CN106351023B - 一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法。包括以下步骤:将纳米微球与水混合,超声分散,形成均匀乳液,然后在上述乳液中加入甲酰胺或乙二醇,超声分散,将所得分散液作为自组装液加入到预先置有纺织品的塑料培养皿或比色皿中,利用纳米微球的浸渍法自组装可在纺织品表面构造具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构。此外,还可采用数码喷墨自组装的方法,以分散液为墨水,在纺织品表面喷射施加墨水后同步自组装制备具有良好稳定性的光子晶体图案。本发明通过在纳米微球分散液中添加甲酰胺或乙二醇,有效增强了纺织品表面光子晶体结构的稳定性。该方法具有操作简单、成本低廉、绿色环保和普适性好等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光子晶体制备技术领域,涉及一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法。
背景技术
光子晶体是由两种或两种以上具有不同折光指数的材料在空间按照一定的顺序排列所形成的具有周期性结构的人造晶体,其基本特征是具有光子禁带,特定频率的电磁波在禁带内被禁止传播。近年来,光子晶体作为一种新型功能性材料已成为研究的热点。国际权威杂志《科学》甚至早已将光子晶体方面的研究列为当今十大科学进展之一。目前来看,光子晶体的应用涵盖了光、电、显示、催化、传感、检测和信息传播等众多领域,展现出巨大的应用价值。
以纳米微球为结构单元通过自组装构造光子晶体结构是目前最为简便和有效的方法,常见的自组装方法有重力沉降、垂直沉积、电泳沉积、离心沉降和蒸发自组装等。近年来,利用纳米微球自组装法在纺织基材表面构造光子晶体结构而赋予其功能性的研究屡见不鲜。借助光子晶体结构,纺织材料可获得显色、特殊的浸润性、抗紫外、保暖和传感等众多功能,制得的纺织材料具有广阔的市场应用前景。
但是,纺织品基材上的光子晶体结构大多稳定性差,在折叠、弯曲和水洗等过程中,光子晶体结构易发生龟裂,甚至会从纺织品基材表面脱落,这将极大地限制光子晶体在纺织品上的实际应用。因而,在纺织品上构建具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,为了克服纺织品上所得光子晶体结构在折叠、弯曲和水洗等常见过程中易龟裂和脱落的问题,本发明在纳米微球乳液中添加甲酰胺或乙二醇配制自组装液,使之与光子晶体结构内的纳米微球间通过共价键发生交联反应,从而增强纺织品上光子晶体结构的稳定性。
为了解决上述技术方案,采用如下技术方案:
一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将纳米微球与水混合,超声分散15min,形成均匀的微球乳液;
2)在上述分散液中加入甲酰胺或的乙二醇,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,获得分散液,备用;
3)首先将纺织品预先置于塑料培养皿或比色皿中,加入分散液并使其浸没纺织品表面,分散液作为自组装液;然后利用纳米微球的浸渍法自组装,在纺织品表面构造具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构。此外,还可采用数码喷墨自组装的方法,分散液作为墨水,墨水作为自组装液;在纺织品表面喷射施加墨水后,同步自组装制备具有良好稳定性的光子晶体图案。
优选后,纳米微球为纳米聚苯乙烯(PSt)、纳米聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸)(P(St-MAA))、纳米聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸)(P(St-MMA-MAA))、纳米聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸)(P(St-MMA-AA))、纳米聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸)(P(St-BA-AA))、纳米聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸)(P(St-BA-MAA))以及纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)微球中的任意一种、或任意两种及以上的组合。
优选后,纳米微球的平均粒径为100~500nm。
优选后,纳米微球的单分散指数小于0.08。
优选后,纳米微球应具有良好的球形度。
优选后,纳米微球的量占乳液的10~50vol%,微球乳液中的余量为水。
优选后,添加剂为甲酰胺时,甲酰胺的量占微球乳液的5~20vol%;添加剂为乙二醇时,乙二醇的量占微球乳液的10~30vol%。
优选后,纺织品为机织涤纶织物、棉织物、蚕丝织物、锦纶织物或涤/棉混纺织物。
优选后,浸渍法自组装包括重力沉降自组装、垂直沉积自组装和蒸发自组装。
由于采用上述技术方案,具有以下有益效果:
本发明为一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,为了克服纺织品上所得光子晶体结构在折叠、弯曲和水洗等常见过程中易龟裂和脱落的问题,本发明在纳米微球乳液中添加甲酰胺或乙二醇配制自组装液,使之与光子晶体结构内的纳米微球间通过共价键发生交联反应,从而增强纺织品上光子晶体结构的稳定性。同时,本发明提供的方法具有操作简单、成本低廉、绿色环保和普适性好等特点。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
图1为涤纶织物原样的显微镜放大图;
图2为自组装后(自组装液中未添加甲酰胺)未超声水洗涤纶织物的显微镜放大图;
图3为自组装后(自组装液中未添加甲酰胺)超声水洗涤纶织物的显微镜放大图;
图4为自组装后(自组装液中添加有甲酰胺)未超声水洗涤纶织物的显微镜放大图;
图5为自组装后(自组装液中添加有甲酰胺)超声水洗涤纶织物的显微镜放大图;
其中,图2至图5是以180nm的单分散聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸)(P(St-MAA))微球为结构基元,利用数码喷墨打印法在涤纶织物表面构建光子晶体结构,然后经过超声水洗测试前后相应涤纶织物的显微镜放大图片。纳米微球乳液浓度为50vol%,甲酰胺量为20vol%,图片放大倍数为100倍。
具体实施方式
如图1至5所示,经自组装后,涤纶织物纱线和纤维间的孔隙被光子晶体结构覆盖。如图2与图3所示,经超声水洗后,未加甲酰胺自组装液所得光子晶体结构已大多从涤纶织物表面脱落,织物显现了和原样几乎一样的孔隙;如图4与图5所示,加有甲酰胺的自组装液所得光子晶体结构未明显从涤纶织物表面脱落。
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明座作进一步说明:
实施例1:
取两份相同的粒径为255nm的单分散PSt纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为10vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入5vol%的甲酰胺,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加甲酰胺;将加有甲酰胺的已混合均匀的分散液和未加甲酰胺的乳液分别置于已预先置有涤纶织物的塑料培养皿中,使其浸没涤纶织物表面,在60℃下于鼓风干燥箱中进行蒸发自组装。待溶剂完全蒸发后,在涤纶织物表面得到具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性差的光子晶体结构。
对所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,具体分述如下:
1)折叠和弯曲测试
通过对比未加甲酰胺的纳米微球乳液和加入甲酰胺的纳米微球乳液在纺织品上自组装所得光子晶体膜,比较两者在折叠和弯曲前后的脱落情况来评定所得光子晶体结构的稳定性。选择用两只铁镊子进行折叠和弯曲试验,每次从水平开始折叠和弯曲已组装完毕的纺织品,直至纺织品两端碰头,来回测试10个周期。
2)超声水洗测试
通过对比未加甲酰胺的纳米微球乳液和加入甲酰胺的纳米微球乳液在纺织品上自组装所得光子晶体膜,比较两者在超声水洗前后的脱落情况来评定所得光子晶体结构的稳定性。选择超声振荡仪进行水洗测试,超声频率为120KHZ,超声功率为120W,超声时间为5min。
实施例2:
取两份相同的粒径为320nm的单分散P(St-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为20vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入10vol%的甲酰胺,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加甲酰胺;将加有甲酰胺的已混合均匀的分散液和未加甲酰胺的乳液分别置于已预先置有涤纶织物的塑料培养皿中,使其浸没涤纶织物表面,在60℃下于真空烘箱中进行重力沉降自组装。待溶剂完全蒸发后,在涤纶织物表面得到具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例2所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
实施例3:
取两份相同的粒径为180nm的单分散P(St-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为50vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入20vol%的甲酰胺,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加甲酰胺;将加有甲酰胺的已混合均匀的分散液和未加甲酰胺的乳液分别置入喷墨打印机墨盒中做为墨水,采用喷墨打印法在棉织物表面喷印制备具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例3所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
实施例4:
取两份相同的粒径为190nm的单分散P(St-MMA-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为20vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入10vol%的甲酰胺,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加甲酰胺;将加有甲酰胺的已混合均匀的分散液和未加甲酰胺的乳液分别置入喷墨打印机墨盒中做为墨水,采用喷墨打印法在涤纶织物表面喷印制备具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例4所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
实施例5:
取两份相同的粒径为210nm的单分散P(St-MMA-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为20vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入10vol%的甲酰胺,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加甲酰胺;将加有甲酰胺的已混合均匀的分散液和未加甲酰胺的乳液分别置于已预先置有涤纶织物的塑料培养皿中,使其浸没涤纶织物表面,在60℃下于真空烘箱中进行垂直沉积自组装。待溶剂完全蒸发后,在涤纶织物表面得到具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例5所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
实施例6:
取两份相同的粒径为250nm的单分散P(St-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为10vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入10vol%的乙二醇,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加乙二醇;将加有乙二醇的已混合均匀的分散液和未加乙二醇的乳液分别置于已预先置有涤纶织物的塑料培养皿中,使其浸没涤纶织物表面,在60℃下于鼓风干燥箱中进行蒸发自组装。待溶剂完全蒸发后,在涤纶织物表面得到具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例6所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
实施例7:
取两份相同的粒径为220nm的单分散P(St-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为15vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入20vol%的乙二醇,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加乙二醇;将加有乙二醇的已混合均匀的分散液和未加乙二醇的乳液分别置于已预先置有涤纶织物的塑料培养皿中,使其浸没涤纶织物表面,在60℃下于真空烘箱中进行重力沉降自组装。待溶剂完全蒸发后,在涤纶织物表面得到具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例7所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
实施例8:
取两份相同的粒径为190nm的单分散P(St-MMA-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为50vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入30vol%的乙二醇,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加乙二醇;将加有乙二醇的已混合均匀的分散液和未加乙二醇的乳液分别置于已预先置有涤纶织物的塑料比色皿中,使其浸没涤纶织物表面,在60℃下于真空烘箱中进行垂直沉积自组装。待溶剂完全蒸发后,在涤纶织物表面得到具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例8所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
实施例9:
取两份相同的粒径为440nm的单分散P(St-MAA)纳米微球,分别加入适量水混合配置成浓度为30vol%的纳米微球乳液,超声分散15min,使其分散均匀;在上述两份混合均匀的乳液中,一份中加入20vol%的乙二醇,超声分散10min,使混合均匀,而另外一份则不添加乙二醇;将加有乙二醇的已混合均匀的分散液和未加乙二醇的乳液分别置入喷墨打印机墨盒中做为墨水,采用喷墨打印法在涤纶织物表面喷印制备具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构和稳定性较差的光子晶体结构。
对实施例9所得光子晶体结构进行折叠、弯曲和水洗的测试,测试方法与实施例1中的相同。
将上述实施例1-9中的未加甲酰胺或乙二醇的纳米微球自组装所得光子晶体样品标号为01、02、03、04、05、06、07、08和09,加甲酰胺或乙二醇的纳米微球自组装所得光子晶体样品依次标号为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8和9,测试结果如表1所示。
表1未加和已加甲酰胺或乙二醇的纳米微球自组装所得光子晶体纺织品折叠和弯曲及超声水洗测试
其中,布面上接近所有区域(占布面面积90%以上)内的光子晶体都发生了脱落用○表示,布面上大部分区域(占布面面积50~90%)内光子晶体发生脱落用□表示,布面上中小区域(占布面面积15~50%)内的光子晶体发生脱落用◇表示,布面上小区域(占布面面积15%以下)内的光子晶体发生脱落用△表示,布面上光子晶体基本完全未发生脱落用☆表示。
从表1中可以看到,加入甲酰胺或乙二醇的纳米微球自组装所得结构色光子晶体纺织品在折叠和弯曲及超声水洗后,光子晶体膜基本没有变化和破损,表明光子晶体结构的稳定性随自组装液中甲酰胺或乙二醇的加入大大提高。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施例,但本发明的技术特征并不局限于此。任何以本发明为基础,为解决基本相同的技术问题,实现基本相同的技术效果,所作出地简单变化、等同替换或者修饰等,皆涵盖于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (8)
1.一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)将纳米微球与水混合,超声分散15 min,形成分散均匀的微球乳液,所述纳米微球为纳米聚苯乙烯、纳米聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸)、纳米聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸)、纳米聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸)、纳米聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸)、纳米聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸)以及纳米二氧化硅微球中的任意一种、或任意两种及以上的组合;
(2)在所述微球乳液中加入甲酰胺,超声分散10 min,使混合均匀,获得分散液,备用;所述甲酰胺的量占所述微球乳液的5~20vol%;
(3)取纺织品,采用自组装方法将所述分散液添加至纺织品表面,在纺织品表面构造具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于:所述纳米微球的平均粒径为100~500 nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于:所述纳米微球的单分散指数小于0.08。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于:所述纳米微球的量占所述微球乳液的10~50vol%,所述微球乳液中的余量为水。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于:所述纺织品为机织涤纶织物、棉织物、蚕丝织物、锦纶织物或涤/棉混纺织物。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中自组装方法包括浸渍法自组装,浸渍法自组装的具体过程为:首先将所述纺织品预先置于塑料培养皿或比色皿中,加入所述分散液并使其浸没所述纺织品表面,所述分散液作为自组装液;然后利用所述纳米微球的浸渍法自组装,在所述纺织品表面构造具有良好稳定性的光子晶体结构。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于:浸渍法自组装包括重力沉降自组装、垂直沉积自组装和蒸发自组装。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种提高纺织品上光子晶体结构稳定性的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中自组装方法包括喷印法自组装,喷印法自组装的具体过程为:所述分散液作为墨水,所述墨水作为自组装液;在所述纺织品表面喷射施加所述墨水后,同步自组装制备具有良好稳定性的光子晶体图案。
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