CN1063527A - High enegry gas fracturing process and control device - Google Patents

High enegry gas fracturing process and control device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1063527A
CN1063527A CN 91100196 CN91100196A CN1063527A CN 1063527 A CN1063527 A CN 1063527A CN 91100196 CN91100196 CN 91100196 CN 91100196 A CN91100196 A CN 91100196A CN 1063527 A CN1063527 A CN 1063527A
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pressure
well
packer
pin
hole
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CN 91100196
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王毓贤
张世勇
李国诚
曹继明
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SHIYOUGOU OIL MINE OF YUMEN PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATION BUREAU
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SHIYOUGOU OIL MINE OF YUMEN PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATION BUREAU
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Priority to CN 91100196 priority Critical patent/CN1063527A/en
Publication of CN1063527A publication Critical patent/CN1063527A/en
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of employing power propellant (propellant powder) and cased well is implemented the reservoir reconstruction process method and the control device thereof of pressure break.Utilize long, the controlled characteristics of the rate of rise of its surge pressure height, action time, implement pressure break with the pressure of 100MPa.And supporting design has ignition well mouth manipulator, snubber, balance recover equal controller, guarantee pressure break enforcement with the tubular column structure of uniqueness, the surge pressure that has overcome existing fracturing process is low, the rate of rise is slow, and defective and deficiencies such as use equipment is many, expense height.

Description

High enegry gas fracturing process and control device
The present invention relates to a kind of employing power propellant (propellant powder) and cased well is implemented the process and the control device thereof of the oil formation improvement of pressure break.
Current in oil recovery process, to the fracturing method that oil formation improvement is used, be a kind of controlled fracturing process, be the most ripe, effective at present, also be most widely used fracturing process.But the fracturing fluid that the fracturing method adopts pollutes oil reservoirs easily, and the equipment that is used for pressing crack construction is huge, needs roomy construction plant, expense also relatively more expensive.In addition, fracturing is slow because of the restriction pumping rate that is subjected to pumping into discharge capacity, the low and big factors influence of hydraulic loss of surge pressure, can only in oil reservoirs, set up one with the perpendicular double-vane crack of rock minimum stress, be difficult for intersecting with the oil reservoirs intrinsic fracture, pressure break is very limited at the flow conductivity of near wellbore zone.Once the proof explosive charge fracturing process of using, because its action time short (in the microsecond level), and pressure peak is very high, can only cutting-down, nearly well annular area forms zone of fracture outside sleeve pipe, the oil resistance stream that stagnates, and oil well casing had badly damaged property and be eliminated.
High enegry gas fracturing process of the present invention and control device, purpose are to overcome above-mentioned existing fracturing process and give and to pollute and to destroy around reservoir, pit shaft and the nearly well and use equipment is many, cost is high, and unfavorable defective of fracturing effect and deficiency.
The present invention adopts propellant to produce high energy gas and set up controlled pumping rate and surge pressure carries out the process of pressure break in the burning of reservoir position.The present invention is to use Pressure breaking bullet and down-hole control device (the down-hole part of the control device) lower going-into-well that oil pipe will be equipped with propellant to go into the reservoir position.And shutoff underground fracture action space and oil pipe and sleeve pipe, by the mechanical hand control igniting of lighting a fire of the well head in the control device.The chemical energy that Pressure breaking bullet discharges after lighting under slave mode is as the pressure break energy, adopts surge pressure and its rate of rise of the high energy gas that the principle homogenizing of the orifice plate throttling of band shutoff preformed hole shell case produced.High energy gas promotes liquid or the gas in the pit shaft, to act on processed oil reservoir position and its rock stratum, near wellbore zone to the pressure more than tens times for big several times than fracturing method.This energy has substantially exceeded primary fracture in the reservoir rock Put the elastic stress of speed and rock, and action time is longer, makes the rock crack initiation produce many new radial cracks.Thereby link up oily discharge orifice road effectively and remove the reservoir obstruction, improve the permeability of oil reservoir, reach the crack that increases oil well output or increase the purpose of water injection well water injection rate, process pressure break effect of the present invention formation, owing to loading, causes high-voltage pulse, this pulse loads not only there is expansion in the rock rock, and can produce and shear dislocation, make the surperficial rough and uneven in surface mutual support of crack rock, so though with proppant and the crack is difficult for closure.During process pressure break of the present invention, the surge pressure of generation is far smaller than the explosive fracturing method, and action time is than for long.And the rate of rise is come significantly balanced than itself and fracturing.Because of the burning of high energy gas from propellant, thereby make the rate of rise be subjected to the control of Pressure breaking bullet self structure, its specific acoustic impedance has only several one thousandths of the specific acoustic impedance of water simultaneously, makes the pressure of the inside and outside wall of sleeve pipe reach balance quickly, and sleeve pipe is damaged.Near wellbore zone rock pressure break and not broken damage.
Fig. 1. high enegry gas fracturing process flow process
Fig. 2. high enegry gas fracturing process schematic diagram
Fig. 3. high enegry gas fracturing igniting well head robot manipulator structure schematic diagram
Fig. 4. high enegry gas fracturing buffer structure schematic diagram
Fig. 5. high enegry gas fracturing balance recover structural representation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing describe process of the present invention and control device in detail, such as Fig. 1, high enegry gas fracturing process flow process. At first play the oil extraction pump in the producing well, use the instrument well logging to check that sleeve pipe working condition → cleaning pit shaft prepares the enforcement pressure break → down-hole part of control device is comprised buffer, testing arrangement, balance recover and Pressure breaking bullet, packer is with in the oil pipe column lower going-into-well, and connect wellhead assembly and the manipulator → direct circulation of igniting well head makes sleeve pipe fill with water, the pressure of spraining, start packer packing every wanting the suffered pressure of pressure break oil reservoir → when squeezing into pressure with the above partial open of balance packing from oil pipe → starting ignition bank head machinery hand, the point of release lighted torch is opened simultaneously and is tripped out tubing string and downhole control → well logging after two-way monitor → pressure break is finished and check when sleeve pipe operating mode → well-flushing is removed pressure break in the well that liquid → lower oil-extracting pump and oil pipe drop into to recover the oil and can carry out effect observation after producing → going into operation.
Such as Fig. 2, high enegry gas fracturing process schematic diagram. Wellhead flange 14 upper ends connect gate 13 and igniting manipulator 11. Igniting manipulator 11 1 side connectors connect ball-and-seat 2 and cementing truck 1. The high pressure gate place of wellhead casing pipe is provided with two-way monitor 8. Be provided with packer 3 between oil pipe 12 in the lower going-into-well and the sleeve pipe 9. Buffer 4, Pressure breaking bullet 5, testing arrangement 6 and balance recover 7 are linked in sequence in wish pressure break reservoir 10 place's oil pipes 12 lower ends.
As Fig. 3, high enegry gas fracturing igniting well head robot manipulator structure schematic diagram.The cylindrical of housing 39 is provided with three reinforcement boss, is provided with the fire rod controlling organization in a side of three boss cylindricals.Convex platform is connected with support bar 26, and lower convex platform connects the backstay 36 that has alignment pin 35.Have through hole and connect supporting positive cover 29 and sealing ring 30 at middle boss.Opposite side at the lower convex platform cylindrical has through hole and is provided with joint 38.Top at igniting manipulator housing 39 is connected with cap 21, and its throat is connected with the emptying pressure regulator valve.The emptying pressure regulator valve connects pressure spring 24 by the regulator bolts in valve body 22 and the interior bone thereof 23 and steel ball 25 constitutes.The bottom of valve is provided with the taper hole that is communicated with the valve centre bore.Emptying pressure regulator valve in housing 39 throats has fire rod 41, its upper end is awl lance and corresponding with the taper hole of emptying pressure regulator valve lower surface, there is a pin-and-hole 43 corresponding with stub 31 its middle and upper part, its middle and lower part is provided with the guide pad 40 of right-angled intersection, quantity is more than two groups, and its lower end is provided with impact pad 42.Fire rod 41 is sold locks in housing 39 chambeies by stub 31.The other end of the support bar 26 of some fire preparing mechanism is provided with open slot 27 and by an end of pin 28 hinge starting handles 37.One end of stub 31 inserts the pin-and-hole 43 that supporting positive cover 29 and pin are gone into fire rod 41, and its other end is by pin 32 piece 33 that is articulated and connected, and the other end of contiguous block 33 is by pin 34 hinged starting handles 37, and pin 34 can slippage in the deep-slotted chip breaker on the starting handle 37.35 pairs of starting handles of alignment pin, 37 location.Empty frame is starting handle 37 enable positions.
As Fig. 4, the buffer structure schematic diagram.Be socketed with top connection 50, spring 51, spring base 53 and buffering rubber tube 54 in the housing 52 of snubber 4 from top to bottom in proper order, its lower end connects packing box 55, and packing box 55 outer socket top caps 58 are equipped with packing 56 in the clamping sleeve 57 of its end.Central tube 59 passes top cap 58, packing 56, packing box 55, buffering rubber tube 54 is connected with spring base 53, and with the centre bore coaxial communication of top connection 50, there is screw thread its lower end.
As Fig. 5, balance recover structural representation.The top connection 60 of balance recover 7 is connected with center-pole 62 with righting rod 61, the other end of righting rod 61 and 64 suitable for reading connections of fishing socket, and be set with the leather cup 63 that mouth makes progress in this junction.Fishing socket 64 lower ends are connected with lower contact 66, and the other end of center-pole 62 is connected with fishing socket 64 bottoms.Fishing socket 64 ring walls are provided with several holes 65.Righting rod 61 be three uniform.Be provided with screw thread in the top connection 60 and be provided with fabrication hole in cylindrical.
Its characteristics of process of the present invention are determining of required surge pressure of pressure break and pumping rate.Be that mainly pressure break realizes with the calculating of propellant dose W and its packing SPACE V of living in (being that the medicine chamber is than W/V).
The peak-peak pressure P mCalculating: selected peak-peak pressure will with shutoff with the equilibrium pressure on top and the wellhead assembly load is corresponding and safety factor must be more than or equal to 1.2(K 〉=1.2).The maximum load P that shutoff is born with top is total:
P is total=F+G+W+F 0+ F 1(unit: ton)
In the formula: F-sleeve pipe antiskid button power
G-whole tubing string weight of going into the well
Liquid weight in the above pit shaft of W-shutoff.
(W=(π)/4 hT (D 2-( )) the .h-packer degree of depth.
The D-casing diameter, d-tubing string external diameter
d 1-tubing string internal diameter)
F 0-packer and sleeve friction power
F 1-hydraulic anchor snap-in force.(can be not counted in when not establishing hydraulic anchor)
Pressure break is done the time spent, and the surge pressure of generation is to the last top power P of packer with top The topShould be: P The top=P m(π)/4 (D 2-d 2)=P mS
In the formula: P mSurge pressure during-pressure break
The D-casing inner diameter, d-oil pipe external diameter
The S-lifting surface area
Because the surge pressure during pressure break produces active force P upwards The topShould less than, equal shutoff and can make just with the maximum load on top that shutoff space pressure up and down tends to balance in the pit shaft, construction safely and reliably.So P Always〉=KP The top=KP mS, that is:
P m≤ (P Always)/(KS)
In the formula: the K-safety factor.The S-lifting surface area.
Thereby can in implementing the technical data of oil well of process of the present invention, needs determine needed surge pressure P mFor sleeve pipe not being damaged in implementing fracturing process and realizing fully the pressure break on pressure break stratum is worked as P m≤ 100MP aThe time, the medicine chamber should be than M: M=(W)/(V)≤0.010.Because along with the variation that well depth increases, liquid increases the static pressure of Pressure breaking bullet, the medicine chamber should reduce could guarantee surge pressure P than M thereupon mBe controlled in the 100MPa scope, that is: M=(Wh)/(1000V)
In the formula: h-pressure break well depth, W-dose
V-pressure break action space, M-medicine chamber ratio.
The shutoff space, down-hole that process of the present invention is set mainly adopts two kinds of method for blocking to obtain.Get deep-well more than 1500 meters according to the well depth and the needs fractured layer position depth unusual, with packer shutoff oil pipe and casing space, and at the method for blocking of well head adapted pressure limiting valve.1500 meters with interior shallow well, middle-deep well based on the packer shutoff, twin packer can be set, on packer, can set the level pressure valve, or below packer, set hydraulic anchor, or match simultaneously above-mentioned both.Above packer, be equipped with the hydrophthalmia pipe nipple.The tubular column structure of above-mentioned method for blocking and formation thereof can guarantee process of the present invention at 100MPa surge pressure, medicine chamber than being to make down-hole string and wellhead assembly not be subjected to breakage under 0.010 the pressure break condition.And make plugged zone that reliable isolation guarantee be arranged up and down, make the seal-off pressure circulating system of well head remain normal operating conditions.
The Pressure breaking bullet of process of the present invention is furnished with two kinds of situations: empty cloth bullet method, this method is to reserve 20~30 meters air chamber at the top in Pressure breaking bullet shutoff of living in space by gaslift or discharge opeing, sleeve pipe method such as do not pour water, the feature of utilizing volume of air can be compressed expansion forms repeatedly impulse action repeatedly, form property negative pressure at interval at the reservoir position, make reservoir under suction function, remove oil layer blocking.This method is applicable to that shallow-layer, hyposmosis cased well, fine and close oil reservoir open hole well and oil layer pollution stop up serious oil well.Fully fluid-filled cloth bullet method, this cloth bullet method are that Pressure breaking bullet shutoff of living in space is full of liquid, and Pressure breaking bullet is dipped among the liquid.The high energy gas that utilizes the Pressure breaking bullet burning to discharge promotes the interior liquid effects of pit shaft in fractured layer.This cloth bullet method is applicable to deep-well or shale content height, hard, the obsolete cased well in crack of rock densification.
The ignition method of process of the present invention, thereby stub 31 is extracted from the pin-and-hole 43 of fire rod 41 for igniting well head manipulator spurs starting handle 37 laterally in well head control igniting, fire rod 41 freely falls from well head, the triggering igniting mounted point combustion Pressure breaking bullet of fire rod 41 bump Pressure breaking bullets.Igniting can be carried out under airtight cycle of higher pressure condition.
The snubber of control device of the present invention is connected the tubing string lower end.When the underground fracture bullet produces pressure, its stressed back since buffering rubber tube and spring be provided with that flexible can slow down that the Pressure breaking bullet that is connected thereunder directly acts on tubing string so that the pressure of well head, avoid tubing string and well head to suffer strenuous vibration and rush to summit and damage.
The balance recover of control device of the present invention is connected down-hole string bottom; because resembling a hanging basket, its shape make down-hole string produce a pulling force as the time spent at pressure; can prevent effectively that tubing string and above-mentioned down-hole control device from acutely rocking in suspension status; Pressure breaking bullet is being burnt than under the stable state, reduce on the pressure top effect protection tubing string and wellhead assembly simultaneously and be without prejudice.It can also reclaim remaining shell hole plug and other impurity in Pressure breaking bullet burning back, reduces the down-hole and pollutes.
Embodiment: at first determine required pressure break oil reservoir position by technological process when implementing process of the present invention, thereby determine the medicine chamber than and peak-peak pressure, finish well logging and cleaning pit shaft, do the pressing crack construction preparation.Connect the down-hole control device that comprises snubber, balance recover and Pressure breaking bullet, testing arrangement and be connected with tubing string.The appropriate location of tubing string connects packer and other and sets equipment such as hydrophthalmia pipe nipple, level pressure valve, hydraulic anchor etc. in lower going-into-well.At last in well head tie point fire manipulator.Make whole pit shaft sealing.Open wide sleeve gate, cementing truck turn on pump, direct circulation makes sleeve pipe fill water, closes sleeve gate then and sprains and be depressed into 10~12MP aMake packer setting.Accomplish fluently equilibrium pressure P simultaneously with protection above part oil pipe of shutoff and wellhead assembly.Spur starting handle point of release lighted torch laterally, thereby the effect that the Pressure breaking bullet that ignites makes propellant combustion discharge high energy gases and liquid by the down-hole or gas realizes the purpose of pressure break.When pressure break, also pressure break is detected by the testing arrangement of down-hole and the monitor of well head.
The advantage of process of the present invention is: 1) crack of pressure break formation is not subjected to the impact of in-situ stress, can form each orientation radial fissure, increases the flow conductivity of near wellbore zone; 2) energy release process is controlled; 3) carbon dioxide that produces of propellant combustion can not pollute reservoir, 4) to set up multi-faceted radial fissure be horizontal direction, and vertically Extend little; 5) high-pressure section is not born on ground, and it is safer to construct; 6) the activity duration weak point does not need bulky equipment, not limited by the construction site, easy construction, and expense is low; 7) owing to do not push big quantity of fluid to reservoir, do not need the discharge opeing instant effect after the operation.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of high enegry gas fracturing process is characterized in that: the high energy gas that adopts the power propellant burning to produce is the pressure break energy, and can control its surge pressure; Adopt tubular column structure, method for blocking, cloth bullet method and well head caber ignition method, wherein:
Tubular column structure and method for blocking: tubing string lower end order connects snubber, Pressure breaking bullet, testing arrangement and balance recover successively, and on pressure break action space select location, connect packer, at deep-well more than 1500 meters with packer shutoff oil pipe and casing space; And at well head adapted pressure limiting valve, 1500 meters with interior shallow well, middle-deep well with the packer shutoff, twin packer can be set, on packer, can set the level pressure valve, or below packer, set hydraulic anchor, or match level pressure valve and hydraulic anchor simultaneously, above packer, be equipped with the hydrophthalmia pipe nipple;
Cloth bullet method: empty the cloth bullet, 20~30 meters air chamber is arranged at the top in Pressure breaking bullet space of living in; Fully fluid-filled cloth bullet is full of liquid with Pressure breaking bullet space of living in, and Pressure breaking bullet is dipped among the liquid;
Well head ignition method: light a fire by igniting manipulator point of release lighted torch under high-pressure sealed recurrent state that well head is provided with.
2, high enegry gas fracturing process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: surge pressure P m≤ (P is total)/(KS)≤100MP a, P in the formula m-peak-peak pressure, P is total-and shutoff bears maximum load with top,
K-safety factor (K 〉=1.2) S-lifting surface area
The medicine chamber is than M=(Wh)/(1000V)≤0.010
In the formula: M-medicine chamber ratio, W-dose, h-pressure break well depth
V-pressure break action space
3, a kind of control device that is used for the high enegry gas fracturing process comprises housing, spring rubber skin
Figure 911001964_IMG1
, packing constitutes, it is characterized in that: control device mainly is made up of igniting well head manipulator, snubber, balance recover, connect gate 13 and igniting manipulator 11 in wellhead flange 14 upper ends, one side connector of igniting manipulator 11 connects ball-and-seat 2 and cementing truck 1, the high pressure gate place of well head sleeve pipe is provided with two-way monitor 8, be provided with packer 3 between oil pipe 12 in the lower going-into-well and the sleeve pipe 9, snubber 4, Pressure breaking bullet 5, testing arrangement 6 and balance recover 7 are linked in sequence in desire pressure break reservoir 10 place's oil pipes 12 lower ends.
4, control device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the cylindrical of high energy gas air pressure knick point gas well mouth manipulator housing 39 is provided with three reinforcement boss, side at three boss is provided with the fire rod controlling organization, convex platform connects an end of support bar 26, lower convex platform connects an end of the backstay 36 that has alignment pin 35, have through hole and connect supporting positive cover 29 and sealing ring 30 at middle boss, opposite side at the lower convex platform cylindrical has through hole and is provided with joint 38, top at igniting manipulator housing 39 is connected with cap 21, its throat is connected with the emptying pressure regulator valve, the emptying pressure regulator valve connects pressure spring 24 by the regulator bolts 23 that connects in valve body 22 and the interior bone thereof and steel ball 25 constitutes, the bottom of valve is provided with the taper hole that is communicated with the valve centre bore, emptying pressure regulator valve in housing 39 throats has fire rod 41, its upper end is awl lance and corresponding with above-mentioned taper hole, there is a pin-and-hole 43 corresponding with stub 31 its middle and upper part, its middle and lower part is provided with the guide pad 40 of right-angled intersection, quantity is more than two groups, its lower end is provided with impact pad 42, fire rod 41 is hung in the chamber by stub 31 pin locks, the other end of the support bar 26 of fire rod controlling organization is provided with open slot 27 and by pin 28 hinged starting handles 37, stub 31 inserts supporting positive cover 29 and sells the pin-and-hole 43 of fire rod 41, its other end is by pin 32 piece 33 that is articulated and connected, the other end of contiguous block 33 is by pin 34 hinged starting handles 37, pin 34 can slippage in the deep-slotted chip breaker on the starting handle 37,35 pairs of starting handles of alignment pin, 37 location.
5, control device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: be socketed with top connection 50, spring 51, spring base 53 and buffering rubber tube 54 in the housing 52 of snubber 4 from top to bottom in proper order, its lower end connects packing box 55, packing box 55 outer socket top caps 58, in the clamping sleeve 57 of its end, packing 56 is housed, central tube 59 passes top cap 58, packing 56, packing box 55, buffering rubber tube 54 is connected with spring base 53, and with the centre bore coaxial communication of top connection 50, there is screw thread its lower end.
6, control device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the top connection 60 of balance recover 7 is connected with center-pole 62 with righting rod 61, the other end of righting rod 61 is connected with fishing socket 64, and be set with the leather cup 63 that mouth makes progress in this junction, fishing socket 64 lower ends are connected with lower contact 66, and the other end of center-pole 62 is connected with fishing socket 64 bottoms, and fishing socket 64 ring walls are provided with hole 65, righting rod 61 be three uniform, be provided with screw thread in the top connection 60 and be provided with fabrication hole in cylindrical.
CN 91100196 1991-01-16 1991-01-16 High enegry gas fracturing process and control device Pending CN1063527A (en)

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CN 91100196 CN1063527A (en) 1991-01-16 1991-01-16 High enegry gas fracturing process and control device

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CN 91100196 CN1063527A (en) 1991-01-16 1991-01-16 High enegry gas fracturing process and control device

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102787831A (en) * 2012-07-27 2012-11-21 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司工程服务公司 Three-phase longitudinal support diversion wing-type centralizing rod
CN104975838A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-10-14 中国石油大学(华东) Method capable of preventing pre-existing cracks against closure by adoption of high-energy gas fracture
CN105241750A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-01-13 四川大学 Pressing head system for indoor triaxial hydrofracture experiment
CN110219615A (en) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-10 山东科技大学 A kind of coal seam pulsed infusion borehole sealing device and method for sealing
CN117514078A (en) * 2024-01-04 2024-02-06 江苏雄越石油机械设备制造有限公司 High-pressure fracturing wellhead capable of preventing corrosion of gas impurities

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102787831A (en) * 2012-07-27 2012-11-21 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司工程服务公司 Three-phase longitudinal support diversion wing-type centralizing rod
CN104975838A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-10-14 中国石油大学(华东) Method capable of preventing pre-existing cracks against closure by adoption of high-energy gas fracture
CN104975838B (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-11-14 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of method for preventing high enegry gas fracturing existing crack from closing
CN105241750A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-01-13 四川大学 Pressing head system for indoor triaxial hydrofracture experiment
CN110219615A (en) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-10 山东科技大学 A kind of coal seam pulsed infusion borehole sealing device and method for sealing
CN110219615B (en) * 2019-05-31 2021-11-05 山东科技大学 Coal seam pulsating water injection drilling hole sealing device and hole sealing method
CN117514078A (en) * 2024-01-04 2024-02-06 江苏雄越石油机械设备制造有限公司 High-pressure fracturing wellhead capable of preventing corrosion of gas impurities
CN117514078B (en) * 2024-01-04 2024-03-29 江苏雄越石油机械设备制造有限公司 High-pressure fracturing wellhead capable of preventing corrosion of gas impurities

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