CN106414828A - Tufted structure for landscape and sports - Google Patents
Tufted structure for landscape and sports Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106414828A CN106414828A CN201480067685.XA CN201480067685A CN106414828A CN 106414828 A CN106414828 A CN 106414828A CN 201480067685 A CN201480067685 A CN 201480067685A CN 106414828 A CN106414828 A CN 106414828A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- interconnection layer
- layer
- fiber interconnection
- pile yarns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 99
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002955 Art silk Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005473 Guinier-Preston zone Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007757 hot melt coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004758 synthetic textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
- D04H11/08—Non-woven pile fabrics formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C17/00—Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
- D05C17/02—Tufted products
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0068—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the primary backing or the fibrous top layer
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention seeks to provide a tufted structure such as an artificial turf (10), that imitates more closely the root zone, the volume effect, and density of natural grass and that has an improved wear and drainage property. An artificial turf (10) adapted for use in landscape and sports applications comprises a bounded layer of fibers (20) formed as a non-woven matting made of one or more natural and/or synthetic fibers. A plurality of tufts (40) of pile yarn (41 ) is inserted through the bounded layer of fibers (20). A backing (30) is applied at the backside of the bounded layer of fibers (20) enhancing anchoring the tufts (40) to the bounded layer of fibers (20).
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the surface of simulation natural grass, more specifically, it is related to tufted structure, for example, imitates
The volume effect of natural grass and the artificial grass of density, further relate to the manufacture of this turf.
Background technology
Artificial grass, also referred to as synthesizes grass, it is a kind of surface of synthetic fibers, and manufacturing this surface makes it see
Get up as natural grass.This artificial grass is most commonly used to sports applications.But, also use it for now house
Lawn and landscape design.Artificial grass can stand severe and use and do not need to irrigate or prune.Dome body
Educating field, indoor stadium and half indoor stadium may need artificial grass, and reason is that grass is difficult to obtain foot
Enough sunlight is to maintain health.But, existing artificial grass still cannot provide going out of natural grass surface
The impact absorbing property of color, and it is not enough to the volume effect of natural imitation SHENGCAO.
The artificial grass of a new generation generally by UV, make by the polypropylene fibre strengthened or polyethylene fibre, described
Fiber shape tufted braiding synthesis the first liner, this first liner receives in the side relative with surface fiber
Coating or the second liner of refracting films, so that turf has dimensional stability and helps fiber to combine.
When attached, generally apply one layer of sand to strengthen draining on the surface (i.e. " blade " of grass) of turf,
And/or apply one layer of cold gum granule to help turf to keep more vertical being orientated and provide impact to inhale
The property received.
Implant generally makes artificial grass have ballast and structure, helps fiber upright and when setting foot on turf
" buffering " effect is provided.The root of this protection clustered fiber.
At present, non-filler artificial grass refer to that those careless silks are highly low, horizontal cluster density (between row away from
From) the narrow and high artificial grass model of longitudinal cluster density.Use in the case of without this implant
Artificial grass is generally made up of shorter, finer and close polyethylene fibre, and described fiber even includes shorter volume
Bent fiber is so that careless cluster keeps imitating the erectility of blade of grass piece.Some non-filler systems provide under turf
Pad, to provide buffering.
Due to domestic and the commercial applications quantity of artificial grass sustainable growth, the property seeking there is improvement and get over
Carry out the artificial grass more like natural grass, as described in the example below.
GB 1,154,842 discloses protuberance, cluster the filamentary structure connecting.To have required weight and
The fibrous web of structure is placed in the top of another this net, then fine to assembling in tradition list knitting machine
Dimension shape structure carries out acupuncture.On a passage of knitting machine, the fiber in a fibrous web is carried by pin
Through other as the fibrous web of basal layer, and control penetrating of pin, so that it is guaranteed that the fiber of alignment passes through
Basal layer simultaneously stretches out surface, becomes fiber cluster.
WO 2001/37657 A1 discloses the synthetic turf of vertical drainage, rubber filling.This vertical drainage
Synthetic turf comprises porous geotextile (geotextile) film, and described film is fixed on open layering to be assembled
Between layer and layer of sand.This synthetic turf also includes knitting wool fabric, and described knitting wool fabric comprises multiple knitting wool elements,
The tufted braiding of described knitting wool element shape on open layered Guinier-Preston zone or non-woven liner.By elastic granule
The packed layer that the mixture of high density and low-density rubber (preferably) is constituted is dispersed in the knitting wool unit of knitting wool fabric
In part.Laying can be non-woven fabric, can be single or multiple lift.Suitably non-woven, chi
Very little stable material is polyester/nylon blending, the non-woven materials of spinning connection.
WO 2012/125513 A1 discloses a kind of synthesis ground covering system for control corrosion rate, and it is put
Put side on the ground, described system includes synthesis grass, this synthesis grass contains one or more geotextile and conjunction
The composite becoming yarn cluster and being formed.This synthesis mulching material also includes one kind and is applied on synthesis grass
Sand/soil filling ballast, and be applied in the binding agent in sand/soil implant, with high speed
Stablize sand/soil implant under water shearing force.This system includes a kind of synthetic turf, and described turf includes liner
With the synthetic turf blade being fixed on liner.Synthesize the blade cluster of grass and form substrate or liner, its bag
Braiding containing synthesis or non-woven fabric.Liner can be monolayer liner or multi-layer gasket as needed.Can be
Filter material is fixed on substrate to strengthen the blade of substrate preferably fixing synthesis grass.Preferably, described at least one
Piece filtration fabrics also can comprise non-woven synthetic textiles.
Due to being covered using more artificial grasses and less natural grass in increasing application
Ground, provides and also becomes more and more important to ecological friendly artificial grass.
Content of the invention
As known from the above, there is demand to the tufted structure of natural imitation SHENGCAO more true to nature.
Present invention aim at providing tufted structure, for example, it is used for the artificial grass of landscape and sports applications, its
More imitate root area, volume effect and the density of natural grass to the life, and there is the wearability of raising
Matter and draining property.
One advantage of embodiments of the present invention is to provide the artificial grass with fiber interconnection layer, especially
It is the fibrous layer mechanically interconnecting, it plays the effect of the root area of natural grass, help nanocluster
Pile yarns are upright, and protect the bending point of nanocluster such that it is able to not use implant.Fiber interconnection layer
So that fiber is moved, thus the compression on surface can be substantially reduced, thus reduce the hardening on surface.
Another advantage is that of embodiments of the present invention, tufted structure can be by being capable of recycled materials completely
Make, thus reducing the quantity of garbage, described garbage needs to abandon in refuse landfill at present.
Another advantage is that, as when installing for artificial grass so that surface of embodiments of the present invention
The water capacity change places the ground draining into tufted structure from all directions.
Another advantage is that of embodiments of the present invention, provides the artificial grass with fiber interconnection layer,
For making unevenness/many Rocks, Soils become smooth.
Embodiments of the present invention another advantage is that offer has the tufted structure of fiber interconnection layer, its
There is impact absorbing property, so that artificial grass has more natural sense of touch.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the tufted structure for landscape and sports applications comprises fiber interconnection
Layer, described fiber interconnection layer is natural and/or synthetic fibers are made by one or more.Pile yarns are embedded in interconnection
In fibrous layer, described pile yarns are fixed on described fiber interconnection layer.The density of described fiber interconnection layer is certainly
The bottom of fiber interconnection layer reduces to top.
Described tufted structure can be artificial grass.By providing fiber interconnection layer, (it is formed as non-woven
Pad), the fibrous layer for example mechanically interconnecting, once installing, then the water energy on surface enough easily drains into
The subcutaneous soil of Artificial grass.As a result, the artificial grass of the advantageous embodiment according to the present invention passes through
The draining of lower soil and rapid draing.By using the mixture of natural water absorbent fiber and synthetic fibers, people
The water holding capacity of work turf can be improved compared with existing known product.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, density is reduced with constant ratio.As a result, described layer
There is provided the structural support to nanocluster and impact absorbency, so that artificial grass has more natural sense of touch.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber interconnection layer includes lower floor and upper strata, and lower floor is fixed on mutually
Even fibrolaminar bottom, upper strata is fixed on the top of lower floor, and the fiber coarseness on upper strata is more than lower floor.
When turf is used for the general applications of ground surface, use herein on the one hand term " on " and " top ",
On the other hand each face or the portion of artificial grass are indicated according to its relative position using term D score and " bottom "
Point.Therefore, " on " and " top " refer to the portion of that side that the free terminal being located on or near nanocluster stretches out
Point；D score and " bottom " refer to be located on or near the part of opposite side.
This embodiment also provides the structural support to nanocluster and impact absorbency, so that artificial grass has
Natural sense of touch, makes manufacturing process have efficiency simultaneously, and described manufacturing process originates in that to have different fibers coarse
The two panels uniformly non-woven pad of degree.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, lower floor provides structural support to pile yarns.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, work as impact absorbing layer and so that artificial grass is had in upper strata
There is natural sense of touch.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, lower floor is formed by fiber, and described fiber has more pliability shape
Become the structure finer and close than the fiber constituting upper strata, the linear mass density of the fiber of lower floor is less than and constitutes upper strata
Fiber.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linear mass density scope of the fiber of lower floor is about 3,3
Dtex～about 110dtex.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linear mass density scope of the fiber on upper strata is about 11
Dtex～about 600dtex.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, upper strata is thicker and fiber coarseness is more than lower floor.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, produced in the upper surface on upper strata by knitting wool needle point method
Filling yarn, described filling yarn makes the upper surface on upper strata have velvet-like outward appearance, thus natural imitation
The root area of SHENGCAO, provide buffer and assist nanocluster pile yarns upright.By upper to upper strata
Knitting wool acupuncture is implemented on surface so that surface has the fluff structure providing buffering.Because floss assisted by filling yarn
Gauze kerchief worn on a woman's head line is upright, and the artificial grass of the Advantageous embodiments according to the present invention does not need commonly used in the prior art
Implant.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber interconnection layer is manufactured into single piece of fabric or two panels combines
Independent fabric together.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber interconnection layer is formed by needle point method.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber interconnection layer is by not more than eight kinds of different types of fiber structures
Become.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber interconnection layer, pile yarns and pile yarns are fixed on
Liner on fiber interconnection layer is made by ecological friendly material, described can be by ecological friendly material
Machinery is disassembled such that it is able to 100% ground reclaims.More advantageously select uniform polymers compositionss for this
All elements of the artificial grass of invention, to support recuperability.
Independent with above-mentioned consideration, can be similar by obtaining for landscape and the tufted structure of sports applications
Technique effect, described tufted structure comprises fine by the interconnection that one or more natural and/or synthetic fibers are made
Tie up layer, and pile yarns be embedded in fiber interconnection layer, and pile yarns are fixed on fiber interconnection layer,
Wherein, the thickness of fiber interconnection layer is at least 3mm.Thickness referred to herein can be according to European standard
EN1765 measures.
According to an aspect of the present invention, (for example it is used for landscape and sports applications for manufacturing tufted structure
Artificial grass) method comprise the following steps：
Fiber interconnection layer is formed by needle point method, the density of described fiber interconnection layer is from the bottom of fiber interconnection layer
Reduce to top；The filling yarn making the upper surface of fiber interconnection layer extend is made by knitting wool needle point method, from
And make the upper surface of fiber interconnection layer have velvet-like outward appearance；Pile yarns are embedded in fiber interconnection layer；With
Pile yarns are fixed on the back side of fiber interconnection layer.
According to an aspect of the present invention, (for example it is used for landscape and sports applications for manufacturing tufted structure
Artificial grass) method comprise the following steps：Formed down with multiple natural and/or synthetic fibers by needle point method
Layer；Upper strata, the natural and/or synthesis on this upper strata are formed with multiple natural and/or synthetic fibers by needle point method
The linear mass density of fiber is higher than the fiber of lower floor, and the structure of lower floor is finer and close than upper strata；By on be placed on down
The top of layer is to form fiber interconnection layer；Filling yarn is made by the upper surface on upper strata for the knitting wool needle point method,
So that the upper surface on upper strata has velvet-like outward appearance；Pile yarns are embedded in fiber interconnection layer；With by floss
Gauze kerchief worn on a woman's head line is fixed on the back side of fiber interconnection layer.
Brief description
Above and other characteristic of the present invention, feature and advantage can be described in detail below middle combination accompanying drawing to be become
It is clear that it is illustrated by way of example the principle of the present invention.This specification is only for citing, rather than limits
The scope of the present invention.Following quote refer to accompanying drawing with reference to figure.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the artificial grass according to first preferred implementation of the present invention；With
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of the artificial grass according to second preferred implementation of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Will be with regard to specific embodiment and present invention is described with reference to some accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not subject to this
Limit, be limited only by the appended claims.Any quotation mark in claims should not be construed as limiting this
The scope of invention.The accompanying drawing of description is only illustrative and is nonrestrictive.In the accompanying drawings, some elements
Size may be exaggerated and not in scale chi paint for illustration purpose.
Term used " comprising (include, containing) " is not precluded from other in the specification and claims
Key element or step.When referring to singular noun using indefinite article or definite article, such as " one " or "
Kind ", it includes the plural form of this noun, unless otherwise expressly specified.
A kind of " embodiment " that refer in description or " embodiment " expression is retouched together with embodiment
Specific features, structure or the characteristic stated are included at least one embodiment of the present invention.Therefore, saying
The phrase " in one embodiment " occurring everywhere in bright book or " in one embodiment " not necessarily but can
Can be all referring to same embodiment.Additionally, specific features, structure or characteristic can be with any appropriate parties
Formula is combined in one or more embodiments, and based on present disclosure, this is for those skilled in the art
Speech is obvious.
Similarly, it is to be understood that in the description of the illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the present invention's is different special
Levy and be sometimes combined in a single embodiment, accompanying drawing or its description, this is to simplify disclosure and helping
Assistant solves one or more different aspects of the present invention.However, the method in present disclosure not it is understood that
For reflecting such a intention, that is, the present invention being claimed needs than the tool being respectively expressly recited in the claims
There are more features.And, as claims are reflected, the feature that inventive aspect includes
Whole features of an aforementioned disclosed single embodiment may be less than.Therefore, after illustrating
Claim will be expressly incorporated into this and be illustrated, and each claim is themselves based on the enforcement of independence of the present invention
Mode.
Additionally, when some embodiments as herein described include some but do not include being wrapped in other embodiment
During the further feature including, the combination of the feature of different embodiments should be intended to be included in the scope of the present invention, and
And forming different embodiments, this should be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art.For example, in right afterwards
In requirement, claimed any embodiment can use in any combination.
Numerous details are elaborated in description herein.It should be understood, however, that embodiments of the present invention exist
These details can not be had during enforcement.In other situations, in order to not obscure the understanding to this description,
It is not described in well-known method, step and technology.
Following terms or definition is provided to be only used for help and understand the present invention.
Terms used herein " back side " refers to the face phase in fiber interconnection layer, stretched out with the free edge of nanocluster
Anti- face.
As used herein, term " fiber coarseness " is defined as the weight of unit fibre length, and generally with list
Position mg/m or g/m represents.Fiber coarseness depends on fibre diameter, pore wall thickness, hole wall density and fibre
Dimension section.High roughness value represents thick fibre wall, makes fiber hard and can not disintegrate.There is low roughness
The thin walled fiber of value makes fiber have pliability and obtain more fine and close structure.The more coarse then intensity of fiber is more
Greatly.
As used herein, term " tex (Tekes) " refers to the unit of measurement of the linear mass density of fiber,
It is defined as quality (g)/1000 meter.The most frequently used unit is dtex (decitex), is abbreviated as dtex, its
Represent quality (g)/ten thousand metres.When the object that measurement is made up of multiple fibers, sometimes " fine using term
Silk Tekes (filament tex) ", it refers to quality (g)/1000 meter of single fibril.
As used herein, term " cluster " refers to a class textile technology, wherein fine rule is embedded supporting substrate.
To be manufactured by nanocluster (in conjunction with the short cluster of the multiply elongate yarn on base material) embedded in bottom cloth
Tufted tilting blanket, produces the velvet-like surface with cut edge and/or round edge.
As used herein, term " fibril " refers to that natural fiber or the list of synthetic fibers prop up continuous filament.
As used herein, term " yarn " refers to the twisting of natural material or synthetic material or untwisted fine rule
Continuous filament.
As used herein, term " floss (knitting wool, velvet-like) " refers to the visible surface (wearing face) of tilting blanket,
Described tilting blanket is made up of with round and/or cutting shape configuration the upstanding end of yarn or yarn nanocluster.Sometimes
It is referred to as " face (face) " or " lint (nap) ".
As used herein, term " liner " refers to be applied to the substrate at the tilting blanket back side, steady for increasing size
Fixation that is qualitative and strengthening pile yarns.
As used herein, term " non-woven " refers to be wound around fiber and combined with machinery, heat or chemical mode
Technical fabric (laminated structure or network structure) together.
As used herein, term " needle point method (acupuncture) " refers to a kind of mechanical technology, is directed to thousands of
Pin, described pin makes fibre orientation and intersects to make non-woven fabric.
With reference to Fig. 1, illustrated according to the cross section that the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrates artificial grass 10
Figure.Artificial grass 10 includes fiber interconnection layer 20 (preferably mechanically connecting), liner 30
With multiple nanoclusters 40.
Fiber interconnection layer 20 is formed as the form of non-woven pad, and described non-woven pad was by one or more day
So and/or synthetic fibers or yarn are made.Fiber interconnection layer 20 is as the carrier of nanocluster 40.
As shown in figure 1, fiber interconnection layer 20 can be the monolayer containing fibre blend.According to the present invention
Preferred implementation, the roughness of fiber forming fiber interconnection layer 20 can be from the bottom of layer 20 to top
Increase.For example, roughness can constant speed be gradually increased.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 2 fiber interconnection layer 20 may include visible two-layer or multilamellar, for example, knot
Structure layer 21 and volume simulation layer 22.Structure sheaf 21 is fixed on the bottom of fiber interconnection layer 20, direction and floss
The contrary direction of gauze kerchief worn on a woman's head line 41.Volume simulation layer 22 is fixed on the top of structure sheaf 21, towards pile yams
Line 41.Multiple fibrolaminar in the case of, fiber interconnection layer is divided into several functions, and for example, structure is strong
Change (layer 21) and volume simulation (layer 22).
Fiber interconnection layer 20 may be produced that the form of single piece of fabric, or it is only to be manufactured into the two panels being combined together
The form of vertical fabric.According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber interconnection layer 20 is formed by needle point method.
In this mechanical joining method, fiber passes through felt pin and moves and intersect in non woven structure.This operation increases
Frictional force between fiber, thus strengthen non-woven fiber.For distinguishing the structure of non-woven fabric, described net
Structure can be formed using the special machine being provided with structure fork (structuring fork) and crown needle further.
The structure on surface is formed as velvet-like or crest line shape, or has geometry or linearity pattern.Needle point method is to ecology
Friendly technology, because it can use recycled materials, described recycled materials include coming autohemagglutination to benzene two
The material of formic acid second diester bottle and the fiber being regenerated by clothing, and natural fiber.Other technologies can be used
To form non-woven fabric, to obtain fiber interconnection layer 20.
Fiber interconnection layer 20 can be made up of up to eight kinds of different types of fibers.If necessary, each fiber is equal
Can have different colors.The type of fiber may include water absorbent fiber, for example coir fibre (coco), cotton,
Tossa, Pilus Caprae seu Oviss, artificial silk or other naturally occurring or synthetic fibers.The type of fiber can further include to close
Become fiber, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA) and polyester (PES), or their group
Close.Fiber can be processed, for example, be processed using anti-algae agent (anti-algae), using at herbicide
Manage, processed using UV stabilizer or be allowed to antistatic.Described fiber can be fused fiber.Described fiber
May also include mineral-based fibers, animal based fibres or plant based fiber etc..
If as shown in figure 1, fiber interconnection layer 20 is formed as monolayer, it is applied in combination the mixed of following fiber
Compound：There is pliability and form the fiber of the relative thin-walled of relatively compact structure, therefore have relatively low
Roughness value；Fiber that is hard and forming the relatively sparse relative heavy wall of structure, therefore has relatively
Low roughness value.In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention embodiment, the density of fiber interconnection layer 20 can be from layer
20 bottom is gradually increased to top.Thus, the roughness of fiber can gradually from the bottom of layer 20 to top
Increase.By designing fiber interconnection layer 20 in this way, provide structural support to nanocluster 40, right
The protection of bending point 42 of nanocluster 40 and impact absorbency, so that artificial grass 10 has more natural touching
Sense.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, if fiber interconnection layer 20 is formed as monolayer, as Fig. 2 institute
Show, then structure sheaf 21 is formed by the fiber of thin-walled relatively, described fiber has pliability and forms cause relatively
Close structure.Therefore, the fiber with relatively low linear mass density (dtex value) is selected to be used for tying
Structure layer 21.Structure sheaf 21 is used for fixing nanocluster 40.Structure sheaf 21 provides the size of artificial grass 10 steady
Bending point 42 that is qualitative and protecting nanocluster 40.The scope of the linear mass density of the fiber of structure sheaf 21 is excellent
Choosing about 3,3dtex～about 110dtex, more preferably from about 11dtex.
Volume simulation layer 22 is more than the fiber of the fiber linear mass density of structure sheaf 21 by linear mass density
Formed.The scope of the linear mass density of the fiber of volume simulation layer 22 preferably from about 11dtex～about 600
Dtex, more preferably from about 110dtex.As a result, volume simulation layer 22 also have thick higher than the fiber of structure sheaf 21
Rugosity (weight of unit fibre length).High roughness value represents thick fibre wall, make fiber hard and not
Can disintegrate.Therefore, the volume simulation layer 22 of fiber interconnection layer 20 is thicker than structure sheaf 21 and more coarse.
The fiber with higher dtex value is selected to be used for volume simulation layer 22, thus fiber interconnection layer 20 being capable of conduct
Impact absorbing layer works, and makes artificial grass 10 have natural sense of touch.
In addition, the fiber of fiber interconnection layer 20 can be made to have velvet-like effect by acupuncture, with natural imitation life
The volume effect of the root area of grass.Due to mechanical acupuncture technique, fiber is pushed out the upper surface of layer 20.
Can be by non-woven materials be placed in brush sewing substrate (stitch base) and to this in this sewing substrate
Non-woven materials carry out acupuncture to prepare the non-woven materials of knitting wool acupuncture.Using the method, then captured by pin
Fiber be pierced between bristle or the thin layer that described acupuncture sews substrate, therefore adopt the non-of the method acupuncture
Braided material has velvet-like outward appearance, and wherein fiber is upright from the teeth outwards.
By knitting wool acupuncture is carried out to fiber interconnection layer 20, make filling yarn 23.Filling yarn 23
Gone out the non-woven fiber shape pad of fiber interconnection layer 20 by thorn, produce the root area of similar natural grass.
Filling yarn 23 makes the upper surface of fiber interconnection layer 20 (towards pile yarns 41) have fluffy outward appearance
And buffering is provided.The pile yarns 41 that filling yarn 23 also aids in nanocluster 40 are upright.Therefore, according to
The artificial grass 10 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention does not need the filling commonly used in existing artificial grass
Thing.
Multiply pile yarns 41 form each nanocluster 40.Nanocluster 40 is incorporated in base material and bending point
The short cluster of the elongated pile yarns of the multiply on 42 41.Nanocluster 40 is embedded in fiber interconnection layer 20.Cluster
Typically completed by following steps：In fiber interconnection layer 20 the embedded reciprocal pin being installed with pile yarns 41 with
Form the nanocluster 40 of yarn.The position of looper or pinhock (generally together being operated with time relationship and pin) is such as
Under：When pin, when it passes through the limiting point of the stroke of fiber interconnection layer 20, looper is located just on pin hole.
When pin reaches this, pile yarns 41 are picked up and of short duration reservation from pin by looper.Yarn coil or yarn
Nanocluster 40 produce from the passage that fiber interconnection layer 20 is drawn back in pin.Generally before coil is due to liner
Repeat this process when entering to leave looper through needle threading device.Then, coil can be cut to cut floss
Line, for example, is combined in sectioned coil during cluster by using the group of looper and cutter.
Pile yarns 41 can be made up of up to four kinds of different types of yarns.If necessary, each yarn
There are different colors.Pile yarns 41 can be monofilament, band or combinations thereof.Pile yarns 41
Linear mass density scope preferably from about 400dtex～about 3000dtex, more preferably from about 1600dtex.Cluster
The fibril quantity of the pile yarns 41 in shape thing 40 is 2～10, preferably 6.Gauge (the row of nanocluster
The distance between) be 1/16 "～1/2 ", usually 3/8 ", 3/16 " or 1/8 ".Longitudinal cluster of nanocluster is close
Spend for 8/10cm～30/10cm, and preferred 12/10cm.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2 the height H3 of fiber interconnection layer 20 can
To be about 3mm～about 15mm, more preferably from about 8mm.Filling yarn 23 can be from fiber interconnection layer 20
Upper surface extends, and extended height H2 can be about 1mm～about 20mm, more preferably from about 10mm.Pile
Yarn 41 can extend about 1mm～about 20mm, more preferably 10mm (height H1) from filling yarn 23.
The overall height H 4 of artificial grass 10 can be about 10mm～about 60mm, more preferably from about 28mm.
Liner 30 is applied on fiber interconnection layer 20, completes step to strengthen admittedly nanocluster as last
It is scheduled on fiber interconnection layer 20.According to the preferred embodiment for the present invention, liner 30 can be capped lining
Pad, for example, polyethylene (PE) liner that coated with powder or hot melt coatings mode.Liner 30 can enter one
Step is calendering liner or emulsion gasket.
In final operation, the back side of fiber interconnection layer 20 or sewing surface are coated by binding agent, such as sky
So or the rubber of synthesis or resin emulsion or emulsion or powder or hotmelt, existed with strengthening nanocluster 40
Locking on fiber interconnection layer 20 or fixation.Make to improve the size of tufted turf 10 in this way further
Stability, leads to the durability of turf more preferable.Can pass through in final operation in tufted fiber interconnection layer 20
Upper enforcement lamination, to provide further stability, for example, is laminated by polypropylene, polyethylene or ethylene-the third
Thermoplastic film or braiding or non-woven fabric that alkene copolymer or natural fiber (such as tossa) are made.
Described adhesive combines fiber interconnection layer 20 on liner 30.
In order to provide according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention to ecological friendly artificial grass 10, interconnection
Fibrous layer 20, nanocluster 40, liner 30 all can be made up of callable material, such as 100% polyolefin.
Other settings of purpose for completing embodiments of the present invention will be to those skilled in the art
Obviously.Although it should be understood that having discussed preferred embodiment, specifically for assembly of the invention
Construction and configuration and material, but can make with details in a variety of manners various changes or improve without departing from
Scope and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. it is used for the tufted structure (10) of landscape and sports applications, it includes：
By the fiber interconnection layer (20) that one or more natural and/or synthetic fibers are made, and
It is embedded in the pile yarns (41) in fiber interconnection layer (20), described pile yarns (41) are fixed on
On described fiber interconnection layer (20),
Wherein, the density of described fiber interconnection layer (20) drops from the bottom of fiber interconnection layer (20) to top
Low.
2. it is used for the tufted structure of landscape and sports applications, it includes：
By the fiber interconnection layer (20) that one or more natural and/or synthetic fibers are made, and
It is embedded in the pile yarns (41) in fiber interconnection layer (20), described pile yarns (41) are fixed on
On described fiber interconnection layer,
Wherein, the thickness of described fiber interconnection layer is at least 3mm.
3. tufted structure (10) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, is made by knitting wool needle point method
The filling yarn (23) that the upper surface of fiber interconnection layer (20) of sening as an envoy to extends, filling yarn (23) makes
The upper surface of fiber interconnection layer (20) has velvet-like outward appearance, thus by assisting pile yarns (41) upright
To provide structural support to pile yarns (41), the root area of natural imitation SHENGCAO simultaneously provides buffering.
4. tufted structure (10) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, fiber interconnection layer (20) wraps
Include lower floor (21) and upper strata (22), lower floor (21) is located at the bottom of fiber interconnection layer (20), upper strata
(22) it is located at the top of lower floor (21), the fiber coarseness of upper strata (22) is more than lower floor (21).
5. tufted structure (10) as claimed in claim 4, wherein, lower floor (21) is for fixing floss
Gauze kerchief worn on a woman's head line (41) simultaneously provides the structure sheaf of dimensional stability.
6. the tufted structure (10) as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein, upper strata (22) are volumes
Simulation layer, it works as impact absorbing layer and makes artificial grass (10) have natural sense of touch.
7. the tufted structure (10) as any one of claim 4-6, wherein, lower floor (21) by
Fiber is formed, and described fiber has more pliability and forms the structure finer and close than the fiber constituting upper strata (22),
The linear mass density of the fiber of lower floor (21) is less than the fiber constituting upper strata (22).
8. tufted structure (10) as claimed in claim 7, the wherein linear matter of the fiber of lower floor (21)
Metric density scope is about 3.3dtex～about 110dtex.
9. tufted structure (10) as claimed in claim 7 or 8, the line of its fiber of (22) at the middle and upper levels
Property amount density range is about 11dtex～about 600dtex.
10. tufted structure (10) as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein, wherein, by fiber interconnection
Layer (20) is manufactured into the independent fabric that single piece of fabric or two panels are combined together.
The 11. tufted structures (10) as any one of claim 1-10, wherein, described interconnection is fine
Dimension layer (20) is formed by needle point method.
The 12. tufted structures (10) as any one of claim 1-11, wherein, described interconnection is fine
Dimension layer (20) is made up of not more than eight kinds of different types of fibers.
The 13. tufted structures (10) as any one of claim 1-12, wherein, fiber interconnection layer
(20), pile yarns (41) and by pile yarns (41) strengthening be fixed on fiber interconnection layer (20)
Liner (30) made by ecological friendly material, described ecological friendly material can be torn open by machinery
Solution is such that it is able to 100% ground reclaims.
The 14. tufted structures (10) as any one of claim 1-13, wherein, described interconnection is fine
Dimension layer (20), pile yarns (41) and liner (30) are made up of 100% polyolefin.
15. are used for manufacturing tufted structure, for example, be used for the side of the artificial grass (10) of landscape and sports applications
Method, it comprises the following steps：
Fiber interconnection layer (20) is formed by needle point method, the density of described fiber interconnection layer (20) is from interconnection
The bottom of fibrous layer (20) reduces to top；
The filling yarn (23) making the upper surface of fiber interconnection layer (20) extend is made by knitting wool needle point method,
So that the upper surface of fiber interconnection layer (20) has velvet-like outward appearance；
Pile yarns (41) are embedded in fiber interconnection layer (20)；With
Pile yarns (41) are fixed on the back side of fiber interconnection layer (20).
16. are used for manufacturing tufted structure, for example, be used for the side of the artificial grass (10) of landscape and sports applications
Method, it comprises the following steps：
Lower floor (21) is formed with multiple natural and/or synthetic fibers by needle point method；
Upper strata (22), described natural and/or conjunction are formed with multiple natural and/or synthetic fibers by needle point method
Become the fiber higher than lower floor (21) for the linear mass density of fiber, the structure of lower floor (21) is than upper strata (22)
Fine and close；
Upper strata (22) are placed in the top of lower floor (21) to form fiber interconnection layer (20)；
The filling yarn (23) making the upper surface on upper strata (22) extend is made by knitting wool needle point method, thus
The upper surface making upper strata (22) has velvet-like outward appearance；
Pile yarns (41) are embedded in fiber interconnection layer (20)；With
Pile yarns (41) are fixed on the back side of fiber interconnection layer (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13197271.3 | 2013-12-13 | ||
| US14/105,298 | 2013-12-13 | ||
| EP13197271.3A EP2883988B1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | Artificial turf for landscape and sports |
| US14/105,298 US10190267B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | Artificial turf for landscape and sports |
| PCT/EP2014/077092 WO2015086626A1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2014-12-09 | Tufted structure for landscape and sports |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106414828A true CN106414828A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
| CN106414828B CN106414828B (en) | 2018-12-28 |
Family
ID=52302178
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480067685.XA Expired - Fee Related CN106414828B (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2014-12-09 | Tufted structure for landscape and sport |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3080346B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106414828B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2743454T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL3080346T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015086626A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20200048831A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2020-02-13 | Low & Bonar B.V. | Primary backing for artificial turf, method for its manufacture and artificial turf comprising the primary backing |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1154842A (en) | 1965-07-21 | 1969-06-11 | Ici Ltd | Raised Tufted, Bonded Fibrous Structures |
| IT992893B (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1975-09-30 | Lutravil Spinnvlies | HIGH RESISTANCE AND DIMENSIONALLY STABLE SPINNING VEILS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION |
| DE2452136A1 (en) * | 1974-11-02 | 1976-05-06 | Pegulan Werke Ag | Light, tufted carpet prodn. - from light pile and needling of backing with pile yarn fibres |
| SG122748A1 (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 2006-06-29 | Fieldturf Inc | Synthetic turf |
| AU4688200A (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2001-06-04 | Daniel A. Daluise | Vertically draining, rubber-filled synthetic turf and method of manufacture |
| DE202005013023U1 (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2006-12-28 | Carcoustics Tech Center Gmbh | Tufted carpet material, for lining automobile interiors, has a needle-bonded nonwoven carrier of fusible fibers with a pile surface formed by a tufting machine |
| DE102007020818B3 (en) * | 2007-05-02 | 2009-01-02 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Process for the preparation of a deformable tufted product |
| ES2734477T3 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2019-12-10 | Watershed Geosynthetics Llc | Synthetic floor covering system with joint filling for erosion control |
-
2014
- 2014-12-09 ES ES14824790T patent/ES2743454T3/en active Active
- 2014-12-09 CN CN201480067685.XA patent/CN106414828B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-12-09 PL PL14824790T patent/PL3080346T3/en unknown
- 2014-12-09 EP EP14824790.1A patent/EP3080346B1/en active Active
- 2014-12-09 WO PCT/EP2014/077092 patent/WO2015086626A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106414828B (en) | 2018-12-28 |
| WO2015086626A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
| EP3080346B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
| PL3080346T3 (en) | 2019-11-29 |
| EP3080346A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| ES2743454T3 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10190267B2 (en) | Artificial turf for landscape and sports | |
| US10370799B2 (en) | Tufted structure for landscape and sports | |
| CN107208337A (en) | The tectosome of packing material distribution | |
| CN101962872A (en) | Technology for processing non-woven fabric | |
| FR3027925A3 (en) | BREATHABLE CIRCULAR MESH FABRIC | |
| CN106414828A (en) | Tufted structure for landscape and sports | |
| JP4075197B2 (en) | Pile network, composite material and manufacturing method thereof | |
| EP2883988B1 (en) | Artificial turf for landscape and sports | |
| CN201727213U (en) | Anion wool and silk quilt | |
| CN209284878U (en) | It is knitted cloth tufted carpet | |
| CN206170794U (en) | No quilting FEATHER PRODUCTS | |
| CN207889284U (en) | A kind of jacquard ventilated cloth | |
| CN201849034U (en) | Multi-layer composite non-woven fabric | |
| CN205549687U (en) | Can pull integral type oil absorption felt | |
| CN207549619U (en) | A kind of crude fibre roses and lace composite material | |
| CN208242894U (en) | A kind of sweater with pocket | |
| JP3463784B2 (en) | Vegetation mat for river embankment | |
| CN202644038U (en) | Singleside moisture conductive double-faced fabric | |
| CN218140279U (en) | Anti-unhairing artificial fur | |
| CN215040871U (en) | Polyester fabric with noctilucent effect | |
| CN215512651U (en) | High ventilative indiscriminate numb dacron grey cloth | |
| JP3072417B2 (en) | Rug | |
| CN214727022U (en) | Synthetic leather base cloth capable of preventing silking during cutting | |
| CN206219763U (en) | A kind of wide cut environmentally-friendly digital direct-injection warp knit flag cloth | |
| JP3222141U (en) | Warp knitting artificial turf |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: Cresme, Belgium Patentee after: BFS European Limited by Share Ltd Address before: Crestorm, Belgium Patentee before: BFS European Limited by Share Ltd |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20181228 Termination date: 20201209 |