CN106392216B - A kind of controllable electric processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed and governing system - Google Patents
A kind of controllable electric processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed and governing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106392216B CN106392216B CN201610908878.4A CN201610908878A CN106392216B CN 106392216 B CN106392216 B CN 106392216B CN 201610908878 A CN201610908878 A CN 201610908878A CN 106392216 B CN106392216 B CN 106392216B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/02—Electrical discharge machining combined with electrochemical machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of controllable electric processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed and governing systems, belong to technical field.Using extremely low concentration neutral salt solution as electrolyte, apply corresponding voltage in two interpolars, by the control to tool-electrode rotary speed, adjusts tool-electrode surface film overcast state, when tool-electrode rotary speed is high, when reaching discharge effect Production conditions exoelectrical reaction occurs for film overcast state；Electrochemical reaction occurs when tool-electrode rotary speed is relatively low.By controlling the variation of tool-electrode rotary speed, the controllable compound of electrical-chemistry method and electro-discharge machining is realized.The present invention can obtain preferable machined surface quality and processing consistency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of controllable electric processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed and governing systems, belong to extraordinary
Processing technique field.
Background technology
Recently the fast development of industry, it is higher and higher to the processing method requirement of various high-performance complex parts, especially
It shows to add in the processing methods such as the miniature cooling hole, air film hole and precision die micro-hole of aero engine turbine blades
Work difficult point is as follows：1. the requirements such as processing dimension, surface quality, form accuracy needed for meeting；2. meeting complicated and high intensity, height
The processing request of performance and difficult-to-machine material；3. meeting the larger micro hole machining requirement of aspect ratio.Currently, the processing of micro hole
Method mainly has machine drilling, laser boring, electrical discharge machining and electrical-chemistry method etc..
The Chinese patent on June 11st, 2014, Publication No. CN103846640A discloses a kind of plasma of micro hole
Body electric discharge device and processing method, this method are to form plasma using the gas chamber of setting and the wire electrode of energization
Electro-discharge machining belongs to noncontact procession method, avoids the damage of machining area surface layer and subsurface stratum, improves micro hole
Processing quality, but the processing unit (plant) is more demanding to processing environment, is difficult to process the larger micro hole of aspect ratio, processing cost
It is high.
On September 3rd, 2014, the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN104014881A disclose a kind of band countersunk head micro hole and swash
Optical-electronic spark-electrolytic combination processing method and device, this method are to carry out leading to for countersunk head micro hole on workpiece using laser beam
Hole preprocessing recycles tubulose copper electrode to carry out electrical discharge machining to the countersunk head of micro hole, finally recycling and electrical discharge machining
The coaxial high speed hydrojet electrolyte beam of electrode carries out Electrolyzed Processing to entire band countersunk head micro hole.The invention overcomes previous single
The various drawbacks that special process mode is brought, but this method when processing countersunk head micro hole high processing costs, to increase processing tired
Count error.
On September 3rd, 2014, the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN104014880A disclose a kind of no recast layer micro hole
Laser-electrolysis complex machining device and method are coplanar with by laser beam emitting head and Electrolyzed Processing cathode nozzle-axis, are come real
The Compound Machining of existing laser-Electrolyzed Processing, the processing method is efficient, without recast layer etc., but this method laser has Decay Rate,
And electrolyte has interference effect to laser, influences micro hole machining dimensional accuracy.
The Chinese patent on April 30th, 2015, Publication No. CN104923869A discloses a kind of small simple group hole vibration
The controllable complex machining process method and device of electrode electric spark-electrolysis, this method use super low concentration neutral salt solution for work
Liquid applies corresponding pulse voltage in two interpolars, electrode make along direction of feed it is of reciprocating vibration, by the vibration control to electrode,
Two interpolar gap sizes are adjusted, when electrode forward direction is vibrated so that pole clearance is less than spark-discharge gap, generation electric spark reaction；
When electrode negative sense vibrates, interpolar distance is more than discharging gap, and spark discharge is gradually converted into cell reaction；When interpolar is apart from mistake
Greatly, cell reaction terminates, and working solution enters deionization state.The invention realizes electric spark and electrolysis by the optimization of vibration mode
That processes is controllable compound, but this method increases processing stroke for the processing of reciprocating vibration of electrode, reduces processing efficiency, together
When tool-electrode stability of reciprocating vibration directly affect the quality of micro hole machining.
The Chinese patent on December 4th, 2015, Publication No. CN103418987A discloses a kind of micro hole abrasive drilling technique,
By adding diamond or cubic boron nitride to drill bit, the micro-bit that diameter is less than 1mm is formed, in the high-speed rotating work of main shaft
Under, micro hole machining is carried out to rapidoprint.This method reduce the difficulty of processing in hole, shorten process time and processing matter
Amount, for this method for being difficult to repair after bit wear, thermal deformation of drill bit etc. influences the processing quality of micro hole.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is the deficiencies for existing micro hole machining method, and providing one kind not only having improved machining accuracy but also carried
A kind of controllable electric processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed and governing system of high hole machined quality.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：Using extremely low concentration neutral salt solution as electrolyte, apply in two interpolars corresponding
Voltage, pass through the control to tool-electrode rotary speed, tool-electrode surface film overcast state adjusted, when film overcast shape
When meeting discharge effect Production conditions exoelectrical reaction occurs for state, and electrochemical reaction occurs when tool-electrode rotary speed is relatively low.
By the variation of rotary speed, the controllable compound of electrical-chemistry method and electro-discharge machining is realized.
Using a kind of above-mentioned controllable electric processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed, including：
1. the optimization of the speed-regulating mode includes：In acceleration, speed, Time constant, frequency and these parameters
It is one or several kinds of.
2. the acceleration frequency, which is height, to be either low or is constant or is fluctuating acceleration.
3. the velocity wave form be sine wave either cosine wave or sawtooth wave or triangular wave etc. any one or
A variety of combinations.
4. the extremely low concentration salting liquid or neutral solution are pure water, deionized water and super low concentration NaCl, NaClO3、
NaNO3One kind in solution.
5. realizing the controllable electric processing method of the micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed and tune the present invention also provides a kind of
Speed system, including tool-electrode governing system and speed governing platform；Wherein tool-electrode governing system includes bidirectional speed governing throttle valve
Connect bidirectional traffics pump and tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant)；Tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant)
Collet is installed in lower end, and with clamping device electrode, bidirectional speed governing throttle valve connects each speed regulation device to speed governing platform；Process work
Part is fixed in electrolytic bath, and electrolytic bath is installed on speed governing platform.
6. the tool-electrode governing system is based on the turbine driven principle of tesla, cycle working fluid is sent out with rotor
Raw fluid structure interaction, realizes rotary shaft high speed rotation.
7. bidirectional traffics pump provides flow forward or backwards to tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant)
Control, tool-electrode carry out speed adjustable rotary forward or backwards and move.
8. described passes through adjusting speed regulation throttle valve, the variation of implementation tool electrode rotary speed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention advantageous effect is：
1. the invention avoids the formation of micro hole machining recast layer, micro hole machining quality is improved.
2. the present invention, can effective control output end tool electricity by the regulation and control to box house cycle operation flow quantity
The rotary speed of pole, and then realize effective control of micro hole electrochemical discharge process.
3. using the variation of tool-electrode rotating speed, the disturbance of machining area liquid may be implemented, avoid deep hole machining
When be difficult to chip removal, the problems such as working solution is uneven, while improving machined surface quality.
4. using the endless form of working solution, realizes the recycling of resource and reduce processing cost, improve processing
Efficiency.
5. being pumped using bidirectional speed governing throttle valve and bidirectional traffics, tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant) is provided
The control of flow forward or backwards, the movement forward or backwards when implementation tool electrode machining.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is inventive article electrode speed governing machining sketch chart；
Fig. 3 is the adjustable processing unit (plant) structural schematic diagram of inventive article electrode rotary speed；
Fig. 4 is cycle working fluid forward flow schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is cycle working fluid reverse flow schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure：1 lathe bed, 2 cycle operation liquid baths, 3 working solutions, 4 filters, 5 bidirectional traffics pump, 6 overflow valves, 7 two-way tune
Fast throttle valve, 8 babinet working solution forward flows, 9 tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant)s (906 rotors, 907 rotors,
Electric screw, 922 babinets, fluid-through port 923, fluid-through port 924 are drawn in 912 rotary shafts, 913 collets, 914 tool-electrodes, 919), 10
Column, the movement of 11 bottom and top feeds, 12 DC power supplies, 13 electrolyte, 14 rotary motions, 15 workpieces processings, 16 cushion blocks, 17 electrolyte
Slot, 18 babinet working solution reverse flows, 19 flowmeters, 20 flowmeters, 21 check valves, 22 check valves, 23 filters.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is made into an explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of controllable electric processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed and governing system, including lathe bed
1, cycle operation liquid bath 2, working solution 3, filter 4, bidirectional traffics pump 5, overflow valve 6, bidirectional speed governing throttle valve 7, babinet work
Liquid forward flow 8, tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant) 9 (rotor 906, rotor 907, rotary shaft 912, spring clip
First 913, tool-electrode 914, draw electric screw 919, babinet 922, fluid-through port 923, fluid-through port 924), column 10, bottom and top feed fortune
Dynamic 11, DC power supply 12, electrolyte 13, rotary motion 14, workpieces processing 15, cushion block 16, electrolytic bath 17, babinet working solution are anti-
To flowing 18, flowmeter 19, flowmeter 20, check valve 21, check valve 22, filter 23.Wherein, the bidirectional speed governing throttle valve
7 are connected with bidirectional traffics pump 5, flowmeter 19, and flowmeter 19 connects fluid-through port 923,924 connection traffic table 20 of fluid-through port, stream
Scale 20 connects check valve 21, check valve 22, and check valve 21 accesses cycle operation liquid bath 2, and check valve 22 connects filter 23 and connects
Enter cycle operation liquid bath 2；Rotor 906, rotor 907 are installed, collet is installed in 912 end of rotary shaft in the rotary shaft 912
913 clamping device electrodes 914；The workpieces processing 15 is mounted on cushion block 16 and is immersed in electrolyte 13；The tool-electrode
Rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant) 9 is installed on 10 guide rail of column；Electric screw 919, processing are drawn in the connection of the DC power supply 11
Workpiece 15.
As shown in Figure 1, the bidirectional speed governing throttle valve 7 controls 3 flow of working solution, into the work of babinet 922
With rotor 906, rotor 907 fluid structure interaction occurs for liquid 3, and rotor 906, rotor 907 drive rotary shaft 912 and rotary shaft 912
914 implementation tool electrode of tool-electrode, 914 high speed rotary motion that lower end connecting spring collet 913 is clamped.
As shown in Figure 1, when the bidirectional traffics pump 5 provides forward flow working solution 3, it is positive that filter 4 carries out working solution 3
Feed liquor filters, and when bidirectional traffics pump 5 provides reverse operation liquid 3, filter 23 carries out the filtering of 3 reversed feed liquor of working solution.
As shown in Fig. 1,4,5, the bidirectional speed governing throttle valve 7 connects bidirectional traffics pump 5 can with tool-electrode rotary speed
Electric machining device 9, bidirectional speed governing throttle valve 7 is adjusted to pump 5 pairs of tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant)s 9 to bidirectional traffics and carry
For the control of flow forward or backwards, moved to which implementation tool electrode 914 carries out speed adjustable rotary forward or backwards.
As shown in Figure 1, described by adjusting speed regulation throttle valve, the variation of implementation tool electrode rotary speed.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, described draw electric screw 919, workpiece 15 connects DC power supply 12, connect cathode tool electrode 914,
Anode workpiece 15, tool-electrode 914 are immersed in electrolyte 13 and form biphase gas and liquid flow, when 914 rotating speed of tool-electrode is higher,
When reaching discharging condition exoelectrical reaction occurs for the air film state of 914 surface of tool-electrode covering, and electrochemistry occurs when rotating speed is relatively low
Reaction.
As shown in Fig. 1,3,4,5,922 fluid-through port 923 of the babinet connects 3 fluid-through tube of working solution, 922 fluid-through port of babinet
924 connection 3 fluid-through tubes of working solution, when bidirectional traffics pump 5 provides forward flow working solution 3, working solution 3 is in device end through unidirectional
Valve 21 flows into work tank 2, realizes 3 forward circulation of working solution；When bidirectional traffics pump 5 provides reverse flow working solution 3, working solution
3 flow through tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant) 9, bidirectional speed governing throttle valve 7, bidirectional traffics pump 5, mistake through check valve 22
Filter 4 flows into work tank 2, realizes 3 recycled back of working solution.
Complex chart 1 is to Fig. 5, a kind of controllable electric machining processing method of micro hole tool-electrode rotary speed of the present invention
For:The tool-electrode 914 of a diameter of 0.5mm is clamped to by collet 913 in rotary shaft 912, working solution 3 passes through
Bidirectional traffics pump 5 is injected into 922 inner cavity of babinet, and bidirectional speed governing throttle valve 7 adjusts 3 uninterrupted of working solution, and bidirectional traffics pump 5 changes
Become working solution 3 to be flowed forward or backwards, when 3 forward flow of working solution, display 922 fluid-through port 923 of babinet of flowmeter 19 into
Flow quantity size, filter 4 carries out 3 forward filter of working solution, and when 3 reverse flow of working solution, flowmeter 20 shows that babinet 922 is logical
924 feed liquor uninterrupted of liquid mouth, filter 23 carry out 3 reverse filtration of working solution, and overflow valve 6 plays safety work, cycle working fluid 3
Fluid structure interaction occurs with rotor 906, rotor 907, rotary shaft 912 and its tool-electrode 914 of lower end clamping is driven to carry out
Speed controllable rotating movement forward or backwards；To drawing application voltage between electric screw 919 and workpiece 15 and controlling tool-electrode 914
Movement clearance on vertical feed direction, tool-electrode 914 are immersed in electrolyte 13 and form biphase gas and liquid flow, when tool electricity
When 914 rotating speed of pole is higher, when reaching discharging condition exoelectrical reaction, rotating speed occur for the air film state of 914 surface of tool-electrode covering
Electrochemical reaction occurs when relatively low.To the controllable electric processing method of implementation tool electrode rotary speed and governing system.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of controllable micro hole electric processing method of tool-electrode rotating speed carries out workpiece (15) with rod-like instrument electrode (914)
Micro hole machining, uses extremely low concentration salting liquid or neutral solution for electrolyte (13), and workpiece (15) is immersed in electrolyte (13)
Under liquid level, apply corresponding machining voltage between tool-electrode (914) and workpiece (15), it is characterised in that：Speed regulation device control
Tool-electrode (914) rotary speed processed adjusts tool-electrode (914) rotary speed change tool-electrode (914) surface air film and covers
Lid state, when the air film state of tool-electrode (914) rotary speed height, the covering of tool-electrode (914) surface reaches discharging condition
When, exoelectrical reaction occurs；Electrochemical reaction occurs when tool-electrode (914) rotary speed is relatively low；Pass through the excellent of speed-regulating mode
Change the controllable processing for realizing electrochemical reaction and exoelectrical reaction.
2. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The optimization of speed-regulating mode include：One or several kinds in acceleration, speed, Time constant, frequency and these parameters.
3. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Acceleration be that height is either low or is constant or is fluctuating acceleration.
4. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Velocity wave form be sine wave either any one or a variety of combinations of cosine wave or sawtooth wave or triangular wave.
5. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Extremely low concentration salting liquid or neutral solution are pure water, deionized water and super low concentration NaCl, NaClO3、NaNO3One in solution
Kind.
6. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including
Tool-electrode governing system and speed governing platform；Tool-electrode governing system includes bidirectional speed governing throttle valve (7), bidirectional traffics pump
, and the bidirectional speed governing throttle valve (7) connection bidirectional traffics pump (5) and tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant) (9)
(5) with tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant) (9), working solution (3) is controlled by adjusting bidirectional speed governing throttle valve (7)
Uninterrupted；It is flowed forward or backwards by adjusting bidirectional traffics pump (5) control working solution (3)；Tool-electrode rotary speed can
Electric machining device (9) lower end installation collet (913) is adjusted, with clamping device electrode (914)；Speed governing platform connects each speed governing dress
It sets；Workpiece (15) is fixed in electrolytic bath (17), and electrolytic bath (17) is installed on speed governing platform.
7. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Tool-electrode governing system be based on the turbine driven principle of tesla, fluid structurecoupling occurs for cycle working fluid (3) and rotor
Rotary shaft (912) high speed rotation is realized in effect.
8. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Bidirectional speed governing throttle valve (7) and bidirectional traffics pump (5) tool-electrode rotary speed adjustable electric processing unit (plant) (9) is provided it is positive
Or the control of reverse flow, it is moved to which implementation tool electrode (914) carries out speed adjustable rotary forward or backwards.
9. the controllable micro hole electric processing method of a kind of tool-electrode rotating speed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Pass through adjust speed regulation throttle valve (7), the variation of implementation tool electrode (914) rotary speed.
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| CN106984885B (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2019-05-21 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of interior fliud flushing fluid oscillation system of assistant electric arc Milling Process |
| CN107186304B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2023-05-12 | 山东大学 | Vibration auxiliary device for synchronous rotary electric discharge machining of multiple micro holes of multiple tool electrodes and application of vibration auxiliary device |
| CN107234307B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2023-04-21 | 江苏冬庆数控机床有限公司 | Speed regulating device and method for rotating head of electric spark perforating machine |
| CN110293272B (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2024-04-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Electric spark electrolytic discharge composite machining test device for semicircular hole |
| CN114406371B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏德瑞加数控机床有限公司 | Method for improving machining speed and quality of electric spark small holes |
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| CN103480926A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-01-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Synchronous composite processing method of micro-hole electric sparks and different electrolytic areas and special tool of synchronous composite processing method |
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| CN104923869A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Controllable vibrating electrode electric spark and electrolytic combined machining method for micro holes and vibrating system |
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| JP2001105235A (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-04-17 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Electric discharge and electrochemical machining method and device |
| KR20130053798A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-24 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Device and method of hybrid process for micro electrochemical discharge machining equipped with electrolytic polishing and electrode cleaning |
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| US8652307B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-02-18 | National Central University | Apparatus and method for magnetic field assisted electrochemical discharge machining |
| CN103480926A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-01-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Synchronous composite processing method of micro-hole electric sparks and different electrolytic areas and special tool of synchronous composite processing method |
| CN104923869A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Controllable vibrating electrode electric spark and electrolytic combined machining method for micro holes and vibrating system |
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