CN106378439A - Bidirectional horizontal directional solidification method and bidirectional horizontal directional solidification device - Google Patents
Bidirectional horizontal directional solidification method and bidirectional horizontal directional solidification device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106378439A CN106378439A CN201610829861.XA CN201610829861A CN106378439A CN 106378439 A CN106378439 A CN 106378439A CN 201610829861 A CN201610829861 A CN 201610829861A CN 106378439 A CN106378439 A CN 106378439A
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- cooling
- side walls
- top cover
- base plate
- adiabatic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B28/00—Production of homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B28/04—Production of homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure from liquids
- C30B28/06—Production of homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure from liquids by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a bidirectional horizontal directional solidification method and a bidirectional horizontal directional solidification device. During casting, a top pouring or bottom pouring mode is adopted, two opposite side walls on a casting mold are cooling side walls provided with cooling devices respectively; the other two side walls of the casting mold are thermal insulation side walls; a bottom plate of the casting mold is a thermal insulation bottom plate; a top cover of the casting mold is a thermal insulation top cover; after pouring, a molding object is solidified towards the center mainly from the two cooling side walls, and a crystal growth rate of the molding object which is solidified towards the center from the two cooling side walls is far greater than a crystal growth rate of the molding object which is solidified towards the center along the thermal insulation side walls, the thermal insulation bottom plate or the thermal insulation top cover. With the adoption of the top/bottom pouring mode, the two opposite side walls act as the cooling walls, and a runner and the cooling walls are not in the same surface, so that the influence due to heat transfer between the runner and the cooling walls is avoided; the casting object adopts a horizontal directional solidification mode and is solidified towards the center from the two opposite cooling side walls, so that the length of a column crystal can be increased by one time within the same time, a superheat degree of a liquid phase can be ensured, and the growth of the column crystal can be ensured accordingly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to directional solidification casting technical field, more particularly, to a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and dress
Put.
Background technology
Directional solidification is studying isometry deforming alloy and during casting alloy it is contemplated that passing through by Versnyder and colleague earliest
Longated grain, be allowed to parallel with stress axiss come to suppress intercrystalline cracking and improve extension property.Northcott was in twentieth century 30 years
In generation, by a kind of simple directional solidification casting method, obtain the crystal grain extending.
Empirical tests, the alloy-steel casting of directional solidification or ingot casting, due to generating columanar structure and segregation, loose less,
On column crystal trunk direction, there is under high temperature excellent in strength, creep and persistency, thermal fatigue property has and significantly improves.Laterally
On mechanical property all relatively low compared with longitudinally.Because number of grain boundaries is relatively fewer, so its decay resistance and non-oxidizability
Can be all higher.
Through the development of nearly 80 years, directional solidification technique mainly experienced two big stages：One is that traditional orientation is coagulated
Gu technology, such as stove outer crystallization process, stove intercrystalline method；Two is new directional solidification technique, and such as liquid metal cools are melted in region
Method, high undercooling directional solidification method, electromagnetic constrained shaping directional solidification technique, Laser Rapid Directional Solidification with Ultra-high Temperature Gradient and company
Continuous directional solidification technique etc..For producing the large-scale directional solidification steel of the deck of boat, pressure vessel, offshore oil platform and nuclear power
Ingot, nowadays still applies the outer crystallization process of traditional stove；The production of test chamber theoretical research, high temperature alloy and monocrystalline, then multiplex
Stove intercrystalline method and the preparation of novel directional solidification technology.
Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese patent of CN 2173671Y, discloses a kind of " steel ingot directional solidification apparatus ", by being incubated
Cover, mould body, condensing part composition, thermal insulation cover is placed in mould, and the mould body that inwall has heat-insulation layer is placed on condensing part, in condensing part
Center portion position is had molten steel passage and is connected with feed trumpet passage.This device is suitable for bottom pouring type, casting ratio of height to diameter (H/D) is less than
1 directional freeze steel ingot produces, and the directional freeze steel ingot that it produces has a raising steel ingot utilization rate 30%, energy saving 20%,
The advantages of save man-hour 50%.But the running channel of this device is through water-cooled chassis, produce heat exchange, impact casting unavoidably in casting
Temperature and the degree of superheat of molten steel, simultaneously in process of setting, running channel inevitably becomes focus again, and impact column crystal is from lower
On oriented growth.Solidification end surface of steel ingot is amassed greatly, and should be partially due to the gathering of field trash needs to exclude, the cutting of product
Amount and workload are all larger.
Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese patent of CN 201385117Y, discloses a kind of " dumpable upper note formula directional solidification
Ingot steel casting apparatus ", the bottom in directional freeze steel ingot pouring device for the chassis of can fascinating, Water-cooled bottom row is rotated in chassis of can fascinating
Above, it is layered on the beneath of adiabatic ingot mould, upper casting fork formula mouth of a river lever is placed on the center on Water-cooled bottom row, and thermal insulation cover is put
On adiabatic ingot mould, water cooling system is in the left side of adiabatic ingot mould.Visit device and adopt top teeming process casting, chassis cooling, keep away
Exempt from the impact to column crystals growth for the hot core of running channel in " steel ingot directional solidification apparatus ".Meanwhile, tilting device can be by solidification end
The more molten steel containing field trash is toppled over away, improves the quality of steel ingot, and reduces cutting output.But this device for mechanical equipment
More complicated, and the impact due to thermograde, limited by column crystal growing height, cause limited by the plank thickness of production.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and device, using top/bottom pouring type pouring, 2 relatively
Side wall as cooling wall, because running channel and cooling wall be not or not same surface, it is to avoid the impact conducted heat between the two；Foundry goods is adopted
With the mode of horizontal orientation solidification, by two relative Ce Bixiang center solidifications, column crystal not only can be made in same time
Length doubles, and can ensure that the degree of superheat of liquid phase, thus ensureing the growth of column crystal.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following technical solutions realization：
A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method, adopts top pouring type or bottom pouring type pouring mode during casting, on mold relatively
2 side walls be the cooling side wall being respectively provided with chiller, 2 side walls other on mold are insulated side wall, mold base plate
For adiabatic base plate, mold top cover is adiabatic top cover；After cast, mo(u)lding is mainly solidified from 2 cooling side walls to center, and it is at this
The speed of direction crystal growth is much larger than the crystal growth speed that it solidifies to center along insulated side wall, adiabatic base plate or adiabatic top cover
Degree.
Described chiller is temp. controllable chiller.
For realizing a kind of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of methods described, form including by side wall, base plate and top cover
Mold, base plate or top cover are optionally provided with dead head；Described base plate is adiabatic base plate, and top cover is to hold absolutely top cover, side wall
By 2 relative insulated side wall with addition relative to 2 cooling side walls form；2 cooling side walls are made up of copper coin, outside copper coin
Set circulating water cooling device respectively；Adiabatic base plate, adiabatic top cover and insulated side wall are made up of adiabator respectively.
Described circulating water cooling device is made up of cooling coil, cooling water pipe and cooling water tank, and cooling coil is attached to copper
On plate, the cooling water pipe water inlet end before cooling coil sets valve and electric water pump, and the cooling water pipe water side after cooling coil sets
Temperature measuring equipment, temperature measuring equipment is connected with electric water pump by control system.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1) foundry goods adopts top/bottom pouring type pouring, because rising head (running channel) and cooling wall be not or not same surface, it is to avoid running channel
The impact of heat transfer and cooling wall between；
2) casting solidification mode solidifies for horizontal orientation, and by two relative Ce Bixiang center solidifications, this form is not
Column crystal length only can be made in same time to double, and can ensure that the degree of superheat of liquid phase, thus ensureing column
Brilliant growth；
3) present invention is applied to all crystal of orientable solidification, can produce directional freeze steel ingot and the crystalline substance of other material
Body, and can easily carry out physical simulation experiment.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the front view of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the top view of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the side view of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is column crystal in sodium thiosulfate process of setting when the embodiment of the present invention adopts two-way horizontal directional freeze method
Growth conditions figure.
Fig. 6 be when the embodiment of the present invention adopts two-way horizontal directional freeze method sodium thiosulfate column crystal setting time with
Setting rate graph of relation.
Fig. 7 is the sodium thiosulfate column crystal after solidification when adopting two-way horizontal directional freeze method in the embodiment of the present invention
Growth conditions figure.
Fig. 8 is using the sodium thiosulfate column crystal being oriented vertically upwardly after solidification during clotting method in the embodiment of the present invention
Growth conditions figure.
In figure：1. dead head 2. cooling side wall 21. copper coin 22. circulating water cooling device, 3. adiabatic top cover 4. is adiabatic
Base plate 5. insulated side wall
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further：
As shown in figure 1, a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method of the present invention, during casting, adopt top pouring type or bottom filling
Pouring type, on mold relative to 2 side walls be the cooling side wall 2 being respectively provided with chiller, 2 side walls other on mold
For insulated side wall 5, mold base plate is adiabatic base plate 4, and mold top cover is adiabatic top cover 3；After cast, mo(u)lding is mainly cooled down by 2
Side wall 2 solidifies to center, and it is much larger than it along insulated side wall 2, adiabatic base plate 4 or adiabatic top in the speed of direction crystal growth
Lid 3 is to the rate of crystalline growth of center solidification.
Described chiller 22 is temp. controllable chiller.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, for realizing a kind of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of methods described, including by side wall,
Base plate and the mold of top cover composition, base plate or top cover are optionally provided with dead head 1；Described base plate is adiabatic base plate 4, top cover
For adiabatic top cover 3, side wall by 2 relative insulated side wall 5 with addition relative to 2 cooling side walls 2 form；2 cooling side walls 2
Make for copper coin 21, outside copper coin 21, set circulating water cooling device 22 respectively；Adiabatic base plate 4, adiabatic top cover 3 and insulated side wall 5
It is made up of adiabator respectively.
Described circulating water cooling device 22 is made up of cooling coil, cooling water pipe and cooling water tank, and cooling coil is attached to
On copper coin 21, the cooling water pipe water inlet end before cooling coil sets valve and electric water pump, the cooling water pipe water outlet after cooling coil
End sets temperature measuring equipment, and temperature measuring equipment is connected with electric water pump by control system.
As shown in Fig. 2 adiabatic base plate 4 is using being incubated brick masonry on foundation, for supporting whole device and casting
The divine force that created the universe, plays insulation effect to mo(u)lding directional solidification simultaneously.If adopting bottom pouring type pouring, adiabatic base plate 4 is connected with to pour and emits
Mouth 1, mo(u)lding is cast in the die cavity of mold by dead head 1.
Insulated side wall 5 is in the both sides of adiabatic base plate 4 and positioned opposite with insulation brick masonry, and it is to the mo(u)lding in die cavity
2 sides play support, casting mold and insulation effect.
Copper coin 21 on cooling side wall 2 is fixed on the other both sides of adiabatic base plate 4, is also positioned opposite, both sides respectively with
Insulated side wall 5 connects, and it plays support, casting mold and cooling effect to other 2 sides of mo(u)lding.
The cooling coil of circulating water cooling device 22 is made up of copper pipe, is welded on the outer surface of copper coin 21, to cooling side wall 2
Play cooling effect, cooling coil one end is water inlet end, the other end is water side, connects cooling water by cooling water pipe respectively
Case.
Adiabatic top cover 3 builds the upper surface on the space being made up of insulated side wall 5 and cooling side wall 2, to mo(u)lding by laying bricks or stones
Play casting mold and insulation effect.If using top pouring type cast, adiabatic top cover 3 connects dead head 1, and mo(u)lding is by dead head 1
It is poured in the die cavity of mold.
During cast, melting mo(u)lding is poured in two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying by dead head 1；Insulated side wall 5,
Adiabatic top cover 3, the thickness of adiabatic base plate 4 are designed it is ensured that reaching mo(u)lding at it according to from the intensity of material and hot physical performance
Obverse effect of heat insulation, makes mo(u)lding be much smaller than the speed of cold side faceted crystal growth in its corresponding surface crystal growth degree speed
Degree；The copper coin 21 of cooling side wall 2 plays cooling effect to the side of mo(u)lding directional solidification, its thickness according to the intensity of material,
The cooling capacity of hot physical performance and circulating water cooling device 22 is designed.The heat that cooling side wall 2 discharges when solidifying mo(u)lding
Amount is discharged by circulating water cooling device 22, so that mo(u)lding is much larger than in thermal insulation in the speed of cooling side wall 2 direction crystal growth
The rate of crystalline growth of side wall 5, adiabatic top cover 3 and adiabatic base plate 4 direction.
In the present invention, because the column crystals growth of mo(u)lding plays passage and repulsive interaction to harmful components and impurity, with
When the density contrast that existed due to mo(u)lding and harmful components and impurity and mo(u)lding solidification shrinkage, make field trash and shrinkage cavity in casting
The divine force that created the universe concentrates on top surface after all solidifying.Although these harmful components and impurity need to be excluded through subsequent process, due to this part
Sectional area very little, therefore processing capacity is little.
Following examples are implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and tool
The operating process of body, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.In following embodiments, method therefor is such as no special
Do not mentionlet alone and bright be conventional method.
【Embodiment】
The present embodiment is respectively to sodium thiosulfate (Na2S203·5H20) using be oriented vertically upwardly solidification and two-way horizontal
Directional freeze method carries out Physical Experiment analysis.
The experiment being oriented vertically upwardly solidification is routine operation, and here is not added with repeating.Column crystals growth state after its solidification
As shown in Figure 8.
Experimentation using two-way horizontal directional solidification is as follows：
1) ON cycle water-cooling apparatus 22, the cooling water in cooling water tank is injected into cooling coil by electric water pump
In, the cooling water temperature in cooling water tank ensures at 15 DEG C ± 3 DEG C, measures cooling water pipe water side temperature by temperature measuring equipment,
By control system control electric water pump flow it is ensured that in cooling coil the temperature of cooling water reach the temperature of requirement, and make
The temperature of cooling side wall 2 keeps constant；
2) hypo solution that will melt into liquid is from the die cavity that dead head 1 is injected into mold；
3) opening timing photographing unit, the solidification situation of time recording sodium thiosulfate；
4) after sodium thiosulfate solidifies completely, stop test；Timeing closing photographing unit, closes circulating water cooling device 22
Electric water pump and valve；
5) although increase with setting time, setting rate substantially slows down, and solidification front column crystals growth is still to connect
Hither plane form elapses forward (as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6).After sodium thiosulfate solidification, take out sodium thiosulfate solid, along column
The brilliant direction that generates is longitudinally slit, after polishing smooth, observes its grain growth situation (as shown in Figure 7).
The present embodiment is by sodium thiosulfate (Na2S203·5H20) two kinds of different crystal growth pattern (i.e. crystal are carried out
Vertically upward growth and two-way horizontal growth) Experimental Comparison, contrast Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 can be seen that two-way horizontal directional solidification life
Primary dendritic spacing in growth process is less than the primary dendritic spacing growing vertically upward；Meanwhile, in same time, two-way water
The mo(u)lding thickness that flat directional solidification produces is to be oriented vertically upwardly 2 times that solidification produces mo(u)lding thickness.
The present invention, on the basis of traditional directional solidification technique, changes the type of cooling.Not only can make in the unit interval
The column crystal generating highly is doubled, and the primary dendritic spacing density of column crystal is higher than traditional directional solidification technique.
Meanwhile, the cutting output that can make directional solidification casting thing reduces, and improves lumber recovery and work efficiency.
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technology according to the present invention scheme and its
Inventive concept equivalent or change in addition, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method is it is characterised in that adopt top pouring type or bottom pouring type pouring mode, casting when casting
On mould relative to 2 side walls be the cooling side wall being respectively provided with chiller, 2 side walls other on mold are insulated side wall,
Mold base plate is adiabatic base plate, and mold top cover is adiabatic top cover；After cast, mo(u)lding is mainly coagulated from 2 cooling side walls to center
Gu, it is much larger than what it solidified along insulated side wall, adiabatic base plate or adiabatic top cover to center in the speed of direction crystal growth
Rate of crystalline growth.
2. a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method is it is characterised in that described chiller is temp. controllable chiller.
3. it is used for realizing a kind of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of claim 1 methods described it is characterised in that including by side
The mold of wall, base plate and top cover composition, base plate or top cover are optionally provided with dead head；Described base plate is adiabatic base plate, top
Cover as adiabatic top cover, side wall by 2 relative insulated side wall with addition relative to 2 cooling side walls form；2 cooling side walls are
Copper coin is made, and sets circulating water cooling device outside copper coin respectively；Adiabatic base plate, hold absolutely top cover and insulated side wall respectively by heat insulating material
Material is made.
4. a kind of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that described circulating water fills
Put and be made up of cooling coil, cooling water pipe and cooling water tank, cooling coil is attached on copper coin, the cooling water pipe before cooling coil
Water inlet end sets valve and electric water pump, and the cooling water pipe water side after cooling coil sets temperature measuring equipment, and temperature measuring equipment passes through to control
System is connected with electric water pump.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610829861.XA CN106378439B (en) | 2016-09-18 | 2016-09-18 | A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610829861.XA CN106378439B (en) | 2016-09-18 | 2016-09-18 | A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and device |
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| CN106378439A true CN106378439A (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| CN106378439B CN106378439B (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4270594A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-06-02 | Chumakov Vasily A | Method and apparatus for producing directionally solidifying cast pieces |
| CN2173671Y (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1994-08-10 | 第二重型机器厂 | Steel ingot directional solidification apparatus |
| CN103757695A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-30 | 厦门大学 | Sidewall heat compensation device of polysilicon directional solidification device |
| CN104878444A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-02 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of TiAl-base alloy monocrystal |
| CN204867366U (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-12-16 | 沈阳恒润真空科技有限公司 | Multi -functional high gradient vacuum induction directional solidification single crystal casting stove |
| CN105229206A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-06 | 希利柯尔材料股份有限公司 | Directional solidification system and method |
-
2016
- 2016-09-18 CN CN201610829861.XA patent/CN106378439B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4270594A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-06-02 | Chumakov Vasily A | Method and apparatus for producing directionally solidifying cast pieces |
| CN2173671Y (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1994-08-10 | 第二重型机器厂 | Steel ingot directional solidification apparatus |
| CN105229206A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-06 | 希利柯尔材料股份有限公司 | Directional solidification system and method |
| CN103757695A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-30 | 厦门大学 | Sidewall heat compensation device of polysilicon directional solidification device |
| CN204867366U (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-12-16 | 沈阳恒润真空科技有限公司 | Multi -functional high gradient vacuum induction directional solidification single crystal casting stove |
| CN104878444A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-02 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of TiAl-base alloy monocrystal |
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| CN106378439B (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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