M0, and root are calculated
Rule is translated according to load according to each specified load value under the variable quantity and operating condition M1 and calculates additional square；
S5, the test load that each load under operating condition M1 loads is calculated according to each parameter in the additional square and step S2
Value, the test load value are that the load value obtained after additional square is eliminated on the basis of the specified load value；
S6, load load is carried out under corresponding operating condition by the test value.
For existing undercarriage in static(al) or fatigue test, single undercarriage bears 8 load: the vertical load in left and right
Lotus, left and right wheel shaft course load, left and right tire grounding point course load, left and right tire grounding point lateral load, entire undercarriage
In test loading conditions are as shown in Fig. 2, X-direction is vector, and Z axis direction is that aircraft is vertical, and Y direction is aircraft
Laterally, coordinate direction is consistent with Fig. 2 in Fig. 3-Fig. 5, and 1 is undercarriage, and 2 be the false wheel of load, it should be noted that due to the figure
The observation schematic diagram lateral along aircraft provided, therefore, in diagram only draws the false wheel of load, and the load vacation wheel in figure by giving
The load of four direction out, thus, single undercarriage bear 8 load altogether.With reference to Fig. 2, wherein Fvz, Fvy are respectively
Left and right vertical load, for loading direction along Z axis positive direction, Fhz, Fhy are respectively left and right wheel shaft course load, and loading direction is along X
Axis positive direction, the position of aforementioned four load are undercarriage 1 and the false wheel junction of load, and it is false which is normally at load
The center position of wheel, Fscz, Fscy are respectively left and right tire grounding point course load, and the position of the two load is load
One end of vacation wheel ground connection, or for the position far from undercarriage 1 on the false wheel 2 of load at, loading direction be along X-axis positive direction,
Fcz, Fcy are respectively left and right tire grounding point lateral load, the two load are along Y-axis positive direction.
It is understood that carrying out gear test by the above method, need constantly to change buffer decrement, therefore
This method implementation process is complicated, and experimentation cost is big, and the period is long.
For this purpose, the present invention uses 12 loading methods, the vertical load on each tire is divided into former and later two points and is loaded
Apply, the tire grounding point lateral load on each tire is divided into two load(ing) points applications up and down, and (upper load(ing) point is along wheel shaft axis
Line, lower load(ing) point keep with it is original consistent), other are constant, see Fig. 3.It is understood that being loaded with load consistent in Fig. 2
Including everywhere, respectively Fhz, Fhy, Fscz and Fscy, Fhz, Fhy are respectively left and right wheel shaft course load, and loading direction is
Along X-axis positive direction, position is undercarriage 1 and the false wheel junction of load, which is normally at the centre bit of the false wheel of load
Place is set, Fscz, Fscy are respectively left and right tire grounding point course load, and the position of the two load is the false wheel ground connection of load
One end, or taken turns on 2 at the position of separate undercarriage 1 for load is false, loading direction is along X-axis positive direction；
Unlike Fig. 2, in Fig. 3, it respectively sets two respectively by left and right vertical load Fvz, Fvy in script Fig. 2
Point load, and two o'clock load is also respectively set by left and right tire grounding point lateral load Fcz, Fcy in Fig. 2, specifically,
On the false wheel of any load, for example on one with Fvz load false wheel, (load is false from the wheel shaft that the vacation is taken turns along the y axis
Wheel and undercarriage junction) load(ing) point is respectively protruded out to two sides, for example, protruding out ear respectively to two sides in practical structures
Piece connection structure substitutes original load(ing) point being located at wheel axis center by the two attachment lugs, thus in load vacation
Two loaded loads of Fvzh and Fvzq are formed on wheel, similarly, on the false wheel of any load, such as a vacation with Fcz load
On wheel, the application point of the Fcz load of script is retained, is newly named as Fczx, and the load of a newly-increased equidirectional different role point
Lotus Fczx, the load act at wheel axis center, i.e., the position of vertical load Fvz in original image 2, to constitute as shown in Figure 3
12 load, respectively it is as follows:
Fvzq, Fvyq are respectively load(ing) point vertical load before left and right；
Fvzh, Fvyh are respectively load(ing) point vertical load behind left and right；
Fhz, Fhy are respectively left and right wheel shaft course load；
Fczs, Fcys are respectively the upper load(ing) point tire grounding point lateral load in left and right；
Fczx, Fcyx are respectively the lower load(ing) point tire grounding point lateral load in left and right；
Fscz, Fscy are respectively left and right tire grounding point course load.
During load applies, undercarriage buffer is fixed on a certain fixed journey system first, adjusts or obtain buffering
Device decrement S, corresponding tire decrement are δ, and the load pressurized strut axial location of 12 load(ing) points has been fixed at this time, meanwhile,
It needs to measure or sets following values:
On the false wheel of same load, two Plumb load points are away from axle centre distance c, and identity distance is from L, tire in the tire of left and right
Center of gravity is to tire grounding point distance R.It should be noted that above-mentioned wheel axis center is to add on left and right wheel shaft course load and left and right
The position namely tire center of gravity of loading point tire grounding point lateral load, face is that the lower load(ing) point tire in left and right connects in above-mentioned tire
The position of place lateral load and left and right tire grounding point course load, as shown in Figure 4.The arrangement of above-mentioned position can be with
It is designed in the false wheel design of load and manufacturing process, and requires two Plumb load points away from axle centre apart from phase
It together, is c.
Such as in the specific implementation process, the main landing gear is installed on load wall first, buffer decrement is transferred to S
=85mm is fixed, and corresponding tire decrement is δ=19mm.The Plumb load point of measurement or setting is away from axle centre distance c
=400mm, identity distance is formed from L=800mm, tire center of gravity to tire grounding point distance R=489mm by this in the tire of left and right
The false wheel of load and each load(ing) point under the positional relationship of undercarriage are initial loading point, which is denoted as initial operating condition.
Different load working conditions is had in slow test or fatigue test, each load working condition can be provided above-mentioned
8 load mentioned in Fig. 2, while having 1 two parameters of corresponding buffer decrement S1 and tire compression amount δ, amount to 10 ginsengs
Number.Such as in the specific implementation process, have parameter as follows:
| Parameter | Fvz1 | Fhz1 | Fcz1 | Fscz1 | Fvy1 | Fhy1 | Fcy1 | Fscy1 | S1 | δ1 |
| Operating condition 1 | 70936N | -9352N | 11979N | 4313N | 70936N | 9352N | 11979N | 4313N | 276mm | 62mm |
After the load position of aforementioned 8 load determines, each load and corresponding load can be determined according to geometrical relationship
The course of pressurized strut and vertical distance (all 0) of lateral distance.Initial value setting: front and back Plumb load point load is arranged to
0.5 times of vertical load；Wheel shaft course load point load is arranged to 1.0 times of wheel shaft course load lotuses；The load of tire grounding point course
Point load is arranged to 1.0 times of tire grounding point course load；Upper tire grounding point lateral load is arranged to 0, lower tire grounding point
Lateral load is arranged to 1.0 times of tire grounding point lateral loads.Vertical load, wheel shaft course load, tire grounding point course carry
The translation of lotus can cause the lateral additional square around axle axis, by increasing and decreasing a certain amount of load for the square in 2 Plumb load points
(around the lateral additional square of axle axis) balance；Course caused by the vertical translation of tire grounding point lateral load adds square by two sides
Increase and decrease a certain amount of counterweight balance to load(ing) point；Vertical additional square caused by tire grounding point lateral load course translates is by left and right wheels
Tire grounding point course load(ing) point increases and decreases a certain amount of counterweight balance；The load transfer under all load working conditions is completed in this way.
For example, in the present embodiment, each of operating condition 1 can be accurately positioned out by buffer decrement and tire compression amount
Load loading Position, while the relative position between each load loading Position and initial loading point can be extrapolated, specifically such as
Under:
Calculate the vertical distance f=190mm in wheel shaft midpoint under the lower wheel shaft midpoint of operating condition 1 and initial operating condition, the herein calculating of f
Process is that f=(S1-S) × s i na, angle a refer to buffer axis angle with horizontal plane；Calculate the lower wheel shaft midpoint of operating condition 1 and just
Wheel shaft midpoint course distance b=23mm under beginning operating condition, principle is same to calculate f, b=(S1-S) × cosa；Calculate the lower tire of operating condition 1
Grounding point and the vertical distance d=233mm of load(ing) point tire grounding point, herein, d=f+ δ 1- δ.As shown in figure 5, M0 is initial work
Load vacation wheel spatial position under condition, M1 are the load vacation wheel spatial position under operating condition 1.
Rule is translated according to load, the lateral load of tire grounding point, which vertically translates, can cause course to add square, left and right
Course adds square and is respectively as follows:
Mxz=-Fcz1*d=-11979*233=-2791107N.mm；
Mxy=-Fcz1*d=-11979*233=-2791107N.mm.
The translation of vertical load, wheel shaft course load, tire grounding point course load tire grounding point can cause lateral attached
Add square, laterally additional square is respectively as follows: for left and right
Myz=Fvz1*b+Fhz1*f+Fscz1*d
=70936*23-9352*190+4313*233
=859577N.mm；
Myy=Fvy1*b+Fhy1*f+Fscy1*d
=70936*23+9352*190+4313*233
=4413337N.mm.
The lateral load of tire grounding point can cause vertical additional square along course translation, and the vertical additional square in left and right is respectively as follows:
Mzz=-Fcz1*b=-11979*23=-275517N.mm；
Mzy=-Fcy1*b=-11979*23=-275517N.mm.
In order to keep undercarriage component loaded constant, need to eliminate above-mentioned additional square.Specific: course adds square by two sides
It is eliminated to load(ing) point；Laterally additional square is eliminated by 2 Plumb load points；Vertical additional square is loaded by left and right tire grounding point course
Point is eliminated.It is possible thereby to derive that the load of 1 lower 12 load(ing) point of operating condition is respectively as follows:
Fvzq=0.5*Fvz1-0.5*Myz/c=0.5*70936-0.5*859577/400=34394N；
Fvzh=0.5*Fvz1+0.5*Myz/c=0.5*70936+0.5*859577/400=37617N；
Fhz=Fhz1=-9352N；
Fczs=-Mxz/R=2791107/489=5708N；
Fczx=Fcz1+Mxz/R=11979-2791107/489=6271N；
Fscz=Fscz1+Mzz/L+Mzy/L=4313-275517/800-275517/800=3624N；
Fvyq=0.5*Fvy1-0.5*Myy/c=0.5*70936-0.5*4413337/400=29951N；
Fvyh=0.5*Fvy1+0.5*Myy/c=0.5*70936+0.5*4413337/400=40985N；
Fhy=Fhy1=9352N；
Fcys=-Mxy/R=2791107/489=5708N；
Fcyx=Fcy1+Mxy/R=11979-2791107/489=6271N；
Fscy=Fscy1-Mzz/L-Mzy/L=4313+275517/800+275517/800=5002N.
Above-mentioned load variable meaning is that Fvz1 is given value, and Fvzq and Fvzh are the final test value for eliminating additional square,
Similarly, the load with suffix 1 is given value to its load, and the load of no suffix 1 is test value.
Other operating conditions are also handled in the method, and according to the load working condition after conversion in fixed bumper stroke and tire
It is tested under decrement, test result shows that the true loading conditions of undercarriage can be accurately presented in this method.
Finally it is noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations.To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, those skilled in the art should understand that: it is still
It is possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or part of technical characteristic is equally replaced
It changes；And these are modified or replaceed, the essence for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
Mind and range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of undercarriage becomes the load loading method of stroke test, is taken turns by vacation and connect gear test part, and by vacation
Each load loading end of wheel applies live load and carries out the undercarriage change stroke test, which is characterized in that the load load
Method includes:
S1, vertical wheel shaft, wheel shaft course, tire grounding point boat are respectively arranged at the wheel shaft two sides symmetric position of the false wheel
To the load load(ing) point of, the lateral four direction of tire grounding point, wherein the either side in wheel shaft two sides, vertical load load
Point is provided with relative to the symmetrical two Plumb load ends of axle axis, meanwhile, the either side in wheel shaft two sides, tire ground connection
Point lateral load load(ing) point is provided with subaerial first side to loading end and the second side far from ground is to loading end；
S2, the undercarriage set in step S1 is installed on load wall as initial operating condition M0, buffer decrement is transferred to just
Fixed after initial value s, corresponding tire decrement is δ, gives distance c, wheel shaft two of the Plumb load end to the axle axis
Two the first sides of side are to the distance between loading end L and first side to loading end and second side to loading end
Distance R；
S3, give the need under any operating condition M1 be applied to the vertical of the undercarriage, wheel shaft course, tire grounding point course, wheel
Specified load value and buffer decrement S on lateral 4 directions of tire grounding point1And tire compression amount δ1；
S4, the spatial relation variable quantity that the false wheel under operating condition M1 is transitted to by initial operating condition M0 is calculated, and according to institute
Each specified load value stated under variable quantity and operating condition M1 translates the additional square of rule calculating according to load；
S5, the test load value that each load under operating condition M1 loads is calculated according to each parameter in the additional square and step S2,
The test load value is that the load value obtained after additional square is eliminated on the basis of the specified load value；
S6, load load is carried out under corresponding operating condition by the test load value.
2. the load loading method that undercarriage as described in claim 1 becomes stroke test, it is characterised in that: the step S1
In, first side applies the midpoint that the false wheel and ground tangent line is arranged in point to the load of loading end；Described second side
Apply point to the load of loading end to be overlapped with the load in wheel shaft course application point.
3. the load loading method that undercarriage as claimed in claim 2 becomes stroke test, it is characterised in that: the wheel shaft course
Load apply the center of gravity that point is the false wheel.
4. the load loading method that undercarriage as described in claim 1 becomes stroke test, it is characterised in that: the step S4
In, the additional square includes that left and right course adds square, left and right laterally additional square and vertical additional square.
5. the load loading method that undercarriage as claimed in claim 4 becomes stroke test, it is characterised in that: the step S5
In, course adds square and is eliminated from the first side to loading end and the second side to loading end；Laterally additional square is by the Plumb load
It eliminates at end；Vertical additional square is eliminated by tire grounding point course loading end.
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| CN107685876A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-02-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Adjustable wheel loaded member for articulated landing gear |
| CN107944161A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | A kind of load calculation method for thrust vectoring engine mount |
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| CN111409853B (en) * | 2020-04-12 | 2023-06-20 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Landing gear strength test tire grounding point load applying structure |
| CN113435079A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | Landing gear fatigue life analysis method based on finite element method |
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| CN202156542U (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-03-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Variable load loading test device |
| CN202267609U (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-06-06 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Aircraft landing gear loading system |
| US9207136B2 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-12-08 | Goodrich Corporation | Brake manufacturer identification system and method |
| CN104773306B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2017-02-01 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Main landing gear three-way loading test device |
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2016
- 2016-08-29 CN CN201610749623.8A patent/CN106428623B/en active Active
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