CN106415173B - 用于液化气态co2流的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于液化气态co2流的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN106415173B
CN106415173B CN201580004108.0A CN201580004108A CN106415173B CN 106415173 B CN106415173 B CN 106415173B CN 201580004108 A CN201580004108 A CN 201580004108A CN 106415173 B CN106415173 B CN 106415173B
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CN106415173A (zh
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尼古拉斯·向博荣
伯诺瓦·达维迪安
亚瑟·达德
马蒂厄·勒克莱尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于液化含有至少95mol％二氧化碳的气体流的设备，该设备包括：至少第一压缩阶段(C3，C4)，在该第一压缩阶段中进料气体流(1)被压缩；通过两个串联的相分离器形成的用于冷凝该压缩流的装置，用于部分地冷凝所述流并且产生液体流；第一热交换器(7)；为壳管式热交换器的第二热交换器(9)；用于将该液体流的至少一部分输送到该第一热交换器的管中的装置；用于将在该第二交换器中被冷却的该液体的第一部分作为液体产物(11)排出的装置，所述部分随后被膨胀；阀(V4)；用于输送在该第二交换器中被冷却的该液体的第二部分的装置，所述第二部分在该阀中膨胀并且在该第一交换器的壳中汽化以便形成汽化流(15)；以及用于压缩该汽化的流的至少一部分并且使其与该进料气体流混合的装置(3A，3B)。

Description

用于液化气态CO2流的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于液化气态CO2流的方法和设备。该流含有至少95 mol％的CO2，实际甚至至少99mol％的CO2。
本发明由一种方法组成，该方法使得有可能液化含有杂质(例如H2或N2)的CO2流。
背景技术
从JP-A-64084087已知通过以下方式液化主要含有CO2的流：在干燥器中干燥该有待液化的流、使其冷却以便将其部分液化、将其送入第一相分离器、将来自该第一相分离器的液体送入第二相分离器并且萃取来自该第二相分离器的液化的流。再加热来自该第二相分离器的气体并且将其送到该干燥器的上游。
此方法并不使得有可能过冷所产生的液体，当该液体必须在比液化压力更低的压力下使用时这被证明是有用的。
本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术的缺陷。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个主题，提供一种用于含有至少95mol％、实际甚至至少99mol％的二氧化碳的气体流的方法，其中：
a)该进料气体流在至少第一压缩阶段被压缩，
b)冷却该压缩的流以便使其至少部分地冷凝以便产生一种液体流，通过在第一热交换器中而不是该第一热交换器中冷却以便使其部分地冷凝，将该部分冷凝的流进行减压并且送到第一相分离器，将来自该第一相分离器的液体进行减压并且然后送到第二相分离器并且从该第二相分离器中取出该液体流，
c)在第二热交换器的管中冷却该液体流的至少一部分，该第二热交换器是壳管式热交换器，
d)在该第二交换器中被冷却、随后减压的该液体的第一部分充当液体产物，
e)在该第二交换器中被冷却的该液体的第二部分或通过使此液体进行减压并且部分汽化而产生的液体的第二部分在阀中进行减压并且在该第一交换器的壳中蒸发以便形成汽化的流，并且
f)将该汽化的流的至少一部分压缩并且与该进料气体流混合。
根据其他任选的方面：
-将来自该第一相分离器的气体与处于第一压力的进料气体流混合，
-将来自该第二相分离器的气体与该进料气体流混合，
-将来自该第二相分离器的气体与处于比该第一压力更低的第二压力的进料气体流混合，
-将来自该第二相分离器的气体与该进料气体流在该第一压缩阶段的上游混合，
-来自该第一相分离器的液体在减压的上游不被冷却，
-该第二交换器是最后的过冷器，
-该最终产物在该第二交换器的下游不被冷却，
-没有该液体产物的馏分再循环至该第一压缩阶段，
-将在该第二交换器中被冷却的该液体的第二部分在阀中进行减压并且单独地在该第二热交换器中再加热以便形成汽化的流。
根据本发明的另一个主题，提供一种用于液化含有至少95mol％、实际甚至至少99mol％的二氧化碳的气体流的设备，该设备至少包括：第一压缩阶段，在该第一压缩阶段中该进料气体流被压缩；用于冷凝该压缩的流以便将其部分地冷凝以便产生液体流的装置；第一热交换器，在该第一热交换器中该压缩的流被冷却以便将其部分地冷凝；用于减小该部分冷凝的流的压力的装置；将该减压的流送入其中的第一相分离器；用于减小来自第一相分离器的液体的压力的装置；第二相分离器；用于将该减压的液体送到该第二相分离器的装置以及用于从该第二相分离器中取出该液体流的装置；为壳管式热交换器的第二热交换器(9)；用于将该液体流的至少一部分送入该第二热交换器的管中的装置；用于作为液体产物取出以下项的装置：i)在该第二交换器中被冷却、随后减压的该液体的第一部分，或ii)通过使在该第二交换器中被冷却的该液体进行减压并且部分汽化而产生的液体的第一部分；阀；用于运送在该第二交换器中被冷却的该液体的第二部分或通过使此液体进行减压并且部分地汽化而产生的液体的第二部分以在该阀中进行减压并且在该第二交换器的壳中汽化以便形成汽化的流的装置；以及用于压缩该汽化的流的至少一部分并且将其与该进料气体流混合的装置。
根据其他任选的方面，该设备：
-包括用于将来自该第一相分离器的气体送到该第一压缩阶段的下游的装置，
-包括用于将来自该第二相分离器的气体送到该第一压缩阶段的上游的装置，
-不在该第一相分离器与该阀之间包括冷却装置。
该第二热交换器优选地是该设备的最终过冷器。
附图说明
本发明将参考附图以更详细的方式进行描述，其中：
图1是根据本发明的方法和设备的示意性图示。
具体实施方式
在图1中，用于液化含有至少95mol％、实际甚至至少99mol％的二氧化碳的流1的方法通过用冷源的间接热交换冷却来进行。具有CO2的给料，取决于其压力，在循环压缩机3上在阶段3B与3C之间的中间阶段进行。
此压缩机3的最后两个阶段3C、3D压缩流1直到达到足够的压力，这使得有可能冷凝在热交换器7中的原位可用的冷源5(例如冰冷的水) 遇到的气体流。
如此在高压下冷凝的CO2将经历在阀V1、V2中的连续的减压以便通过产生气体被自冷。
在阀V1中的第一减压将优选地在循环压缩机3的最后的轮3D的入口压力下发生。因此，源于相分离器S1的在该液体的减压之后产生的处于减压后平衡下的气体4可以在该循环压缩机的最后轮的上游再循环。
优选地设想来自相分离器S1的液体在第二阀V2中的减压的第二阶段以便在进入主交换器9之前减小该液化的CO2的压力，因此使得有可能在这同一个交换器上节省CAPEX。在此再一次，选择减压压力以便使得有可能在倒数第二的压缩轮3C的上游再循环来自第二相分离器S2的气体6。
在阀V1、V2中的此减压顺序使得有可能在通过在最后的压缩阶段中尽可能多地再循环来限制OPEX影响的同时冷却液化的CO2 18。
一旦部分地减小压力并且冷却，液体CO2 18的流将进入热交换器9 以便在其中强过冷。在过冷后，液体18被分成两部分。该部分11在阀 V3中进行减压以便形成在客户要求的压力(典型地7绝压)下的液体产物。在阀V4中减压之后，一部分13在热交换器9中针对液体18蒸发。在阀V4中的减压使该液体直到达到与三相点的温度(-56.5℃)尽可能靠近的温度。
汽化的低压CO2 15随后被再循环到循环压缩机3的第一阶段3A、3B 以便确保100％的液化产率。将其在阶段3B与3之间与流1混合。
以上提及的热交换器9将是壳管式交换器，其中流18在这些管中冷却并且液体13在该壳中减压到接近三相点的压力的压力，以便避免由于这同一个流的可能结冰的任何事故风险(特别是以下情况下，其中汽化的液体15将返回其中的压缩机3吸取太多并且引起压力下降到CO2的三相点的压力之下)。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于液化含有至少95mol％的二氧化碳的气体流的方法，其中：
a)将进料气体流(1)在至少第一压缩阶段(3C，3D)中进行压缩，
b)冷却该压缩的流以便使其至少部分地冷凝以便产生一种液体流，通过在第一热交换器(7)中而不是第二热交换器(9)中冷却以便使其部分地冷凝，将该部分冷凝的流进行减压并且送到第一相分离器(S1)，将来自该第一相分离器的液体进行减压并且然后送到第二相分离器(S2)，并且从该第二相分离器中取出该液体流，
其特征在于：
c)在第二热交换器(9)的管中冷却该液体流的至少一部分，该第二热交换器是壳管式热交换器，
d)在该第二热交换器中被冷却、随后减压的该液体的第一部分(11)充当液体产物，
e)在该第二热交换器中被冷却的该液体的第二部分(13)在阀(V4)中进行减压以使该液体达到接近该被冷却的液体的三相点的温度和压力，并且在该第二热交换器的壳中蒸发以便形成汽化的流(15)，并且
f)将该汽化的流的至少一部分压缩并且与该进料气体流混合。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中将来自该第一相分离器(S1)的气体(4)与处于第一压力的进料气体流混合。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中将来自该第二相分离器(S2)的气体(6)与该进料气体流混合。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中将来自该第二相分离器(S2)的气体(6)与处于比该第一压力更低的第二压力的进料气体流混合。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中将来自该第二相分离器(S2)的气体与该进料气体流在该第一压缩阶段的上游混合。
6.如以上权利要求之一所述的方法，其中来自该第一相分离器(S1)的液体(14)在该减压的上游不被冷却。
7.如权利要求1-5之一所述的方法，其中该第二热交换器(9)是最后的过冷器。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中该最终产物在该第二热交换器的下游不被冷却。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中进料气体流(1)含有至少99mol％的二氧化碳。
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