CN106353690B - Utilize the method for Petri network diagnosis lithium battery failure - Google Patents
Utilize the method for Petri network diagnosis lithium battery failure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106353690B CN106353690B CN201610835679.5A CN201610835679A CN106353690B CN 106353690 B CN106353690 B CN 106353690B CN 201610835679 A CN201610835679 A CN 201610835679A CN 106353690 B CN106353690 B CN 106353690B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of lithium battery on-line fault diagnosis methods.Inconsistent diagnosis for electricity between single lithium battery, using the model of Petri net system building fault diagnosis, the fault message for analysis is from external cell voltage, electric current, temperature and system operation time.Lithium battery method for diagnosing faults of the invention carries out considering many factors when fault diagnosis, meanwhile, the speed of operation is diagnosed also than very fast.In the system of various complexity, its efficient advantage is embodied.Because the fault diagnosis model based on petri net can quickly calculate the position of guilty culprit according to its corresponding incidence matrix, then relevant judgment models are called to confirm the generation of failure, it can carry out the working condition for monitoring battery in real time well during battery pack system works in this way, timely the fault message of appearance is handled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium battery fault diagnosises, in particular to utilize the method for Petri network diagnosis lithium battery failure.
Background technique
The energy density of lithium battery is high, power density is big, has extended cycle life, and is suitable as power battery, current many need
It to be all made up of multisection lithium battery series-parallel mode using the occasion of power battery.But lithium battery is to working environment
Requirement it is stringenter, the optimal working condition of battery in order to obtain, it is necessary to which battery management system carries out its state real-time
Monitoring, to guarantee that operating voltage, electric current, temperature and battery with two side terminals are maintained in normal range.If there is exception
Signal, battery management system should be also equipped with the ability of fault diagnosis, timely can identify and debug.Utilize two-stage
State machine realizes the on-line fault diagnosis of lithium battery, and the program is the failure first by the failure of battery module by single battery
Severity be classified, for different grades of failure, system will take different measures.It is utilized simultaneously by different type
The different coded representation of failure, in this way convenient for fault message communication and processor operation.For equal between battery pack
The problem of weighing apparatus, generally by the measurement to monomer battery voltage, and given threshold, inconsistent when voltage are more than certain value
When begin to carry out electric quantity balancing.Another power battery monomer fault diagnosis and method for maintaining are based on to battery cell
The measurement of voltage carries out analysis and former from measurement failure, total cell resistance failure and these three aspects of connection Resistance Fault
Barrier diagnosis, fault location when fault diagnosis result can be repaired with assist trouble.
The existing diagnostic method for being directed to battery cell voltage difference is that whether voltage measurement occur for battery cell
The differentiation and diagnosis of failure, total internal resistance failure and contact resistance failure, the diagnostic result provided is very general, and for battery
The diagnostic result that can be provided is too coarse there is only a threshold value for voltage inconsistent, is relatively specific at offline failure
Reason is not suitable for the requirement of on-line fault diagnosis and processing.For the method for on-line fault diagnosis, the electricity to battery cell is needed
Pressure, temperature, electric current are acquired in real time, it is desirable to be able to provide more specific fault diagnosis result, thus realize failure
Line processing.
When for occurring the inconsistent situation of voltage between battery cell, system need according to the inconsistent degree of voltage and
The operating current of battery, temperature situation of change for needing the state for carrying out electric quantity balancing to judge.Due to cell voltage
Different establish a capital of inconsistent situation occur is because of the inconsistent of electricity, and the reason for causing voltage inconsistent can also be polarization electricity
That presses is inconsistent and the internal resistance of cell inconsistent.Therefore, battery is just provided simply by the measurement to cell voltage to occur
The inconsistent fault diagnosis conclusion of electricity be it is inaccurate, frequently can lead to electric quantity equalizing system in this way and go balanced originally do not need
The battery of weighing apparatus has done idle work and has not said, also affects the equilibrium state of battery in battery pack.
Summary of the invention
Whether it is really to need the state of electric quantity balancing, or be only merely that the problem to be solved in the present invention is to discriminate between and opens
Reinforcing heat dissipation can solve the problems, such as.In order to solve problem above, the present invention proposes a kind of lithium battery on-line fault diagnosis method,
Include N number of battery cell in battery pack, is solved using the model of Petri network building fault diagnosis for electric between single lithium battery
The inconsistent diagnosis of amount, the fault message for analysis is from external cell voltage, electric current, temperature and system operation
Time.
Petri network is made of several library institutes S, transition T, directed arc and Tokken (token)；The library passes through with transition
The directed arc is attached, and according to the directed arc direction, the library is divided into input magazine institute and the transition of the transition
Output library institute；When the possessed Tokken of the input magazine of the transition, then it represents that the transition are allowed to execute.The spy of Petri network
Point is to be capable of handling asynchronous, concurrent signal, description when being suitable for breaking down to system, to the dynamic change of system.When
When for fault diagnosis, library institute S is meant that various states, changes T and is meant that the event so that state change, Tokken contains
Justice is the presence of fault message, is if wherein going out the fault message of present condition, the information described in entire Petri network
It is how to be transmitted between state, to reach another state.The foundation of Petri network is based on the reasoning diagnosed to battery failures
What logic obtained, since bottom state (abnormality that can be separated by sensor regions), by intermediate state, reach final
Failure cause.If the Tokken for describing fault degree information meets transition occurrence condition, Tokken will occur in state
Transfer, the performance in Petri network are that the result needs of the weight between the Tokken number in S is subtracted from S to T are non-negative.For
The incidence matrix D of description Petri network characteristic is exactly to be made of the weight between from S to T and from T to S.
In battery failures diagnostic system, pass through when the failure inconsistent between electricity battery cell diagnoses
Whether the multi-signal that the external acquisition of analysis comes is to be in the state for needing to carry out electric quantity balancing come the state for judging present battery,
Meanwhile it can also be by judging whether the phenomenon that taken measure is to failure has improvement, if do not had after providing diagnostic result
If having improvement to be even degrading, more higher leveled measure will be taken.Then, the Tokken in Petri network can be used to describe difference
The failure of grade, because if fault level is different, failure cause is also likely to be different for identical failure cause
's.It is finally the operation of state matrix as used by the diagnosis algorithm of Petri network, when quantitative analysis for failure will
The time for shortening operation timely provides the implementation that diagnostic result is conducive to control strategy for on-line analysis system.
Before diagnostic system operation, it is necessary first to be constructed according to the working principle of battery and the process of failure
Petri net model, the model are totally divided into three layers: first layer, fault-signal detection layers, it is straight by sensor which is responsible for response
The fault-signal for connecing input, the detection limit for battery management system fault diagnosis system mainly includes following items: voltage, electricity
Stream, temperature, vibration.Therefore fault-signal detection layers can determine the state of 4 inputs, be respectively as follows: the inconsistent degree inspection of voltage
It surveys, charging and discharging currents become larger, temperature is inconsistent, external vibration detection.
The second layer, accident analysis layer, this layer handle the fault-signal of input, by comparing the side of, logical operation
Formula judges reason corresponding to the fault-signal.It is inconsistent when there is voltage for battery management system fault diagnosis system
It when abnormal signal, needs to be classified according to inconsistent degree, it is inconsistent that the inconsistent degree level-one of voltage, voltage can be divided into
Inconsistent these three states of degree three-level of degree second level, voltage, the rule of networking are that three state cannot exist simultaneously, and need to increase
Add the inhibitor arc in Petri network, the interlocking between Lai Jinhang state.The state inconsistent for internal resistance is then due to there is voltage not
Next state that the state of consistent degree level-one is obtained by reasoning from logic.When being only merely the inconsistent shape of internal resistance occur
State can then obtain the state of cell degradation when other detection limit electric currents, temperature, vibration are all normal with reasoning.
Third layer, failure cause layer, this layer are that the conclusion after fault-signal diagnosis is exported.For battery management system
Fault diagnosis system, the conclusion for the fault diagnosis that can occur are inconsistent polarizing voltage, connector failure, cooling system event
The slight short circuit of barrier, inside battery, SOC are inconsistent.The reason of wherein leading to occur polarizing voltage inconsistent failure is due to battery
The case where inconsistent state to become larger with charging and discharging currents of internal resistance occurs, leading to connector failure is since the internal resistance of cell is inconsistent
Occur with exterior vibration it is abnormal caused, cooling system failure be the internal resistance of cell it is inconsistent with temperature it is inconsistent caused by
, the slight short trouble of inside battery be the inconsistent degree second level of voltage and temperature it is inconsistent caused by, SOC is inconsistent
It is caused by the inconsistent degree second level of voltage and cell degradation.
By determining this three layers, so that it may construct the entirely battery failures diagnostic system based on Petri network.
The operating procedure of the diagnostic system are as follows:
(1) fault level is divided according to the requirement of system performance.For the fault-signal of cell voltage, work as monomer
The voltage value of battery and the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage are when within 100mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage
For the first order；It is less than or equal to 500mV when the voltage value of battery and the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage are greater than 100mV
When, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is the second level；When the voltage value of single battery and the average value of battery in battery pack voltage
When difference is more than 500mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is the third level.It is monomer electricity for the fault-signal of battery temperature
The temperature acquired near pond is greater than the temperature value in battery pack at other temperature acquisition points at 1 DEG C or more.Event for electric current
Barrier signal is the current value and the work electricity of the battery pack where the battery that the battery cell is obtained by corresponding sampling resistor
Flow maximum euqalizing current 500mA when difference is greater than electric quantity balancing circuit start.Rule of judgment for abnormal vibration is and deposits
The vibration amplitude of storage compares the normal vibration amplitude range (mm) greater than system condition.In the operational process of battery system, such as
The parameter that fruit is monitored exceeds set threshold value, can be judged as failure signal, examine using the fault-signal as failure
The input In of disconnected system.
(2) the origin identification M of fault diagnosis system operation is determined0.For the state equation M of Petri network system0+ D*U=
M, wherein M0It is the matrix that the Tokken for being included is constituted, table by library whole in system under initial state for the mark of starting
The original state of bright system；U is to enable to M0To the transition sequence of M, show that system have passed through those in the process of running
Transition, are also possible to single step transition (T)；M is result mark, shows the system state achieved after transition；D is Petri
The incidence matrix of net is the intrinsic parameter of Petri network.When the input In of fault diagnosis system is not zero, fault diagnosis
Program brings into operation.Firstly, input In is assigned to M0, as origin identification.Then, if other libraries are all free of in system
There is Tokken (showing in other states without failure information), then enters (3) step；If existing in system and containing Tokken
Library institute (shows the information that breaks down in other states), then according to M0'=M0+ M, by original status indicator M and M0Form newly defeated
Enter status indicator M0', into (3) step.
(3) system is by initial marking input state equation M0+ D*U=M calculate Petri network in between it only pass through a step
The status indicator that can be reached is changed, into (4) step；If it is there is no the mark of transition in next step or according to calculating
State equation calculates the mark (explanation is unsatisfactory for the condition that transition occur) for being still equal to input originally, then goes to (6) step.
(4) U according to determined by previous step (due to an only step, so U is T) judges that the generation of transition T therein is no
Rationally.The method specifically judged is as follows.Judgement for battery polarization voltage consistency is the single order capacitance-resistance model according to battery
The polarizing voltage formula U of available batteryp(t)=Up(0)e-t/τ+IRp(1-e-t/τ), U in formulapIt (t) is the polarization in t moment
The size of voltage, τ=CpRpFor battery polarization capacitor CpWith battery polarization internal resistance RpProduct, I is operating current.By will be electric
The result for judging operation can be obtained compared with the value of system in the value of pond monomer actual measurement.For battery SOH state, (battery is old
Change degree) judgement of consistency realized by look-up table, because the state of battery SOH becomes during single work
Change little.The used model of influence for battery temperature to its capacity is C=C25* (1-a* (25-T)), wherein C is in temperature
The capacity (Ah) of battery when for T；C25For the capacity (Ah) of the battery at 25 DEG C；α is temperature correlation coefficient, and unit is Ah/ DEG C, it
It is an empirical data；T is Current Temperatures.Judgement for SOC state be the result that is calculated using current integration method come
It realizes, formula are as follows:
Wherein SOCtFor the state of the SOC of t moment, η1For the Coulomb efficiency of battery, 1, η is usually taken2For filling for battery
Discharging efficiency is obtained by consulting battery parameter.The inconsistent judgement of internal resistance total for battery is to measure failure by removal system
Mode determine that specific practice is exactly the history checked oneself and compare voltage and electric current in data collection system by system
The mode of parameter, judges whether data acquisition circuit breaks down, if inspection result is judged as normally, confirms battery system
There is the inconsistent failure of internal resistance, is not due to caused by the failure of detection system.For cooling system failure judgement then
It is the parameter under the running parameter (voltage, revolving speed, air pressure) and normal condition by comparing cooling system under current state.It is above-mentioned
Judgment method be need to be determined according to T using it is therein which kind of, be not that each will be used under current procedures.If
T is identified generation rationally, then corresponding library institute S will assign respective numbers according to the delivery value in set Petri network
Tokken, into (5) step.Occur unreasonable, then not assignment, retains original system banner, be transferred to (6) step.
(5) status indicator of system is updated, goes back to (3) step
(6) it is exported obtained status indicator as fault diagnosis result.
A method of lithium battery failure is diagnosed using Petri network, comprising the following steps:
One, the foundation of the battery failures diagnostic model based on Petri network
Before diagnostic system operation, it is necessary first to be constructed according to the working principle of battery and the process of failure
Petri net model, the model are totally divided into three layers: fault-signal detection layers, it is defeated by sensor that response is responsible in the library of this layer
The fault-signal entered；Accident analysis layer, the library of this layer the fault-signal of input is handled, by comparing, logical operation
Mode judge reason corresponding to the fault-signal；Failure cause layer, carried out by the library of this layer for fault-signal diagnosis after
Conclusion output.Library institute S in Petri network system is used to constitute the various states in above-mentioned three layers.Transition in Petri network system
T is the event for enabling to state to change, and the condition being activated is token included in all library institutes of input terminal
Number is greater than the weight between them.Then the transition having activated are after rational judgement, it will to its subsequent library
Assigned token, quantity depend on weight between the two.Token (token) in Petri network system is then for indicating failure
The presence of information and the expression of fault degree.
Two, the fault level of battery is divided
For the fault-signal of cell voltage, when the voltage value of single battery and the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage
For value when within 100mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is the first order；When the voltage value and battery in battery pack voltage of battery
Average value difference be greater than 100mV be less than or equal to 500mV when, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage be the second level；Work as single battery
Voltage value and the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage when being more than 500mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is third
Grade；The fault-signal of battery temperature is that the temperature acquired near single battery is greater than in battery pack at other temperature acquisition points
Temperature value is at 1 DEG C or more；Current value that failure of the current signal, which is corresponding battery cell, to be obtained by corresponding sampling resistor and
The operating current difference of battery pack where the battery cell is greater than maximum euqalizing current when electric quantity balancing circuit start
500mA；The Rule of judgment of abnormal vibration is the normal vibration amplitude range for being greater than system condition compared with the vibration amplitude of storage
(mm)；Using the above fault-signal as the input In of method for diagnosing faults；
Three, the origin identification of Petri network is determined
State equation for analyzing Petri network system is M0+ D*U=M, wherein M0It is by starting shape for the mark of starting
The row matrix that the token number that library each in system is included under state is constituted shows the original state of system；U is to enable to
M0To the transition sequence of M, show system in the process of running and have passed through those transition, is also possible to single step transition (T)；M is
As a result it identifies, shows the system state achieved into after changing excessively；D is the incidence matrix of Petri network, is that Petri network is intrinsic
Parameter, by library to transition or be transitted towards library weight constitute.Ms institute in the institute of each library in zero input for Petri network
The row matrix that the token number for including is constituted shows original state when zero input of system.
Input: when failure signal In, by corresponding library is carried out in fault-signal detection layers in Petri network
Assignment, the library for the signal that do not break down token number keep 0 constant, the library institute of failure signal, according to the tight of failure
Weight degree assigns token number: the first order assigns 1, and the second level assigns 2 ... and so on.It, will be in each library institute after assignment
The row matrix that the token number for including is constituted is denoted as MIn。
Output: the origin identification M of Petri network0=MIn+Ms.Into the 4th step.
Four, the system mode mark M reached after a step transition is calculatedn
M will be identifiedn-1(initial value M0) substitute into state equation Mn-1+ D*U=MnIn, calculate Petri network in between it only
The status indicator that can be reached by a step transition, into the 5th step.Specific algorithm is first to form whole transition
Unit matrix be assigned to U, the matrix using included in Petri network transition quantity as line number, library institute's quantity be columns.Then square is taken
Every a line and M in battle array (D*U)n-1It is added, the row matrix that wherein result does not contain negative is taken to be denoted as Mn(i), i is corresponding row
Number.Next judge whether the generation for changing i is reasonable, and the method for judgement is exactly that measured parameter is updated to the event of transition
In function, verify whether the event occurs really.Finally, Mn=∑Reasonable transition iMn(i).If status indicator MnIn only failure
Token number or M contained by the library of reason layern-1=Mn(explanation is unsatisfactory for the condition that transition occur), then go to the 6th step, otherwise
Into the 5th step.
Five, obtained system mode is identified as new input
The serial number n of system mode mark adds 1, n=n+1, is then return to the 4th step.
Six, according to MnExport fault diagnosis result
The status indicator M that will be obtainednIn the be used as failure in the library for belonging to failure cause layer containing token number the reason of it is defeated
Out.
Further, the whether reasonable method of generation for judging to change in step 4 specifically: for battery polarization
The judgement of voltage consistency is the polarizing voltage formula U according to the available battery of single order capacitance-resistance model of batteryp(t)=Up(0)
e-t/τ+IRp(1-e-t/τ), U in formulap(t) be the polarizing voltage in t moment size, τ=CpRpFor battery polarization capacitor CpWith electricity
Pond polarization resistance RpProduct, I is operating current.It is compared, can be obtained with the value of system by the value for surveying battery cell
To the result for judging operation.Judgement for battery SOH state (cell degradation degree) consistency is realized by look-up table
, because the state change of battery SOH is little during single work.Influence for battery temperature to its capacity is adopted
It is C=C with model25* (1-a* (25-T)), wherein C is the capacity (Ah) of the battery when temperature is T；C25For the battery at 25 DEG C
Capacity (Ah)；α is temperature correlation coefficient, and unit is Ah/ DEG C, it is an empirical data；T is Current Temperatures.For SOC shape
The judgement of state is the result that is calculated using current integration method to realize, formula are as follows:
Wherein SOCtFor the state of the SOC of t moment, η1For the Coulomb efficiency of battery, 1, η is usually taken2For filling for battery
Discharging efficiency is obtained by consulting battery parameter.The inconsistent judgement of internal resistance total for battery is to measure failure by removal system
Mode determine that specific practice is exactly the history checked oneself and compare voltage and electric current in data collection system by system
The mode of parameter, judges whether data acquisition circuit breaks down, if inspection result is judged as normally, confirms battery system
There is the inconsistent failure of internal resistance, is not due to caused by the failure of detection system.For cooling system failure judgement then
It is the parameter under the running parameter (voltage, revolving speed, air pressure) and normal condition by comparing cooling system under current state.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 lithium battery fault diagnosis system operational flow diagram
Fig. 2 lithium battery fault diagnosis Petri net model
Specific embodiment
Method for diagnosing faults in the present invention be by the information such as the voltage, electric current and temperature that acquire lithium battery in real time come
Whether lithium battery occurs failure to be treated at this time for judgement, in case of failure, it will some treatment measures are taken, such as
Electric quantity balancing circuit is opened, the effect of cooling system is increased or reduces the power of input/output, while being also continued to battery
State is monitored, and observes and records the treatment effect to failure.Failure will be analyzed again when fault level rises to produce
Raw reason, and take further processing to act, such as prompt to staff's dependent failure.When fault level to the superlative degree
When will starting protection system, prevent failure from further deteriorating.And when improving situation to normal condition, it will stop
The treatment measures taken before only, meanwhile, the fault message of system and the treatment measures taken also can be stored, into
One step improves the efficiency of lithium battery fault diagnosis system, and the fault diagnosis model to establish more perfect makes reference.Due to herein
Designed Petri network fault diagnosis system is the system of a reaction equation, the program operation of fault diagnosis part in main control MCU
Flow chart is as shown in Figure 1.Since the characteristics of system is that system can just be called when only occurring input signal, normal shape
It will not be called under state, therefore use this method of operation.When having input signal, system can be according to Petri
Pessimistic concurrency control finds corresponding failure cause.
The specific implementation step of the method for the present invention is as follows:
Step 1: Petri net model is constructed according to the working principle of lithium battery and the process of failure.
In the present embodiment, according to the established Petri network of diagnostic reasoning logic of lithium battery failure as shown in Fig. 2, wherein library
And transition meaning it is as shown in table 1.The real work of lithium battery needs the parameter monitored to have voltage, electric current, temperature, vibration,
If occurring abnormal signal in them, for needing corresponding library in the Petri network of fault diagnosis to indicate
The appearance of abnormal signal.Therefore, Petri network is constituted as library institute S1, S7, S8, the S10 directly responded to abnormal signal
Fault-signal detection layers.The mode of specific assignment is shown in step 2.Library institute S2, S3, S4, S11 constitute accident analysis layer, they
It is intermediate state when fault-signal is propagated in Petri network.Library institute S5, S6, S9, S12, S13, S14 constitute failure cause
Layer is responsible for the result of output fault diagnosis.T1~T10 be enable to library in the judgement event that changes of token.
In 1 Petri network of table library and transition meaning
Step 2: the fault level of battery is divided
For the fault-signal of cell voltage, when the voltage value of single battery and the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage
For value when within 100mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is the first order, and S1 obtains a token；When battery voltage value with
When the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage is greater than 100mV and is less than or equal to 500mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is the
Second level, S1 obtain two tokens；When the voltage value of single battery and the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage are more than 500mV
When, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is the third level, and S1 obtains three tokens；The temperature acquired near single battery is greater than electricity
For temperature value in the group of pond at other temperature acquisition points at 1 DEG C or more, S10 obtains a token；The corresponding electric current of battery cell is adopted
The current value obtained at sample resistance is greater than maximum balanced electricity when electric quantity balancing circuit start with the operating current difference of battery pack
When flowing 500mA, S7 obtains a token；The Rule of judgment of abnormal vibration is to be greater than system condition compared with the vibration amplitude of storage
Normal vibration amplitude range (mm), S8 obtain a token.In this way when abnormal signal occurs in battery parameter, Petri network system
Library in the fault-signal detection layers of system just obtains token.To which fault diagnosis system is started to work.
Step 3: the origin identification M of Petri network is determined0
M0By Ms and MInComposition.Original state when Ms is zero input of system, it is unrelated with input.When fault-signal detects
When obtaining token in the library institute of layer, MInThe variation for obtaining analog value, to update M0Value.Enter step four.
Step 4: the system mode mark M reached after a step transition is calculatedn
In the present embodiment, for state equation Mn-1+ D*U=Mn, the unit matrix that available U is 10 × 10, D is as follows
It is shown.
*Do not occur for transition
Then M is solvednIf status indicator MnIn only failure cause layer library contained by token number or Mn-1=Mn
(explanation is unsatisfactory for the condition that transition occur), then go to step 6, otherwise enter step five.
Step 5: the serial number n of system mode mark adds 1, n=n+1, is then return to step 4.
Step 6: the status indicator M that will be obtainednIn the be used as failure in library for belonging to failure cause layer containing token number
Reason output.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method using Petri network diagnosis lithium battery failure, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
One, Petri net model is constructed according to the working principle of lithium battery and the process of failure:
Before diagnostic system operation, Petri net model is constructed according to the working principle of battery and the process of failure first,
The model is divided into three layers: the fault-signal that response is inputted by sensor is responsible in fault-signal detection layers, the library of this layer；Failure
Analysis layer, the library of this layer the fault-signal of input is handled, judge that the failure is believed by comparing the mode of, logical operation
Reason corresponding to number；Failure cause layer exports the conclusion after fault-signal diagnosis carried out by the library of this layer；Petri network mould
Library institute S in type is used to constitute the various states in above-mentioned three layers, and the transition T in Petri network system is that state is enabled to send out
The raw event changed, the condition being activated are greater than library institute and transition T for token number included in all library institutes of input terminal
Between weight；Then the transition T having activated is after rational judgement, it will assigns order to its subsequent library
Board, quantity depend on weight between the two；Token in Petri network system then is used to indicate the presence and event of fault message
Barrier degree；
First layer, fault-signal detection layers, this layer is responsible for the fault-signal that response is directly inputted by sensor, for cell tube
The detection limit for managing system fault diagnosis system includes following items: voltage, electric current, temperature, vibration；Therefore fault-signal detection layers
The state that can determine 4 inputs, is respectively as follows: the inconsistent degree detecting of voltage, charging and discharging currents become larger, temperature is inconsistent, outer
Portion's shock detection；
The second layer, accident analysis layer, this layer handle the fault-signal of input, sentence by comparing the mode of, logical operation
Break reason corresponding to the fault-signal；When there is the inconsistent abnormal signal of voltage, divided according to inconsistent degree
Grade, is divided into the inconsistent degree level-one of voltage, the inconsistent degree second level of voltage, inconsistent these three states of degree three-level of voltage, builds
The rule of net is that three state cannot exist simultaneously, and needs to increase the inhibitor arc in Petri network, the interlocking between Lai Jinhang state；It is right
In the inconsistent state of internal resistance be then obtain due to there is the state of the inconsistent degree level-one of voltage by reasoning from logic it is next
A state；When being only merely the inconsistent state of internal resistance occur, when other detection limit electric currents, temperature, vibration are all normal
It waits, then can obtain the state of cell degradation with reasoning；
Third layer, failure cause layer, this layer are that the conclusion after fault-signal diagnosis is exported；Diagnosing the conclusion to break down is
Polarizing voltage is inconsistent, connector failure, cooling system failure, slightly short circuit, SOC are inconsistent for inside battery；Wherein cause
The reason of existing polarizing voltage inconsistent failure is to become larger since the internal resistance of cell is inconsistent with charging and discharging currents, leads to connector failure
It is exception occur with exterior vibration since the internal resistance of cell is inconsistent, cooling system failure is since the internal resistance of cell is inconsistent and temperature
It is inconsistent caused by, the slight short trouble of inside battery be the inconsistent degree second level of voltage and temperature it is inconsistent caused by
, SOC inconsistent is caused by the inconsistent degree second level of voltage and cell degradation；
Two, the fault level of battery is divided:
Fault level is divided according to the requirement of system performance；For the fault-signal of cell voltage, when single battery
For the average value difference of voltage value and battery in battery pack voltage when within 100mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is first
Grade；When the average value difference of the voltage value of battery and battery in battery pack voltage, which is greater than 100mV, is less than or equal to 500mV, battery
The inconsistent degree of voltage is the second level；When the voltage value of single battery and the average value difference of battery in battery pack voltage are more than
When 500mV, the inconsistent degree of cell voltage is the third level；It is near single battery for the fault-signal of battery temperature
The temperature of acquisition is greater than the temperature value in battery pack at other temperature acquisition points at 1 DEG C or more；It is for failure of the current signal
The current value that the battery cell is obtained by corresponding sampling resistor and the operating current difference of the battery pack where the battery are big
Maximum euqalizing current 500mA when electric quantity balancing circuit start；For the vibration that the abnormal Rule of judgment of vibration is with storage
Amplitude compares the normal vibration amplitude range greater than system condition；In the operational process of battery system, if the ginseng monitored
Number exceeds set threshold value, can be judged as failure signal, using the fault-signal as the input of fault diagnosis system
In；
Three, the origin identification M of fault diagnosis system operation is determined0:
For the state equation M of Petri network system0+ D*U=M, wherein origin identification M0Be by under initial state in system all
The matrix that is constituted of the library Tokken that is included, show the original state of system；U is to enable to M0To the transition sequence of M, table
Which transition is bright system have passed through in the process of running, is also possible to single step transition T；M is result mark, is shown by transition
System state achieved afterwards；D is the incidence matrix of Petri network, is the intrinsic parameter of Petri network；When fault diagnosis system
When input In is not zero, fault diagnostic program brings into operation；Firstly, origin identification M can be assigned to input In0；Then, such as
Other libraries all do not contain Tokken in fruit system, that is, show then to enter step four without failure information in other states；
If there is the library institute containing Tokken in system, that is, show the information that breaks down in other states, then according to M0'=M0+ M, will be former
Stateful mark M and M0Form new input state mark M0', input M0', to update M0Value, enter step four；
Four, the system mode mark M reached after a step transition is calculatedn:
The origin identification M that system will be obtained by third step0Input state equation M0+ D*U=M is calculated in Petri network and between it
The status indicator that can be only reached by a step transition, enters step five；If it is there is no in next step transition mark or
Person calculates the mark for being still equal to and inputting originally according to state equation is calculated, i.e., explanation is unsatisfactory for the condition that transition occur, then turns
To step 7；
Five, reasonability judgement occurs for transition:
The U according to determined by previous step, so U is T, judges that the generation of transition T therein is no rationally due to an only step；Tool
The method of body judgement is as follows: the judgement for battery polarization voltage consistency is available according to the single order capacitance-resistance model of battery
The polarizing voltage formula U of batteryp(t)=Up(0)e-t/τ+IRp(1-e-t/τ), U in formulapIt (t) is the big of the polarizing voltage in t moment
It is small, τ=CpRpFor battery polarization capacitor CpWith battery polarization internal resistance RpProduct, I is operating current；By the way that battery cell is real
The result for judging operation can be obtained compared with the value of system in the value of survey；For battery SOH state, i.e. cell degradation degree,
The judgement of consistency is realized by look-up table, because the state change of battery SOH is little during single work；
The used model of influence for battery temperature to its capacity is C=C25* (1-a* (25-Tem)), it is Tem that wherein C, which is in temperature,
When battery capacity；C25For the capacity of the battery at 25 DEG C；A is temperature correlation coefficient, and unit is Ah/ DEG C, it is an experience
Data；Tem is Current Temperatures；Judgement for SOC state is the result that is calculated using current integration method to realize, formula
Are as follows:
Wherein SOCtFor the state of the SOC of t moment, η1For the Coulomb efficiency of battery, 1, η is usually taken2For the charge and discharge of battery
Efficiency is obtained by consulting battery parameter；The inconsistent judgement of internal resistance total for battery is the side that failure is measured by removal system
Formula determines that specific practice is exactly the history parameters checked oneself and compare voltage and electric current in data collection system by system
Mode, judge whether data acquisition circuit breaks down, if inspection result is judged as normally, confirm battery system occur
The inconsistent failure of internal resistance, is not due to caused by the failure of detection system；Judgement for cooling system failure is then logical
Cross the parameter value compared under the voltage of cooling system under current state, revolving speed, pressure work parameter and normal condition；Above-mentioned sentences
Disconnected method need to be determined according to transition T using it is therein which kind of, be not that each will be used under current procedures；If become
It moves T and is identified generation rationally, then corresponding library institute S will assign respective numbers according to the delivery value in set Petri network
Tokken, enter step six；If the generation for changing T is unreasonable, assignment, does not retain original system banner, is transferred to step
Seven；
Six, the status indicator of system is updated, goes back to step 4；
Seven, it is exported obtained status indicator as fault diagnosis result.
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