CN106416906A - Early high-yield sweet cherry cultivation method achieving high-density and highly-dwarfed vigorous stocks - Google Patents

Early high-yield sweet cherry cultivation method achieving high-density and highly-dwarfed vigorous stocks Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106416906A
CN106416906A CN201610896316.2A CN201610896316A CN106416906A CN 106416906 A CN106416906 A CN 106416906A CN 201610896316 A CN201610896316 A CN 201610896316A CN 106416906 A CN106416906 A CN 106416906A
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branch
early
sweet cherry
fruit
downgraded
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陈福志
刘瑞兴
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an early high-yield sweet cherry cultivation method achieving high-density and highly-dwarfed vigorous stocks. The method comprises the steps that field planting is conducted according to the specification of 333 trees per mu in the mode that the plant spacing is 1 m, and the line spacing is 2 m, cutting back is conducted again from the end of June to the beginning of July in the same year of field planting, and branch emerging is promoted; a strong branch is selected, a 40-cm body of the strong branch is retained, 20-cm bodies of other branches are retained, cutting back is conducted to increase the branches, each tree grows out 8-15 branches with the length ranging from 0.5 m to 1.5 m after autumn, the branch quantity per mu reaches 4,000 or above, and then shaping is completed; 150 times of paclobutrazol is sprayed to a whole garden once after autumn equinox, early growth stopping is promoted, and winter freezing injuries are prevented; in spring of the second year, germination of leafage branches is promoted to form flower buds by adopting a multiple girdling method, branch pulling is not needed, the method is simple and easy to operate, and shaping can be completed in the same year of planting.

Description

Early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry
Technical field
The present invention relates to sweet cherry high-yield cultivation technique field, be specially the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry and downgrade early rich Produce cultural method.
Background technology
Dalian Area is important sweet cherry production district of China, cultivation history existing over one hundred year.The economy of cultivation sweet cherry Benefit is very high, is called gold plant husbandry, is deeply welcome by orchard worker.In recent years, under Daliang City's active support of the government and guiding, Cultivated area increases sharply, and industry size constantly expands, Dalian Area sweet cherry cultivated area from calendar year 2001 less than 2000hm2 Increase to the 23326hm of 20102.With the development of rural economy, sweet cherry hothouse production with its fruit than open country do sth. in advance 1~ Individual month, the output value high more than 10 times than open country, some outdoor croppings can also be avoided to be difficult to the difficulty overcoming simultaneously, make sweet cherry greenhouse Production development is rapid, and especially in Wafangdian area, weather is relatively colder, and it is fast that sweet cherry enters rest period, especially at tile-roofed house Shop area, weather is relatively colder, and sweet cherry enters rest period early, has obvious climatic superiority, to greenhouse, Dalian in 2010 Cultivation has reached 1600hm2, it is the important hothouse production region of China.
Prior art is that mu plants 55-110, and seeding row spacing is 2-3m*3-4m, and shaping mostly is spindle, needs 4-5 to complete whole Shape;The shaping amount of labour used is big, and technology requires height, and result is late, yields poorly, and tree height is big, management inconvenience.
Content of the invention
For problem above, the invention provides the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry and downgrade early high-yield cultivating method, letter Singly, easily operate, plant and just complete shaping then, can effectively solve the problem in background technology.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:The tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry is downgraded early rich Produce cultural method, comprise the steps:
Step one, every mu of field planting 333, spacing in the rows 1m, the mode of line-spacing 2m plants, field planting by the end of June then-July initial weight short Cut, inspire branch;
Step 2, selecting the prosperous branch of the last one to stay 40cm, other branches stay 20cm cutting back to increase branch, reach to each tree after autumn The branch 8-15 bar of 0.5m-1.5m length, mu branch amount reaches more than 4000, i.e. completes shaping;
Step 3, Hou Quan in Autumnal Equinox garden spray the paclobutrazol of 150 times once, promote early to stop length and prevent winter freeze calamity;
Step 4, Second Year spring use the method for multiple tracks girdling to promote leafage branch to sprout and form bud, need not draw branch.
Preferably, soil select more fertile, soil layer is deeper, neutral or subacidity loam and sandy loam, level of ground water Low, draining is good, and greenhouse is built in the location having water to water condition.
Preferably, hypsography low-lying, soil glue important place section, should suitably carry out soil improvement and level land.
Preferably, based on using with honeybee pollination, artificial pollination is auxiliary method, early stage of blooming available storage pollen point Awarding, must taking human assistance or the method putting honeybee pollination before and after full-bloom stage, artificial pollination method is after powder airing of picking flowers Awarded to new blown piece column cap by pollination device point, every day 2~3 times, simultaneously with air blast blowing, be dried with profit pollen and award Powder.
Preferably, discharge honeybee and when cherry is just shown in colored, beehive to be placed in greenhouse central authorities, every 667m2Greenhouse one case ?.
Preferably, when the timely pinching of young sprout length to 15~20cm, alleviate the Competition for Nutrients of young sprout and fruit, reduce physiology and fall Really, improve percentage of fertile fruit, promote Fruit.
Preferably, after Fruit physiology shedding, fruitlet is removed, weak fruit, malformed fruit, the new tree planted, depending on plant nutrient status, Partly or entirely remove young fruit, to guarantee that tree body survives;The too much tree of result to be dredged more, resolutely thin, prevent load capacity excessive, battalion Support under-supply, affect the yield of Second Year.
Preferably, before spending rear extremely maturation, every green emerging 1000 times (or other nutritional agents) the additional urea of 7~10d spray (0.3%~0.5%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3%~0.5%) etc., enrich carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer simultaneously, and after fallen flowers, every strain tree is executed Urea, composite fertilizer 500~1000g simultaneously pour water in right amount.
Preferably, combining before blooming and watering, every strain tree imposes cake fertilizer 5~10kg or 45% composite fertilizer 2kg, fruit expanding period Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer simultaneously combines foliage application.
Preferably, based on should be with fertilizer after fruit harvesting, organic fertilizer can be carried out in conjunction with soil improvement, organic fertilizer 3000~5000kg/667m2, but fertilizer must be applied after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:The present invention is simple, easily operate, and planting, it is whole just to complete then Shape, about height of tree 1.5m, Second Year forms bud, the 3rd annual bearing.Only bar seedling field planting can pluck cherry for 26 months, and mu is planted 333, strain produces about 1.5-2 kilogram, per mu yield more than 500 kilograms.Within 4th year, enter high yield period, per mu yield more than 1500 kilograms, dew Its mu takes in more than 20,000 yuan, and greenhouse production mu takes in more than 40,000 yuan.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely retouched State, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the present invention In embodiment, the every other enforcement that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work Example, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment:
The invention provides the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry and downgrade early high-yield cultivating method, comprise the steps:
Step one, every mu of field planting 333, spacing in the rows 1m, the mode of line-spacing 2m plants, field planting by the end of June then-July initial weight short Cut, inspire branch;
Step 2, selecting the prosperous branch of the last one to stay 40cm, other branches stay 20cm cutting back to increase branch, reach to each tree after autumn The branch 8-15 bar of 0.5m-1.5m length, mu branch amount reaches more than 4000, i.e. completes shaping;
Step 3, Hou Quan in Autumnal Equinox garden spray the paclobutrazol of 150 times once, promote early to stop length and prevent winter freeze calamity;
Step 4, Second Year spring use the method for multiple tracks girdling to promote leafage branch to sprout and form bud, need not draw branch.
For above-mentioned steps, it should be noted that:
(1) soil select more fertile, soil layer is deeper, neutral or subacidity loam and sandy loam, level of ground water is low, row Water is good, and greenhouse is built in the location having water to water condition;Hypsography low-lying, soil glue important place section, should suitably carry out soil improvement and smooth Soil.
(2) based on using with honeybee pollination, artificial pollination is auxiliary method, and early stage of blooming available storage pollen point is awarded, Must take human assistance or the method putting honeybee pollination before and after full-bloom stage, artificial pollination method is from picking flowers after powder airing with awarding Powder device point is awarded to new blown piece column cap, every day 2~3 times, simultaneously with air blast blowing, is dried with profit pollen and pollinates;Release Put honeybee and when cherry is just shown in colored, beehive to be placed in greenhouse central authorities, every 667m2Greenhouse one case.
(3) when the timely pinching of young sprout length to 15~20cm, alleviate the Competition for Nutrients of young sprout and fruit, reduce physiological fallen fruit, Improve percentage of fertile fruit, promote Fruit;Removing fruitlet, weak fruit, malformed fruit after Fruit physiology shedding, the new tree planted, depending on tree body Nutrition condition, partly or entirely removes young fruit, to guarantee that tree body survives;The too much tree of result to be dredged more, resolutely thin, prevent load Measuring excessive, nutrition supply is not enough, affects the yield of Second Year.
(4) to before ripe after spending, every green emerging 1000 times (or other nutritional agents) the additional urea of 7~10d spray (0.3%~ 0.5%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3%~0.5%) etc., enrich carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer simultaneously, and after fallen flowers, every strain tree is executed urea, answers Hefei 500~1000g simultaneously pours water in right amount.
(5) combining before blooming and watering, every strain tree imposes cake fertilizer 5~10kg or 45% composite fertilizer 2kg, and fruit expanding period enriches Phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously combines foliage application.
(6), based on should be with fertilizer after fruit harvesting, organic fertilizer can be carried out in conjunction with soil improvement, and organic fertilizer 3000~ 5000kg/667m2, but fertilizer must be applied after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Through overtesting, its result is as follows:
The present invention is simple, easily operate, and plants and just completes shaping then, and about height of tree 1.5m, Second Year forms bud, and the 3rd Annual bearing.Only bar seedling field planting can pluck cherry for 26 months, and mu plants 333, and strain produces about 1.5-2 kilogram, per mu yield 500 kilograms with On.Within 4th year, entering high yield period, per mu yield more than 1500 kilograms, outdoor mu takes in more than 20,000 yuan, and greenhouse production mu takes in 40,000 yuan Above.
Make training time be shaped then for planting in advance by 4-5, the shaping amount of labour used be reduced to greatly few recruitment, the height of tree by 3-7m reduces to about 1.5m, is 3 years high yields in advance by 6-7 high yield, is increased to 2000 by yield in the best fruiting period about 750 kilograms public About Jin.The many results of the former technology of the 7 years internal ratios in every mu of ground 4000 kilograms, according to per kilogram 20 yuan calculating, many incomes 80,000 yuan;Reduce Agriculture chemical usage amount 2/3, reduces investment more than 10,000 yuan;Increase income more than 90,000 yuan altogether.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention Any modification, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within god and principle, should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a sweet cherry tall anvil high density pole dwarfing early high-yield cultivating method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step one, every mu of field planting 333, spacing in the rows 1m, the mode of line-spacing 2m plants, field planting by the end of June then-July initial weight cutting back, promote Send out branch;
Step 2, selecting the prosperous branch of the last one to stay 40cm, other branches stay 20cm cutting back to increase branch, reach 0.5m-to each tree after autumn The branch 8-15 bar of 1.5m length, mu branch amount reaches more than 4000, i.e. completes shaping;
Step 3, Hou Quan in Autumnal Equinox garden spray the paclobutrazol of 150 times once, promote early to stop length and prevent winter freeze calamity;
Step 4, Second Year spring use the method for multiple tracks girdling to promote leafage branch to sprout and form bud, need not draw branch.
2. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Soil select more fertile, soil layer is deeper, neutral or subacidity loam and sandy loam, level of ground water is low, draining is good, has water Greenhouse is built in the location watering condition.
3. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Hypsography low-lying, soil glue important place section, should suitably carry out soil improvement and level land.
4. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Based on using with honeybee pollination, artificial pollination is auxiliary method, and early stage of blooming available storage pollen point is awarded, must before and after full-bloom stage Must take human assistance or the method putting honeybee pollination, artificial pollination method is to be awarded to just by pollination device point after powder airing of picking flowers It on the flower column cap opened, every day 2~3 times, simultaneously with air blast blowing, is dried with profit pollen and pollinates.
5. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: Beehive to be placed in greenhouse central authorities, every 667m when cherry is just shown in colored by release honeybee2Greenhouse one case.
6. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: When the timely pinching of young sprout length to 15~20cm, alleviate the Competition for Nutrients of young sprout and fruit, reduce physiological fallen fruit, improve percentage of fertile fruit, Promote Fruit.
7. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Remove fruitlet, weak fruit, malformed fruit, the new tree planted after Fruit physiology shedding, depending on plant nutrient status, partly or entirely remove children Really, to guarantee that tree body survives;The too much tree of result to be dredged more, resolutely thin, prevent load capacity excessive, nutrition supply is not enough, impact The yield of Second Year.
8. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Spend rear to maturation, every 7~10d spray green emerging 1000 times (or other nutritional agents) additional urea (0.3%~0.5%), phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogens (0.3%~0.5%) etc., enrich carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer simultaneously, after fallen flowers every strain tree execute urea, composite fertilizer 500~ 1000g simultaneously pours water in right amount.
9. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Combining before blooming and watering, every strain tree imposes cake fertilizer 5~10kg or 45% composite fertilizer 2kg, and fruit expanding period increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer is simultaneously tied Close foliage application.
10. early high-yield cultivating method is downgraded in the tall anvil high density pole of a kind of sweet cherry according to claim 1, and its feature exists In:Based on should be with fertilizer after fruit harvesting, organic fertilizer can be carried out in conjunction with soil improvement, organic fertilizer 3000~5000kg/ 667m2, but fertilizer must be applied after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.
CN201610896316.2A 2016-10-14 2016-10-14 Early high-yield sweet cherry cultivation method achieving high-density and highly-dwarfed vigorous stocks Pending CN106416906A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107182683A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-09-22 台州市农业科学研究院 Southern warm-wetness region mountain region sweet cherry protects leaf and promotees fruit integrated approach
CN110115187A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-08-13 浙江省农业科学院 A kind of cherry high-density planting method
CN110432062A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-12 云南省热带作物科学研究所 A kind of method of Queensland nut supple-mentary pollination
CN114885822A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-08-12 四川农业大学 Sweet cherry cultivation and management method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07115845A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-09 Naegino Ishidou:Kk Method for fusion cultivation of tree body for fruit tree
CN103621371A (en) * 2013-10-27 2014-03-12 大连东芳果菜专业合作社 Global pruning method for densely planted sweet cherry trees
CN104871899A (en) * 2015-05-21 2015-09-02 杨定海 Large-cherry cultivation and management method
CN105028110A (en) * 2015-09-08 2015-11-11 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 Root-control dwarfing high-density planting and cultivating method for large cherry trees
CN105165510A (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-12-23 江苏福泰农业科技有限公司 High quality and high yield high density cultivation method for peaches
CN105613165A (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-06-01 韩浩良 Novel technique for highly-efficient cultivation of sweet cherries in greenhouse

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07115845A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-09 Naegino Ishidou:Kk Method for fusion cultivation of tree body for fruit tree
CN103621371A (en) * 2013-10-27 2014-03-12 大连东芳果菜专业合作社 Global pruning method for densely planted sweet cherry trees
CN105613165A (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-06-01 韩浩良 Novel technique for highly-efficient cultivation of sweet cherries in greenhouse
CN104871899A (en) * 2015-05-21 2015-09-02 杨定海 Large-cherry cultivation and management method
CN105165510A (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-12-23 江苏福泰农业科技有限公司 High quality and high yield high density cultivation method for peaches
CN105028110A (en) * 2015-09-08 2015-11-11 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 Root-control dwarfing high-density planting and cultivating method for large cherry trees

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107182683A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-09-22 台州市农业科学研究院 Southern warm-wetness region mountain region sweet cherry protects leaf and promotees fruit integrated approach
CN110115187A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-08-13 浙江省农业科学院 A kind of cherry high-density planting method
CN110115187B (en) * 2019-04-23 2021-08-24 浙江省农业科学院 High-density planting method for Chinese cherries
CN110432062A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-12 云南省热带作物科学研究所 A kind of method of Queensland nut supple-mentary pollination
CN110432062B (en) * 2019-09-02 2021-09-21 云南省热带作物科学研究所 Supplementary pollination method for macadimia nuts
CN114885822A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-08-12 四川农业大学 Sweet cherry cultivation and management method
CN114885822B (en) * 2022-04-15 2023-07-04 四川农业大学 Sweet cherry cultivation management method

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Application publication date: 20170222