CN106404661B - Indoor measuring device for frictional force between soil body and structural object and using method thereof - Google Patents
Indoor measuring device for frictional force between soil body and structural object and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106404661B CN106404661B CN201611004875.4A CN201611004875A CN106404661B CN 106404661 B CN106404661 B CN 106404661B CN 201611004875 A CN201611004875 A CN 201611004875A CN 106404661 B CN106404661 B CN 106404661B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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Abstract
The measuring device comprises a main frame, a soil sample chamber, a shearing mechanism and a loading mechanism, wherein the soil sample chamber, the shearing mechanism and the loading mechanism are arranged in the main frame, an operation table is arranged in the middle of the main frame, the soil sample chamber is placed on the operation table, the bottom of the soil sample chamber is sealed through a piston, the shearing mechanism is arranged at the top of a side vertical rod, the bottom of the shearing mechanism is connected with a dowel bar, a torque sensor is arranged between the dowel bar and the shearing mechanism, a metal disc is fixed at the bottom of the dowel bar, the metal disc enters the soil body of the soil sample chamber, the loading mechanism comprises a lifting stepping motor, an output shaft of the lifting stepping motor is connected with the piston through a connecting piece, a weighing sensor is arranged between the piston and the connecting piece, and the normal force applied to the soil body and the shearing force of the contact surface of the soil body and the metal disc in the test process are respectively acquired through the weighing sensor and the torque sensor, so that the load born by the soil body, the friction force between the soil body and the metal disc and the corresponding relation between the soil body are calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering measurement, in particular to an indoor measuring device for frictional force between a soil body and a structure and a using method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the massive construction of large-scale infrastructures such as energy exploitation, nuclear waste disposal, hydraulic engineering and utilization of underground space, the problem of determining the contact friction between a rock-soil body and a building structure is increasingly focused, and in geotechnical engineering such as mining, hydraulic and hydroelectric power, tunnel, slope reinforcement and foundation pit excavation, the accurate determination of the contact friction between the rock-soil body and the building structure has an important influence on the evaluation of the stability of the geotechnical engineering. The rock-soil body is used as a continuous medium material, and the mechanical property of the rock-soil body can be researched and ascertained by means of in-situ test, indoor test and the like; the mechanical properties of the structure as an artificial material can be measured by a test method; the contact surface of the two materials is discontinuous, and the determination of the material performance near the contact surface needs to rely on special test means. In finite element computation in particular, the boundary conditions of the contact surface are usually determined with emphasis, and whether the boundary conditions of the contact surface are set reasonably or not directly affects the accuracy of computation. Therefore, the determination of the contact friction between the rock-soil body and the building structure has very important theoretical significance and practical engineering application value to the geology discipline and the rock-mass engineering stabilization discipline of the hydroelectric engineering. The test is a main means for determining the friction force between the rock-soil body and the structure, so that the research of the indoor measuring device for the friction force between the soil body and the structure has important significance for solving the problems.
At present, most of the tests in the industry adopt an electric cross plate shearing instrument and mainly aim at the shear strength test of the soil body, however, the friction strength between the soil body and the structural surface is more concerned in engineering construction, and no test device for testing the friction force between the soil body and the structural foundation surface is available in the prior art. Therefore, it is necessary to design a testing device for the friction between the soil body and the structure to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides an indoor measuring device for the frictional force between a soil body and a structure, which can stably and reliably realize the application of extrusion force and shearing force on the contact surface of the soil body and the structure and test the mechanical property between the contact surface of the soil body and the structure, and a use method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a friction measuring device between soil body and structure thing, includes the main frame, set up in soil sample room, shearing mechanism and the loading mechanism in the main frame, the mid-mounting of main frame has the operation panel, the soil sample room place in on the operation panel, the bottom of soil sample room passes through the piston seal, be equipped with experimental soil body in the soil sample room, be fixed with the side pole setting on the operation panel, shearing mechanism install in the top of side pole setting, shearing mechanism's bottom is connected with the dowel bar, the dowel bar with be equipped with torque sensor between the shearing mechanism, the bottom of dowel bar is fixed with the metal disc, the metal disc gets into in the soil body, loading mechanism is located the below of operation panel, loading mechanism includes lift step motor, lift step motor's output shaft pass through the connecting piece connect in the piston, be equipped with weighing sensor between the piston with through weighing sensor with torque sensor gathers respectively in the test process in the soil body normal direction and the corresponding relation of force of metal disc and bearing soil body and metal disc and the friction.
Further, the main frame comprises a bottom plate, upright posts arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, and a cross beam fixed on the top of the upright posts, and the operation table is positioned between the cross beam and the bottom plate.
Further, the upright post is provided with threads in a through length mode and is used for fixing the bottom plate, the operation table and the cross beam to the upright post in a threaded connection mode.
Further, a sliding rail is arranged on the side vertical rod, sliding parts are arranged on two sides of the shearing mechanism, and the shearing mechanism vertically moves along the sliding rail.
Further, the shearing mechanism comprises a bearing bracket and the sliding part is connected, a torsion motor is fixed on the bearing bracket, the bottom of the torsion motor is connected with the dowel bar, and the top of the torsion motor is connected with an angle dial plate through a gear and is used for displaying the rotation angle of the metal disc.
Further, an electric control mechanism is arranged on one side of the main frame, and the torsion motor and the lifting stepping motor are controlled by the electric control mechanism.
Further, the soil sample room includes both ends open-ended barrel, the top of barrel is equipped with the upper cover, the upper cover with seal through first sealing washer between the barrel, the bottom of barrel place in on the operation panel, the barrel bottom edge with seal through the second sealing washer between the operation panel, the operation panel middle part is equipped with the through-hole, the top of piston is located the through-hole top just shelter in the through-hole, the bottom of piston is followed the through-hole downwardly extending with the connecting piece is connected, the piston side with seal through the third sealing washer between the barrel inner wall.
Further, a shaft rod hole is formed in the middle of the upper cover for a bearing to be placed in, and the dowel bar penetrates through the shaft rod hole to be matched with the bearing inner ring.
Further, the upper cover is also provided with a drain hole, threads are arranged on the inner wall of the drain hole, and when the drain is finished, the drain hole is sealed by a screw.
The application method of the device for measuring the friction force between the soil body and the structure comprises the following steps:
step one: loading a soil sample, driving the lifting stepping motor to enable the piston to move to the bottommost part of the soil sample chamber, loading experimental soil into the soil sample chamber, and tamping to a target depth;
step two: positioning a metal disc, namely placing the metal disc on the surface of the soil body, and screwing the dowel bar to enable the dowel bar to be assembled on the metal disc;
step three: installing an upper cover, continuously filling soil into the soil sample chamber, tamping until the soil sample chamber is full, and then installing the upper cover on the top of the soil sample chamber;
step four: the shearing mechanism is installed, the shearing mechanism and the torque sensor are installed at the top of the dowel bar, and the position of the shearing mechanism is adjusted to enable the torque sensor to be screwed tightly;
step five: the lifting stepping motor is started to drive the piston to ascend to press soil in the soil sample chamber;
step six: after the vertical deformation of the soil body is stable, driving the shearing mechanism to shear the contact surface of the soil body and the metal disc until the contact surface is damaged;
step seven: and data acquisition, namely acquiring normal force applied to the soil body and shearing force of the contact surface of the soil body and the metal disc in the test process by the weighing sensor and the torque sensor respectively so as to calculate the load born by the soil body, the friction force between the soil body and the metal disc and the corresponding relation of the soil body and the metal disc.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the vertical loading force is applied to the soil body through the loading mechanism, the normal force born by the soil body can be measured, the shearing mechanism is used for shearing the metal disc, and the shearing force of the contact surface of the soil body and the metal disc can be measured, so that the load born by the soil body, the friction force between the soil body and the metal disc and the corresponding relation between the two are calculated, the mechanical properties of the contact surface of the soil body and the structure are tested, the application of extrusion force and shearing force on the contact surface of the soil body and the structure can be stably and reliably realized, the blank of the mechanical property testing device for the contact surface of the soil body and the structure is filled, the structures with different materials and different types are simulated through the metal discs with different surface roughness, and the friction force between various structures and the contact surface of the soil body is tested on one device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring friction between soil and a structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the shear mechanism of FIG. 1;
in the figure, 1-main frame, 11-bottom plate, 12-upright post, 13-cross beam, 14-operation table, 15-side upright post, 16-slide rail, 2-shearing mechanism, 21-sliding part, 22-bearing bracket, 23-torsion motor, 24-angle dial, 25-dowel bar, 26-torque sensor, 27-metal disc, 3-soil sample chamber, 31-cylinder, 32-upper cover, 33-first sealing ring, 34-bearing, 35-drain hole, 36-second sealing ring, 37-through hole, 38-piston, 39-third sealing ring, 4-loading mechanism, 41-lifting stepping motor, 42-connecting piece and 43-weighing sensor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a device for measuring friction force between soil and a structure, which comprises a main frame 1, a soil sample chamber 3 arranged in the main frame 1, a shearing mechanism 2 and a loading mechanism 4.
As shown in fig. 1, a main frame 1 is a main structure of the device, and has a frame structure, and for convenience of operation of workers, the main frame 1 has a certain height, and various electric control mechanisms are installed at the side surfaces. The main frame 1 comprises a base plate 11, the base plate 11 being in direct contact with the floor/test bench for carrying the whole device. The two sides of the bottom plate 11 are provided with upright posts 12, the two upright posts 12 are provided with threads in a through length mode, and the two upright posts are respectively fixed at two ends of the bottom plate 11 provided with corresponding threaded holes through end threads. The top of the upright posts 12 is provided with a cross beam 13, and the cross beam 13 with round holes penetrates through the two upright posts 12 and is fixed on the upright posts 12 through upper and lower nuts. The bottom plate 11, the upright posts 12 and the cross beams 13 together form a reaction system for providing a reaction force for vertical loading force in experiments. The middle part of the upright post 12 is provided with an operation table 14, and the operation table 14 passes through the upright post 12 through round holes at two ends of the operation table and is fixed on the upright post 12 through upper and lower nuts. The operation panel 14 is provided with a side upright 15 for bearing the shearing mechanism 2, the side upright 15 is rigidly connected to the operation panel 14 in a welding mode, and the side upright 15 is provided with a sliding rail 16 for matching with sliding parts 21 on two sides of the shearing mechanism 2, so that the shearing mechanism 2 can slide up and down along the side upright 15.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shearing mechanism 2 comprises a bearing support 22, the bearing support 22 is connected with a sliding part 21 through four bolts, the bearing support 22 is connected to a side upright 15 through the sliding part 21, a torsion motor 23 is fixed on the bearing support 22, the torsion motor 23 is fixed on the bearing support 22 through four bolts, a dowel bar 25 is connected with the bottom of the torsion motor 23 in a threaded manner, the dowel bar 25 is inserted into soil in the soil sample chamber 3, a metal disc 27 is connected with the bottom of the dowel bar 25 in a threaded manner, and an angle dial 24 is connected with the top of the torsion motor 23 through a gear for displaying the rotation angle of the metal disc 27. The slide portion 21 is connected to the side uprights 15 via slide rails 16, and the position of the metal disc 27 in the soil sample chamber 3 is changed by sliding up and down along the side uprights 15 during the test. A torque sensor 26 is connected between the torsion motor 23 and the dowel bar 25 for measuring the torque applied to the soil in the test, and the torque value is finally converted into the friction force between the soil and the metal disc 27, namely the shearing strength of the contact surface.
As shown in figure 1, the soil sample chamber 3 comprises a cylinder 31 with openings at the upper end and the lower end, the cylinder 31 is a hollow cylindrical stainless steel cavity with an inner diameter of 150mm and a height of 150mm, and the upper end and the lower end are provided with enlarged flanges for being matched and connected with other parts. The top of barrel 31 is equipped with upper cover 32, seals through first sealing washer 33 between upper cover 32 and the barrel 31, realizes sealing through pressure during the test, and upper cover 32 middle part is equipped with the axostylus axostyle hole and supplies bearing 34 to put into, and the dowel steel 25 passes its upper cover's bearing 34 when inserting soil sample room 3 earlier, and dowel steel 25 and bearing 34 inner circle pass through machining precision assembly. In this embodiment, the upper cover 32 is symmetrically provided with drain holes 35 on both sides of the bearing 34 for consolidating and draining soil in the soil sample chamber 3 during the test, the inner wall of the drain hole 35 is provided with threads, and when the draining is finished, the drain hole 35 is sealed by a screw. In other embodiments, the drain hole 35 may also employ a hydraulic controller instead of direct drainage. The bottom of the cylinder 31 is placed on the operation table 14, the bottom edge of the cylinder 31 is sealed with the operation table 14 through a second sealing ring 36, and the sealing is realized through pressure in the test. The middle part of the operating platform 14 is provided with a through hole 37, the diameter of the through hole 37 is 150mm and is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder 31, a piston 38 is arranged in the through hole 37, the top of the piston 38 is positioned above the through hole 37 and is shielded in the through hole 37, the side surface of the top of the piston 38 is assembled with the inner wall of the cylinder 31 through size design, the side surface of the piston 38 is sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder 31 through a third sealing ring 39, tightness in a test is ensured through assembly precision, the bottom of the piston 38 extends downwards from the through hole 37 and is connected with the loading mechanism 4, and during the test, the piston 38 is driven to move up and down in the cylinder 31 through the loading mechanism 4, so that vertical loading of soil bodies is realized.
The loading mechanism 4 is located below the operating platform 14, the loading mechanism 4 comprises a lifting stepping motor 41, the lifting stepping motor 41 is fixed on the bottom plate 11 through a bolt, an output shaft of the lifting stepping motor 41 is connected to the piston 38 through a connecting piece 42, a weighing sensor 43 is arranged between the piston 38 and the connecting piece 42, and the normal force applied to the soil body in the test process is collected through the weighing sensor 43 so as to calculate the load born by the soil body.
One side of the main frame 1 is provided with an electric control mechanism, and the torsion motor 23 and the lifting stepping motor 41 are controlled by the electric control mechanism, and it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the torsion motor 23, the lifting stepping motor 41, the loading mechanism 4 and the shearing mechanism 2 are controlled by corresponding electric control systems, and all the electric control systems adopted by the electric control systems are common in the art, and will not be described in detail herein. And the electronic control system transmits the data collected by the weighing sensor 43 and the torque sensor 26 to the computer system, the weighing sensor 43 and the torque sensor 2 are also common sensors in the art, and should be familiar to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, the load cell 43 has a range of 2kN and the torque sensor 26 has a range of 2Nm. A load cell 43 is installed between the connecting piece 42 and the piston 38 for measuring the pressing force applied to the surface of the metal disc 27, and a torque sensor 26 is installed between the torsion motor 23 and the dowel bar 25 for measuring the shearing force applied to the surface of the metal disc 27, thereby calculating the load born by the soil body, the friction force between the soil body and the metal disc 27, and the correspondence relationship between the two.
The measuring device provided by the invention tests the mechanical properties of the contact surface of the soil body and the structural object, can stably and reliably realize the application of extrusion force and shearing force on the contact surface of the soil body and the structural object, fills the control gap of the mechanical property testing device of the contact surface of the soil body and the structural object, simulates the structural objects with different materials and types through the metal discs with different surface roughness, and can realize the test of friction force between the contact surfaces of various different structural objects and the soil body on one set of device.
The invention also provides a using method of the device for measuring the friction force between the soil body and the structure, which comprises the following steps:
step one: loading a soil sample, driving a lifting stepping motor 41 to enable a piston 38 to move to the bottommost part of the soil sample chamber 3, loading experimental soil into the soil sample chamber 3, and tamping to a target depth;
step two: positioning the metal disc 27, centering the metal disc 27 on the soil body surface, pre-assembling the upper cover 32 with the dowel bar 25 penetrating through the upper cover and the cylinder 31, determining the assembling position of the dowel bar 25 and the metal disc 27 by rotating the dowel bar 25, repeatedly determining the correct position of the metal disc 27, and screwing the dowel bar 25 to be assembled on the metal disc 27;
step three: installing an upper cover 32, lifting the upper cover 32, then continuously loading soil into the soil sample chamber 3 and tamping until the soil sample chamber is full, and then installing the upper cover 3 on the top of the soil sample chamber 3 through bolts;
step four: mounting the shearing mechanism 2, mounting the shearing mechanism 2 and the torque sensor 26 on the top of the dowel bar 25, and adjusting the position of the shearing mechanism 2 to screw the torque sensor 26;
step five: the lifting stepping motor 41 is started to press, the piston 38 is driven to lift, the soil body in the soil sample chamber 3 is pressed, and in the process, the water drain hole 35 of the upper cover 32 allows water to drain;
step six: after the vertical deformation of the soil body is stable, starting a torsion motor 23, and driving a shearing mechanism 2 to shear the contact surface of the soil body and a metal disc 27 until the contact surface is damaged;
step seven: and data acquisition, namely acquiring normal force applied to the soil body and shearing force of the contact surface of the soil body and the metal disc 27 in the test process by the weighing sensor 43 and the torque sensor 26 respectively so as to calculate the load born by the soil body, the friction force between the soil body and the metal disc 27 and the corresponding relation of the two.
Experiments prove that the device for measuring the friction force between the soil body and the structural object in the room can smoothly load the contact surface of the soil body and the structural object, shear the contact surface, has stronger practicability and meets the requirements of the existing engineering construction.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A device for determining friction between a soil body and a structure, comprising: the device comprises a main frame, a soil sample chamber, a shearing mechanism and a loading mechanism, wherein the soil sample chamber, the shearing mechanism and the loading mechanism are arranged in the main frame, an operation table is arranged in the middle of the main frame, the soil sample chamber is arranged on the operation table, the bottom of the soil sample chamber is sealed by a piston, a test soil body is arranged in the soil sample chamber, a side upright rod is fixed on the operation table, the shearing mechanism is arranged at the top of the side upright rod, the bottom of the shearing mechanism is connected with a dowel bar, a torque sensor is arranged between the dowel bar and the shearing mechanism, a metal disc is fixed at the bottom of the dowel bar, the metal disc enters the soil body, the loading mechanism is positioned below the operation table, the loading mechanism comprises a lifting stepping motor, an output shaft of the lifting stepping motor is connected with the piston through a connecting piece, a weighing sensor is arranged between the piston and the connecting piece, and the weighing sensor is used for respectively collecting the normal force applied to the soil body in the test process and the soil body and the load bearing the soil body and the friction relation between the metal disc and the friction soil body and the bearing surface; the soil sample chamber comprises a cylinder body with two open ends, an upper cover is arranged at the top of the cylinder body, the upper cover and the cylinder body are sealed by a first sealing ring, the bottom of the cylinder body is arranged on the operation table, the bottom edge of the cylinder body and the operation table are sealed by a second sealing ring, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the operation table, the top of the piston is positioned above the through hole and shielded in the through hole, the bottom of the piston downwards extends from the through hole to be connected with the connecting piece, and the side surface of the piston is sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder body by a third sealing ring; the upper cover is also provided with a drain hole, the inner wall of the drain hole is provided with threads, and when the drain is finished, the drain hole is sealed by a screw rod; the side vertical rods are provided with sliding rails, sliding parts are arranged on two sides of the shearing mechanism, and the side vertical rods vertically move along the sliding rails; the shearing mechanism comprises a bearing bracket and a sliding part, a torsion motor is fixed on the bearing bracket, the bottom of the torsion motor is connected with the dowel bar, and the top of the torsion motor is connected with an angle dial through a gear and is used for displaying the rotation angle of the metal disc; one side of the main frame is provided with an electric control mechanism, and the torsion motor and the lifting stepping motor are controlled by the electric control mechanism.
2. The device for measuring the frictional force between a soil body and a structure according to claim 1, wherein: the main frame comprises a bottom plate, upright posts arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, and a cross beam fixed on the top of the upright posts, and the operation table is positioned between the cross beam and the bottom plate.
3. The device for measuring the frictional force between a soil body and a structure according to claim 2, wherein: the stand is provided with threads for the base plate, the operating platform and the cross beam to be fixedly connected with the stand in a threaded mode.
4. The device for measuring the frictional force between a soil body and a structure according to claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the upper cover is provided with a shaft rod hole for the bearing to be put in, and the dowel bar passes through the shaft rod hole to be matched with the bearing inner ring.
5. A method of using the device for measuring the frictional force between a soil body and a structure according to claim 1, comprising:
step one: loading a soil sample, driving the lifting stepping motor to enable the piston to move to the bottommost part of the soil sample chamber, loading experimental soil into the soil sample chamber, and tamping to a target depth;
step two: positioning a metal disc, namely placing the metal disc on the surface of the soil body, and screwing the dowel bar to enable the dowel bar to be assembled on the metal disc;
step three: installing an upper cover, continuously filling soil into the soil sample chamber, tamping until the soil sample chamber is full, and then installing the upper cover on the top of the soil sample chamber;
step four: installing the shearing mechanism, installing the shearing mechanism and the torque sensor at the top of the dowel steel, and adjusting the position of the shearing mechanism to enable the torque sensor to be screwed tightly;
step five: pressing, namely starting the lifting stepping motor, driving the piston to ascend, and pressing soil in the soil sample chamber;
step six: after the vertical deformation of the soil body is stable, driving the shearing mechanism to shear the contact surface of the soil body and the metal disc until the contact surface is damaged;
step seven: and data acquisition, namely acquiring normal force applied to the soil body and shearing force of the contact surface of the soil body and the metal disc in the test process by the weighing sensor and the torque sensor respectively so as to calculate the load born by the soil body, the friction force between the soil body and the metal disc and the corresponding relation of the soil body and the metal disc.
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