CN106414896A

CN106414896A - Use of ionized fluid in hydraulic fracturing

Info

Publication number: CN106414896A
Application number: CN201480079262.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: J.G.穆尼斯特里
Original assignee: MBJ Water Partners
Current assignee: MBJ Water Partners
Priority date: 2014-03-28
Filing date: 2014-03-28
Publication date: 2017-02-15
Also published as: AU2017265086B2; AU2014388273A1; CA2941564A1; AU2014388273B2; EP3134608A1; EP3134608A4; WO2015147873A1; AU2017265086A1; RU2641681C1

Abstract

A method and system for generating an ionized fluid, injecting the ionized fluid into fissures in a subterranean formation, pressurizing the ionized fluid, whereby the crystalline structure of a portion of the shale deposits located at the fissures are changed into suspended particles, whereby the depressurization of the ionized fluid forces the suspended particles out of the fissures, increasing the flow of hydrocarbons from those fissures.

Description

Use in fracturing for the ionised fluid

Cross-Reference to Related Applications

The application is the part continuation application of the US application serial No. 14/095,346 submitted on December 3rd, 2013, should U.S. Application No. 14/095,346 is the continuation application of the US application serial No. 13/832,759 that on March 15th, 2013 submits to, should US application serial No. 13/832,759 is that the part of the US application serial No. 13/594,497 of August in 2012 submission on the 24th continues Shen Please, this US application serial No. 13/594,497 requires the U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/676,628 of on July 27th, 2012 submission Priority.This application claims the priority of all applications previously listed, and also require the U.S. of on January 29th, 2013 submission The priority of Provisional Application serial number 13/753,310.

Background technology

The fracturing of oil well starts from the 1840s later stage, as when the warp attempting prolongation degradation period oil well Oil well production increasing method during the Ji life-span.A lot of oil wells are vertical drivings that kind.Shape placement in thin wall casing for the explosive It is limited to be placed on these explosives that predetermined hydrocarbon produces layer, its predominantly husky form.These shape explosive ignited with Crack in that region or passage.Pressure (hydraulic) water and husky mixture are pumped in well and are used for well volume increase.

This well Practice of Increasing still continues in vertical driving in well up to now.Until middle 1890s, Method is changed into unconventional by the Mitchell energy using two kinds of technology newly developed, and oil shale in place could economically be opened Adopt.The first new technique using is the exploitation that can turn to controllable drilling technology, and it can change vertically advances The direction of drill bit, and rotated into horizontal direction.This rotation can be realized under extremely short bending radius, and drill bit Then the considerable distance of horizontal drilling can be continued, enter oil shale.

The second technology needing is related to the exploitation of high pressure fracture pump, and it can realize every at 9 thousand to one ten thousand pounds in earth's surface The hydraulic pressure of square inch scope.Answer is the exploitation of the fracturing pump that can realize these stress levels under positive discharge capacity.Two kinds of skills Art is for being economically crucial for exploration of hydrocarbons gas and liquid in hard and soft rammell.Currently each company exploits gas Body and liquid hydrocarbon compound and mainly control the growth of microorganism using chemical productss.These eventually enter drinks water layer In.

Currently, the usual practice is that at the beginning or scene is killed in water mixing by chemical or other kinds of antimicrobial Microorganism in thing is so that the gas being maintained in oil shale basic unit and liquid hydrocarbon compound can flow freely into by backflow Aqueous mixtures and in the passage and crack vacated.Additionally, the passage being produced by fracturing process must be by initially passing through injection Aqueous mixtures be transported in the crack of fracture zone proppant to stay open.If microorganism is not killed, they will Rapidly breed, and if they are maintained in crack, they flow growing up and reducing or block completely from these cracks Hydrocarbonylation thing.Another prominent question of microorganism is to there may be such microbial strain, and it has affinity, for finding With the digestion any free sulfur of people or sulfide, and produce hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide must remove from the gas of any exploitation, because It is highly dangerous and carcinogenic material for it.The microorganism of these types must all be destroyed, if such asking will be avoided Topic.

In addition to the probability of microbial reproduction and the flowing of blocking hydrocarbonylation produce product, the solid of dissolving is in aqueous Presence be also injection one of aqueous mixtures problem.They can be deposited as squama or knot in same flow channel and crack Shell.These crust, if permitted to being deposited in these passages, also will reduce or block hydrocarbonylation thing to the flowing of earth's surface.In order to keep away Exempt from these situations, attempted in the current industrial practice so that the solid dissolving connects and attaches it to be present in aqueous mixtures Suspension or other jelly, it was removed before being expelled in well；However, these effort are only partly effective.For example, see, Denny,Dennis.(2012March).Fracturing-Fluid Effects on Shale and Proppant Embedment.JPT.pp.59-61.Kealser,Vic.(2012April).Real-Time Field Monitoring to Optimize Microbe Control.JPT.pp.30,32-33.Lowry,Jeff,et al.(2011December) .Haynesville trial well applies environmentally focused shale technologies.World Oil.pp.39-40,42.Rassenfoss,Stephen.(2012April).Companies Strive to Better Understand Shale Wells.JPT.pp.44-48.Ditoro,Lori K.(2011).The Haynesville Shale.Upstream Pumping Solutions.pp.31-33.Walser,Doug.(2011) .Hydraulic Fracturing in the Haynesville Shale:What’s Different？Upstream Pumping Solutions.pp.34-36.Denney,Dennis.(2012March).Stimulation Influence on Production in the Haynesville Shale:A Playwide Examination.JPT.pp.62- 66.Denney,Dennis.(2011January).Technology Applications.JPT.pp.20,22,26.Above-mentioned complete Portion is herein by reference to being incorporated into, for whole purposes.

In recent years, petroleum industry is attempted exploitation serial of methods to process these problems.Using UV light combined decrement Chemical antimicrobial be proved to only partly effective in terms of killing the microorganism carrying in water.When attempting to use superelevation Frequency sound waves are also such to kill during microorganism.However, this two systems all lack density and intensity come weak, short in only one The partial exposure of time and effectively kill the microorganism carrying in all water in the case of being practically without residual effect.Two are System needs some antimicrobials to effectively kill the whole microorganisms carrying in water.Additionally, some companies use low frequency or Low intensive electromagnetic wave generator is antimicrobial/coalescer；However, this is also proved to only slightly effective.

Thus, the purpose of further example is economically to process and satisfactorily solve the important main environment of industrial circle to ask Some in topic.The purpose of other examples is the needs eliminating to saltwater disposal well, eliminates toxic chemicals as anti-micro- life Agent is destroying the use of microorganism；And the water of all backflows of recovery or output is used for making in subsequent hydraulic fracturing operations again With.The example of the present invention provides the technically reasonable and economic of industrial a lot of public safety problems to fracturing consideration Upper feasible scheme.

Content of the invention

The benefit of various embodiments of the present invention includes needs less (or not) Waste brine, because substantially all insoluble Salt merged and be converted to particle, it is independent and is combined and is used for being included in the proppant reclaiming and fine grained In feedthrough material, for being melted by pyrolytic in rotary furnace.Similar, the example of the present invention eliminates and chemistry is resisted The needs of microorganism agent, because high intensity, variable, ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave generator killed before water is injected into stratum It is present in the microorganism in water.Electromagnetic wave also prevents the fouling on stratum, ties thus without adding in pressure break aqueous mixtures Scale inhibitors.As a result, the substantially all recirculation waters coming from fracturing operation are used again, wherein institute's solid material with a grain of salt It is recovered and is reconstructed into appropriate structuring and there is the proppant of appropriate size, in subsequent fracturing operation.Further, since not Stablize that organic component is burned and evaporation is it is not necessary to mud or other kinds of solid waste treatment facility.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the system for well fracturing operation is provided, including：First separator, including Mud entrance and the slurry outlet with the first water content；Second separator, has mud entrance, orientates reception as and is derived from first The mud of the slurry outlet of separator, and there is the slurry outlet of the second relatively low water content；Burn stove, orientate reception as and be derived from second The mud of the slurry outlet of separator, and there is outlet；Quenching unit, orientates the slag receiving from burning outlet of still as；Disintegrating machine, Orientate as and receive the quenched slag coming from quenching unit；Grinding machine, orientates as and receives crushed material from disintegrating machine；The One screen cloth, orientates as and receives ground material from grinding machine, and the size of this screen cloth is that the size of the first screen cloth determines proppant chi Very little coboundary；And second screen cloth, orientate the material receiving through the first screen cloth as, the size of the wherein second screen cloth determines The lower boundary of support agent size.In an example, system also includes orientating reception propping up between the first and second screen clothes as The proppant storage silo of support agent.In another embodiment, system also includes blender, orientates the proppant receiving from storehouse as. In more particularly embodiment, the first separator includes water out, and system also includes：Water storage box, orientates reception as from the The water of one separator, antimicrobial coalescer, orientate the water receiving from water storage box as, this coalescer has outlet, its feedback Deliver to blender, and at least one fracturing pump, receive at least proppant and water from blender, wherein fracturing pump produces for well The current of fracturing operation.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the mud that a method is provided for from extracting from pressure break hydrocarbonylation thing well produces The proppant of specific dimensions, the method includes：Water is separated from mud, obtains mud stream and liquid flow；By mud stream and granule Mixing, obtains feedthrough material；By the proppant material fusing in feedthrough material；The proppant material of quenching molten；Broken fusing Proppant material；The size of the broken material of setting is specific dimensions；And not be specific dimensions broken material with Feedthrough material mixes.In some examples of the present invention, this method also includes extracting mud from the production fluid from hydrocarbonylation thing well Slurry, wherein production fluid includes water and mud, and the separation of wherein mud leads at least two fluids, wherein said at least two plumes One current including basic liquid in body and the inclusion mud of another strand in described at least two fluids.For by mud from The example of the acceptable device of production fluid flow separation includes traditional three phase separator.

In at least one example, mixing includes：Efflux of solids is injected in burning stove；And granule is injected into burning stove In, the injection of wherein granule changes the viscosity of slag making materials, and wherein slag making materials includes efflux of solids and the granule of injection.Another In one example, injection granule enters and burns the viscosity that stove depends on slag making materials in burning stove, wherein when slag making materials glues suppression not excessively In burning stove during Uniform Flow, the injection of granule can be increased.In some instances, when the viscosity of slag making materials too low so that passing through When the flow rate of burning stove can not melt proppant material very much soon, the injection of granule reduces.

In another example, quenching is included with the proppant material of liquid flow spray fusing, and broken includes crushing through quenching The proppant material of fire and the proppant material of grinding crushing.

In another example, setting size includes screening and/or weight separates.

In some instances, fusing includes heating slag making materials, and wherein the labile element in slag making materials is by with gas phase Proppant material in release and slag making materials is melted.In some such examples, fusing material leaves the flowing burning stove Speed is measured, and the heating burnt in stove is adjusted based on measurement result.

In another example, this method is also included from the production fluid separation mud from hydrocarbonylation thing well, wherein production flow Body includes water and solid, and the separation of wherein mud leads at least two fluids, one bag in wherein said at least two fluids Include another strand of inclusion mud in the current of basic liquid and described at least two fluids.In at least one such example, The method also includes applying the current that electromagnetic field pulse arrives substantially liquid, wherein proppant before or after this applying with substantially The current mixing of liquid.

According to a further aspect in the invention, the mud that a system is provided for from extracting from pressure break hydrocarbonylation thing well produces spy The proppant of sizing scope, this system includes：From the detached device of mud, obtain mud stream and liquid flow for by water；With In the device mixing mud stream with granule, obtain feedthrough material；For the device melting the proppant material in feedthrough material Part；Device for the proppant material of quenching molten；Device for the proppant material of broken fusing；Broken for arranging Material size be specific dimensions device；And for not being that the broken material of specific dimensions is mixed with feedthrough material Device.In at least one example, it is not that the device of the broken material of specific dimensions includes the device for fusing for mixing Part.

An example for detached device includes at least two-phase laminated flow case, and it has funnel in lower end, and it has one Individual pipeline, is directed to the entrance of auger.Two-phase laminated flow case is using the principle (being with or without baffle plate) of gravity sedimentation unit. As being forbay from siphonic system to the replacement of gravity sedimentation unit, mud is forced to arrive feeding by auger Bucket.

In another example, for including the device of mud and granule mixing：For mud stream is injected in burning stove Device；And for granule is injected into the device burning in stove, the injection of wherein granule changes the viscosity of slag making materials, its Middle slag making materials includes mud stream and the granule of injection.Useful flows to, for injecting mud, an example burning the device in stove Including：From the auger for detached device to burning stove.When auger is towards hopper slurry conveyed stream, more Water leave.Alternative includes scraper conveyor belt, the device that bucket induction system is recognized with other those skilled in the art.With Include in the instantiation being expelled to sand in burning stove：Have variable drive bucket lifting carrier, its carry from storehouse Grain (for example husky), wherein specifically sand is located in storehouse.Variable drive allows the temperature value according to recording at burning outlet of still to change Husky amount.Temperature is related to viscosity.For example, when temperature changes around some set points of about 2200F, husky feeding with Temperature reduces and increases.It will raise with temperature and reduce.In more specifically example, the change for about 5% is not then entered Row changes, and when being higher than 5%, variable quantity will lead to increase or decrease one depend on specific burning stove, the feeding of proppant solid and its It skilled artisan understands that situation amount.Other examples for the device of injection include carrying conveyer or scraper plate conveying Machine or skilled artisan understands that other equivalents.

In another example, the device for quenching is included for propping up independent of the liquid fluid spray fusing of mud The device (for example passing through nozzle and/or water wall) of support agent material.Another alternative for coolant can be rapid for air Cold.In at least one example, it is deposited on the steel conveyor belt of mobile perforation from the hot solids mixture burning stove, it is put Put above water catch tray.When on tape, water is applied to mixture.

In a further example, include for broken device：For the device crushing quenched proppant material；With And for grinding the device of the proppant material of crushing.In such example, the device for crushing includes disintegrating machine, It has following details：Eccentric conic crasher (taper) is so that broken space can be varied to obtain various sizes.Substitute Disintegrating machine include：Jaw crusher, roller crusher, ball type crusher and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other etc. Valency thing.In some instances, the mixture solidifying caking is reduced to have at about 1/4 inch to about 1/2 inch by disintegrating machine The block of size range.

In some instances, the device for grinding includes the dismembyator of following classes：Rod mill, ball mill, autogenous tumbling mill, Benzvalene form grinding machine and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other equivalents.In at least some such example, broken material Moved by conveyer and be discharged into mixing/grinding unit, the size of material is reduced in this place；In at least one example, material The 98-99% of material passes through about 590 microns of #30 screen openings, and the material passing through has the size similar to sharp fine sand And intensity.

In some instances, the device for arranging size includes the screening washer with least one screen cloth.Acceptable One example of screening washer is vibration screen.If material passes through screen cloth, it is classified as " specific dimensions ".If too little, Then it can drop to the too low feed stream of size, and it is fed back to burn the entrance of the hopper of stove.If too big, it can be separated To the feed stream that size is too high, it is provided to the hopper of the porch burning stove.In at least one example, oversized and mistake Little stream was mixed before being injected into burning stove.Other acceptable devices for arranging size include fixed grit, rotation Turn screen cloth and (such as cyclone, broken material passes through it and/or the proportion in liquid solution for the detached device of weight Separate).The example of acceptable cyclone will be contemplated by those skilled in the art.Another include for detached acceptable device Specific gravity separation device in liquid solution.The example of the acceptable piece-rate system of the type will present to those skilled in the art.

According to another example, the device for melting includes the device for heating slag making materials, wherein in slag making materials Labile element discharged with gas phase and slag making materials in proppant material be melted.Such for heating slag making materials An example of device include slag making rotary furnace, tilting rotary table stove and horizontal stove, it has the ability of direct or indirect baking. Alternative device for melting the propellant material in feedthrough material includes：Non- slag making stove, vertical heater (such as Hull Xiao husband stove, Multilayer vertical stove), horizontal throw sintering furnace, and skilled artisan understands that other equivalents.In some instances, burn Stove operation is related to feed mud materials in burning stove, and adds proppant to start to melt mud materials together with proppant Process for the sintered material group of flowing.When mixture is moved downwardly to the floss hole burning stove, the temperature of mixture is due to burning Heat that the burner of stove produces and increase.Meanwhile, the viscosity of mixture raises with temperature and reduces.In the identical period, mix The organic material carrying in compound is burned, evaporates and is discharged into exhaust chimney, leaves the solid material mixture of flowing.Should Flowing mixture viscosity by increase or decrease by burn stove burner release heat adjust, by increase or relatively It is added to the proppant of mixture less to adjust, or adjusted by both.

Some examples of the present invention also include the device of the flow rate for measurement from the fusing material burning stove output.With Example in the device of the flowing from the fusing material burning stove output for the measurement includes providing the temperature sensor of signal.Substitute of equal value Device will be contemplated by those skilled in the art.For the device burning the heat in stove is adjusted in another embodiment based on this measurement In be provided.Example for being adjusted the device burning the heat in stove based on this measurement is included：Changed defeated based on measured temperature Enter to the proppant flow burning stove, and the speed changing to the The fuel stream burning burner, to increase or decrease by burning stove release Heat amount.

As described above, the separation of the mud always fluid of artesian well leads at least two fluids, wherein said at least two plumes One in body includes the current of substantially liquid.And, in more detailed example, for applying electromagnetic pulse to substantially liquid Device in current is provided.For applying electromagnetic pulse at least one example of the device of the current of substantially liquid in the U.S. Disclosed in the patent No. 6063267, it is incorporated herein by reference for whole purposes.For the equipment described in this patent at this Used in each example of invention, alternative includes：Traditional antimicrobial/coalescer (chemistry, electronics and machinery), such as It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.

In at least one example, the certain pulses of applying have following properties：In the range of between about 10 to 80kHz Variable, ultra-high frequency.There is the other of the frequency that be enough to kill microorganism present in water and make undissolved solids foul The particular characteristics that pulse will be contemplated by those skilled in the art and depending on the water in certain well.Pulse will generally destroy The cell of microorganism.

In the yet another embodiment of the present invention, the device for being mixed proppant with the current of substantially liquid is provided (to be used In mixing before or after above-mentioned applying).The example of the device for mixing proppant with water includes blender, such as ability (the such as case with screen cloth or opening grid that field technique personnel will be understood that.In some instances, surface tension reducer is also added It is added in blender, other components are the same as understood by a person skilled in the art.This mixture is then provided to increase mixing The device (such as fracturing pump-also known as " pressurizer "-as understood by a person skilled in the art) of thing pressure and the mixture pressurizeing It is injected in well.

In a further example, proppant is by exploiting and/or the water that flows back and other sources are using burning stove, disintegrating machine, grinding machine Be made for specific dimensions with the combination of screen cloth, with produce those skilled in the art recognize required various in fracturing operation Size.See, for example, Mining Engineering, " Industrial Materials ", pp.59-61, June 2012 (www.miningengineering magazine.com), entire contents are incorporated herein by reference.Various sizes are passed through Using grinding machine and screen cloth adjust.

In a further example, method be provided for process from hydrocarbonylation thing well hydrocarbonylation thing well frac water (it include " return Stream " and " exploitation " water), wherein the method includes：Solid is separated from frac water, wherein obtains the water with suspended solid Stream；Current are separated into multi-strand flow；Always produce positive charge in multi-strand flow, obtain the positively charged current of multiply；Described After generation, current positively charged for multiply are mixed.In another example, the method also includes：Monitoring oil/water interface level； With the oil/water interface level controlling in the separator.

In more particularly example, method also includes slowing down the flow rate of multi-strand flow, has particle to being less than Current flow rate.Slow down flow rate to allow producing the bigger time of staying during the step of positive charge.This increases Add the quantity of the positive charge in water, it is considered beneficial for the microorganism killed in water and has been injected into ground in water Residual positive charge is provided within a period, wherein hydrocarbonylation thing will be exploited from this stratum when in layer.The positive electricity in water in stratum The presence of lotus is be sure of to be beneficial to reduce the presence that various flowings in stratum reduce structure.

In another particular instance, the method for producing positive charge in current includes processing multiply using electromagnetic flux Per share device in current.

In a further example, most of less than about 100 microns of suspended solid.In some such examples, suspended solid Substantially all less than about 100 microns.In more restricted example set, most of less than about 10 microns of suspended solid.Entering one Walk in restricted example set, substantially all less than about 10 microns of suspended solid.By reducing the size of particle so that working as The softer material (such as PVC) close to 100 microns and as solid for the suspended solid close to 10 microns or less when can pass through Passed through by water using such as stainless steel pipes and be practically applicable to produce the equipment of positive charge in water with reasonable cost.

And in some other examples, separate and include two-stage separation.In at least one such example, two-stage separates wraps Include：Make frac water pass through three phase separator, wherein obtain the water from three phase separator output；And make defeated from three phase separator The water going out passes through two phase separator.In at least one such method, three phase separator includes thering is at least four outlets Four material separation devices, including：Mud, there is suspended solid in water therein, hydrocarbonylation thing liquid body and hydrocarbonylation thing gas.

According to the yet another embodiment of the present invention, system is provided for processing the hydrocarbonylation thing well frac water from hydrocarbonylation thing well, Wherein this system includes：From the detached device of frac water, wherein obtain the current with suspended solid for by solid；For inciting somebody to action Current are separated into the device of multi-strand flow；For always producing the device of positive charge in multi-strand flow, obtain multiply positively charged Current；And the device for mixing current positively charged for multiply.

In at least one such system, include three-phase, four material separation devices for detached device.For example, more In specific example, also include the second two phase separator for detached device, this two phase separator includes entrance, for from three The current of phase gs-oil separator, and outlet, for having the current of suspended solid.In another example, additionally provide：For supervising The device of oil-control/water termination level；With the device for controlling oil/water interface level in the first and second separators.One In individual such example, the device for monitoring includes oil/water interface level indicator and control valve sensor (such as level joint control System processed).

In some instances, the device for current are separated into multi-strand flow includes collector, and it has ingress port, uses There are the current of suspended solid in reception, and multiple outlet port, each has less than the cross-sectional area of the entrance of collector Cross-sectional area；And the cross-sectional area sum of wherein outlet port is more than the cross-sectional area of ingress port, thus leaves collection The flow rate of pipe is less than the flow rate entering collector.In at least one example, collector includes 1：12 collectors (are for example going out There is in mouth port 4 inches of cross-sectional diameter, and there is in ingress port bigger diameter of section).In alternate example, Include waterwheel for separated flow for the device of multi-strand flow, it has multiple cabins, each cabin receives a part for current.

In another example, the device for producing positive charge is included for being processed in multi-strand flow using electromagnetic flux Per share device.In at least one such example, for processing one the device every in multi-strand flow using electromagnetic flux Including：Pipeline and at least one solenoid, it has substantially coaxial with pipeline axis.In some such examples, pipe Road comprises non-conducting material substantially.In some such examples, pipeline comprises stainless steel material substantially.In various examples, Additionally provide a kind of ringing-current switching circuit being connected to coil.In some such examples, ringing-current switching circuit is in about 10kHz With the operation of Full wave shape pattern under frequency between about 80kHz.

In a further example, the device for mixing includes collector, and it has entering of the current positively charged for multiply Mouth port (multiple) and outlet port.In such example, the device for mixing also includes well frac water and props up Support agent blender.In various embodiments, most of less than about 100 microns of suspended solid.In some such examples, suspend solid Substantially all less than about 100 microns of body.In more restricted example set, most of less than about 10 microns of suspended solid.Entering In the restricted example set of one step, substantially all less than about 10 microns of suspended solid.

In more specific examples, include two-stage separator for detached device.In such example, should Two-stage separator includes：Three phase separator, it has the water out of the entrance being connected to two phase separator.In a further example, Three phase separator includes the four material separation devices with least four outlets, including：Mud, there is suspended solid in therein Water, hydrocarbonylation thing liquid body and hydrocarbonylation thing gas.

In another example of the present invention, system is provided for processing hydrocarbonylation thing well frac water, and this system includes：Multiphase Separator；Collector, has the ingress port being connected to multiphase separator outlet, and multiple outlet port；Multiple pipelines, each tool Coil is had to be wrapped on pipeline, wherein each pipeline has inlet end portion, it is connected to the outlet port of collector, and each pipeline There is outlet end；Mixing collector, has the ingress port of the outlet end being connected to the plurality of pipeline.

In at least one such system, proppant-water mixer is further provided with, and it is connected to going out of mixing collector Mouthful.

In at least one such system, multiphase separator includes multiple-stage separator.In more specifically example, multistage Separator includes two-stage separator, wherein：The first order in two-stage separator is included in three phase separator and two-stage separator The second level includes two phase separator.In more specifically example, three phase separator includes four material separation devices, and it includes profit circle Face control system.

In the yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided for controlling at the total water of three phase separator/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface Method, wherein the method includes：Water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface is set up in three phase separator；Measurement three phase separator in water/ Liquid hydrocarbon compound interface, wherein obtains water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface level measurement signal；By water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface level measurement signal Compare with set point, obtain comparison signal；Reduce hydrocarbonylation when being higher than set point at comparison signal instruction water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface Thing well frac water enters the flowing of three phase separator, and is less than set point at comparison signal instruction water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface Shi Zengjia enters the flowing of three phase separator, wherein increases flowing and includes coming the hydrocarbonylation thing well frac water of artesian well and be derived from storage box Or the supplementary water in pond.

In a further example, method also includes：When enter three phase separator flowing reduce when with phase same rate reduce from Open the flowing of three phase separator to balance it；And for speed being balanced with identical when increasing in the flowing entering three phase separator The flowing of three phase separator is left in rate increase.

In another example, there is provided for controlling the system at the total water of three phase separator/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface, its In this system include：For setting up the device at water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface in three phase separator；For measuring three phase separator The device at middle water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface, wherein obtains water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface level measurement signal；For by water/liquid hydrocarbonylation The device that thing interface level measurement signal is compared with set point, obtains comparison signal；One device, for indicating water/liquid in comparison signal State hydrocarbonylation thing interface is higher than to reduce, during set point, the flowing that hydrocarbonylation thing well frac water enters three phase separator, and for comparing Signal designation water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface is less than during set point increases the flowing entering three phase separator, wherein increases flowing bag Include hydrocarbonylation thing well frac water and supplement water.

In at least one example, the device for setting up water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface includes barrier film weir.In another example In, the device for measuring water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface includes liquid level indicator and controls type sensor.In another example In, water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface level measurement signal is compared including continuous capacitance level transmitter with set point.

In some instances, the device for reducing and increasing to the flowing in three phase separator includes turbine types flow Meter and the inlet type control valve alignd with three phase separator entrance.

In a further example, additionally provide：One device, for being used for phase when reducing when the flowing entering three phase separator Same rate reduces and balances the flowing leaving three phase separator；And be used for when the flowing entering three phase separator increases with phase The flowing of three phase separator is left in same balancing speed increase.

In at least one such example, the device for increasing and reducing the flowing leaving three phase separator is included even It is connected to the effusion meter of the water out of three phase separator.In another example, for increasing and reducing the stream leaving three phase separator Dynamic device includes controlling the cellular type flow controller of the water out of three phase separator.

The example of the present invention is shown in the drawings further, and it is schematically and to be not intended to engineering or assembling figure and be not Pro rata.Various parts are illustrated by symbol；Additionally, in each position, " window " that enter all parts shows material Flowing from a position to another position.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that what part was generally closed.Accompanying drawing and In explanation, any content is understood not to limit the technology of the various technology that any claim terms are related to this specification Other implications outside the general meaning of personnel.

In at least one example, include from the method for the hydrocarbonylation produce amount of subsurface formations for increasing：Produce ionizing Fluid, from landscape position pumping ionised fluid at least one of hydrocarbonylation thing well underground position；On at least one ground described Pressurize at lower position ionised fluid；Reduce pressure at punch position ionised fluid, wherein at least a portion of ionised fluid Landscape position is returned in the case of comprising suspension material.In other instances, the method is also included at least one underground Eleven punch 11 is entered in position.

In at least one other example, the method also includes carrying out pressure break at least one underground position.In another reality In example, the method also includes isolating at least one underground position described from least a portion of hydrocarbonylation thing well.

In a further example, ionised fluid described in the method stops the corrosion of hydrocarbonylation thing well.In a further example, should Ionised fluid composition described in method includes the water of at least 50 percent volume.

In another example, ionised fluid includes positively charged water.In a further example, the method also include by from Sonization fluid and mixed with proppants.

According to another example, the ionized fluid of the method is produced by water is exposed to the impact of electromagnetic field.Another In example, in the method, the impact of electromagnetic field is with up to 360 all-wave pulsation per second.In a further example, the method The impact of middle electromagnetic field is with the all-wave pulsation per second higher than 80 times.

In a further example, in the method, particle includes calcio particle.

In a further example, the method is also included a part for the fluid reclaiming from well backflow.In a further example, should Method is also included a part for the fluid reclaiming from well exploitation.In a further example, the method also includes exploiting ionizing Fluid the part being recovered.In a further example, the ionised fluid being generated in the method includes reclaiming fluid, exploitation Fluid and fluid replacement.

In more particularly example, include from the system of the hydrocarbonylation produce amount of subsurface formations for increasing：For produce from The device of sonization fluid；For conveying ionised fluid to the device of at least one fracture zone of subsurface formations from earth's surface；With Device in the ionised fluid that pressurizes at least one fracture zone described；For protecting at least one fracture zone described Hold the device of pressure；For the device of the ionised fluid that reduces pressure at least one fracture zone described, wherein ionised fluid A part return to earth's surface in the case of comprising the particle on stratum.In a further example, for producing ionizing stream The device of body also includes the device for processing water using electromagnetic field effects.

In a further example, the device being used for producing electromagnetic field effects in this system includes：Pipeline, and at least one electricity Magnetic coil, it has the axis with pipeline almost coaxial.In a further example, in this system the impact of electromagnetic field with higher than 80 Secondary all-wave frequency per second produces.

In a further example, ionised fluid described in this system includes the water of at least 50 percent volume.

In a further example, in this system the impact of electromagnetic field with up to 360 pulse all-wave frequencies per second Produce.In a further example, in this system, electromagnetic field effects eliminate the most of microorganism in ionised fluid.

In a further example, this system also includes adding proppant to the device of ionised fluid.In a further example, should The device adding proppant to ionised fluid described in system includes blender.

In another example, it is used in system transmitting ionised fluid to the device of the fracture zone of subsurface formations from earth's surface Including coiled tubing.

In a further example, the device being used for pressurization ionised fluid at fracture zone in system includes at least one pressure Split pump.

In a further example, it is used in system keeping the device of pressure to include at least one packer at fracture zone.

In a further example, the device being used for decompression ionised fluid at fracture zone in system includes coiled tubing. In another example, system also includes piercing mechanism, is attached to the coiled tubing being suitable to balance at least one packer.

In another example, system also includes the device for recirculation reflux fluid, the wherein reflux fluid of recirculation A part be used to ionised fluid.In another example, system is also included for backflow is separated into water and at least A kind of device of other materials.

In another example, the ionized fluid of system includes positively charged water.In another example, system also includes For the device of recirculation production fluid, a part for the wherein production fluid of recirculation is used to ionised fluid.? In another example, system is also included for production fluid is separated into water and the device of at least one other materials.

In more specifically example, include from the method for the hydrocarbonylation produce amount of subsurface formations for increasing：Produce ionizing Fluid；Enter back into stratum；The position selecting close at least one of hydrocarbonylation thing well；From landscape position pumping ionised fluid to The subsurface formations at position that at least one of hydrocarbonylation thing well selects；Pressurize at the position of at least one selection described ion Change fluid；Reduce pressure at the position that at least one selects ionised fluid, and wherein at least a portion of ionised fluid is comprising Landscape position is returned in the case of suspension material.In a further example, the method also include eliminate ionised fluid in big Part microorganism.In a further example, ionised fluid composition described in the method includes the water of at least 50 percent volume.

In another example, the ionized fluid of method includes positively charged water.

In another example, the ionized fluid of the method is produced by making fluid stand the impact of electromagnetic field.Again In one example, in the method, the impact of electromagnetic field is with the all-wave pulsation per second higher than 80 times.In a further example, in the method The impact of electromagnetic field is with up to 360 all-wave pulsation per second.

In a further example, in the method, particle includes calcio particle.In a further example, the method is also wrapped Include and the position of at least one selection described is isolated from least a portion of hydrocarbonylation thing well.

In other instances, the method also includes entering eleven punch 11 to the position that at least one selects.

In other instances, the method also includes carrying out pressure break to the position that at least one selects.

In a further example, the method is also included ionised fluid and mixed with proppants.In a further example, the method Also include isolating the position of at least one selection described from the position of the second selection.

In a further example, the method also includes installing at least one packer with by least one position of selecting described At least a portion isolation from hydrocarbonylation thing well.

In other instances, the method also includes getting out at least one packer described.

In more specifically example, increase and include from the method for the yield of subsurface layer：Produced using electromagnetic field effects Ionised fluid；Pumping ionised fluid is to subsurface layer；And the region of previous perforation is exposed to the ionizing of pressurization Fluid；Wherein increase after ionised fluid is depressurized from the yield of subsurface, wherein the region of previously perforation by Previously pressure break, also includes the region of pressure break previously perforation, and also includes selection region to be exposed to ionised fluid.

In other instances, the method also includes entering eleven punch 11 to the region selecting.In another example, the method is also wrapped The zone isolation including the region of pressure break selection and selecting.In a further example, the method also include with ionised fluid plus Press the region of selection.In a further example, the method also includes the pressure predetermined amount of time in the region keep selection.Another In example, the method is also included the pressure in the region discharging selection.In a further example, the method is also included ionizing Fluid and mixed with proppants.

In more specifically example, the equipment for hydrocarbonylation thing well fracturing operation includes：Electromagnetic field generator, has first Fluid inlet port and first fluid outlet port；At least one fracturing pump, has and is connected to the first-class of electromagnetic field generator The second fluid ingress port of body outlet port；And continuous oil pipe device, there is the company being connected to second fluid outlet port Continuous oil pipe entrance, and this equipment also includes at least one well fracturing tool of being attached to coiled tubing.In another embodiment, if For also including at least one well perforating tool, it is attached to coiled tubing.In a further example, equipment also includes at least one pipe Road, in electromagnetic field generator, is positioned between first fluid ingress port and first fluid outlet port.

In another embodiment, equipment also includes at least one solenoid, and it is around at least one pipeline.In another reality Apply in example, equipment also includes at least one completion tool, it is attached to the end of coiled tubing.

In a further example, equipment is additionally included in the well head of hydrocarbonylation thing Jing Dibiaochu, wherein coiled tubing pass through well head with Hydrocarbonylation thing well connects.In a further example, equipment also includes the reflux pipeline from import, and it has outlet port.In another reality In example, equipment also includes the reflux pipeline outlet port being connected to separator, and separator has ingress port and at least one goes out Mouth port.In a further example, equipment also includes at least one separator outlet port, and it is connected on electromagnetic field generator Second entrance port.

Brief description

Fig. 1 is the view in well site, shows the flowing of the various materials of each example for the present invention；

Fig. 2A and 2B, when connecting along their corresponding dotted lines, is the side view of the example of the present invention；

Fig. 2A 1 is the alternative of the embodiment of Fig. 2A；

Fig. 2 C be the present invention at least one example used in control system schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 A and 3B, when being connected by overlapping member on their dotted line side, be Fig. 2A and 2B example flat Face figure；

Fig. 3 C and 3D is the elevation view of the one side of example and the side view of Fig. 2A -2B and Fig. 3 A-3B respectively；

Fig. 4 is the plane graph of another example of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the top view of the example of Fig. 4；

Fig. 6 is the view in well site, shows the flowing of the various materials of each example for the present invention；

Fig. 7 is the view in well site, shows the flowing of the various materials of each example for the present invention；

Fig. 8 is the top view of the example of the present invention；

Fig. 9 is the side view of the example of the present invention；

Figure 10 A is the side view of the supporting leg 100 of Fig. 8；

Figure 10 B is the top view of the base 101 of Figure 10 A；

Figure 11 is the section view of the line A intercepting through Fig. 9；

Figure 12 is the section view of the line C intercepting through Fig. 8；

Figure 13 is the section view of the line B intercepting through Fig. 8；

Figure 14 A is the top view of the part of the example of the present invention；

Figure 14 B is the section view of the part of Figure 14 A；

Figure 15 be the present invention example used in control system schematic diagram；

Figure 16 be the present invention example used in system schematic diagram；

Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of the control system that embodiment according to the present invention uses；

Figure 18 is the perspective view of the example of the present invention；

Figure 19 is the perspective view implementing assembly of the invention；

Figure 20 is the decomposition view of the piping unit of the device of Figure 19；

Figure 21 is the longitudinal sectional view of the piping unit intercepting through Figure 19；

Figure 22 is the simplification layout of the piping unit of Figure 19；

Figure 23 is the detailed maps of the circuit of the piping unit of Figure 19；

Figure 24 shows the diagram of the specific waveforms shape being produced in run duration by the piping unit of Figure 19；

Figure 25 is analogous to Fig. 4 but shows the layout of the modification embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 26 is analogous to Figure 21 but shows the view of the modification embodiment of the present invention, and wherein piping unit only has One coil around liquid flow conduits；

Figure 27 is similar to Figure 23 but to show the detailed layout of the circuit of the piping unit for Figure 27；

Figure 28 is the chart of the presently preferred value of some parameters of the device enumerating Figure 19 to 24；

Figure 29 is the view in well site, shows the flowing of the various materials of each example for the present invention, including pumping Ionizing water is in stratum；

Figure 30 is the diagram of the punched areas being exposed to ionised fluid；

Figure 31 is the position illustrating and showing field and power of ζ (zeta) principle.

Specific embodiment

With reference now to Fig. 1, the flow chart of use in hydrocarbonylation thing well for the present invention, this hydrocarbonylation thing well has well 1, its tool There is the sleeve pipe 3 of the cement injection through the fracture zone isolated by packer.Oil pipe 9 is inserted, for this area by drilling cramp 11 Fracturing operation known to the skilled person.

Backflow (and/or generation) water is directed into three-phase solid/liquid/gas/hydrocarbonylation thing/water separator 10, owns Hydrocarbonylation thing liquid body or gas produce from it, and the water from separator 10 is directed into frac water storage box 17, and it can also wrap Include the water from other sources (also referred to as " supplementing " water).Wet solid advances to two phase separator 14 from three phase separator 10, its Produce water, this water advances to quenching system 32 and sliming, then proceeds to exsiccator 24.Slag is advanced through from exsiccator 24 Quenching system 32 arrives disintegrating machine 40 and and then arrives dismembyator 46.Then grinding-material is separated into specific dimensions at screen cloth 50, It is then sent to proppant storage silo 26, and this proppant storage silo can also include proppant from other sources (for example Husky supply).Water is provided to antimicrobial/coalescer unit 13.Proppant is provided to blender 15 from storehouse 26, water from Antimicrobial/coalescer unit 13 is provided to blender 15；The water of mixing and proppant in being provided to fracturing pump 19, Its by mixture pumping in well, there its pressure break oil shale layer 21.Other additives can be provided to mixing by expectation Device 15.Additionally, in alternate example, proppant can be added to water before antimicrobial/coalescer unit 13.

The example of the present invention produces a series of proppants of various specific dimensions from mud, and described mud is drawn from waterpower pressure The hydrocarbonylation thing well splitting.

It can be seen that more instantiation in Fig. 2A and 2C and Fig. 3 A-3D.In instances, mud is drawn from tiring out Amass the gravitational settling mud in conventional three phase separation case 10 (it is the conventional design for those skilled in the art) bottom.In figure In the particular instance of 2A, as those skilled in the art contemplate, water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface level contributes to any liquid hydrocarbon Compound product from flow back or exploitation current (its enter separator 10 when be under pressure) separation and reclaim (by inside Or the dipperstick of outside installation).This indicator sends level measuring signal to pre-programmed low-level/high level flow cavitation result Data integrator (not shown).When the water level in separator 10 arrives at high-level set point, data integrator actuated control valve (not shown), it controls and reduces entrance three phase separator by the flowing (being designated " entrance water ") of water feed conduit 10a The water yield, and flow rate continues to decrease up to and enters the point quilt that the water yield is equal with the water yield being extracted from three phase separator or balances Reach.If on the contrary, the water level in three phase separator 10 is fallen under low level set point, data integrator will actuate simultaneously Open the control valve in inlet duct 10a further, in order to increase the flow of current or speed so as to be enough to stable interface water Flat.If the water of this additional amount is not enough to maintenance level face at the level of interface, integrator actuates pump (not shown) and beats Open another control valve (not shown), it is positioned at the discharge tube (not shown) of water tank 17 (Fig. 1).This discharge tube is connected To inlet duct 10a；The water being thus derived from frac water storage box 17 is continuously introduced to three phase separation together with backflow or production of water Device, the water level in separator 10 reaches suitable interface level.Then, supplement water control valve to close and make-up pump quilt Close.This control sequence is necessary, in order to realize the separation of any liquid hydrocarbon compound product and recovery steady statue and Ongoing operation stability, described hydrocarbonylation produce thing is transported to three phase separator by backflow or production of water feed stream.

Weir and shutter configuration (commonly known as gas oil separation unit) are by using interface level as in the separator The maximum height of water, and allow lighter liquid hydrocarbon compound to float on water layer top and and then flow across liquid hydrocarbon compound at it The weir of product and after being sucked at hydrocarbonylation thing liquid state product exit flange connecting portion, is sucked and produces as liquid hydrocarbon compound Thing, and contribute to separation and the recovery of liquid hydrocarbon compound product (if any).Horizontal baffle under weir limits may The amount of the water carrying, it can be mixed with liquid hydrocarbon compound product stream.When backflow or production of water stream enter three phase separator 10, let out Pressure is by lighter hydrocarbonylation thing gas release, and their release contributes to the floating of liquid hydrocarbon compound product, and gaseous state hydrocarbonylation Produce thing passes through to export the release of 10c.Water flows out separator 10 by pipeline 10b, to regulating box (not shown) and then Water tank 17 (Fig. 1) is returned to by pumping.

From separator 10, mud is moved upward to biphase water/solid and divides by Motor drive positive discharge capacity diaphragm type sludge pump 12 From the entrance opening of case 14, obtain efflux of solids 16 and liquid flow 18, it is by pump 19 pumping to quencher (being masked as " Q ").From two The bottom of phase water/solid separator box 14, bucket elevator carrier 20 is by the mud materials precipitating from water/solid separator box 14 Low portion is delivered up from water level, and they are discharged into feeding hopper 22 (Fig. 2 B).This discharge is visible in fig. 2, works as edge Dotted line to advance, dotted line is connected to the left side of Fig. 2 B by it, mud can be observed in this place and accumulate in slag making rotary combustion stove 24 So that the water of mud is maintained in water/solid separator box 14 and lifter 20 in feeding hopper 22.As a result, all separation exist Execute rather than in pressure vessel (as present practice) under atmospheric pressure.

In feeding hopper 22, mud materials from water/mud separator box and the particular support agent (Fig. 1) from storehouse 26 And the too small or excessive solid material mixing from final screening unit 50 (described below).

When the fusing step for proppant material is carried out, inorganic proppant material is molten into homogeneous substance, and can The unstable organic material that can be Already in derived from the feed stream of water/solid separator box 14 is burned and evaporates, so Gas is finally discharged into air vent 30 afterwards.

When it comes across the outlet of stove 24, the proppant material left from revolving burner 24 is quenched by current, to reduce material The temperature of material.In some instances, the material of discharge flow on the stainless steel conveyor belt of Motor drive 35 of perforation, and water passes through Spreader nozzle 34 sweeps away on the band 35 of motion, thus solidifies and cooling proppant material.Water for the proppant material that quenches Come from water/solid separator box 14 (referring to Fig. 2A), by using such as Motor drive centrifugal pump 19 so that water is pushed to Fig. 3 B Quenching nozzle 34.Superfluous water catch tray 36 is positioned in below conveyer belt 35, has collected and reclaimed any unnecessary quenching water And be conveyed by the pipeline flowing to return " R " of Motor drive centrifugal pump 21 and Fig. 2A and return to water/solid separator box 14.

When its proppant material of heat that quenches when stove 24 is discharged, quench due to the ununiform shrinkage of proppant material and quickly The high internal stress that fire leads to leads to random, temperature difference crack or crackle in a large number.Various sizes of backing material is directly discharged to Materials reduction 40.

In certain embodiments, crush or crush big irregular proppant material and reduce their size by ability Motor drive known to field technique personnel, vertical axes, eccentric conical or jaw crusher are implemented.The degree of size reduction is passed through to change Changing distance or crushing gap, to adjust, thus allow the different materials size of a scope to be generated, such as those skilled in the art Known.

The size setting of proppant material is to be broken by grinding after disintegrating machine bottom discharge in proppant material Proppant material realize.In the example shown, material is conveyed upwards into ball grinding machine 46 by bucket hoist conveyor 44. In at least one alternate example, rod-type grinding machine is used.Grinding machine 46 is by changing rotation, the size of the bar in grinding machine 46 or ball To adjust with interval to grind proppant for different specific dimensions scopes.

The proppant material being ground flows downwards through the milling zone of grinding machine by gravity, and is discharged into vibrosieve 50 On, there mesh opening is selectively set size to specific screen value.For example, for soft mineral shale, mesh is opened Mouth is 590 micrometer ranges or #30 screen cloth.For example, for hard mineral shale, mesh opening will be 150 micrometer ranges or #100 Screen cloth.The proppant material of appropriate size flows downwards through selected size screen cloth under gravity, leaves at " A " place.Too Proppant material that is big and cannot pass through the vibration screen 53 of inclination escape on band 51a (referring to Fig. 3 B), and remaining material Drop to screen cloth 55.Proppant material between screen cloth 53 and 55 size as just size proppant " A " place from Open, and be transported to storehouse 26 (Fig. 1).Cross undersized proppant and drop on band 51a, too small and excessive the propping up of its delivery size To band 51b, then proppant transport is returned to stove 24 by elevator 25 by it for support agent.Fig. 3 A and 3B shows the example of the present invention Top view, wherein part is installed on trailer or balladeur train, described trailer or balladeur train at well site with antimicrobial and its Its unit construction (such as Figure 4 and 5).Such trailer or balladeur train in certain embodiments by leveling jack 81 come leveling.

As illustrated in figures 3 c and 3d, elevator 25 by material be put into feeding hopper 22 top, and elevator 23 by material from Storehouse is put in feeding hopper 22 by feeding the opening hopper 22 from reduced levels.

The proppant material stream of appropriate size is fed to particular support agent container (not shown) by gravity, for conveying To particular support agent storehouse 26 (Fig. 1), it can also comprise the particular support agent coming from another source.

With reference now to Fig. 2 B, it is desirable to control proppant to feed the viscosity of mixture, support optimum fusion temperature to obtain Stability (is about 2200 degree of Fahrenheit temperature in some instances.When proppant feeding mixture temperature due to stove 24 in heat and During rising, melt temperature in proppant mixture for the process that various inorganic material are homogeneous viscous material and arrive at silicon dioxide Or sand fusion temperature when realize.The viscosity of proppant material is the function of the temperature of material itself.Such control passes through respectively The mode of kind is realized.

In at least one example, when leaving stove, the temperature of fusing material is measured, by those skilled in the art The mode known, the such as optic temperature sensor in quenching system 32.If temperature is higher than the fusing point of material, material is excessively Liquid, then the fuel arriving stove is reduced.Meanwhile, more particular support agent can be added to feeding hopper 22.This affects this temperature Degree, because being not uniformly from mud materials and being not dry；Add the proppant from storehouse and balance this polytropy.

With reference now to Fig. 2 C, it can be seen that schematic diagram, wherein sensor 67 temperature signal that stove 24 exports is sent to long-pending Divide device 69.Integrator 69 then controls buncher 90 (Fig. 3 A), its operation elevator 23 (referring further to Fig. 3 B), this elevator 23 Convey proppant from the bottom in proppant storehouse 26 and be discharged to slag making revolving burner feeding hopper 22.Different materials stream is in feedback Mix in feeding funnel 22, then they enter the rotating roller of stove 24.Need to be added to the material from water/solid separator box 14 The ratio of particular support agent of stream and amount adjust according to the change of component of the material from water/solid separator box 14.This increases Plus stove 24 proppant material used in fusion process feeds the inhomogeneities of mixture.In at least one example, if Temperature is too high, and the fuel to burner is reduced；If this also could not correct this problem, will be increased by the amount of the proppant of stove Greatly.Similarly, if temperature is too low, the fuel to burner is reduced, and if this is useless, the amount of proppant is subtracted Few.Alternative arrangement will be contemplated by those skilled in the art.

Refer back to Fig. 2 C, integrator 69 also control valve 63, to increase or decrease the supply that fuel 61 arrives burner 65.

Refer again to Fig. 1, an example of the present invention illustrates wherein, where it can be seen that separator 10 feeding mud arrives Separator 14, and the water from separator 10 and new " supplement " (in case 17) combination, to be used for noting in new fracture job Penetrate.This group is collaborated by U.S. Patent number 6, and the battery antimicrobial/coalescer 13 of that type described in 063,267 is processed, It is hereby incorporated by for any purpose (selling commercially as Dolphin model 2000), and it is at least one It is arranged in example give the electromagnetic pulse with following characteristic：Selectable, variable and between about 10-80KHz In the range of Frequency Adjustable.Such pulse be enough to kill microorganism, and makes positive charge be applied to water so that the solid of dissolving Can coalesce in well or precipitate.

Figure 4 and 5 are respectively the system being arranged on trailer or balladeur train including one group of antimicrobial/coalescer 70a-70l The side view of example and top view, it is organized as connecing with the type of flow rate used in usual shale fracturing operation Receive the water of pressure break case.Such unit is run by electric control panel 72, and this electric control panel connects on head power supply and controls even It is connected to the distribution rail 73 of power feed part 71a-71l on head.Electric power is supplied by electromotor 75, its rotating generator 77, this Motor connection to feeding power part 79, for supplying electric power in the manner known to persons skilled in the art.

With reference now to Fig. 2A 1, it is shown as being the alternative of the embodiment of Fig. 2A, the wherein level of two phase separator 14 Identical with the level of three phase separator 10.In such embodiments, there is the fluid communication by membrane pump 12, and case is in So that gas-liquid interface is in phase same level under atmospheric pressure.

With reference now to Fig. 6, according to another example of the present invention, there is provided a kind of hydrocarbon being derived from hydrocarbonylation thing well for process The system of compound well frac water, this system include for by solid from the detached device of frac water, including three-phase, four material separation Device 10, wherein finally gives and has the current of suspended solid and be finally transported to frac water storage box 17.At this, so-called " benefit Water-filling " can be added to frac water storage box 17, and current pass through (hereafter detailed for the device of multi-strand flow for separated flow State)；Advance to in multi-strand flow produce positive charge device (one group of antimicrobial coalescer for example as above or Unit), wherein finally obtain the positively charged current of multiply.For mix the positively charged current of multiply device more uniformly It is distributed in the positive charge in water, then current advance to blender 14, for for using in subsequent well fracturing operation.

Fig. 7 shows example, wherein further includes the second level, two phase separator 14, this two-phase for detached device Separator includes the entrance for receiving the current from three-phase gs-oil separator.From three phase separator current in separator Centre portion be obtained, most of solid drops out in bottom, as mentioned above simultaneously.However, the water bag from three phase separator Include suspended solid, it can damage antimicrobial coalescer or unit.Therefore, in one exemplary embodiment, from three-phase separate It is transported to the entrance of two phase separator 14 from the current of device 10, this two phase separator 14 also includes exporting, and is used for having less The current of suspended solid.Two phase separator 14 also makes solid drop out from its underpart section in forming sludge process.From three The mud of phase separator 10 and two phase separator 14 is further processed (for example as described above) or solves in some other way.

With reference now to Fig. 8 and 9, it can be seen that according to the useful three-phase of some embodiments of the present invention, four material separation devices 90 example and the position of three phase separator 10.Separator 90 includes entrance 92, slurry outlet 94, liquid hydrocarbon compound outlet 98 and Gas outlet 80.Referring further to Figure 10 A, separator 90 supports (lower limb includes base 101, as shown in Figure 10 B) by lower limb 100, and it is welded It is connected to the sidepiece of separator 90.

Referring now again to Fig. 9, and Figure 11 (it is the section view that intercepts of line A along Fig. 9) and Figure 13 (it is along scheming The section view that 8 line B intercepts), baffle plate 111 allows the water with some suspended solids to leave separator 90, and larger consolidating Body leaves at bottom discharge outlet 94 as mud.Figure 12 shows the section (the line C along Fig. 8 intercepts) of entrance 92, in this place Input channel is supported by support member 120, and this support member 120 is connected to the bottom of separator 90 and keeps input channel 92 He Seat.

In another example, additionally provide：For monitoring the device of oil/water interface level；Be used for controlling in the first He The device of oil/water interface level in second separator.In such example, the device for monitoring includes oil/water circle Face level indicator and control valve sensor (such as cascade control system).

As shown in figure 18, in certain embodiments, the device for current are separated into multi-strand flow includes collector 181, It has ingress port valve 183, there are the current of suspended solid from receiving for detached device, and multiple port of export Mouthful, it is attached to antimicrobial coalescer unit 184, each outlet port has cross-sectional area, it is less than the entrance of collector Cross-sectional area.In some instances, the cross-sectional area sum of outlet port is more than the cross-sectional area of ingress port, thus The flow rate leaving collector is less than the flow rate entering collector.In at least one example, collector 181 includes 1:12 collectors (for example there is in outlet port 4 inches of cross-sectional diameter, and there is in ingress port bigger diameter of section).Replacing For in example, include waterwheel (not shown, known in the art) for separated flow for the device of multi-strand flow, it has multiple cabins Room, each cabin receives a part for current.In operation, water passes through valve 183 to enter collector 181, and flows by multiple The antimicrobial coalescer unit 184 being connected in parallel separates slack-off, to increase the time of staying, for giving while parallel fluid flow Electromagnetic flux, gives the positive charge of water in order to maximize electromagnetic flux.The output of unit 184 mixes in collector 186, collector 186 output is subject to controlling of valve 188.Collector and antimicrobial coalescer unit in certain embodiments, are arranged on framework 184 On, this framework can be risen on the pad at well site by harness 186, or on the lathe of truck, for transporting.

In another example, the device for producing positive charge is included for being processed in multi-strand flow using electromagnetic flux Per share device.At least one such example is visible in Figure 19 to 28, is wherein used for processing multiply water using electromagnetic flux One device every in stream includes：Pipeline and at least one solenoid, it has substantially coaxial with pipeline axis.One A bit in such example, pipeline comprises non-conducting material substantially.In some such examples, pipeline comprises stainless steel substantially Material.In various examples, additionally provide a kind of ringing-current switching circuit being connected to coil.In some such examples, ringing-current Switching circuit is operated with Full wave shape pattern under the frequency between about 10kHz to about 80kHz.

Especially, again referring to Figure 19-28, it is tuning firstly to Figure 19, implement assembly of the invention and be shown at 910, and mainly Including piping unit 912 and alternating current power supply 914.Piping unit 912 includes pipeline 916, and liquid to be processed passes through it, its stream Dynamic direction is as shown by arrow A.Pipeline 916 can be made up of various materials, but due to the liquid that executed by piping unit Reason is related to through duct wall and passes through pipeline to enter the propagation of the electromagnetic flux of liquid, and pipeline is preferably by non-conducting material system Become, reduced with the amount avoiding consuming some flux and leading to arrive at the flux of liquid due to leading to be vortexed in pipeline material. The other parts of piping unit 912 are comprised in around in the general cylindrical housing 918 of pipeline 916 or mounted thereto.

Piping unit 912 preferably, and as described later, is a kind of for (for example having 911V by relatively low pressure power supply (rms) to the voltage of 37V (rms) and the power supply of 60Hz frequency) come the design to operate, and thus shown power supply 914 is blood pressure lowering Transformator, it has master and is connected to input line 920, its using be connected to civil power (such as 120V60Hz or 240V60Hz) insert 922, and there is the secondary side that output lead 924 is connected to transformator, and supply low-voltage power to piping unit 912.Piping unit 912 can be designed as the pipeline 916 for different-diameter, and the specific output voltage being provided by power supply 914 is to be chosen so as to Adapt to the diameter of pipeline and the size of associated components of piping unit and design.

Piping unit 912, in addition to housing 912 and pipeline 916, also includes around the coil component of pipeline and is used for controlling Electric current processed passes through the switching circuit of the flowing of coil component, and its mode is so that the bell producing the subsequent cycles through coil component The electromagnetic flux of the final ringing interval in succession of stream and the liquid through in pipeline 916.The quantity of coil of formation coil component, Design and arrangement can change, and as shown in the example in Figure 20 and 21, coil component is shown as including four coils, L₁, L₂ Outward, L₂Interior and L₃, it is arranged as the mode similar to U.S. Patent number 5,702,600, and it is incorporated herein by reference for owning Purpose.Coil, as shown in figs 20 and 21, the longitudinal section 926,928,930 different from three of pipe 916 is associated.Namely Say, coil L₁It is wound around along bobbin 932, and then extend along pipe section 926, coil L₃It is wound around along bobbin 934, this bobbin Itself extensional pipeline section 930 extends, and two coil L₂Interior and L₂Be wrapped in outward on bobbin 926, this bobbin 926 itself along Pipe section 928 extends, its coil L₂It is wrapped in outward coil L₂Inner top.Two overlap each other (or otherwise tight each other Close association) two coil L₂Interior and L₂Outer winding produces the winding electric capacity between this two coils, and its formation is described hereinafter The all or part of the electric capacity of some row resonance circuits.

With reference to Figure 20, the housing 918 of piping unit 912 is made up of circular cylindrical shell 938 and two end pieces 940,942.Shape The part becoming switching circuit is carried by end pieces 940, and wherein at least a portion in them is arranged on radiator 944, and this dissipates Hot device 944 is fixed to end pieces 940 by screw 946.In the assembling of piping unit 912, end pieces 940 are worked as from pipeline first Along Figure 20 observe when right-hand member slide on pipeline 916, at be spaced apart the position of some distances from pipeline right-hand member and and then logical Cross screw 948 and be fastened to pipeline.Three bobbins 932,936 and 934 and their coil, then move from the left end of pipeline successively Move on pipeline 916, until it is adjacent each other and end pieces 940, wherein bonding agent is applied between bobbin and pipeline with will Bobbin is bonded to pipeline.Annular collar 950 then slides into pipeline from the left end of pipeline, adjoins with coil L3, and passes through spiral shell Nail group 960,960 is secured to pipeline.Then this shell 938 slides on pipeline and tight by screw 962,962 in its right-hand member It is affixed to end pieces 940.Finally, end pieces 942 slide into pipeline 916 from the left end of pipeline, and and then are fastened by screw 964 It is fastened to pipeline to shell 938 and by screw group 966.

Basic diagram for piping unit 912 figure 22 illustrates.The input being connected to power supply 914 is illustrated in At 968 and 970.Including shown in the interface unit of conductor these input terminals 968 and 970 are connected to coil and be connected to switching Circuit 972, in as directed mode, wherein interface unit includes thermal overload switch 974.Arrow B indicates the up time of coil windings Pin direction, and take this as the standard, coil L₃With coil L₂Outer winding pipeline 916 along clockwise direction, and coil L₁With coil L₂Interior edge Counter clockwise direction winding pipeline.Consider these winding directions and shown electrical connection, it will be understood that working as electric current i_cAlong side shown in arrow C To when flowing through coil, through direction and the direction there through the liquid in pipeline of the magnetic flux of each hub of a spool, such as Shown in arrow E, F, G and H in Figure 22.That is, passing through coil L₁、L₂Interior and L₃Center magnetic flux along the one of pipeline Individual longitudinal direction is advanced, and passes through coil L₂The magnetic flux at outer center is advanced in opposite direction.Depending on switching circuit 972 Design is it may be necessary or desirable to provide Local earth grounds for switching circuit 972, and works as in this situation, and switching circuit can be passed through Isolating transformer is connected with input terminal 968 and 970, as shown in figure 22.

Figure 23 is the display interface unit of Figure 22 and the more detailed layout of switching circuit 972.With reference to Figure 23, switching electricity Road 972 includes 12V power supply electronic circuit 976, comparator electronic circuit 978, timer electronic circuit 980, switch 982 and indicator son electricity Road 984.

Part D2, R5, C5, R6 and Z1 include 12VDC power supply electronic circuit 976, and it carries for the miscellaneous part of flip-flop circuit For electric power.Resistor R1 and R2 and operational amplifier U1 forms comparator circuit 978.Resistor R1 and R2 forms potentiometer, its The signal sending the AC voltage being proportional to applying is to operational amplifier U1.Capacitor C1 is used for filtering out and is likely to be present in AC input Any " noise " voltage in voltage, to prevent amplifier U1 from shaking.As long as amplifier U1 is connected with the AC voltage applying being Just just produce " low " (zero) output voltage on online 986, and when AC voltage is negative, produce " high " (+12V) output voltage.

When AC voltage zero-cross and start to become timing, amplifier U1 is switched to low output.This triggers 555 timer chip U2, To produce height output in its pin 93.Capacitor C2 and R3 is used as high pass filter, so that being instantaneous rather than stable state. Voltage at the pin 92 of U2 is low for about half millisecond of holding.This instantaneous low trigger voltage makes U2 keep on pin 93 Continue height (+12V).

Switch 982 can adopt many different forms, and can be a series of electronic circuit being made up of individual components, and It is three terminals or the triode switch with first, second, and third terminal 988,990 and 992 in all cases, wherein Third terminal 992 is door terminal, and switch is arranged so that switch can be in ON shape by applying the signal of telecommunication to door terminal 992 Switch between state and OFF state, wherein close relative to each other in ON state first and second terminal, and in OFF state first He Second terminal disconnects relative to each other.Figure 23 preferably with shown in the case of, switch 982 has single MOSFET (Q1). MOSFET (Q1) is once operate to the voltage change being applied to a terminal 992 just (as the input AC across input terminal 968 and 970 Voltage becomes positive result), setting terminal 988 and 990 is the state closing relative to each other.This allows for electric current and produces in coil L₁、L₂Interior, L₂Outer and L₃In.When the time constant that the product by resistor R4 and capacitor C3 is formed passes, 555 chips U2 is inverted as low output at pin 93, and MOSFET (Q1) is changed into its OFF state.When the closing of this (Q1) occurs, still In coil, any electric current of flowing is released to capacitor, and it is shown as the terminal 988 and 990 across (Q1).As shown in figure 23, This capacitor is by main by two coil L₂Interior and L₂Wiring capacitance C that outer tight association is formed_cFormed.This winding electric capacity can Itself be enough to the resonance circuit producing some and showing with coil, but if necessary to extra electric capacity, can pass through independent Other tuning capacitor (C_t) supplying.

When switch (Q1) goes to OFF or off-state, still in coil, any circuit of flowing will be released to electric capacity (C_cAnd/or C_t), and this electric capacity engages coil and power supply forms a series of resonance circuits, it makes the electric current through coil adopt The form of bell ripple, and thus produce the ringing-current battery flux through the liquid in pipeline 916.By adjusting rheostat R4, The timing that switch (Q1) disconnects can be adjusted to much earlier or later occur in each operation half period of ac input voltage.Excellent Selection of land, circuit, by starting to adjust with the maximum resistance of R4, is then gradually adjusted to relatively low resistance value, until instruction The LED indicator 994 of device electronic circuit illuminates.This is across electric capacity (C_cAnd C_t) crest voltage that produces reaches and occur during 150V, at this Under voltage, two Zener diode Z2 can turn on.Zener diode charges to capacitor 962, and the voltage obtaining is opened LED994.When this indicator LED is lighted, the adjustment of resistor R4 is then rotated in the opposite sense, until LED just extinguishes, And this correspondingly arranges switch (Q1) and arrives 150V ringing signal.

Figure 24 shows the function of the circuit of Figure 23 by the waveform occurring in circuit run duration.With reference to this figure, waveform 996 is the waveform of the AC power supplies voltage applying across input terminal 968 and 970, and this voltage is exchange, and it has positive voltage first Group half period 998, and second group of half period 900 with its alternate negative voltage.The circuit of Figure 23 is with half wave mode operation A kind of circuit, wherein only in response to each positive half period 998, in the coil of piping unit produce the ringing-current period.Waveform 902 Represent the switch disconnection of (Q1) and closing period, and from this it may be noted that each positive half period in supply voltage 998, switch (Q1) initial part in the half period is closure, and a suitable segment distance is to disconnect before this half period terminal (exact time that this occurs can be adjusted by adjustable rheostat R4).

The disconnection of switch (Q1) and closure produce current waveform at the 904 of Figure 24 for the instruction, and it is for supply voltage Each positive half period makes electric current through the coil initial part in this half period start from scratch increase, opens during this part Close (Q1) closure, and and then disconnect once switching (Q1), current oscillation preset time section.Across the voltage of the coil of piping unit it is As shown in the waveform 906 of Figure 24, once wherein switch (Q1) disconnects, voltage takes waveform, and it repeatedly has more than by electricity The maximum voltage of the voltage that source 914 provides.

The frequency of the bell pressure of the ringing-current producing in coil and the generation of cross-line circle can be by changing the electric capacity across switch (Q1) (C_cAnd C_t) changing, and it is preferably set to the frequency in the range of 10kHz to 80kHz.

The parameter of the device of Figure 19-24, including arrangement in terms of the number of turn, specification and length of nominal line size, coil, Tuning capacitor electric capacity and related nominal supply voltage are given in the table of Figure 28.

As described above, illustrate with reference to Figure 22,23 and 24 and the switching circuit that describes be can operate electric with the power supply in applying Each alternate half-cycles of pressure produce the ringing-current of a period and the circuit of bell pressure.However, if it is desired to, switching circuit can also be by It is designed as running under full-wave, ringing-current and the bell pressure of a period are wherein produced on each half period of supply voltage. As shown in figure 25, this can increase by the second switching circuit 908 by the circuit of modification Figure 22 and realize, this second switching circuit 908 is identical with the first switching circuit 972, except the sense of current and voltage direction are contrary with the first circuit 972.That is, In Figure 25, the first circuit 972 operates as described above during each positive half period of applied voltage, and second circuit 908 is applying Operate in an identical manner during the negative half-cycle of voltage, and the number of times quilt of result electric current and voltage oscillation in preset time section (compared with the period number producing with the circuit of Figure 22) is doubled on same time period.

The additionally, as described above, quantity of coil used in piping unit 912 can change, and if so desired, pipeline Unit 912 can manufacture only one coil, without departing from the present invention.Figure 26 and 27 is related to such a construction, wherein schemes 26 show that piping unit has single coil and is wound on bobbin 912, and around pipeline 916.Unicoil pipeline list in Figure 26 The switching circuit using in unit figure 27 illustrates, and the switching circuit generally similar to Figure 23, except due to single coil 910 Significant wiring capacitance will not be produced, it is desirable to provide across the tuning capacitor of the first and second terminals 988 and 990 of switch (Q1) (C_t).Further, since coil component is formed and be fully located on the side of switch (Q1) it is not necessary to carry by single coil 910 The Local earth grounds of the part for switching circuit to be set up by isolating transformer 976 for Figure 23.

In another example, referring to Figure 18, the device for mixing includes collector 186, and it has for from multiple use In the ingress port of the positively charged current of the multiply of the device producing positive charge 184, and outlet port, it is connected to valve 188, the output water that its guiding wherein has positive charge flows to blender, for using in well fracturing operation.In each example In, most of less than about 100 microns of suspended solid.In some such examples, suspended solid is substantially all less than about 100 micro- Rice.In more restricted example set, most of less than about 10 microns of suspended solid.In example set restricted further, Substantially all less than about 10 microns of suspended solid.

With reference now to Figure 16 and 17, it is shown that for controlling at the total water of three phase separator/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface being System, wherein this system includes：For setting up the device at water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface in three phase separator；For measuring three-phase The device at water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface in separator, wherein obtains water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface level measurement signal；For by water/liquid The device that state hydrocarbonylation thing interface level measurement signal is compared with set point；One device, for indicating water/liquid hydrocarbon compound in comparison signal Interface is higher than to reduce, during set point, the flowing that hydrocarbonylation thing well frac water enters three phase separator, and in comparison signal instruction Water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface is less than during set point increases the flowing entering three phase separator, wherein increases flowing and includes hydrocarbonylation thing Well frac water and supplementary water.

In at least one example, with reference to Figure 14 A and 14B, the device for setting up water/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface include every Film weir 140, and ideally oil-water interfaces set up the bottom 140b on weir.The control realized by effusion meter and control valve in Figure 15 and Visible in 16.

Referring now to Figure 17, the interface level that more detailed example describes three-phase four material separation device controls.As schemed Show, to separator recirculation water enter to become a mandarin by the measurement of turbine flowmeter (FE-101)/sensor (FT-101), and via flowing Controller (FIC-101) is subject to the control of flow control valve (FV-101).Supplement water and enter to become a mandarin to be perforated plate (FE-103)/dP change Send device (FT-103) to measure, and be subject to the control of flow control valve (FV-103) via flow governor (FIC-103).Water flows out Stream is perforated plate (FE-102)/dP transmitter (FT-102) measurement, and is controlled by flowing via flow governor (FIC-102) The control of valve (FV-102).Oil-water interfaces level in the separator is by magnetic levels measuring instrument (LG-100) and also by even Continuous capacitance level transmitter (LT-100) is measuring.Two horizontal plants are all installed in be made up of 2 inch diameter pipe outer Portion horizontally suspends on device.This hanger includes hand-operated valve (HV-1, HV-2, HV-3, HV-4, HV-5, HV-6, HV-9 and HV-10) For the maintenance on hanger and attached peripheral device, as those skilled in the art will be seen that.HV-1 and HV-2 is used for will be outstanding Hanging device is isolated from process.HV-3 and HV-4 is respectively applied for draining and empties hanger.HV-5 and HV-6 is used for surveying level Amount instrument is isolated from process.HV-9 and HV-10 is used for isolating level transmitter chamber from process.Each equipment on hanger All it is equipped with valve to be used for safeguarding.HV-7 and HV-8 is a part for horizontal measuring instrument, and is respectively applied for draining and emptied of water Flat measuring instrument.HV-11 is a part for level transmitter chamber, and is used for draining this chamber.

Water in separator/liquid hydrocarbon compound interface (also referred to as " oil/water interface ") horizontal horizontal controller (LIC-100) (have to flow back into stream controller (FIC-101), supplement water enter Inflow Control (FIC-103) and water outflow stream controller (FIC-102) cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer) keep.Cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer by horizontal controller send remote setting point (RSP) arrive associated Flow governor and reset their set point to keep interface level to realize.

All of controller is arranged to keep general liquid water level (NLL=50%) under steady state conditions, a reactor.Each controls The set point of device to be determined by desired capacity and separator size.

In operational instances, when interface level raises, horizontal controller resets water and flows out stream controller to throttling Valve fully opens, and setting simultaneously flows back into stream controller to receiving choke valve, to keep normal liquid level.In high liquid level (HLL=80%), under, warning is sent to operator it is allowed to operator takes release measure from interface level transmitter analogue signal Come controlling interface level or operating condition again.

When interfacial water pancake is low, horizontal controller resets water and flows out stream controller to receiving choke valve, setting backflow simultaneously Enter Inflow Control to open to choke valve, to keep normal liquid level.If interfacial water is put down and is reduced to low liquid level (LLL =10%), makeup water stream controller will be arranged the level joint control of interface horizontal controller by system by software exchange LX-100 In system.

With reference now to Figure 29, the flow chart of the example of the present invention use in hydrocarbonylation thing well, this hydrocarbonylation thing well has well Eye 301, it has the well bore casing 303 of the cement injection through the fracture zone 340 isolated by packer 341.Oil pipe 309 leads to Cross drilling cramp 311 to insert, for fracturing operation well known by persons skilled in the art.Perforation 356 is formed into rammell 321.As Perforation and a part for plugging operations, packer 341 is placed in the wellbore to isolate different fracture zone 340.Continuously oil Pipe 309 is inserted into the target area of expectation pressure break.Liquid, most of inclusion water, is pumped through ion and sends out in the present case Raw device 313.Ion generator 313 to produce ionizing in a fluid using electromagnetic field effects as herein described.Be now then from Sonization fluid 353 is pumped in fracture zone 340 via fracturing pump 319.

Ionised fluid 353 is pumped in crack 351, as shown in figure 30.Ionised fluid 353 is fully pressurized with life Length and expansion crack 351.Ionised fluid 353 is kept predetermined time amount under stress.When under stress, ionised fluid 353 are interacted with rammell 321, in this embodiment for the calcite 350 of stratiform, to produce aragonite crystals layer 352.Pressure break Reduced pressure by coiled tubing 309 in this example in region 340.Fracturing process can change according to the environment of service provider and oil well Become.For example, in bore hole application, broken dot system can be used for replacing perforation and plugging system.These can in shale formation The change of the crushing process of energy is known to those skilled in the art.

In fracturing operation, the crack in rammell 321 is established and/or expands.Crack can be by perforation, high pressure Abrasion techniques or other method well known in the prior art are setting up.These cracks 351 are positioned in fracture zone 340, by layer The calcite crystal 350 of shape is exposed to well 301.When calcite 350 rhomboidal crystal of stratiform is exposed to ionised fluid 353 When, the insoluble grain structure of crystal of stratiform calcite 350 is converted into the aragonite 352 of stratiform, and it has rhomboidal crystal Queue shape.The aragonite 352 of this stratiform is suspend.

Ionised fluid 353 has the ability avoiding raw dirt crust because lead to the granule of raw dirt be now suspend and It is not dissolving.By the calcite 350 of stratiform is exposed to ionised fluid 353, granule is than the situation that there is not ion more It is rapidly formed.This phenomenon decreases the size of granule, prevents them from becoming too much, to lead to the exposed surface in crack 351 Upper crust or raw dirt.

Ionised fluid 353, in this example for ionizing water, also eliminates asking of non-microorganism particle growth Topic, because it is avoided that the effect of surface nucleation precipitation.Additionally, the effect of ionizing water stops corrosion.Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Electrically charged by example absorption to colloidal particles, lead to their size reduction so that they can not dissolve and keep suspending.It Be converted into Calcium Carbonate tiltedly square aragonite suspension embryo, and keep suspending.

When the ionised fluid 353 in the crack 351 at target fracture zone 340 is by coiled tubing blood pressure lowering, in this reality In example, Calcium Carbonate particle 352, in this example for aragonite crystals, it is refluxed water and removes or by from stratum from crack 351 The fluid of exploitation removes.

Ionizing water has the ability avoiding abitotic substance to accumulate in crack 351.This water is via the effect of electromagnetic field And be ionized, it is used such as Dolphin unit as ion generator 313, the low frequency waveform of its usage cycles, thus lead The electroporation of the number of writing and pass through the amplification to oscillator signal for the resonance.Low-power, higher frequency em waves finally kill or destroy by from The barrier film of the microorganism in sonization fluid.The result being acted on due to these, bioclastic crust also occurs.Microorganism can not Regenerate their own to form the biomembrane blocking crack 351.In this example, ionised fluid, it mainly includes water, by from Electronic generator 313 is produced by being exposed to fluid under the impact of full-wave electromagnetic field, and the frequency range of this waveform is in 80KHz To between 360kHz.In other embodiments, frequency can be higher than simply 80kHz.In this example, the frequency of 360kHz is permissible Produce vibration in the main fluid including water.In other words, the natural frequency of fluid is energized.There are the natures different from water Other fluids of frequency can be energized under these other natural frequencies at them.The composition of fluid will determine that ion generator should Electromagnetic field should be operated under which kind of frequency.Can have ionised fluid more than the frequency in 80kHz all-wave and minimize The beneficial aspects of the presence of microorganism in fluid.

When the cation carrying in excessive water enters crack 351, positive charge ion is for the stratiform calcite of shale 350 precipitate have physical chemistry effect.This mineralising changes the crystal structure being deposited in the total crust of substrate.Calcium Carbonate Preferred crystal formation be so-called stratiform calcite 350 (rhombohedron), and other crystal formations be referred to as aragonite (orthorhombic forms) and Ball aragonite (hexagon).Ionizing water via pulse energy in high frequency combine specific in high-frequency range periodicity arteries and veins Rush the induced electric field of the continuous change of signal and particular low frequency AC drive waveform.

Low frequency AC waveform influence solid sediment tuberculosis method and the mode of solid sediment crystal growth.With such side Formula, such growth leads to precipitation still and is not formed on surface, and is formed in bulk solution, using microcosmic suspension Grain (both organic and inorganic) is as the surface of the seed for tuberculosis and granular grows.In frac water, Calcium Carbonate is heavy in water The primary crystalline solid forming sediment, and usually surface tuberculosis incrustation scale.When exposing crack 351 to ionised fluid 353, Calcium Carbonate is sunk Other cationes in inclusion magnesium, the solution of silicon, aluminum and ferrum are attached to itself by starch, and are converted into together with other components Particle.

The dynamic (dynamical) change of crystal combination, and the aragonite structure leading to avoids the formation of surface scale, and by crystal Structure is put in float, as single or coalescence granule.Between higher relatively positive calcium value and relatively low base value Transformation from fouling to particle for the variance drive of electrodynamic relative value.It is forced charged ionizing water to make to work as When the explosive that subsurface stratum laminate Calcite Surface is formed exposes, this selective change can be in stratiform calcite Realize on surface.This effect is for firmly both identical with soft shale.

In another example, before the pressure (hydraulic) water carrying cation is forced into crack 351, calcium carbonate scale layer is by well The shaping explosive of middle blast is physically opened.Crack 351 is ionized fluid pressurization, and thus conveying cation is to the crack exposing 351.Ionizing water 353 is allowed to keep in fracture zone more than 340 days.Over time, become, ionizing water is by continuously oil Pipe 309 blood pressure lowering, and hydrocarbonylation thing, particle 352, proppant and the expected other materials of those skilled in the art discharging Water by backflow with from well exploitation is transported away from crack 351.When in crack 351, in the water in such as this example Cation optionally with stratiform calcite phase interaction, and its crystal structure is changed into from calcite (rhombohedron) The crystal form of the preferred aragonite (orthorhombic forms) of particle, it is refluxed water and removes from crack 351.

Blood pressure lowering removes crust or dirty layer in crack in a hierarchical fashion, is described herein as aerosol layer 352, and passes through The faster gaseous state of speed and liquid hydrocarbon compound is allowed above to be flowed to the water conveying of earth's surface and open passage.This moves in a hierarchical fashion Except the bottom pressure in crack is it is allowed to the hydrocarbonylation logistics body of bigger speed may in the case of being initially implemented and realizing than other Longer time period time.Calcium Carbonate in solution exists as the colloidal particle generally in 0.01-100 μ m, often One total electrical charge with referred to as zeta potential.The size of this current potential is the power of each particulate repellent similar charge.This power must be enough Big with overcome granule near each other so that Van der Waals force by granule take to together or fouling power.

Cation is carried in water along with electric field and magnetic field, and interacts, and produces along perpendicular to by magnetic field and electricity The ζ power in the direction of plane that field vector is formed.This is referred to as the ζ principle described in Figure 31.This ζ power acts on carrying body, On the electric current of ion, and particle is slowed down by interaction.Positively charged granule is by along the side according to right-hand rule Refer to represent by four to motion, wherein electric field and magnetic field and ζ power is represented by thumb.Negatively charged granule will be transported in opposite direction Dynamic.

The result of these ζ power on ion is generally positively charged ion such as calcium and magnesium, and negatively charged from Sub such as carbonate and sulfate are guided to each other with increased speed.The speed of this increase leads to increase between particles Collision, result is the formation of insoluble particulate matter.Once precipitate is formed, it is used as the many of crystal structure or aragonite The basis of the further growth of crystal formation or orthorhombic forms, thus sets up particle.Figure 31 shows ζ principle and shows suspension Zeta potential effect on granule.Figure 31 shows the positioning of field and power.

The size of this zeta potential limits the power with the granule of similar charge for each particulate repellent.This zeta potential power is used for overcoming Near each other so that granule is taken to together and realizes the granule of continued growth by Van der Waals force.Produced by pulse generator 313 Resonance electromagnetic field of inducting thus reduce zeta potential, and allow Van der Waals force promote granular grows.

Realize expectation zeta potential effect by pulsed power signal figure 31 illustrates.Zeta potential is to compare another kind of polymorphic More preferably a kind of polymorphous grain effect.This is by preventing a kind of growth of polymorphic, until another kind of polymorphic low to full To realize with till the limit.It is used particle also to promote microorganism as the crystal growth of the one-tenth semi-conducting materia in bulk solution Merge into the precipitate of suspension.This effect is referred to as wrapping up.

To cell membrane, there is micro-/physics and change from ion generator 313 to the cyclic pulse signal of ionizable water Learn effect, it is referred to as the electroporation of cell or chemistry punctures or ruptures, and microorganism is killed by it.Pulse signal uses resonance frequency The physical principle of rate, its also referred to as resonant frequency or ringing frequency, with amplified energy, its with relatively low power level from It is needs during sonization fluid.

Ionised fluid 353 also has prevents crack 351 from being blocked by the flocculation of granule.Ionizing water and then due also to keep away Exempt from surface tuberculosis deposition and reduce blockage problem.The structure interacting as these, the speed of hydrocarbonylation logistics will be due to shaft bottom Pressure and faster.This is also extended the life-span to longer time period of hydrocarbonylation thing well, and increases the adopted storage of given shale formation The percentage ratio of amount.The method allows more substantial hydrocarbonylation thing to be produced with faster gas and liquid flow rate.

In another example, above-mentioned technology can be used for entering back into of well.The well site being previously perforated with pressure break Can reenter in the subsequent time, produce level to increase it.In this case, ionised fluid 353 will be by by even Continuous oil pipe 309 enters back in typical pressure break and is incorporated into rammell in operation.PUNCH GUN can be run and enter in well, new Position forms perforation 356.Packer 341 puts in place being placed in order to seal new fracture zone 340.Then, including ion Change water and the ionised fluid 353 of proppant will be lowered in stratum via fracturing pump 319 pumping.Ionised fluid 353 is right Pressurized afterwards, in order to setting up and expanding the crack 351 from perforation 356.The layer of particle 352 will lead to ionised fluid 353 are exposed to crack 351.After pressure in keeping fracture zone 340 interested, pressure will be released, in this situation Middle use coiled tubing discharges, to balance one or more packers 341.The release of pressure will force particle 352 to leave Crack 351.Such enter back into work and will increase the well yield exploited, and increase the entire life of well.

It should be noted that previously described embodiment only illustrates by way of example, and it is not necessarily to be construed as limiting the present invention Scope to any specific physical configuration.Those skilled in the art can from this specification carry out some change without departing from The spirit and scope of the present invention.Each element described in claim or step are construed as including all equivalent elements Or step.Claim legally covers the present invention in any mode that can be implemented as broadly as possible.Retouch in claim In the zone of reasonableness that the equivalent way of the present invention stating is also intended to fall into claim.All patents of marking herein, patent Application and other file are incorporated to for any purpose by reference to here.

Claims

1. a kind of method for increasing the hydrocarbonylation produce amount from subsurface formations, the method includes：

Produce ionised fluid；

By ionised fluid from landscape position pumping at least one of hydrocarbonylation thing well underground position；

Ionised fluid at least one underground position for the pressurization；

Reduce pressure at punch position ionised fluid, and at least a portion wherein returning to the ionised fluid of landscape position comprises Suspension material.

2. the method for claim 1, is additionally included in the perforation of at least one underground position and pressure break.

3. the method for claim 1, wherein ionised fluid include positively charged water.

4. the method for claim 1, wherein ionised fluid are produced by water is exposed to the electromagnetic field of impact.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, the wherein electromagnetic field of impact are with up to 360 all-wave pulsation per second.

6. the method for claim 1, wherein particle include calcio particle.

7. method as claimed in claim 3, also includes being recycled for a part for the reflux fluid of artesian well.

8. method as claimed in claim, also includes the part of the described recirculation of ionised fluid.

9. the method for claim 1, also includes entering back into described stratum.

10. a kind of system for increasing the hydrocarbonylation produce amount from subsurface formations, including：

For producing the device of ionised fluid；

For the device from least one fracture zone that earth's surface is transported to subsurface formations by ionised fluid；

Device for ionised fluid at least one fracture zone for the pressurization；

For maintaining the device of the stress level at least one fracture zone；

For the device that the ionised fluid at least one fracture zone reduces pressure；A part for wherein ionised fluid is taken Particle with stratum returns to earth's surface.

11. systems as claimed in claim 10, wherein ionised fluid include the water of at least 50% volume.

12. systems as claimed in claim 10, the wherein said device for producing ionised fluid is included with up to 300 60 pulse all-wave frequencies per second produce the electromagnetic field of impact.

13. systems as claimed in claim 11, the electromagnetic field of wherein impact eliminates the most of microorganism in ionised fluid.

14. systems as claimed in claim 10, are also included for adding proppant to the device of ionised fluid.

15. systems as claimed in claim 14, the wherein said device for adding proppant to ionised fluid includes mixing Clutch.

16. systems as claimed in claim 10, also include piercing mechanism, this pierce mechanism be attached to be suitable to balance well in extremely The coiled tubing of a few packer.

17. systems as claimed in claim 13, also include the device for recirculation reflux fluid, the wherein backflow of recirculation A part for fluid is used to produce ionised fluid.

18. systems as claimed in claim 17, are also included for backflow is separated into water and the device of at least one other materials Part.

19. systems as claimed in claim 17, are also included for production fluid is separated into water and at least one other materials Device.

A kind of 20. methods for increasing the yield from subsurface stratum, including：

Electromagnetic field using impact produces ionised fluid；

Ionised fluid pumping is entered into subsurface stratum；And

Previous punched areas are exposed to pressurization ionised fluid；Wherein from subsurface after ionised fluid is depressurized Yield increases.

21. methods as claimed in claim 20, wherein previous punched areas are previously by pressure break.

22. methods as claimed in claim 20, also include the previous punched areas of pressure break.

23. methods as claimed in claim 20, also include selecting to be exposed to the region of ionised fluid.

24. methods as claimed in claim 23, also include the region of selection of boring a hole.

25. methods as claimed in claim 24, also include the region of pressure break selection.

26. methods as claimed in claim 25, also include isolating the region of selection.

27. methods as claimed in claim 26, also include the region of selection of pressurizeing using ionizing water.

28. methods as claimed in claim 27, also include pressure one predetermined amount of time in the region keep selection.

29. methods as claimed in claim 28, are additionally included in the region release pressure of selection.

30. methods as claimed in claim 29, are also included ionised fluid and mixed with proppants.

A kind of 31. equipment for hydrocarbonylation thing well fracturing operation, including：

Electromagnetic field generator, has first fluid input port and first fluid output port；

At least one fracturing pump, has second fluid input port, and this second fluid input port is connected to electromagnetic field generator First fluid output port；And

Continuous oil pipe device, has coiled tubing input port, and this coiled tubing input port is connected to second fluid output port.

32. equipment as claimed in claim 31, also include at least one the well fracturing tool being attached to coiled tubing.

33. equipment as claimed in claim 31, also include at least one the well perforating tool being attached to coiled tubing.

34. equipment as claimed in claim 31, also include at least one pipeline, in electromagnetic field generator, are positioned at first Between fluid inlet port and first fluid outlet port.