CN106358486A - Salt-avoiding cultivation method of irrigation area of Yellow River - Google Patents
Salt-avoiding cultivation method of irrigation area of Yellow River Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358486A CN106358486A CN201610762308.9A CN201610762308A CN106358486A CN 106358486 A CN106358486 A CN 106358486A CN 201610762308 A CN201610762308 A CN 201610762308A CN 106358486 A CN106358486 A CN 106358486A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a salt-avoiding cultivation method of an irrigation area of the Yellow River and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The salt-avoiding cultivation method comprises the following steps: selecting a land and laying salt discharging pipes; applying animal composted manure, straws, sawdust and desulfurized gypsum powder on the surface of the land; carrying out surface plowing on a saline and alkaline land and irrigating and applying a base fertilizer; punching and applying a soil fertility fertilizer; laminating a film and planting; and irrigating and carrying out final-period management. The method provided by the invention is simple to operate; the water accumulation capability of soil can be improved and nutrients are kept; the looseness of the soil can be improved and the hardening degree of the soil is improved; the laminated film is good for moisture preservation, fertilizer preservation and temperature rising; soluble salt ions can also be rapidly leached and dissolved into a plough layer, and the surface laminated film can prevent soil salt from being accumulated on the surface of the soil; wheat grass covers the laminated film and can effectively prevent moisture from evaporation; and the salt ions leached and dissolved into a soil deep layer do not easily move to the surface soil along water, so that the aim of reducing salt content is realized and a salt-avoiding aim is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the salt methods of cultivation are kept away in a kind of Yellow River irrigation, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
The existing 100,000,000 hectares of salt-soda soils of China, major part is distributed in the arids such as North China, northwest and northeast, semiarid zone, main
Xinjiang to be included, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, the Inner Mongol, the northeast of Shanxi Province, above-mentioned salt-soda soil hydrological geological conditions are complicated,
Belonging to Yellow River System water system, level of ground water is affected especially pronounced, level of ground water height by Yellow River System, and local beverage well typically exists more
20m, in 2m, In The Soils are solonchak and aeolian sandy soil to phreatic line, be develop in the drift-sand matrix and
The young soil becoming, soil is contained within great amount of soluble salt, and rainfall is low, whole year about average 180mm, and the sufficient evaporation of illumination is fast,
Form salt-soda soil, earth's surface forms hardening salt knot layer, and, how based on Saline-Sodic, salinity is high, alkali for the saline and alkaline type in above-mentioned salt-soda soil
Property strong, topsoil soils salinity is typically in 3～5g/kg, the up to 10g/kg having；Ph value typically 8.3～9.2, have up to
More than 10；Typically 10～30%, high reaches 50～70% to basicity, due to the more sodium ion of soil colloid absorption, leads to
Gas, water permeability are poor, and soil property glues weight, hardened, contraction earth's surface cracking when dry, miriness, tilth extreme difference when wet.
At present, in Yellow River irrigation, conventional tillage require soil in small, broken bits smooth, rake a kind of farm tools of repeatedly turning over, whole must be more thin better, fall
During water, interstices of soil is easily blocked by tiny grogs, makes rain infiltration rate reduction, table soil hydrops, forms runoff, draw
Send out soil erosion strong；Conventional tillage often destroys Soil structure, and in addition to crop growth period, arable land surface is naked for a long time
Dew, had not both had Organic substance to cover, and did not had green plantss to cover, soil water evaporation is extremely strong, makes limited Soil-stored water yet
Inefficiency loss, WUEL is low, and loose exposed table soil is also easy to water erosion.In addition, traditional agriculture is substantial amounts of
Straw and animal manure are used as fuel, and organic matter not only can not be returned farmland and participate in material circulation, and greenhouse gas emission is serious, easily causes
Air pollution, and for the salt-soda soil of Yellow River irrigation, the high content of salt in soil makes soil aeration, water permeability poor, soil property
Viscous weight, hardened, contraction earth's surface cracking when dry, miriness when wet, tilth extreme difference, and during Planting Crops, crop irrigation requires relatively
Height, very big to the demand of irrigation water, and also the irrigation efficiency of water is very low, and irrigation effect is simultaneously inconspicuous, leads to irrigate into
This height, crop yield are low, therefore, set up a kind of tillage method of continuable protectiveness, are to solve Yellow River irrigation salt-soda soil
There is the effective way of the problems referred to above in conventional tillage mode.
Content of the invention
The main object of the present invention is that the irrigation existing to solve current Yellow River irrigation salt-soda soil conventional tillage mode becomes
This height, moisture usage amount are big, keep away salt and salt reduction effect is poor, the problems such as easily cause strong soil erosion, provide a kind of filling of the Yellow River
Area keeps away the salt methods of cultivation.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that:
The salt methods of cultivation are kept away in a kind of Yellow River irrigation, comprise the steps:
Step s1: select the Yellow River irrigation salt-soda soil of prepartion of land, in salt-soda soil at interval of 18～22m depth of burying be
The salt discharging pipe that 2.0～2.5m is parallel to each other, a diameter of 30～40cm of salt discharging pipe, salt discharging pipe is provided with non-woven fabrics filtrate；
Step s2: saline and alkaline the earth's surface apply animal become thoroughly decomposed excrement, granularity be the sawdust of 1.0～1.5cm, granularity be 10～
20 μm of desulfurization gypsum powder, length are the straw of 3～4cm and slight binding agent, animal become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder,
For 80～85:15～20:20～25:10～15:1～3, slight binding agent is to form sediment to weight between straw and slight binding agent ratio
Powder solution；
Step s3: after applying animal is become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw and slight binder combination
Turned over using rotary cultivator in salt-soda soil, ploughed depth is 20～30cm, so that become thoroughly decomposed excrement and straw of animal is crushed, and with topsoil soil
Earth mix homogeneously, then by every cube of water 30～35g polyacrylamide consumption soluble in water, with dissolved with polyacrylamide water with
35～45 cubic metres every mu of irrigation quantity is irrigated；
Step s4: basal dressing after the soil dry after irrigating, apply for every mu and be equivalent to nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium and amount to 12～15kg's
Base manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium for 3:2:2, every mu of borax 3～4kg in base manure, use after spreading fertilizer over the fields the shallow rotation of rotary cultivator 10～
15cm；
Step s5: be drilled with one by rig at interval of 4～6m between two salt discharging pipes and arrange in a row water penetration hole, arrange in a row
The pitch-row in water penetration hole is 4～6m, and hole depth is 0.8～1.2m, and aperture is 60～80mm, the catchment infiltration between two salt discharging pipes
Hole is in quincuncial arrangement, in catchment infiltration in the hole filling fertilizer, fine sand and the sawdust increase soil fertility, fertilizer and fine sand,
The mass ratio of sawdust is 1:10～15:5～10, and fertilizer formula adopts microbial organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, its body
Long-pending ratio is 80～90:10～20；
Step s6: to the topsoil soils overlay film having openning hole, overlay film adopts full overlay film form, overlay film select width be 2.0～
2.5m, thickness are the resistance to close plastic thin film of 0.005～0.01mm, and the film side of plastic sheeting carries out earthing, earthing width 3～
7cm, thickness of earth covering 2～4cm, when covering temperature in the shed for 2～10 DEG C, plant different crops as needed；
Step s7: periodically in the form of drip irrigation, drip irrigation is carried out to the crops of plantation, and add poly- in the water of drip irrigation
Acrylamide, addition is every cube of water 10～15g polyacrylamide, in the different times of plant growing, can also use and drip
Fill pipe and drip irrigation is carried out to the root of plant；
Step s8: periodically the water of salt discharging pipe is discharged, water is drained into the wetland pool, and plant moisture-proof plant on the wetland pool.
Further, the salt discharging pipe being parallel to each other for 2.0m at interval of the 20m depth of burying in salt-soda soil, described salt discharging pipe
A diameter of 35cm, described salt discharging pipe is provided with inlet opening, and described salt discharging pipe is pvc pipe or pe pipe, the compressive resistance of described salt discharging pipe
More than 0.7mpa, between the initial end of described salt discharging pipe and end, there is 5 ‰ gradient.
Further, first sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder are mixed with slight binding agent, described slight binding agent will be sawed
After wood powder and desulfurization gypsum powder are bonded, then mixed with the animal excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, be sprinkled into saline and alkaline after mixing again together with straw
Earth's surface.
Further, described animal is become thoroughly decomposed the weight between excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw and slight binding agent
For 41:9:11:6:1, the granularity of described sawdust is 1.3cm to ratio, and the granularity of described desulfurization gypsum powder is 15 μm, described straw
Length is 3.5cm, and the described animal excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed is pig manure, cattle manure or chicken manure.
Further, to be sprinkled into animal become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, after straw and slight binder combination
The depth turned over using rotary cultivator of salt-soda soil be 25cm, form, after turning over, the field being spaced apart 10～15cm, to each
Field is irrigated with 40 cubic metres every mu of irrigation quantity with the water dissolved with polyacrylamide again, and wherein every cube water contains 32g and gathers
Acrylamide.
Further, apply and be equivalent to the base manure that nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium amount to 14kg for every mu, nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight of potassium are respectively
6kg, 4kg, 4kg, every mu of borax 3.5kg in base manure, uses rotary cultivator shallow rotation 10cm after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Further, often arrange interval 5m between described catchment infiltration hole, the pitch-row arranging in a row water penetration hole is 5m, and hole depth is
1m, aperture is 70mm, and the fertilizer of catchment infiltration in the hole and fine sand, the mass ratio of sawdust are 1:12:6, microbial organic fertilizer with
The volume ratio of plant growth regulator is 85:15.
Further, the width of described plastic sheeting be 2.2m, thickness be 0.008mm, the film side earthing of plastic sheeting
Width 5cm, thickness of earth covering 3cm, before planting, on described plastic sheeting cover one layer of dry wheat straw, overlay capacity be every mu 210～
220kg.
Further, drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation quota meets formula (1):
τ=κ × ρ × σ × f × (φmax-φmin)/(δ×100ω) (1)
Wherein: τ is design irrigating water quota mm；
κ is coefficient of pouring water, and is 0.1～0.12；
B is soil weight g cm-3, it is 1.25～1.40g cm-3；
σ is plan ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.5～0.25m；
F is percentage of wetted soil %, is 45～58%；
φmaxFor the suitable soil moisture content upper limit, it is the 85～89% of maximum water-holding capacity；
φminFor suitable soil moisture content lower limit, it is the 65～69% of maximum water-holding capacity；
δ is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.85～0.89；
ω is salinity % in soil, is 0.1～0.6%.
Further, meet formula (2) irrigation frequency:
T=(q/e) × δ (2)
Q is design irrigating water quota mm；
T is design d irrigation frequency；
E is design water consumption intensity mm/d, is 5-7mm/d；
δ is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.85～0.89.
The method have the benefit that: the salt methods of cultivation are kept away in the Yellow River irrigation that the present invention provides, and method is simple to operate,
By selection of land and lay salt discharging pipe, become thoroughly decomposed excrement, straw, sawdust and desulfurization gypsum powder in ground top application animal, to salt-soda soil earth's surface
Turn over and irrigate, basal dressing, punches and applies soil fertility fertilizer, overlay film and plantation, irrigate, final-period management, effectively solve
The irrigation cost that at present Yellow River irrigation salt-soda soil conventional tillage mode exists is high, moisture usage amount is big, keep away salt and salt reduction effect poor,
The problems such as easily cause strong soil erosion, the present invention can not only effectively improve soil water storage ability, keep nutrient additionally it is possible to
Improve loose soil divergence, improve soil compaction degree, and be conducive to water conservation, fertilizer conservation, heat by overlay film, rotten in ground top application animal
Ripe excrement, straw, sawdust and desulfurization gypsum powder, and irrigated with polyacrylamide, the soluble-salt in alkaline land soil can be made
To below topsoil, plastic film mulching reaches suppression soil salt to be assembled ion direction quick leaching to upper soll layer, and in overlay film overlying
Lid wheat straw, can effectively suppress moisture evaporation, and the salt ion of leaching to deep subsoil can be made to be not easy to move on to water transport again
Topsoil, plays the effect reducing salinity, by punching and applying soil fertility fertilizer, effectively realizes keeping away salt purpose.
Specific embodiment
For making those skilled in the art more understand and clear and definite technical scheme, with reference to specific embodiment pair
The present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention not limited to this.
The present embodiment provides a kind of Yellow River irrigation to keep away the salt methods of cultivation, comprises the steps:
Step s1: select the Yellow River irrigation salt-soda soil of prepartion of land, in salt-soda soil at interval of 18～22m depth of burying be
The salt discharging pipe that 2.0～2.5m is parallel to each other, a diameter of 30～40cm of salt discharging pipe, salt discharging pipe is provided with non-woven fabrics filtrate；
Step s2: saline and alkaline the earth's surface apply animal become thoroughly decomposed excrement, granularity be the sawdust of 1.0～1.5cm, granularity be 10～
20 μm of desulfurization gypsum powder, length are the straw of 3～4cm and slight binding agent, animal become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder,
For 80～85:15～20:20～25:10～15:1～3, slight binding agent is to form sediment to weight between straw and slight binding agent ratio
Powder solution；
Step s3: after applying animal is become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw and slight binder combination
Turned over using rotary cultivator in salt-soda soil, ploughed depth is 20～30cm, so that become thoroughly decomposed excrement and straw of animal is crushed, and with topsoil soil
Earth mix homogeneously, then by every cube of water 30～35g polyacrylamide consumption soluble in water, with dissolved with polyacrylamide water with
35～45 cubic metres every mu of irrigation quantity is irrigated；
Step s4: basal dressing after the soil dry after irrigating, apply for every mu and be equivalent to nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium and amount to 12～15kg's
Base manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium for 3:2:2, every mu of borax 3～4kg in base manure, use after spreading fertilizer over the fields the shallow rotation of rotary cultivator 10～
15cm；
Step s5: be drilled with one by rig at interval of 4～6m between two salt discharging pipes and arrange in a row water penetration hole, arrange in a row
The pitch-row in water penetration hole is 4～6m, and hole depth is 0.8～1.2m, and aperture is 60～80mm, the catchment infiltration between two salt discharging pipes
Hole is in quincuncial arrangement, in catchment infiltration in the hole filling fertilizer, fine sand and the sawdust increase soil fertility, fertilizer and fine sand,
The mass ratio of sawdust is 1:10～15:5～10, and fertilizer formula adopts microbial organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, its body
Long-pending ratio is 80～90:10～20；
Step s6: to the topsoil soils overlay film having openning hole, overlay film adopts full overlay film form, overlay film select width be 2.0～
2.5m, thickness are the resistance to close plastic thin film of 0.005～0.01mm, and the film side of plastic sheeting carries out earthing, earthing width 3～
7cm, thickness of earth covering 2～4cm, when covering temperature in the shed for 2～10 DEG C, plant different crops as needed；
Step s7: periodically in the form of drip irrigation, drip irrigation is carried out to the crops of plantation, and add poly- in the water of drip irrigation
Acrylamide, addition is every cube of water 10～15g polyacrylamide, in the different times of plant growing, can also use and drip
Fill pipe and drip irrigation is carried out to the root of plant；
Step s8: periodically the water of salt discharging pipe is discharged, water is drained into the wetland pool, and plant moisture-proof plant on the wetland pool.
Further, in step s1, the salt discharge that is parallel to each other for 2.0m at interval of the 20m depth of burying in salt-soda soil
Pipe, a diameter of 35cm of described salt discharging pipe, described salt discharging pipe is provided with inlet opening, and described salt discharging pipe is pvc pipe or pe manages, described row
The compressive resistance of salt pipe is more than 0.7mpa, has 5 ‰ gradient between the initial end of described salt discharging pipe and end.
Further, in step s2, first sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder are mixed with slight binding agent, described light
After sawdust and desulfurization gypsum powder are bonded by degree binding agent, then mixed with the animal excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, after mixing again with straw
It is sprinkled into saline and alkaline earth's surface together, the weight that described animal is become thoroughly decomposed between excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw and slight binding agent
For 41:9:11:6:1, the granularity of described sawdust is 1.3cm to ratio, and the granularity of described desulfurization gypsum powder is 15 μm, described straw
Length is 3.5cm, and the described animal excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed is pig manure, cattle manure or chicken manure.
Further, in step s3, bond with slight to being sprinkled into become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw of animal
The depth turned over using rotary cultivator in salt-soda soil after agent composition is 25cm, forms the field being spaced apart 10～15cm after turning over
Ridge, is irrigated with 40 cubic metres every mu of irrigation quantity with the water dissolved with polyacrylamide to each field, wherein every cube again
Water polyacrylamide containing 32g.
Further, in step s4, apply for every mu and be equivalent to base manure nitrogenous, that phosphorus, potassium amount to 14kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight of potassium
Amount is respectively 6kg, 4kg, 4kg, every mu of borax 3.5kg in base manure, uses rotary cultivator shallow rotation 10cm after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Further, in step s5, often arrange interval 5m between described catchment infiltration hole, the pitch-row arranging in a row water penetration hole is
5m, hole depth is 1m, and aperture is 70mm, and the fertilizer of catchment infiltration in the hole is 1:12:6 with the mass ratio of fine sand, sawdust, microorganism
Fertilizer is 85:15 with the volume ratio of plant growth regulator.
Further, in step s6, the width of described plastic sheeting is 2.2m, thickness is 0.008mm, plastic sheeting
The width 5cm of film side earthing, thickness of earth covering 3cm, before planting, described plastic sheeting cover one layer of dry wheat straw, overlay capacity
For every mu of 210～220kg.
Further, in step s7, drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation quota meets formula (1):
τ=κ × ρ × σ × f × (φmax-φmin)/(δ×100ω) (1)
Wherein: τ is design irrigating water quota mm；
κ is coefficient of pouring water, and is 0.1～0.12；
B is soil weight g cm-3, it is 1.25～1.40g cm-3；
σ is plan ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.5～0.25m；
F is percentage of wetted soil %, is 45～58%；
φmaxFor the suitable soil moisture content upper limit, it is the 85～89% of maximum water-holding capacity；
φminFor suitable soil moisture content lower limit, it is the 65～69% of maximum water-holding capacity；
δ is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.85～0.89；
ω is salinity % in soil, is 0.1～0.6%；
Meet formula (2) irrigation frequency:
T=(q/e) × δ (2)
Q is design irrigating water quota mm；
T is design d irrigation frequency；
E is design water consumption intensity mm/d, is 5-7mm/d；
δ is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.85～0.89.
In sum, the salt methods of cultivation are kept away in the Yellow River irrigation that the present embodiment provides, and method is simple to operate, by selection of land and spread
If salt discharging pipe, become thoroughly decomposed excrement, straw, sawdust and desulfurization gypsum powder in ground top application animal, salt-soda soil earth's surface is turned over and irrigates, apply
Base manure, punches and applies soil fertility fertilizer, overlay film and plantation, irrigates, final-period management, effectively solves current Yellow River irrigation salt
The irrigation cost that alkali ground conventional tillage mode exists is high, moisture usage amount is big, keep away salt and salt reduction effect is poor, easily cause strong water
The problems such as soil runs off, the present invention can not only effectively improve soil water storage ability, keeps nutrient additionally it is possible to improve looseness of soil
Degree, improves soil compaction degree, and is conducive to water conservation, fertilizer conservation, is heated by overlay film, becomes thoroughly decomposed excrement, straw, saw in ground top application animal
Wood powder and desulfurization gypsum powder, and irrigated with polyacrylamide, the Soluble salt ions direction quick leaching in alkaline land soil can be made
To below topsoil, plastic film mulching reaches suppression soil salt to be assembled to upper soll layer, and covering wheat straw on overlay film, Neng Gouyou
Effect suppression moisture evaporation, can make the salt ion of leaching to deep subsoil be not easy to move on to topsoil with water transport again, play
Reduce the effect of salinity, by punching and applying soil fertility fertilizer, effectively realize keeping away salt purpose.
The above, patent preferred embodiment only of the present invention, but the protection domain of patent of the present invention is not limited to
This, in scope disclosed in patent of the present invention for any those familiar with the art, according to the skill of patent of the present invention
Art scheme and its design in addition equivalent or change, broadly fall into the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that comprising the steps: in a kind of Yellow River irrigation
Step s1: select prepartion of land Yellow River irrigation salt-soda soil, in salt-soda soil at interval of 18～22m depth of burying be 2.0
The salt discharging pipe that～2.5m is parallel to each other, a diameter of 30～40cm of salt discharging pipe, salt discharging pipe is provided with non-woven fabrics filtrate；
Step s2: saline and alkaline the earth's surface apply animal become thoroughly decomposed excrement, granularity be the sawdust of 1.0～1.5cm, granularity be 10～20 μm
Desulfurization gypsum powder, length be the straw of 3～4cm and slight binding agent, animal is become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw
For 80～85:15～20:20～25:10～15:1～3, slight binding agent is that starch is molten to weight and slight binding agent between ratio
Liquid；
Step s3: become thoroughly decomposed excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, saline and alkaline after straw and slight binder combination to applying animal
Turned over using rotary cultivator in ground, ploughed depth is 20～30cm, so that become thoroughly decomposed excrement and straw of animal is crushed, and mixes with topsoil soils
Close uniformly, more soluble in water, with the water dissolved with polyacrylamide with every mu by the consumption of every cube of water 30～35g polyacrylamide
35～45 cubic metres of irrigation quantity is irrigated；
Step s4: basal dressing after the soil dry after irrigating, apply for every mu and be equivalent to base manure nitrogenous, that phosphorus, potassium amount to 12～15kg,
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium for 3:2:2, every mu of borax 3～4kg in base manure, use rotary cultivator shallow rotation 10～15cm after spreading fertilizer over the fields；
Step s5: be drilled with one by rig at interval of 4～6m between two salt discharging pipes and arrange in a row water penetration hole, arrange in a row water and ooze
The pitch-row of open-work is 4～6m, and hole depth is 0.8～1.2m, and aperture is 60～80mm, and the catchment infiltration hole between two salt discharging pipes is in
Quincuncial arrangement, fertilizer, fine sand and the sawdust increase soil fertility in the filling of catchment infiltration in the hole, fertilizer and fine sand, sawmilling
The mass ratio of powder is 1:10～15:5～10, and fertilizer formula adopts microbial organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, its volume ratio
For 80～90:10～20；
Step s6: to the topsoil soils overlay film having openning hole, overlay film adopts full overlay film form, it is 2.0～2.5m that overlay film selects width,
Thickness is the resistance to close plastic thin film of 0.005～0.01mm, and the film side of plastic sheeting carries out earthing, earthing width 3～7cm, covers
Soil thickness 2～4cm, when covering temperature in the shed for 2～10 DEG C, plants different crops as needed；
Step s7: periodically in the form of drip irrigation, drip irrigation is carried out to the crops of plantation, and add polypropylene in the water of drip irrigation
Amide, addition is every cube of water 10～15g polyacrylamide, in the different times of plant growing, can also use drip irrigation pipe
Drip irrigation is carried out to the root of plant；
Step s8: periodically the water of salt discharging pipe is discharged, water is drained into the wetland pool, and plant moisture-proof plant on the wetland pool.
2. a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1 keep away the salt methods of cultivation it is characterised in that in salt-soda soil at interval of
The salt discharging pipe that the 20m depth of burying is parallel to each other for 2.0m, a diameter of 35cm of described salt discharging pipe, described salt discharging pipe is provided with into water
Hole, described salt discharging pipe is pvc pipe or pe pipe, and the compressive resistance of described salt discharging pipe is more than 0.7mpa, the initial end of described salt discharging pipe with
There is 5 ‰ gradient between end.
3. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that first by sawdust, desulfurization in a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1
Gypsum Fibrosum powder is mixed with slight binding agent, after sawdust and desulfurization gypsum powder are bonded by described slight binding agent, then with
The animal excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed is mixed, and is sprinkled into saline and alkaline earth's surface after mixing again together with straw.
4. a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1 excrement of keeping away the salt methods of cultivation it is characterised in that described animal is become thoroughly decomposed,
Weight between sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw and slight binding agent is than for 41:9:11:6:1, the granularity of described sawdust
For 1.3cm, the granularity of described desulfurization gypsum powder is 15 μm, and the length of described straw is 3.5cm, and the described animal excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed is pig
Excrement, cattle manure or chicken manure.
5. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that becoming thoroughly decomposed to being sprinkled into animal in a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1
The depth turned over using rotary cultivator in salt-soda soil after excrement, sawdust, desulfurization gypsum powder, straw and slight binder combination
For 25cm, form, after turning over, the field being spaced apart 10～15cm, to each field again with the water dissolved with polyacrylamide with every mu
40 cubic metres of irrigation quantity is irrigated, wherein every cube water polyacrylamide containing 32g.
6. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that every mu is applied to be equivalent to and contains in a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium amount to 14kg base manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium weight be respectively 6kg, 4kg, 4kg, every mu of borax 3.5kg in base manure,
Rotary cultivator shallow rotation 10cm is used after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
7. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that often arranging described catchment infiltration in a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1
Between hole be spaced 5m, arrange in a row water penetration hole pitch-row be 5m, hole depth be 1m, aperture be 70mm, the fertilizer of catchment infiltration in the hole with
Fine sand, the mass ratio of sawdust are 1:12:6, and microbial organic fertilizer is 85:15 with the volume ratio of plant growth regulator.
8. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that the width of described plastic sheeting in a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1
Spending for 2.2m, thickness is 0.008mm, width 5cm, the thickness of earth covering 3cm of the film side earthing of plastic sheeting, before planting, institute
State one layer of dry wheat straw of covering on plastic sheeting, overlay capacity is every mu of 210～220kg.
9. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation quota is full in a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1
Sufficient formula (1):
τ=κ × ρ × σ × f × (φmax-φmin)/(δ×100ω) (1)
Wherein: τ is design irrigating water quota mm；
κ is coefficient of pouring water, and is 0.1～0.12；
B is soil weight g cm-3, it is 1.25～1.40g cm-3；
σ is plan ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.5～0.25m；
F is percentage of wetted soil %, is 45～58%；
φmaxFor the suitable soil moisture content upper limit, it is the 85～89% of maximum water-holding capacity；
φminFor suitable soil moisture content lower limit, it is the 65～69% of maximum water-holding capacity；
δ is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.85～0.89；
ω is salinity % in soil, is 0.1～0.6%.
10. the salt methods of cultivation are kept away it is characterised in that meeting irrigation frequency public in a kind of Yellow River irrigation according to claim 1
Formula (2):
T=(q/e) × δ (2)
Q is design irrigating water quota mm；
T is design d irrigation frequency；
E is design water consumption intensity mm/d, is 5-7mm/d；
δ is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.85～0.89.
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