CN106376530B - 预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明一种预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,采用将尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮按重量比为950:30:10:10的比例混合,再按1.5~2.0克混合物用200~250ml水溶解后,喷洒2~2.5千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂5龄家蚕。本发明可显著降低家蚕血液型脓病、中肠型脓病、白僵病的发病,提高养蚕的安全性,增加蚕茧产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业养蚕领域,特别关于一种能够预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法。
背景技术
影响蚕茧产量、质量的主要因素有蚕品种、桑叶叶质、养蚕技术、蚕病的发生等,对某一特定的品种而言,桑叶的叶质是决定蚕茧产量最重要的因素。极端的气象环境再加上桑树田间管理、施肥不到位,严重影响桑树的生长发育,造成桑叶质量下降,不能满足蚕生长发育、丝蛋白合成对营养的要求,最终导致蚕茧产量下降。
在养蚕生产中,由于蚕品种的抗性、消毒不彻底、叶质差、饲养环境的高温多湿以及农药污染等多方面的原因,往往在5龄蚕发育至中后期爆发传染性疾病导致蚕茧产量歉收,影响蚕茧产量稳定性。影响蚕茧产量稳定性的传染性疾病主要有家蚕血液型脓病、中肠型脓病、浓核病、白僵病、绿僵病等。
由于蚕为变温动物,对外界环境敏感,生长周期短,无与高等动物相似的完善的后天免疫***,且目前养蚕生产上也没有针对上述传染性蚕病的有效防治药物,因此养蚕生产中防治上述传染性蚕病主要采用预防为主,防重于治的综合防治策略,主要措施有(1)饲养抗病能力强的品种,(2)养蚕前、中、后对蚕室、蚕具以及养蚕周边环境进行彻底消毒,(3)加强桑园管理、合理施肥、提高叶质,(4)良桑饱食,增强家蚕体质,(5)饷食前用防僵粉或蚕体蚕座消毒剂进行蚕体表消毒,防止真菌的感染,(6)及时除沙,适当提青分批,不同发育阶段的蚕分批饲养,(7)及时正确诊断、淘汰病蚕、适当稀养、加强蚕体蚕座消毒、防止蚕座传染,(8)加强桑园治虫、防止交叉感染,(9)调节室内微环境、保证蚕正常发育所需的最适温湿度,(10)减少高低温冲击,防止因高低温冲击导致的蚕体质下降,(11)防止家蚕农药中毒。
这些综合防治措施对蚕茧的稳产、高产发挥了积极作用。但尽管如此,由于家蚕没有脊椎动物的完善免疫体系,生产上也没有对病毒病、僵病均有抗性的优良品种,家蚕一旦感染致病性的病毒或真菌,在大多数情况下蚕均因感染而死亡。因此,尽管养蚕生产上采取了各种各样的综合防治措施,但仍经常在5龄中后期大量发生传染性蚕病,导致蚕茧产量歉收,影响蚕茧生产的稳定性,而家蚕属于寡食性昆虫,主要食桑叶,而生产上往往因叶质不良而影响蚕茧产量。因此养蚕生产中迫切需要一种增加蚕茧产量预防蚕病发生的养蚕方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,减少5龄蚕发生血液型脓病、中肠型脓病、白僵病等传染性疾病从而导致蚕茧的产量降低,提高养蚕的安全性和蚕茧产量的稳定性。
为达成上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,其包括给5龄家蚕添食尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物。
进一步地,所述混合物中尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的重量比为950:30:10:10。
进一步地,由于家蚕集中饲养、个体小、饲养数量大,生产上难以单头蚕分别给药,因此本发明采用将尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物1.5~2.0克用200~250ml水溶解后,喷洒2~2.5千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂5龄家蚕的方法。
更进一步地,由于养蚕上血液型脓病、中肠型脓病、白僵病大多发生在5龄的中后期,而在感染后的前期症状不明显、病程短,饲养群体中不是每头蚕均被感染,综合考虑药物在家蚕体内的滞留时间以及用药成本等因素,本发明采用的技术方案为:5龄起蚕、5龄第2天、第4天、第6天各饲喂权利要求3制备的桑叶1次,每次饲喂8~10小时,其它时间用正常桑叶饲养。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明通过添食尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物减少了家蚕血液型脓病、中肠型脓病、白僵病的发生,提高了养蚕的安全性和蚕茧产量的稳定性,且即使在没有感染的情况下也可以增加蚕茧产量。目前现行养蚕生产中,没有有效的针对血液型脓病、中肠型脓病、白僵病的添食药物,主要还是通过预防为主、防重于治的综合防治策略。
具体实施方式
为进一步阐述本发明所采用的技术手段和达到的技术效果,以下结合实施例对本发明做详细说明:
本发明预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,其包括如下步骤:
1.将尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮以重量比为950:30:10:10的比例进行混合;
2.将上述混合物以每1.5~2.0克混合物用200~250ml水溶解后,喷洒2~2.5千克的桑叶上,晾干;
3.将上述桑叶在5龄起蚕、5龄第2天、第4天、第6天各饲喂一次,每次饲喂每次饲喂8~10小时,其它时间用正常桑叶饲养。
实施例一:减少血液型脓病的感染,提高蚕茧产量
1、尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物1.5克用250ml水溶解,喷洒2.5千克桑叶,同时用250ml清水喷洒桑叶,晾干后分别饲喂5龄起蚕(品种:皓月×菁松)8小时,前者为药物组,后者为对照组;
2、桑叶片分别浸渍每ml含108和107的家蚕核型多角体悬浮液,稍晾干后,分别饲喂步骤1的药物组、对照组家蚕6小时,后改用正常桑叶饲喂;
3、5龄第2天,步骤2的药物组、对照组家蚕分别饲喂步骤1的药物喷洒桑叶和清水喷洒桑叶8小时,后改用正常桑叶饲喂;
4、5龄第4天,步骤3的药物组、对照组家蚕分别饲喂步骤1的药物喷洒桑叶和清水喷洒桑叶8小时,后改用正常桑叶饲喂;
5、5龄第6天,步骤4的药物组、对照组家蚕分别饲喂步骤1的药物喷洒桑叶和清水喷洒桑叶8小时,后改用正常桑叶饲养至上簇,并统计各组的血液型脓病的发生率和产茧量(表1)。药物组血液型脓病的发病率明显低于对照组,药物组的蚕茧产量明显高于对照组。
表1
实施例二、减少中肠型脓病的感染,提高养蚕安全性
1、尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物2.0克用200ml水溶解,喷洒2千克桑叶,同时用250ml清水喷洒桑叶,晾干后分别饲喂5龄起蚕(品种:皓月×菁松)10小时,前者为药物组,后者为对照组;
2、桑叶片分别浸渍每ml含108和107的家蚕质型多角体悬浮液,稍晾干后,分别饲喂步骤1的药物组、对照组家蚕8小时,后改用正常桑叶饲喂;
3、5龄第2天,步骤2的药物组、对照组家蚕分别饲喂步骤1的药物喷洒桑叶和清水喷洒桑叶10小时,后改用正常桑叶饲喂;
4、5龄第4天,步骤3的药物组、对照组家蚕分别饲喂步骤1的药物喷洒桑叶和清水喷洒桑叶10小时,后改用正常桑叶饲喂;
5、5龄第6天,步骤4的药物组、对照组家蚕分别饲喂步骤1的药物喷洒桑叶和清水喷洒桑叶10小时,后改用正常桑叶饲养至上簇,显微镜镜检,根据中肠组织中有无多角体判定家蚕是否感染,并统计各组的中肠型脓病的感染率(表1),显示药物组的感染率明显低于对照组。
表2
实施例三、减少白僵菌感染,提高养蚕安全性
1、5龄起蚕(品种:皓月×菁松)体喷每ml含1010白僵菌分生孢子的悬浮液;
2、将步骤1的蚕分为药物组和对照组;
3、药物组家蚕:将尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物1.75克用225ml水溶解,喷洒2千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂8小时;对照组家蚕:225ml清水喷洒2千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂8小时。后用正常桑叶饲养;
4、5龄第2天、第4天、第6天,步骤3的药物组、对照组家蚕分别饲喂药物喷洒桑叶和清水喷洒桑叶8小时,其它时间用正常桑叶饲喂直至上簇,并统计各组的白僵病的发生率(表3)。药物组白僵病的发生率明显低于对照组。
表3
实施例四 提高蚕茧产量
1、药物组家蚕:正常饲养至5龄的皓月×菁松家蚕100头,尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物2.0克用250ml水溶解,喷洒2.5千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂家蚕,5龄起蚕、第2天、第4天、第6天各饲喂1次,每次饲喂8小时,其它时间均用正常桑叶饲养直至上簇。
2、对照组家蚕:正常饲养至5龄的皓月×菁松家蚕100头,按250ml清水喷洒2.5千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂家蚕,5龄起蚕、第2天、第4天、第6天各饲喂1次,每次饲喂8小时,其它时间均用正常桑叶饲养直至上簇。
3、统计各组的5龄发育经过、蚕茧产量、全茧量、茧层量、茧层率(表4),药物组的收茧量、全茧量、茧层量高于对照组,5龄经过、茧层率药物组与对照组间相差不大。
表4
实施例五 提高蚕茧产量,降低死笼率
1、药物组家蚕:皓月×菁松家蚕4张种,正常饲养至5龄:尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物按1.5克用250ml水溶解,喷洒2.5千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂家蚕,5龄起蚕、第2天、第4天、第6天各饲喂1次,每次饲喂8小时,其它时间均用正常桑叶饲养直至上簇;
2、对照组家蚕:皓月×菁松家蚕4张种,正常饲养至5龄:按250ml清水喷洒2.5千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂家蚕,5龄起蚕、第2天、第4天、第6天各饲喂1次,每次饲喂8小时,其它时间均用正常桑叶饲养直至上簇。
3、统计各组的蚕茧产量,并抽样调查死笼率。药物组的张种蚕茧产量45.3千克,死笼率为2.43%;对照组的张种蚕茧产量41.4千克,死笼率为5.74%。药物组的张种蚕茧产量比对照组高9.42%,死笼率明显低于对照组。
上述说明已经充分揭露了本发明的具体实施方式。需要指出的是,熟悉该领域的技术人员对本发明的具体实施方式所做的任何改动均不脱离本发明的权利要求书的范围。相应地,本发明的权利要求的范围也并不仅仅局限于前述具体实施方式。
Claims (4)
1.一种预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,其特征在于:其包括给5龄家蚕添食尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,其特征在于:所述混合物中尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的重量比为950:30:10:10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,其特征在于:其还包括将尿素、丙氧鸟苷、泊沙康唑、金雀异黄酮的混合物1.5~2.0克用200~250ml水溶解后,喷洒2~2.5千克桑叶,晾干后饲喂5龄家蚕。
4.根据权利要求3所述的预防家蚕发病的养蚕方法,其特征在于:5龄起蚕、5龄第2天、第4天、第6天各饲喂权利要求3制备的桑叶1次,每次饲喂8~10小时,其它时间用正常桑叶饲养。
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