CN106370552A - On-line analysis experiment device for biomass microwave pyrolysis refining and method of on-line analysis experiment device - Google Patents

On-line analysis experiment device for biomass microwave pyrolysis refining and method of on-line analysis experiment device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106370552A
CN106370552A CN201610963879.9A CN201610963879A CN106370552A CN 106370552 A CN106370552 A CN 106370552A CN 201610963879 A CN201610963879 A CN 201610963879A CN 106370552 A CN106370552 A CN 106370552A
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China
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microwave
gas
cracking
pyrolysis
experimental provision
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CN201610963879.9A
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任学勇
易启睿
周颖
常建民
张立塔
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
    • G01N5/04Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity

Abstract

The invention relates to an on-line analysis experiment device for biomass microwave pyrolysis refining and a method of the on-line analysis experiment device, and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy. The device is mainly composed of a carrier gas system, a microwave pyrolysis reaction system, a heat preservation system, a pyrolysis product collection system and a monitor system. The carrier gas system comprises a gas bottle and a digital flowmeter with a sensor, the monitor system is provided with a temperature module, a gas flow module, a material mass display module, a time control module and the like, the microwave pyrolysis reaction system comprises microwave generators and a microwave reactor, the pyrolysis product collection and analysis system comprises a filter, a first-stage S-shaped condensation pipe, a second-stage S-shaped condensation pipe, an electrostatic trapper, condensation liquid collection bottles, a gas washing bottle, a gas storage tank, an external gas analyzer and the like. According to the device, full-automatic control and real-time display are achieved, dynamic on-line analysis on the characteristics of biomass microwave pyrolysis and separation and collection of all the products can be achieved, the raw materials do not need drying treatment, and the device is wide in application range.

Description

Biomass microwave thermal cracking refining on-line analyses experimental provision and its method
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass energy technology field is and in particular to a kind of biomass microwave thermal cracking refines quantitative analyses Experimental provision and its method.
Background technology
Increasingly depleted with fossil resources and its transition using brought deterioration of the ecological environment problem, agricultural stalk, The highly-efficient processing of the biomass castoff resource such as forest tree remainder using have become as current social development focus and focus it One.Biomass conversion means are varied, including mechanical-moulded, bioconversion, chemical conversion and thermochemical study etc..With heat Cracking is the thermochemical study technology of core, can be rapidly biological by solid-state relatively low for energy density under high temperature action Matter is converted into the high value added products such as liquid fuel, combustible gas and activated carbon, has adaptability to raw material is strong, transformation efficiency is high etc. Feature.
Microwave thermal cracking is a kind of cracking method for transformation being internally heated from raw material.In microwave pyrolytic process, no Need external heat source, be to heated material internal radiation microwave electromagnetic field, promote dipole movement, make material internal composition phase Mutually collide, rub and heat, heat can be produced in different depth, i.e. " body heats " simultaneously, not only make heating more rapid, And uniformity and the quality of heating evenly, can be substantially improved with respect to conventional pyrolytic technology.
In view of microwave-heating technology converts technological merit and the application potential in field in biomass, researcher is had to attempt adopting With developing corresponding biomass microwave cracking technique and device.For example, a kind of utilization disclosed in patent cn200610068782.8 The device of microwave-heating biomass, mainly by cut-off gate, spiral material pressing device, gas leakage air-introduced machine, microwave-heating room, charcoal combustor Constitute with ash discharge auger.But this device does not have liquid product collection system, simultaneously also not special to raw material thermal cracking Property analytic function.The system of a kind of microwave-heating bio oil and activated carbon disclosed in patent cn201310496029.9, including Microwave-heating reactor, cyclone separator, condenser, coke storage bin, microwave activation reactor, gas burner, activated carbon Cooling tower and nitrogen gas generator.Although this equipment has product collection system, do not have yet biomass are carried out micro- online The function of ripple thermal cracking characteristic research, nor on-line analyses can be carried out to gas-phase product.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of new biomass microwave thermal cracking refining on-line analyses experimental provision, pass through Quality time variation relation under specific microwave action for the kinetic measurement sample and temperature-time variation relation realize opposite The on-line analyses of material microwave cracking characteristic, can also carry out liquid phase after biomass through pyrolysis, solid phase and gaseous product simultaneously Collect, and on-line chemical analysis are carried out to gas-phase product.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of biomass microwave thermal cracking refines on-line analyses experimental provision, is mainly reacted by carrier gas system, microwave cracking System, heat-insulation system, pyrolysis product collection system and monitoring system five part composition.
Described carrier gas system, including gas cylinder, loads noble gases-nitrogen in gas cylinder, in gas cylinder, gas passes through carrier gas pipe Road exports.
Described carrier gas system also includes the digital flowmeter of belt sensor, and digital flowmeter is arranged on described carrier gas pipe Lu Shang.
Described microwave cracking response system, main inclusion microwave generator and microwave reactor;Microwave reactor disposes In microwave cracking reative cell, in microwave reactor, place High Temperature Gas refining quartz material;Described microwave generator is mainly by magnetic Keyholed back plate, transformator, high-accuracy electronic circuit and heat radiation protection device composition;Magnetron is provided with 4 and is positioned on microwave cracking reaction On room.
Described heat-insulation system is arranged on outside microwave cracking response system, plays support and insulation effect;Described guarantor Warm system includes the external thermal insulation of the shell body of microwave cracking response system, the quick operating valve of microwave cracking response system and shell body Layer;Quick operating valve is with thickening heat-barrier material and the thermal insulating door thermally insulated door with choke;Microwave generator and the power supply unit of microwave generator Divide and all surround INSULATION DESIGN using complete.
Described pyrolysis product collection system, including filter, first order serpentine condenser, second level serpentine condenser, Electrostatic catcher, Drexel bottle, air accumulator;Divide under first order serpentine condenser, second level serpentine condenser and electrostatic catcher She Zhi not condensed fluid receiving flask.
Described monitoring system, including control station and microwave reaction SCP system control panel, control station and microwave reaction system control The core of disk processed is a computer;Monitoring system includes temperature monitoring system, gas flow monitoring system, quality of material display system And time controlled system.
Described temperature monitoring system is by the temperature thermocouple real-time monitoring microwave reactor being arranged in microwave reactor Interior material, pyrolysis gas and condenser system temperature;Described gas flow monitoring system is by being positioned on digital flow in gas-carrier pipeline Meter, real-time regulation, precise control carrier gas flux;Described quality of material display system, is provided with carrying microwave reactor and contains matter The electronic balance of quantity sensor, for weighing material pyrolysis weight loss situation;Described time controlled system is design in computer There are total time control system, the working time of controllable complete equipment.
In described carrier gas system, the microwave reactor of gas-carrier pipeline and microwave cracking response system is passed through in the outlet of gas cylinder It is connected;The microwave generator of described microwave cracking response system is by being arranged on the magnetron on microwave cracking reative cell Microwave, it is indoor that microwave reactor is arranged on microwave cracking reaction;Described microwave cracking response system outlet and described cracking Filter in product collection and analysis system, first order serpentine condenser, second level serpentine condenser, electrostatic catcher, wash Gas cylinder and air accumulator etc. are sequentially connected.
Described method is as follows: the noble gases in gas cylinder are passed through microwave reactor, the microwave through microwave generator transmitting After heating, the pyrolytic carbon of solid phase is retained in microwave reactor, and generates volatility pyrolysis gas and first pass through high-temperature filter, filters off Entrained solid material in gas, then passes sequentially through serpentine condenser cooling and the electrostatic catcher of two-stage series connection, respectively will Moisture and condensable gas condensation separation are got off, and enter in condensed fluid receiving flask, obtain pyrolysis oil;After electrostatic catcher Gas utilizes Drexel bottle, and uncooled tar ingredients etc. are thoroughly removed;Finally collected with air accumulator.
The purposes of this experimental provision: can kinetic measurement biomass sample specific microwave power, at a temperature of quality Time-varying relationship and temperature-time variation relation;Using filter, condenser, electrostatic catcher etc., it is possible to achieve pyrolysis The collection of liquid phase, solid phase and gaseous product;By external gas analysis instrument can realize to after Drexel bottle can not Condensed gas carries out chemical composition analysis;Studied by the gentle weight-loss of the liter in biomass material microwave pyrolytic process, knot Close Measurement results, the forming feature of research and analysis microwave-heating product and the pyrolysis mechanism of thermal decomposition product.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the microwave thermal cracking on-line analyses experimental provision of the present invention can be to the material matter of biomass cracking process Amount change carry out real-time, accurate monitoring, and generate analysis test data and crack characteristic curve shown, stored and exported, By can also being analyzed in real time by the gaseous product that external gas analysis instrument produces to pyrolysis, can be to microwave cracking Process carries out Automatic Control and real-time display, and device precision is high, is easy to biomass microwave cracking overall process is carried out online Research.
2. the microwave thermal cracking on-line analyses experimental provision of the present invention, has liquid phase, solid phase separates with gas-phase product And collection system, it is possible to achieve 100% conversion of full product and collection, it is easy to carry out follow-up deep study and analysis and product profit With work.
3. the microwave thermal cracking on-line analyses experimental provision of the present invention, does not have power feed device, therefore to leaveves, The relatively low special material of the melt temperatures such as industrial lignin, bark can also be processed, and raw material is without dried, former Material is applied widely.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the biomass microwave thermal cracking refining on-line analyses experimental provision of the present invention.
In figure labelling:
1- gas cylinder;2- digital flowmeter;3- control station;4- microwave reaction SCP system control panel;5- quick operating valve;6- electronics sky Flat;7- microwave cracking reative cell;8- temperature thermocouple;9- microwave reactor;10- microwave generator;11- shell body;12- filters Device;13- first order serpentine condenser;14- condensed fluid receiving flask;15- second level serpentine condenser;16- electrostatic catcher;17- Drexel bottle;18- air accumulator;19- gas analyser.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, biomass microwave thermal cracking liquefaction experimental provision of the present invention is mainly reacted by carrier gas system, microwave cracking System, heat-insulation system, pyrolysis product collection system and monitoring system five part composition.
Described carrier gas system, including the digital flowmeter 2 of gas cylinder 1 and belt sensor.Noble gases nitrogen is loaded in gas cylinder 1 Gas, as cracking process protective gas.In gas cylinder 1, gas is exported by gas-carrier pipeline.
Described microwave cracking response system, main inclusion microwave generator 10 and microwave reactor 9.Microwave reactor 9 It is placed in microwave cracking reative cell 7.Microwave cracking response system working condition includes, the microwave output work of microwave generator 10 Rate≤4kw, adjustable, total power input about≤5kva, running voltage: Three-phase five-wire 380v ± 6%, operating frequency: 2450mhz ± 50hz, about 1000 degree of maximum heating temperature, temperature control is adjustable.The maximum blowing cubical content of microwave reactor 9 is 1-3l, material Refine quartz material for High Temperature Gas.Described microwave generator 10 main by magnetron, transformator, high-accuracy electronic circuit and dissipate Thermel protection device forms (being prior art).Magnetron (rated power 1050w) band wind-cooling heat dissipating protection, is provided with 4, peace altogether On microwave cracking reative cell 7.For ensureing high stability and the service life of magnetron, spy adopts the centrifugal blower type of cooling, Continuous service life reaches 12000 hours.Magnetron uses high alumina ceramic sealing orifice, and it is high temperature resistant, efficiency high, load resistant power By force, life-span length, reliable stable.Using band overtemperature protection special transformator wbl-1050w, (high pressure resistant 100kv high-quality becomes Depressor, full copper core manufacture, every weighs about 8 kilograms), using double-radiation function protection device.Configure high pressure resistant silicon stack (cl04-12) and Highly reliable high-accuracy design of electronic circuits system guarantees that microwave output power is 4kw (adjustable).All electric accessories and machine Tool process debugging is reliable and stable it is ensured that this equipment does not continuously shut down production in 24 hours.Microwave energy-feeding adopts two-sided energy regenerative mode, micro- Evenly, phase complements shape opens feedback mouth it is ensured that magnetron normally runs completely to wave radiation, output matching superior performance, and prolongation makes Use the life-span.Microwave power designs, and according to situations such as biomass material treating capacity and reaction temperature, microwave treatment power can be quickly smart Really adjust.Microwave power is designed as cross complementary mode, can effectively ensure that the uniformity of material high temperature sintering.
Described heat-insulation system, including the shell body 11 of microwave cracking response system, the opening soon of microwave cracking response system Door 5 and the external thermal insulation of shell body 11.Every section of inner bag of shell body 11 adopts 310s high temperature resistant stainless steel material manufacture;Every section All using interior polyhedron heating cavity structure design.Quick operating valve 5 is with thickening heat-barrier material and the thermal insulating door thermally insulated door with choke, Guarantee that microwave equipment life-time service does not leak it is ensured that using safety.Quick operating valve 5 adopts manual control mode.Microwave generator 10 With the power pack of microwave generator all using the full encirclement INSULATION DESIGN of 150 thickness, can effectively prevent thermal loss.
Described pyrolysis product collection system, including filter 12, first order serpentine condenser 13, the snakelike condensation in the second level Pipe 15, electrostatic catcher 16, condensed fluid receiving flask 14, Drexel bottle 17, air accumulator 18 etc..
Described monitoring system, including control station 3, microwave reaction SCP system control panel 4.Control station 3 and microwave reaction system The core of control panel 4 is a computer.It is provided with monitoring temperature, gas flow monitors, quality of material shows with timely in monitoring system Between monitoring etc. module, formed temperature monitoring system, gas flow monitoring system, quality of material display system, time controlled system. Wherein control station 3 is designed with independent general control system (plc control system).Described temperature monitoring system be arranged on by one micro- Material, pyrolysis gas and condenser system temperature in temperature thermocouple real-time monitoring microwave reactor 9 in ripple reactor 9.Described Gas flow monitoring system is by being positioned on digital flowmeter 2 in gas-carrier pipeline, real-time regulation, precise control carrier gas flux.Described Quality of material display system, be provided with the electronic balance 6 carrying microwave reactor 9 and containing mass sensor, electronic balance 6 is used for Weigh and record material pyrolysis weight loss situation, dynamic measures mass-time change at a temperature of specific microwave power for the sample Relation and temperature-time variation relation.Electronic balance 6 range 1kg, precision 0.01g, can be with computer and quality of material in control station 3 Display module connects, and directly displays, stores and output data.Described time controlled system is to be designed with total time in computer Control system, the working time of controllable complete equipment, design every section to be provided with time controlled system a set of simultaneously, can individually control Working time processed, complete equipment stable operation can be ensured.Other control display system designs, such as can show the electric current of microwave power Meter apparatus etc..
The present invention concrete structure composition and between annexation be:
The outlet of the gas cylinder 1 of carrier gas system is connected to the microwave reactor 9 of microwave cracking response system by gas-carrier pipeline, It is provided with the digital flowmeter 2 of detected gas flow in gas-carrier pipeline.Microwave reactor 9 is arranged on microwave cracking reative cell 7 Interior.Biomass material High Temperature Gas refining quartz material is placed in microwave reactor 9.Microwave reactor 9 is provided with thermometric heat Galvanic couple 8, bottom is provided with electronic balance 6.Microwave cracking reative cell 7 carries quick operating valve 5, and the microwave of microwave cracking response system occurs Device 10 is by the magnetron microwave being arranged on microwave cracking reative cell 7.Microwave cracking reative cell 7 entirety is placed in outer In housing 11.The export pipeline of microwave reactor 9 is passed through the filter 12 in pyrolysis product collection system, the outlet of filter 12 It is sequentially connected first order serpentine condenser 13, second level serpentine condenser 15, electrostatic catcher 16, Drexel bottle 17 and air accumulator 18.Described first order serpentine condenser 13, second level serpentine condenser 15, electrostatic catcher 16 bottom are equipped with condensed fluid and receive Collection bottle 14.One analyzer tube is bypassed out on the pipeline between Drexel bottle 17 and air accumulator 18 and leads to gas analyser 19.
The pyrolysis liquefying technological process that biomass microwave thermal cracking of the present invention refines on-line analyses experimental provision is:
First the biomass material 100-500g of pending analysis is placed on the inertia in microwave reactor 9, in gas cylinder 1 Gas is passed through microwave reactor 9, and the microwave through microwave generator 10 transmitting quickly heats up in the heating rate of 10-100 DEG C/s After design temperature, (the carbonization reaction temperature typically based on solid product is about 300-400 DEG C, the liquefaction based on liquid product Reaction temperature is about 450-600 DEG C, and the gasification reaction temperature based on gas-phase product is about 700-900 DEG C), proceed by and split Solution reaction, the pyrolytic carbon of solid phase is retained in microwave reactor 9, and the volatility pyrolysis gas generating first pass through filter 12 (mesh Number 500-2500 mesh), filter off the solid product carried secretly in gas, then pass sequentially through the serpentine condenser 13,15 of two-stage series connection (cooling medium temperature range be < 4 DEG C) cooling, and pass through electrostatic catcher 16 (running voltage 15-60kv), respectively by moisture and The condensable gas condensation separation that biomass pyrolytic produces is got off, and enters in respective condensed fluid receiving flask 14, obtains pyrolysis oil. Drexel bottle 17 is utilized by the gas after electrostatic catcher 16, uncooled tar ingredients etc. are thoroughly removed;Eventually pass dry Collected using air accumulator 18 after dry device (not shown) eliminating water.And can be by external gas analyser 19 (as gas chromatogram Instrument, infrared flue gas analyzer etc.) carry out that composition is online or offline gc, ir analysis.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of biomass microwave thermal cracking refining on-line analyses experimental provision it is characterised in that: main by carrier gas system, microwave Cracking reaction system, heat-insulation system, pyrolysis product collection system and monitoring system five part composition.
2. experimental provision according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described carrier gas system, including gas cylinder, in gas cylinder fill Carry noble gases-nitrogen, in gas cylinder, gas is exported by gas-carrier pipeline.
3. experimental provision according to claim 2 it is characterised in that: described carrier gas system also includes the number of belt sensor Word effusion meter, digital flowmeter is arranged in described gas-carrier pipeline.
4. experimental provision according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described microwave cracking response system, main include Microwave generator and microwave reactor;Microwave reactor is placed in microwave cracking reative cell, places high temperature in microwave reactor Gas refines quartz material;Described microwave generator is mainly by magnetron, transformator, electronic circuit and heat radiation protection device group Become;Magnetron is provided with 4, is positioned on microwave cracking reative cell.
5. experimental provision according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described heat-insulation system be arranged on microwave cracking reaction Its exterior, plays support and insulation effect;Described heat-insulation system includes the shell body of microwave cracking response system, microwave splits The solution quick operating valve of response system and the external thermal insulation of shell body;Quick operating valve is with thickening heat-barrier material and with choke Thermal insulating door thermally insulated door;The power pack of microwave generator and microwave generator all surrounds INSULATION DESIGN using complete.
6. experimental provision according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described pyrolysis product collection system, including filter Device, first order serpentine condenser, second level serpentine condenser, electrostatic catcher, Drexel bottle, air accumulator;Snakelike cold in the first order It is respectively provided with condensed fluid receiving flask under solidifying pipe, second level serpentine condenser and electrostatic catcher.
7. experimental provision according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described monitoring system, including control station and microwave Response system control panel, the core of control station and microwave reaction SCP system control panel is a computer;Monitoring system includes monitoring temperature System, gas flow monitoring system, quality of material display system and time controlled system.
8. experimental provision according to claim 7 it is characterised in that: described temperature monitoring system is anti-by being arranged on microwave Answer material, pyrolysis gas and condenser system temperature in the temperature thermocouple real-time monitoring microwave reactor in device;Described gas stream Amount monitoring system is by being positioned on digital flowmeter in gas-carrier pipeline, real-time regulation, precise control carrier gas flux;Described material matter Amount display system, is provided with and carries microwave reactor the electronic balance containing mass sensor, for weighing material pyrolysis weight loss feelings Condition;Described time controlled system is to be designed with total time control system in computer, the working time of controllable complete equipment.
9. experimental provision according to claim 6 it is characterised in that: in described carrier gas system the outlet of gas cylinder pass through carry Air pipe is connected with the microwave reactor of microwave cracking response system;The microwave generator of described microwave cracking response system leads to Cross the magnetron microwave being arranged on microwave cracking reative cell, it is indoor that microwave reactor is arranged on microwave cracking reaction;Institute Filter in the outlet of microwave cracking response system and the collection of described pyrolysis product and analysis system stated, the first order are snakelike cold Solidifying pipe, second level serpentine condenser, electrostatic catcher, Drexel bottle and air accumulator etc. are sequentially connected.
10. the biomass microwave thermal cracking described in a kind of utilization any one of claim 1 to 9 refines quantitative analytical experiment device Experimental technique is it is characterised in that described method is as follows: the noble gases in gas cylinder are passed through microwave reactor, occurs through microwave After the microwave heating of device transmitting, the pyrolytic carbon of solid phase is retained in microwave reactor, and generates volatility pyrolysis gas and first pass through height Warm filter, filters off entrained solid material in gas, then passes sequentially through serpentine condenser cooling and the electrostatic of two-stage series connection Moisture and condensable gas condensation separation are got off by catcher respectively, enter in condensed fluid receiving flask, obtain pyrolysis oil;Pass through Gas after electrostatic catcher utilizes Drexel bottle, and uncooled tar ingredients etc. are thoroughly removed;Finally collected with air accumulator.
CN201610963879.9A 2016-11-04 2016-11-04 On-line analysis experiment device for biomass microwave pyrolysis refining and method of on-line analysis experiment device Pending CN106370552A (en)

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CN107014857A (en) * 2017-04-21 2017-08-04 机械工业上海蓝亚石化设备检测所有限公司 A kind of experimental rig compatible with oxygen for deep cooling container heat-insulating material
CN107099313A (en) * 2017-05-18 2017-08-29 华南理工大学 A kind of microwave-heating apparatus and method with carrier gas Hybrid Heating and oil collecting function
CN108489853A (en) * 2018-05-08 2018-09-04 江苏大学 A kind of microwave thermogravimetric response analysis system
CN108913177A (en) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-30 中国科学院上海高等研究院 A kind of method and device of the biomass pyrolytic tar low temperature removing based on microwave hot spot
CN109030558A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-12-18 喀山(伏尔加地区)联邦大学 A kind of porous media reaction heat effect monitoring device and method
CN109030558B (en) * 2018-07-25 2020-05-22 喀山(伏尔加地区)联邦大学 Device and method for monitoring heat effect of reaction of crude oil sample in porous medium
CN110285426A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-09-27 东莞理工学院 A kind of microwave-assisted burner of the solid waste of use for laboratory and method
CN110157491A (en) * 2019-07-03 2019-08-23 吉林大学 A kind of dismountable condenser pipe for being used for biomass collection thermal cracking oil
CN110157491B (en) * 2019-07-03 2024-02-09 吉林大学 Detachable condenser pipe for collecting biomass thermal cracking oil
CN112934147A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-11 煤科院节能技术有限公司 Microwave catalyst synthesis and catalysis test dual-purpose device
CN113008726A (en) * 2021-04-09 2021-06-22 河北大有镁业有限责任公司 Device and method for determining components of ammonium carnallite dehydrated material
CN114309023A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-04-12 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Low-temperature and low-power carbon-containing material microwave treatment process

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Application publication date: 20170201