CN106407518B - Electrode ground resistance, the computational methods of electrode spacing and field pole layout method - Google Patents

Electrode ground resistance, the computational methods of electrode spacing and field pole layout method Download PDF

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CN106407518B
CN106407518B CN201610796956.6A CN201610796956A CN106407518B CN 106407518 B CN106407518 B CN 106407518B CN 201610796956 A CN201610796956 A CN 201610796956A CN 106407518 B CN106407518 B CN 106407518B
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electrode
electrodes
transmitter
radius
resistance
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CN106407518A (en
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真齐辉
底青云
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses emission electrode ground resistance, the computational methods of electrode spacing and field pole layout method in a kind of electrical prospecting.The computational methods of the electrode ground resistance include step：It is r to determine radius0Rounded face electrode ground resistance calculate model；It is r by deriving acquisition radius0Rounded face electrode ground resistanceWherein, ρ is soil resistivity.The computational methods of ground resistance provided by the invention suitable for electric prospecting electrode, can quickly calculate electrode grounding resistance, save construction material；And it can quickly calculate soil resistivity using transmitter；In the case of multi-electrode laying, to weaken the influence of screen effect, electrode spacing can be quickly obtained, quickly and easily theoretical direction is provided for field construction.

Description

Electrode grounding resistance, electrode spacing calculation method and field electrode arrangement method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a calculation method of electrode grounding resistance and electrode spacing in electrical prospecting and a field electrode layout method.
Background
The lightning rod design of infrastructure facilities, the electrical equipment grounding and the like all need to have strict requirements on the grounding resistance, and the application in different fields is realized, the calculation formula of the grounding resistance suitable for corresponding engineering is different due to the difference of grounding bodies, and the calculation formula of the grounding resistance applied in other fields can only be used as a reference due to the difference of processes and shapes of electrodes applied in the electrical prospecting and other fields from construction methods or electrode materials, and is not suitable for the calculation of the grounding resistance of the transmitting electrode for the electrical prospecting.
For transmitters for electrical prospecting, the handling of the ground resistance is an important part of the decision on the quality of the construction. If the ground resistance is not treated, the construction work may not be performed normally. From the field construction of electrical prospecting workers in China at present, the understanding of the grounding resistance generally exists only in a qualitative view. Without guidance of a proper theoretical formula, a constructor generally processes the electrode by experience or feeling, or lays the electrode greatly or digs an electrode pit everywhere, so that the construction material is greatly wasted, and the labor intensity of the constructor is increased.
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a method for calculating the grounding resistance of the transmitting electrode in electrical prospecting, so as to realize rapid calculation of the grounding resistance of the electrode and reduce the waste of construction materials in electrical prospecting; further, under the condition of multiple electrodes in electrical prospecting, in order to weaken the influence of the interelectrode shielding effect, the method for calculating the electrode spacing is provided, the electrode spacing is calculated quickly, and the construction strength is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for calculating the grounding resistance of an electrode, and aims to solve the technical problem that the grounding resistance of the electrode cannot be quickly calculated in the prior art, so that construction materials are wasted.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for calculating the grounding resistance of an electrode, which is applied to the calculation of the grounding resistance of a transmitting electrode of a transmitter in electrical prospecting, and is characterized in that the method for calculating the grounding resistance of the electrode comprises the following steps:
determining a transmitting electrode of a transmitter in the electrical prospecting, wherein the transmitting electrode of the transmitter has a radius r 0 The circular surface electrode of (1);
determining the radius as r 0 The ground resistance calculation model of the circular surface electrode;
according to said radius r 0 The ground resistance calculation model of the circular surface electrode determines that the radius is r 0 The grounding resistance of the circular surface electrode is as follows:
R 0 ＝ρ/(πr 0 )
where ρ is the soil resistivity.
Further, the method for calculating the electrode grounding resistance further comprises the following steps:
the ground area S of the circular surface electrode is adopted to replace the radius r 0 And obtaining the grounding resistance of the surface electrode as follows:
the invention also provides a calculation method of the electrode spacing, which is applied to the calculation of the distance between the transmitting electrodes in the electrical prospecting, and the calculation method of the electrode spacing comprises the following steps:
determining a potential at a midpoint between the two electrodes;
setting a potential at a midpoint between two electrodes to be equal to or less than 10% of a potential of the emitter electrode;
calculating the grounding resistance of said transmitting electrode by using the electrode grounding resistance calculation method claimed in claim;
and obtaining the distance between the two electrodes according to the grounding resistance of the transmitting electrode and the relationship between the potential at the midpoint between the two electrodes and the potential of the transmitting electrode.
Further, the potential at the midpoint between the two electrodes is:
where I is the emission current, ρ is the resistivity of the soil, and d is the distance between the two electrodes.
Further, the potential at the midpoint between the two electrodes is set to 10% or less of the potential of the transmitting electrode, i.e., the potential at the midpoint between the two electrodes is set to be equal to or less than
Wherein V is the emitter electrode potential.
Further, the grounding resistance of the transmitting electrode is
Due to the fact that
Then the
The electrode distance calculation method further comprises the following steps:
further, the electrode distance calculation method further includes the steps of: correcting the emitting electrode, and if the emitting electrode is a square electrode, setting the side length of the emitting electrode as l 0 Then, there are:
if the emitter electrode is a circular surface electrode, the radius of the emitter electrode is set as r 0 Then, there are:
d>20·(r 0 +1)。
the invention also provides a field electrode arrangement method, which is applied to field arrangement of transmitter electrodes in electrical prospecting and comprises the following steps:
determining the size of a transmitter electrode according to the landform of a work area;
the resistivity of the soil around the transmitter electrode grounding body is improved by processing the electrode pits;
embedding the transmitter electrode with determined size in the processed electrode pit;
estimating the grounding resistance of the transmitter electrode according to the calculation method of electrode grounding resistance of claim 1 or 2, using the transmitter power supply;
determining the number of the transmitter electrodes according to the required grounding resistance;
when the number of the transmitter electrodes exceeds the preset number, the required grounding resistance is determined again;
the method of calculating an electrode distance according to claim 7, determining a distance between electrodes;
and the transmitter is used for supplying power to verify the correctness of the calculation result.
Further, the grounding resistance of the electrodes after the electrodes are laid is determined according to the distance between the electrodes calculated by the method for calculating the electrode spacing, and the grounding resistance of a single electrode is assumed to be R 0 And the number of the transmitter electrodes is n, then the grounding resistance R of the n electrodes is:
the technical effect obtained by adopting the technical scheme is as follows: the method for calculating the grounding resistance of the electrode suitable for electrical prospecting provided by the embodiment of the invention can quickly calculate the grounding resistance value of the electrode; under the condition of multi-electrode arrangement, in order to weaken the influence of shielding effect, the electrode spacing can be quickly obtained, and quick and convenient theoretical guidance is provided for field construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention with a radius of r 0 The calculation model of the grounding resistance of the circular surface electrode;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the calculation of R according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 A schematic of a volume element of (a);
FIG. 3 is a graph of current density and potential distribution for two electrodes of the same polarity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a geometric model of a numerical calculation of two electrodes of the same polarity constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal line potential curve through two electrodes in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic layout design diagram of two sets of electrodes for field experiment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The method for calculating the grounding resistance of the electrode suitable for electrical prospecting provided by the embodiment of the invention can quickly calculate the grounding resistance value of the electrode; and quickly calculating the resistivity of the soil by using a transmitter; under the condition of multi-electrode arrangement, in order to weaken the influence of shielding effect, reasonable electrode spacing can be quickly obtained, and quick and convenient theoretical guidance is provided for field construction.
In this embodiment, first, the ground resistance of the transmitting electrode of the transmitter in the electrical prospecting is calculated by the following procedure:
determining the transmitting electrode of the transmitter in the electrical prospecting, wherein the assumed electrode has a radius r 0 The round surface electrode of (1) is horizontally and directly contacted with the earth surface soil, and if a uniform infinite half-space earth is arranged below the earth surface soil, as shown in figure 1, figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention with radius r 0 The ground resistance of the circular surface electrode of (1). In FIG. 1, the radius is r 0 The ground resistance of the circular surface electrode consists of three parts, the first part is the resistance of the circular surface electrode and can be ignored, and the second part is r 0 Radius hemisphere resistance R 1 The third part is composed of 0 Resistance R formed by other resistances 2 . Below are respectively directed to R 1 、R 2 And (6) solving.
For R 1 Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the calculation of R according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 Schematic diagram of volume element.
Then there are:
obtaining according to a parallel resistance formula and integration:
thus, there are:
for with respect to 0 Resistance R formed by other resistances 2 Then, there are:
to R 2 Obtaining by integration:
therefore, the method comprises the following steps:
R 1 ＝R 2 (6)
it can thus be derived that the electrode ground resistance is:
therefore, in a uniform half space, the grounding resistance and the electrode radius are in a simple inverse relation, and the grounding resistance can be equivalently reduced by increasing the electrode radius. The above is a formula for the circular grounding electrode, and in order to obtain a more general formula, the grounding radius r of the circular surface electrode is replaced by the grounding area S of the circular surface electrode 0 Thus, there are:
as can be seen, the ground resistance of the circular surface electrode is equal toThe grounding area S of the circular surface electrode is in inverse proportion, rather than simple proportional relation, so that the area of the electrode is continuously increased, when the area is smaller, the grounding resistance is obviously reduced, and when the area of the electrode exceeds 1m 2 Then, the decrease of the grounding resistance becomes gradually insignificant, and the electrode material utilization rate gradually decreases.
If the grounding electrode is a rectangle, because the rectangle with a certain area and the square with the shortest circumference, after the soil resistivity and the required grounding resistance parameter are determined, the side length of the square grounding electrode is used as follows:
when the area of the emitter electrode is taken as 0.25m 2 At this time, there are:
the grounding resistance of the transmitting electrode is approximately equal to the soil resistivity, and by utilizing the characteristic, the soil resistivity can be rapidly obtained without the problem of measuring the resistivity by using a special instrument.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a calculation method of the electrode spacing.
In the case of multiple electrodes, the shielding effect between the electrodes must be taken into account, i.e. the effect that the current path of one electrode is hindered from the current path of the other electrode, resulting in an increase in the respective ground resistance, and increasing the inter-electrode distance is the only way to reduce this shielding effect. The embodiment of the invention provides a method for reasonably calculating the interelectrode distance.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a graph showing current density and potential distribution of two electrodes with the same polarity according to the embodiment of the present invention. Suppose an electrode A 1 、A 2 The electrodes with the same polarity are arranged, and the potential at the midpoint O between the two electrodes is the lowest, and is:
where I is the emission current, ρ is the resistivity of the soil, and d is the distance between the two electrodes (i.e., the electrode spacing).
To reduce the influence of the shadowing effect, the potential at the midpoint O is then equal to or less than 10% of the electrode potential V, i.e.:
the electrode grounding resistance is obtained by adopting the electrode grounding resistance calculation method
Due to the fact thatThus, there are:
because the electrode can not be seen as an ideal point, a correction is needed only by adding the ratio of the size of the electrode to the electrode distance to the calculated result, if a square electrode is used, the side length is l 0 Then, there are:
similarly, if a circular surface electrode is used, its radius is r 0 Then, there are:
d>20·(r 0 +1) (15)
it can be seen that the influence of reducing the shielding effect is mainly determined by the size of the electrode and is not related to the resistivity of the soil, which brings great convenience to construction, and as long as the size of the electrode is determined, the distance between the electrodes can be determined.
The following experimental verification was performed on the calculation formula of the electrode spacing:
to determine the correctness of the above formula, please refer to fig. 4 and fig. 5, in which fig. 4 is a geometric model of numerical calculation of two electrodes with the same polarity constructed by the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal line potential curve through two electrodes in an embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 4A 1 、A 2 The electrode having a square cross section with a side length of 1m and a buried depth of 0.3m was obtained by equation (13) with a polar distance d =22.6m, and the earth was a uniform half space with a resistivity ρ =100 Ω · m. At A 1 、A 2 The two electrodes are simultaneously added with 100V potential, and the potential at infinity is 0V.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, two electrodes A are provided 1 、A 2 The potential at the middle was 10V, which was 10% of the potential at the electrodes, the electrode size was varied while obtaining the inter-electrode distance using equation (13), and the calculation of the midpoint potential between the two electrodes was repeated as described above, and the results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 calculation of different electrode sizes for different inter-polar distances
From the calculation results, the calculation results of the O point potential are very close to the theoretical value of 10V, and basically consistent with the results of the theoretical derivation in the foregoing, which illustrates the correctness of the theoretical derivation.
Assuming that the electrodes can be regarded as ideal point sources, n pairs of electrodes are provided, the soil resistivity is rho, the designed grounding resistance is R, and the grounding resistance of a single electrode is R 0 Considering that the equations (14) and (15) are derived under the condition of 10% potential error, and therefore, under the condition of multiple electrodes, error correction is required, the following equation is givenVertically:
from the above analysis, it can be known that the magnitude of the resistivity of the soil in the work area has an important influence on the field electrode arrangement, the above analysis is that the calculation of electrode treatment is not carried out, in the actual construction operation process, the resistivity of the soil in the above formula cannot be used as the true resistivity value, if the true resistivity of the soil is used, the engineering quantity required by the electrode arrangement is very large, so that the electrode pit is usually treated to improve the resistivity of the soil around the grounding body, so that the improved equivalent resistivity of the soil is reduced, and after the equivalent resistivity of the soil is measured by using the formula (10), the construction is carried out according to the above method.
The invention provides a field electrode arrangement method, which is applied to field arrangement of transmitter electrodes in electrical prospecting and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining the size of a transmitter electrode according to the landform of a work area;
the resistivity of the soil around the grounding body of the transmitter electrode is improved by processing the electrode pit;
burying the transmitter electrode with determined size in the processed electrode pit;
utilizing the transmitter to supply power, and determining the grounding resistance of the transmitter electrode according to the electrode grounding resistance calculation method;
determining the number of the transmitter electrodes according to the required grounding resistance;
when the number of the transmitter electrodes exceeds the preset number, the required grounding resistance is determined again;
determining the distance between the electrodes according to the calculation method of the electrode distance;
and the transmitter is used for supplying power, and the correctness of the calculation result is verified.
Specifically, firstly, determining the size of an electrode according to the topography of a work area, processing an electrode pit, and improving the resistivity of soil around a grounding body; then burying an electrode, processing the electrode, and determining a grounding resistance by using a transmitter for power supply; determining the number of electrodes according to the grounding resistance required by design, and if the number of electrodes is too much, determining the grounding resistance of one electrode according to the previous method; then determining the polar distance by using the formula (14) or the formula (15), and burying all the electrodes according to the above method; and finally, turning on the transmitter, and carrying out power supply verification.
In order to verify the practicability of the formula, a field emission electrode experiment is carried out in Mongolia Cao, the environment of an electrode burying place is a thick coarse sand mountain land, water seepage is rapid, the resistivity is very high, water locking treatment is needed, and the moisture is locked by adding bentonite, so that the purpose of reducing the resistivity of soil is achieved.
The electrode distance between the electrode A and the electrode B is 1.5km, the single electrode is designed to be 1m × 4m, the length between two pits on the same side is 30m to 40m, as shown in fig. 6, and fig. 6 is a layout design schematic diagram of two groups of electrodes in a field experiment in the embodiment of the invention. The aluminum foil paper is used as a conductive electrode, in field construction, the salt used by each pole pit is different, 10-coated salt is used for some pole pits, 20-coated salt is used for some pole pits, the difference is large, and because bentonite is clay which mainly comprises montmorillonite and has poor electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, the bentonite has large influence on the electrical resistivity of the pole pits by using different amounts of salt, so that the electrical resistivity of different pole pits is treated differently, and the treatment result deviates from the theoretical value and belongs to a normal phenomenon. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 field test results of ground resistance
The A electrode B electrode used Ground resistance (omega)
A1 B1 48～49
A1A2 B1B2 32～33
A3A4 B3B4 31～32
A1A4 B1B4 29～30
A1A2A4 B1B2B4 24～25
A1A2A3A4 B1B2B3B4 20～21
The results of field experiments can be obtained as follows:
(1) As the number of electrode pairs increases, the ground resistance decreases;
(2) The larger the electrode distance on the same side is, the smaller the shielding effect between the electrodes is, and the smaller the grounding resistance is.
(3) The ground resistance of a single electrode pair is about 50 Ω, and according to equation (16), the ground resistance of two pairs of electrode pairs should be half of the single electrode pair plus a 10% error, i.e.:
the three electrode pairs should be 10% of the ideal two pairs plus 10% of the ideal four pairs averaged as the median error term, that is:
the ground resistance of the four pairs of electrode pairs should be such that when 1/4 of an electrode pair plus 10% of one half of the two pairs plus 10% of a single electrode pair, i.e.:
the results calculated by the above formula substantially agree with the experimental results shown in table 2.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent functional transformations that can be applied to the present invention and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for calculating the distance between the electrodes is applied to the calculation of the distance between the transmitting electrodes in electrical prospecting, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a potential at a midpoint between the two electrodes;
setting the potential at the midpoint between the two electrodes to be equal to or less than 10% of the potential of the emitter electrode;
calculating the grounding resistance of the transmitting electrode;
the electrode grounding resistance calculation method comprises the following steps:
determining a transmitting electrode of a transmitter in the electrical prospecting, wherein the transmitting electrode of the transmitter has a radius r 0 The circular surface electrode of (1);
determining the radius as r 0 The ground resistance calculation model of the circular surface electrode;
according to said radius being r 0 The ground resistance calculation model of the circular surface electrode determines that the radius is r 0 The grounding resistance of the circular surface electrode is as follows:
R 0 ＝ρ/(πr 0 )
wherein rho is the soil resistivity;
and obtaining the distance between the two electrodes according to the grounding resistance of the transmitting electrode and the relation between the electric potential at the midpoint between the two electrodes and the electric potential of the transmitting electrode.
2. The method for calculating the electrode distance according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the electrode ground resistance further comprises the steps of:
the ground area S of the circular surface electrode is adopted to replace the radius r 0 The ground resistance of the obtained surface electrode is as follows:
3. the method of calculating the electrode spacing of claim 2, wherein the potential at the midpoint between the two electrodes is:
where I is the emission current, ρ is the resistivity of the soil, and d is the distance between the two electrodes.
4. The method of calculating an electrode distance according to claim 3, wherein the potential at the midpoint between two electrodes is set to 10% or less of the potential of the emitter electrode
Wherein V is the emitter electrode potential.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the ground resistance of the emitter electrode is
Due to the fact that
Then
6. The method of calculating an electrode distance according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
correcting the emitting electrode, and if the emitting electrode is a square electrode, setting the side length of the emitting electrode as l 0 Then, there are:
if the emitter electrode is a circular surface electrode, the radius is set as r 0 Then, there are:
d>20·(r 0 +1)。
7. a field electrode layout method is applied to field layout of transmitter electrodes in electrical prospecting and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the size of a transmitter electrode according to the landform of a work area;
the resistivity of the soil around the transmitter electrode grounding body is improved by processing the electrode pits;
burying the transmitter electrode with determined size in the processed electrode pit;
estimating the grounding resistance of the transmitter electrode by utilizing the power supply of the transmitter;
the electrode grounding resistance calculation method comprises the following steps:
determining the transmitting electrode of the transmitter in the electrical prospecting, wherein the transmitting electrode of the transmitter has a radius r 0 The circular surface electrode of (1);
determining the radius as r 0 The ground resistance calculation model of the circular surface electrode;
according to said radius r 0 The ground resistance calculation model of the circular surface electrode determines that the radius is r 0 The grounding resistance of the circular surface electrode is as follows:
R 0 ＝ρ/(πr 0 )
wherein ρ is the soil resistivity;
determining the number of the transmitter electrodes according to the required grounding resistance;
when the number of the transmitter electrodes exceeds the preset number, the required grounding resistance is determined again;
the method of calculating an electrode distance according to claim 6, determining a distance between electrodes;
and the transmitter is used for supplying power to verify the correctness of the calculation result.
8. The field electrode installation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ground resistance of the electrodes after the electrode installation is determined according to the calculation method of the electrode spacing, and the ground resistance of the single electrode is assumed to be R 0 And the number of the transmitter electrodes is n, then the grounding resistance R of the n electrodes is:
9. the field electrode deployment method of claim 7 wherein the electrode ground resistance calculation method further comprises the steps of:
the ground area S of the circular surface electrode is adopted to replace the radius r 0 The ground resistance of the obtained surface electrode is as follows:
CN201610796956.6A 2016-08-31 2016-08-31 Electrode ground resistance, the computational methods of electrode spacing and field pole layout method Expired - Fee Related CN106407518B (en)

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CN105022097A (en) * 2015-07-09 2015-11-04 广西大学 Soil slope slip surface comprehensive forecasting method
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1378652A (en) * 1999-09-15 2002-11-06 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 Remote reservoir resistivity mapping
CN103954842A (en) * 2014-04-03 2014-07-30 贵州电力试验研究院 Method for determining grounding resistance value of large-scale grounding system
EP3023800A1 (en) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-25 Delta Electronics, Inc. Grounding resistance measurement apparatus and method of operating the same
CN105022097A (en) * 2015-07-09 2015-11-04 广西大学 Soil slope slip surface comprehensive forecasting method

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