CN106322486A - Solar heating system - Google Patents
Solar heating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106322486A CN106322486A CN201610699056.XA CN201610699056A CN106322486A CN 106322486 A CN106322486 A CN 106322486A CN 201610699056 A CN201610699056 A CN 201610699056A CN 106322486 A CN106322486 A CN 106322486A
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- heat storage
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
- F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a solar heating system which comprises a water source heat pump system and a solar photovoltaic power generation system. Power generated by a photovoltaic assembly of the solar photovoltaic power generation system directly becomes direct current without inversion to supply power to and heat water in a heat storage water tank, or the power becomes alternating current through inversion to achieve power supply and heating, meanwhile, the heat storage water tank serves as a heat source of the water source heat pump system to supply heat or power to a user, and hot water can be directly supplied through a hot water supply system; switching can be achieved while the number of the heat storage water tank exceeds one; the heat storage water tank can be mounted in a room or underground or on a roof according to needs; and an electric supply complementary system can be further included for achieving complementation. The heat storage water tank can be replaced with a heat storage device with heat storage media being a sensible heat storage material, a phase change heat storage material, a thermochemical heat storage material or an adsorption heat storage material which are not water, and meanwhile the water source heat pump system is replaced with a corresponding heat pump or power generation system; and the above two kinds of technologies can be adopted in a mixed manner. The solar heating system is high in heat storage and supply capacity, low in energy consumption, meanwhile not high in manufacturing cost and mature in technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar-heating, electric power system.
Background technology
Traditional fuel energy reduces the most day by day, and the harm causing environment becomes increasingly conspicuous, and the whole world also has 20 simultaneously
Hundred million people can not get normal energy supply.In this time, regenerative resource has all been invested sight in the whole world, it is desirable to renewable energy
Source can change the energy resource structure of the mankind, maintains long-range sustainable development.Among this, solar energy forms with its exclusive advantage
The focus paid attention to for people.Abundant solar radiant energy is the important energy, is inexhaustible, nexhaustible, pollution-free, honest and clean
The energy that valency, the mankind can freely utilize.The Land use systems of solar energy has following several: 1, light and hot conversion.Such as solar energy
Water heater, solar energy stove etc..Common solar water heater has a three major types: flat water heater, solar vacuum-tube water heater, other
Type (including heat-pipe vacuum-tube water heater, Nausea drying solar water heater, vacuum tube Nausea drying water heater etc.) solar water heater.Domestic
Three kinds of market product flat board, vacuum tube and other products account for 20%, 65%, 15% respectively；And international market present situation is: flat board, true
Blank pipe and the other products market share account for 85%, 8%, 7% respectively.2, light and electric conversion, such as solar panel, solar energy
Car, ship etc..Single solar cell can not directly do power supply and use.Make power supply must by some cell series and parallels connect and
Tightly it is packaged into assembly.Solar panels (being also solar module) are the cores in solar power system, are also
Most important part in solar power system.Solar energy membrane i.e. thin-film solar cells can use at cheap pottery
The different materials such as porcelain, graphite, sheet metal manufacture when substrate, and formation can produce the film thickness of voltage and only need several μm, turns at present
Change that efficiency is the highest can reach 13%.Hull cell solar cell, in addition to plane, also can be fabricated to non-because having pliability
Its range of application of planar configuration is big, can be combined or become the some of building body with building, and application is widely.Solar energy
Clean energy resource is that the luminous energy of the sun is converted into the heat energy of other forms, electric energy, chemical energy, does not produces in energy sources conversion
Other harmful gas or solid waste, be a kind of environmental protection, safe and pollution-free novel energy.From French engineer in 1615
Saloman moral Cox has invented that First utilizes the acting of solar energy heating air expansion and the machine that draws water starts, and the mankind will
Solar energy is directly used as a kind of energy and power, the history of existing more than 300 year.In China, solar energy is as one
Plant emerging clean energy resource, its research and utilization is started late.But the multiple advantage having due to solar energy, adds country
Support policy, has defined preliminary solar energy industry chain in China, and has presented good development prospect.International in recent years
Upper photovoltaic generation is fast-developing, and within 2007, global solar new clothes capacity reaches 2826MWp, and wherein Germany accounts for 47%, and Spain is about
Accounting for 23%, Japan accounts for 8%, and the U.S. accounts for 8%.2007, substantial amounts of investment is had to focus on new product in solar photoelectric industrial chain
In the lifting of energy.In addition, the solar photoelectric enterprise loan financing amount of money between 2007 increases nearly 10,000,000,000 dollars,
This industry size is constantly expanded.Although being affected by financial crisis, Germany, Spain's support power to solar energy power generating
Degree decreases, but the support on policy dynamics of other country is strengthening year by year.Japanese government has issued the " sun in November, 2008
Can the universal action plan of generating ", determine that solar electrical energy generation amount is intended to reach 40 times in 2005 to the developing goal of the year two thousand thirty, and
After three to five years, the price of solar cell system is down to about current half.The most special arrangement in 2009 3000000000 yen
Subsidy, the special technological development encouraging solar storage battery.On JIUYUE 16th, 2008, United States Senate has passed through total subtracting
Tax plan, wherein renew 2-6 by the tax reduction policy (ITC) of photovoltaic industry.China's solar energy resources is the abundantest, theoretical reserves
Reach annual 1700000000000 tons of standard coals.The potentiality that solar energy resources develops are boundless.China's photovoltaic generation industry is in 20 generation
Recording the starting seventies, the mid-90 enters stable development period.Solar cell and module production increase the most steadily.Through 30
Effort for many years, has welcome the new stage of fast development.In " bright engineering " state such as pilot projects and " every township will have electricity " engineering
Family's project and the pulling down effectively of world's photovoltaic market, China's photovoltaic generation industry fast development.
Solar photovoltaic generation system is the photovoltaic effect utilizing solar cell semi-conducting material, can be straight by solar radiation
Switch through a kind of new power generating system being changed to electric energy, have independent operating and the two ways that is incorporated into the power networks.The photovoltaic of independent operating is sent out
Electricity system needs accumulator as energy storage device, is mainly used in the outlying district without electrical network and population decentralization is regional, whole system
System cost is the highest；In the area having public electric wire net, photovoltaic generating system is connected with electrical network and is incorporated into the power networks, and saves accumulator, not only
Cost can be greatly lowered, and there is higher generating efficiency and more preferable environmental-protecting performance.A set of basic solar energy is sent out
Electricity system is to be made up of solar panel, charge controller, inverter and accumulator, and the function to each several part does a letter below
Single introduction: the effect of solar panel is that solar radiant energy is directly changed into unidirectional current, for loading or being stored in storage
In battery standby.It is typically based on user's needs, some solar panels is pressed certain way and connects, form solaode side
Battle array, then mix suitable support and rosette composition.In different types of photovoltaic generating system, charge controller phase not to the utmost
With, its function is how many and complexity difference is very big, and this need to determine according to the requirement of system and significance level.Charge controller
Mainly it is made up of electronic devices and components, instrument, relay, switch etc..In solar generating system, the basic role of charge controller
It is to provide optimal charging current and voltage for accumulator, quickly, steadily, efficiently for accumulator charges, and in charging process
The middle service life reducing loss, as far as possible prolongation accumulator；Protect accumulator, it is to avoid sending out of overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon simultaneously
Raw.If user uses DC load, galvanic current (former due to weather can also be provided for load by charge controller
Cause, the galvanic voltage and current that solar cell array sends is not the most stable).The effect of inverter is exactly by solar-electricity
The low-voltage DC that pond square formation and accumulator provide is reverse into 220 volts of alternating currents, and supply AC load uses.Accumulator battery be by
Solar cell array sends unidirectional current and is stored up for load.In photovoltaic generating system, battery is in floating charge electric discharge shape
State, summer, sunshine amount was big, in addition to supply load electricity consumption, also charged accumulator.When winter, sunshine amount was few, this part is stored
Electric energy progressively release.Daytime, solar cell array charged a battery, and square formation also to give load electricity consumption simultaneously, loads evening
Electricity consumption is all supplied by accumulator.It is therefore desirable to the self discharge of accumulator is little, and charge efficiency wants height, the most also to examine
Consider price and use the factors such as the most convenient.Conventional accumulator has lead-acid accumulator and silica-gel accumulator, it is desirable to higher field
Close the cadmium-nickel storage cell also having price comparison expensive.
Water source heat pump technology is to utilize the solar energy and geothermal energy and the low temperature that formed absorbed in earth surface shallow-layer water source
Lowlevel thermal energy resource, and use heat pump principle, logical too small amount of high-order electric energy input, it is achieved Lowlevel thermal energy shifts to high level heat
A kind of technology.Earth surface shallow-layer water source (subsoil water, river, lake, ocean etc.) absorbs the sun and enters the phase of the earth
When emittance, and the temperature at water source is typically the most sufficiently stable.Water source heat pump central air-conditioning system is by end system, water
Source heat pump central air conditioner host computer system and water resource heat pump water system three part composition.When winter is user's heat supply, in water resource heat pump
Centre air conditioning system extracts low grade heat energy, by the water-source heat-pump central air conditioner main frame (heat pump) " pump " of electrical energy drive from water source
Deliver to high temperature heat source, deliver to building meets user's heat demand after promoting temperature using air or water as refrigerating medium.Summer
During for user's cooling, waste heat indoor for user is turned by water source heat pump central air-conditioning system by water source central air conditioner main machine (refrigeration)
Move on in source water, owing to water source temperature is low, it is possible to take away heat efficiently, to meet user's refrigeration demand.Generally water
Source heat pump consumes the energy of 1kW, and user can obtain heat or the cold of more than 4kW.With traditional boiler (electricity, fuel) heat supply
System is compared, and water resource heat pump has obvious advantage.Boiler heat supplying can only be by the electric energy or 55～the fuel of 80% of 90%～95%
The interior heat that can be converted into, therefore water resource heat pump is than the electric energy of electric boiler heating saving more than 2/3rds, saves than fuel boiler
Save the energy of more than 1/2nd.From the point of view of Gai Kuoing, mainly have a following characteristics: 1) belong to renewable energy utilization technology.Source pump
Be the energy that make use of earth water body to be stored as Cooling and Heat Source, carry out the heating of energy conversion, air conditioning system, wherein can be in order to
Water body include subsoil water, surface water, process cycles cool down water, mine drainage etc..Surface soil and water body are not only one
Huge solar thermal collector, have collected the solar radiation energy of 47%, (more than annual utilize energy 500 times than the mankind
Under water body be indirectly to be accepted solar radiation energy by soil), and be huge dynamic power balance system, ground
The soil of table and water body keep the relative equilibrium that energy accepts and dissipates naturally.This makes utilization be stored in intimate nothing therein
Solar energy or the ground of limit can be possibly realized.Thus, what water resource heat pump utilized is a kind of technology of the regenerative resource cleaned.By
Relatively stable for the whole year in the heat source temperature of water resource heat pump, generally 8～30 DEG C, its refrigeration, heating efficiency are up to 3.8～4.4.Cause
This, in recent ten years, over the nearlyest 5 years, water source heat pump air conditioning system the North America such as U.S., Canada and in, Northern Europe the most auspicious
The country such as scholar, Sweden achieves and develops faster, and the water resource heat pump market of China is the most active, it is contemplated that, this technology
Maximally effective heat supply in this century and cooling air-conditioning technical will be become.2) energy-efficient.The available water body of water source heat pump units
Temperature winter is 8～30 DEG C, and water temperature is higher than ambient air temperature, so the evaporating temperature of heat pump cycle improves, and Energy Efficiency Ratio
Also improve.According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) EPA estimate, the water resource heat pump that design and installation is good, can save on average user 30～
The operating cost of 40%.Heat pump is the most energy-conservation, it is important that be exactly a little in its heat of being provided major part be from
Low temperature side gratuitously obtains, if the heating efficiency of heat pump is 4, is equivalent to have 3 parts of energy gratuitously to obtain from low temperature side, and only consumes
1 part of electric energy.From the point of view of water source heat pump units, heat transfer process is to complete with water bodys such as subsoil water, surface water, recirculated waters
, typically at about 10～22 DEG C, the most free from the influence of the external environment.3) stable and reliable operation.The temperature of water body 1 year four
Aspect, to stable, is good source heat pump heat, the characteristic that water temperature is more constant so that source pump is run more reliable, stable,
Also ensure that high efficiency and the economy of system.Compared with combustion gas and oil-fired boiler system, eliminate oil-stocking equipment and Gas Pipe
Laying of road, if coal-burning boiler system then can save boiler room and matched coal yard and slag field, greatly reduces machine
The floor space in room, has saved land resource, produces additional economic benefit, improves the utilization rate of building.4) environmental benefit
Significantly.Water resource heat pump uses electric energy, and electric energy is originally as the energy of a kind of cleaning.The electric power designing good water source heat pump units disappears
Consumption, compared with electricity heating, is equivalent to reduce more than 70%.Water source heat pump technology use cold-producing medium, can be R22 or R134A,
R407C and R410A etc. substitute symplasm, and the operation of water source heat pump units does not has any pollution, does not has garbage yet, it is not necessary to stack
The place of fuel exhaust, and without long-distance sand transport heat.Eliminate boiler room system during heat pump heat supply in the winter time, do not have
Combustion process, without combustion apparatus, it is to avoid the discharge of noxious fume and harmful substance, thus there is not blast, the hidden danger of burning.
Source pump is run safe and reliable, stable, is little affected by the impact of weather and variation of ambient temperature, meets environmental protection concept.5) one
Machine is multiplex, applied range.Water source heat pump system can heat, air-conditioning, also can domestic hot-water supply, a tractor serves several purposes, set of system can
Two covering devices or the system of air-conditioning is added with the original boiler of replacement.Especially for there being the demand of heat supply and cooling simultaneously, water source
Heat pump has clear advantage.Not only save mass energy, and heat supply and cooling can be met with a set of equipment simultaneously
Requirement, decreases the initial cost of equipment.6) automatically run.Water source heat pump units is due to stable conditions, it is possible to design is simple
System, parts are less, and unit operation is simple and reliable, and maintenance cost is low；Automatically controlling degree high, service life, length can reach 20
More than Nian.Typical case's application system of water source heat pump of water source heat pump system is to be by end (room air processes end etc.)
System, water source central air conditioner main machine (being also called water resource heat pump) system and source water system three part composition.During for user's heat supply, water
Source central air conditioner system is middle from water source extracts low grade heat energy, by the water source central air conditioner main machine (heat pump) of electrical energy drive "
Pump " delivers to high temperature heat source, to meet user's heat demand.During for user's cooling, water source central air-conditioning is by waste heat indoor for user
Transfer in water source by water source central air conditioner main machine (refrigeration), to meet user's refrigeration demand.User's (indoor end etc.) is
Uniting by user side water pipe system, water circulating pump, water filter, Electrostatic water treatment instrument, various end airhandling equipments, it is fixed to expand
Pressure equipment and related valve accessory composition.Water source central air conditioner main machine system by compressor, vaporizer, condenser, expansion valve, respectively
Plant the composition such as refrigeration piping accessory and electrical apparatus control system.Source water system is processed set by water source water fetching device, water pump, water
Standby, water transfer pipe network and valve fittings etc. form.Cooling condition can be realized by valve transfer, even if source water enters condenser,
The freeze cycle water of vaporizer connects custom system.
Fuse salt technology is exactly common solid-solid inorganic salt to be heated to its fusing point liquid formed above (if NaNO3 is 308
DEG C fusing, common NaCl salt is 801 DEG C of fusings), then utilize the thermal cycle of fuse salt to reach solar energy heat-transferring accumulation of heat
Purpose.Compared with traditional working medium, fuse salt have use temperature range wide (from more than tens degrees Celsius to 1,000 degrees Celsius),
The advantage that the close Hattons of a series of Chinese such as heat transfer property height, low, the low price of operating pressure are huge, fusion tray of thermal transmission and storage technology is
Through having obtained utilizing widely in the field such as chemical industry, military project, at new high-tech such as solar energy thermal-power-generating, biomass high-temperature hydrogen manufacturing
Field also has broad application prospects.The U.S. takes the lead in the heat transfer accumulation of heat working medium employing fuse salt as solar energy thermal-power-generating,
And achieve good effect on SolarTwo solar energy thermal-power-generating experiment power station.In July, 2010, Italian Civil electric power collection
Group has built up the first Archimedes's solar light-heat power-generation station using fuse salt accumulation of heat completely, the world in Sicily.Accumulation of heat material
Material is exactly a kind of new chemical material that can store heat energy.It issues biological phase transformation in specific temperature (such as phase transition temperature)
Change, and along with absorbing or releasing heat, can be used to control the temperature of surrounding, or in order to store heat energy.It heat or
Cold stores, and it is discharged the most again, thus improves the utilization rate of the energy.The work process of heat-storing material
Including two stages: one is the storage stage of heat, i.e. that power unnecessary for peak period, industrial exhaust heat used heat or solar energy etc. are logical
Cross heat-storing material to store；Two is the release stage of heat, discharges heat by heat-storing material the most in use, is used for adopting
Warm, heat supply etc..Heat storage and release step cycle are carried out, it is possible to utilize heat-storing material to solve heat energy over time and space
Incoordination, reach high efficiency of energy and utilize and energy-conservation purpose.Dividing by heat storage type, heat-storing material can be divided into four classes:
Sensible heat heat-storing material, phase change heat storage material, heat chemistry heat-storing material and adsorptive heat-storage material.1, sensible heat heat-storing material.Sensible heat stores
Hot material be the change procedure utilizing material self-temperature to carry out the storage of heat, owing to direct contact heat transfer can be used,
Or fluid inherently heat storage medium, thus storage, exothermic process are relatively simple, are to apply more accumulation of heat material in early days
Material.The simplest also comparative maturity of sensible heat heat storage technology in all of heat-storing material.Sensible heat heat-storing material major part can be from certainly
So boundary directly obtains, cheap and easy to get.Sensible heat heat-storing material is divided into liquid and solid two types, fluent material common such as water,
Solid material such as rock, cobblestone, soil etc., wherein have several sensible heat heat-storing material noticeable, such as Li2O and Al2O3、TiO2
Mixing material Deng high temperature sinter molding.Owing to sensible heat heat-storing material is dependent on the variations in temperature of heat-storing material to carry out heat storage
Deposit, exothermic process can not constant temperature, thermal storage density is little, causes the bulky of thermal storage equipment, and heat storage efficiency is the highest, and with week
Collarette border exists the temperature difference can cause thermal loss, heat can not long term storage, be not suitable for long-time, Large Copacity accumulation of heat, limit
The further development of sensible heat heat-storing material.2, phase change heat storage material.Phase change heat storage material be utilize material phase transformation (as solidification/
Fusing, condensing/vaporize, solidify/distillation etc.) heat of transformation that occurs of process to be to carry out storage and the utilization of heat.With sensible heat accumulation of heat
Material is compared, and phase change heat storage material thermal storage density is high, it is possible to released amount of heat at a constant temperature by phase transformation.Although gas one liquid and
The solid latent heat of phase change value changed of gas one admittedly changes than liquid one, consolidates latent heat when changing greatly, but because it is in phase transition process
There is the great variety of volume so that it is the biggest difficulty can be there is in practical implementation.High according to phase transition temperature, latent-heat storage
Can be divided into low temperature and high temperature two kinds, low temperature latent-heat storage is mainly used in Waste Heat Recovery, storage of solar energy and heat supply and air-conditioning system
System.High-temperature phase change heat accumulation material mainly has high temperature melting salt, mixing salt, metal and alloy etc., is mainly used in Aero-Space
Deng.Common latent heat storage material has calcium chloride hexahydrate, Sodium acetate trihydrate, Organic Alcohol etc..It is close that latent-heat storage mode has accumulation of heat
Spending higher (typically can reach more than 200kJ/kg), store, exothermic process approximation isothermal, process such as is easily controlled at the advantage, because of
This phase change heat storage material is the research of current heat-storing material and the main flow of application.3, heat chemistry heat-storing material.Heat chemistry heat-storing material
Utilize metal hydride and amic stining to carry out accumulation of heat against chemical reaction more, have catalyst, temperature high and far from equilibrium state
Intermittent fever response speed is fast.The external experimentation having utilized this reaction to carry out solar energy storage heat generating, but need emphasis to consider to store
Container and the tightness of system, and generate gas to problems such as the corrosion of material.Heat chemistry heat-storing material has thermal storage density
High and cleaning, the advantage such as pollution-free, but course of reaction is complicated, technical difficulty high, and device security is required high, disposably
Investment is big, still has relatively large distance with practical engineering application.4, adsorptive heat-storage material.Absorption refers to that fluid phase is (containing a kind of or many
The gas of kind of component or liquid) when contacting with the solid particle with porous, solid particle (i.e. adsorbent) is to adsorbate
Sorption or hold and stay process.Because of the heterogencity on adsorbent solids surface, produce the conversion effet of energy along with adsorption process, claim
For heat of adsorption.In adsorption/desorption circulates, grade and the use time of heat can be changed by heat storage, release process,
Realize the purposes such as refrigeration, heat supply and accumulation of heat.Adsorptive heat-storage is a kind of novel heat storage technology, and research is started late, and is to utilize to inhale
Storage and the conversion to carrying out heat in adsorption/desorption cyclic process with the heat effect occurred of the attached working medium.Adsorptive heat-storage material
The thermal storage density of material may be up to 800～1000kJ/kg, has the advantages such as thermal storage density height, heat-accumulating process empty calory loss.Due to
Adsorptive heat-storage material non-toxic is pollution-free, is another study hotspot in addition to phase change heat storage material, but due to adsorptive heat-storage material
Usually porous material, heat and mass transfer performance is poor, and adsorptive heat-storage is complex, is the problem of primary study solution.
Two kinds of environment-protecting clean energy technologys can merge, but existing fusion method is usually by photovoltaic
There is provided the simple fusion of electric energy for water source heat pump system, energy utilization efficiency is the highest.
Summary of the invention
The invention solves the problems that water source heat pump technology and two kinds of environment-protecting clean energy technologys of solar photovoltaic technology are more preferable
The problem merged, a kind of solar energy heat distribution system of design, this " hot " is " hot " physically, heat supply include freezing with
Heating etc., use water source heat pump system and the solar photovoltaic generation system of existing Technical comparing maturation simultaneously, pass through accumulation of heat
Water tank is as the intermediary of two systems, thus energy utilization efficiency is higher, loss is less, and two kinds of technological incorporation degree are higher, its
Technical scheme is as follows:
Including hot water storage tank, as the intermediary of two systems, the water in hot water storage tank is by solar photovoltaic generation system photovoltaic group
Part generated electricity without the direct powered by direct current of inversion heat, at this moment solar photovoltaic generation system shouldn't inverter, photovoltaic group
Part electricity is unidirectional current, does not the most also have because unidirectional current is converted to the energy damage that alternating current causes if being not required to change that
Lose.Also electrical heating, photovoltaic under regular situation can be supplied through the converting direct-current power into alternating-current power that photovoltaic module is sent out in inversion
Electricity generation system all comprises inverter and by inverter converting direct-current power into alternating-current power, but inevitable lossy in conversion.With
Time, hot water storage tank is user's heat supply (including refrigeration and heating etc.) as the thermal source of water source heat pump system, water source heat pump system from
Hot water storage tank obtains energy, the electricity of such solar photovoltaic generation system, eventually becomes the energy of water source heat pump system
Amount source.Water source heat pump system also can be converted to electric energy rather than lively the energy of hot water storage tank, the most just can power, by
In more than once conversion (water source heat pump system becomes heat energy into electric energy), necessarily there is more energy loss；But, can be in vain
It is converted to thermal energy storage in hot water storage tank the electricity of solar photovoltaic generation system, and evening is again in hot water storage tank
The energy stored is converted to electric energy for, it is achieved use of staggering the time.The while that hot water storage tank being more than 1, water source heat pump system can be cut
Changing the selected hot water storage tank as thermal source, an energy obtains almost then uses another water tank；Solar photovoltaic generation system
Can also switch selected for electrically heated hot water storage tank, a hot water storage tank heats almost to go and heats another accumulation of heat water
The water of case；So the ability of the accumulation of energy energy supply of whole system is adjustable, can be as desired to use, and such system can
To run more sane.Hot water storage tank can be installed on indoor, underground or roof, and indoor are applicable to normal domestic use occasion and supply
Hot use, underground is suitable for building, community central heating with (being also with soil heat preservation even with geothermal energy) simultaneously, and roof is also
It is applicable to normal domestic use occasion heat supply use.Certainly, above-mentioned solar photovoltaic generation system also can directly supply for water source heat pump system
Electricity, at this moment generated electricity can be similar with the water in above heat storage water tank for photovoltaic module, and one is can be without the direct direct current of inversion
Electricity is powered for described water source heat pump system, and two is can be also that described water source heat pump system is powered through being reverse into alternating current, pluses and minuses
Ditto.Also can include commercial power complementary system, when solar energy power generating deficiency by described commercial power complementary system supplementary power
Heating, and commercial power complementary system it is delivered to when solar energy power generating has more；Existing solar water heaters etc. have electricity auxiliary
Hot systems, function is somewhat similar, but also grid-connected directly electricity can be transported to electrical network, mesh when solar energy power generating has many here
Before a lot of countries including China have a lot of support policy for solar grid-connected generating, can therefrom make a profit.Owing to storing
Water in boiler becomes hot water after solar photovoltaic generation system is for electrical heating, it is possible to directly utilize these hot water, then
Increase a hot water supply system, directly for user for the hot water in described hot water storage tank, certainly at hot water storage tank more than 1
Time, hot water supply system should be also elected to be by can switch the same with solar photovoltaic generation system with water source heat pump system above
For the hot water storage tank of thermal water source, a hot water is finished with the hot water of another water tank.
The hot water storage tank of above-mentioned solar energy heat distribution system can be replaced heat storage medium not for the sensible heat heat-storing material of water, phase transformation
Heat-storing material, heat chemistry heat-storing material or the regenerative apparatus of adsorptive heat-storage material, the most described water source heat pump system replaces with phase
The heat pump answered or electricity generation system.Water can not only be used for sensible heat heat-storing material also can phase change heat storage material, also the most special with some
Oil is as sensible heat heat-storing material, and common phase change heat storage material is fuse salt, and fuse salt is divided into again low-temperature heat accumulating fuse salt, high temperature
Accumulation of heat fuse salt.In the case of having multiple regenerative apparatus, it is possible to the heat storage medium that different regenerative apparatuses has is watery fusion
Salt have for high-temperature heat accumulation fuse salt, respectively take the chief.
The feature of hot water storage tank maximum is that its hot water can use with direct-furnish, and heat storage medium is not the sensible heat accumulation of heat material of water
Heat-storing material in the regenerative apparatus of material, phase change heat storage material, heat chemistry heat-storing material or adsorptive heat-storage material typically can not be straight
For (certainly specifically using scenes can use with direct-furnish at some) but the heat storage capacity of some heat-storing material significantly more than
Water, it is possible to the heat storage technology of both above solar energy heat distribution system is combined use.If with hot water storage tank as accumulation of heat
Based on the solar energy heat distribution system of carrier, then be exactly to set up heat storage medium thereon not for the sensible heat heat-storing material of water, phase
Change heat storage material, heat chemistry heat-storing material or the regenerative apparatus of adsorptive heat-storage material and accordingly heat pump or electricity generation system, accumulation of heat
Heat storage medium in device is generated electricity without the direct powered by direct current of inversion by described solar photovoltaic generation system photovoltaic module
Heat or through being reverse into AC-powered heating, and corresponding heat pump or electricity generation system realize the energy biography of regenerative apparatus storage
Be delivered to original hot water storage tank, this hot water storage tank still as the thermal source of water source heat pump system, i.e. water source heat pump system again from accumulation of heat
Obtaining energy in water tank is user's heat and power supply；Same heat storage medium is not the sensible heat heat-storing material of water, phase change heat storage material, heat
The regenerative apparatus quantity of chemical heat-accumulating material or adsorptive heat-storage material can be more than 1 and solar photovoltaic generation system can basis
Need switching selected for electrically heated regenerative apparatus.Owing to this programme existing hot water storage tank and heat storage medium not for water simultaneously
Sensible heat heat-storing material, phase change heat storage material, heat chemistry heat-storing material or the regenerative apparatus of adsorptive heat-storage material, and regenerative apparatus
Energy hot water storage tank to be passed to, it is possible to hot water storage tank, fully wrapped around for regenerative apparatus or portion envelops are got up, so
The natural heat dissipation of regenerative apparatus can be absorbed by hot water storage tank, more reduces the loss of energy.
The solar energy heat distribution system made according to technique scheme, storage heating (power supply) ability is controlled, can be the strongest
Can also meet as required, energy loss is little on the whole, solar energy utilization ratio is high (being also with geothermal energy) simultaneously, institute simultaneously
The technology maturation used, product also comparative maturity relevant on the market, price is the highest, and the construction cost of this sample system is also
Will not be the highest.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of solar energy heat distribution system schematic diagram.1. water source heat pump system 2. solar photovoltaic generation system 3.
Hot water storage tank
Fig. 2 is a kind of mixed heat accumulation solar energy heat distribution system schematic diagram.1. water source heat pump system 2. solar energy power generating system
Unite 3. corresponding heat pump 5. regenerative apparatuses of hot water storage tank 4. (heat-storing material for water)；
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of solar energy heat distribution system (with reference to Fig. 1)
Including water source heat pump system 1, solar photovoltaic generation system 2 and hot water storage tank 3, the water in hot water storage tank 3 by described too
Sun can be generated electricity without the direct powered by direct current of inversion by photovoltaic generating system 2 photovoltaic module, and the most described hot water storage tank 3 is as institute
The thermal source stating water source heat pump system 1 is user's heat supply or power supply.
Embodiment 2
A kind of mixed heat accumulation solar energy heat distribution system (with reference to Fig. 2)
Regenerative apparatus 5 that heat storage medium is not low-temperature heat accumulating fuse salt for water and corresponding is set up on the basis of embodiment 1
Heat pump 4, the fuse salt in regenerative apparatus 5 is generated electricity direct without inversion by solar photovoltaic generation system 2 photovoltaic module
Powered by direct current heats, and corresponding heat pump 5 realizes the energy that regenerative apparatus 4 stores is delivered to original hot water storage tank
3, this hot water storage tank 3 is still as the thermal source of water source heat pump system 1, i.e. water source heat pump system 1 obtains energy again from hot water storage tank 3
For user's heat and power supply.
Claims (5)
1. a solar energy heat distribution system, including water source heat pump system and solar photovoltaic generation system, it is characterised in that:
Including hot water storage tank, the water in described hot water storage tank by described solar photovoltaic generation system photovoltaic module generated electricity without
The direct powered by direct current of inversion heats or through being reverse into AC-powered heating, the most described hot water storage tank is as described water source warm
The thermal source of pumping system is user's heat supply or power supply；
Or described hot water storage tank can switch selected as heat more than 1 water source heat pump system the most described on the basis of above
The hot water storage tank in source and/or described solar photovoltaic generation system can switch selected for electrically heated hot water storage tank；
Simultaneously/or on the basis of above described hot water storage tank be installed on indoor, underground or roof；
Simultaneously/or on the basis of above described solar photovoltaic generation system photovoltaic module generated electricity without the direct direct current of inversion
Electricity is powered for described water source heat pump system or is that described water source heat pump system is powered through being reverse into alternating current；
Simultaneously/or on the basis of above, also include commercial power complementary system, when described solar energy power generating deficiency by described
Commercial power complementary system supplementary power heats and/or is delivered to described mains hybrid system more when described solar energy power generating has
System.
Solar energy heat distribution system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Also include hot water supply system, directly for user for the water in described hot water storage tank；
Or when described hot water storage tank is more than 1, described hot water supply system can switch selected as heat on the basis of above
The hot water storage tank at water source.
Solar energy heat distribution system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described hot water storage tank replaces with heat storage medium not for the sensible heat heat-storing material of water, phase change heat storage material, heat chemistry accumulation of heat material
Material or the regenerative apparatus of adsorptive heat-storage material, the most described water source heat pump system replaces with corresponding heat pump or electricity generation system.
Solar energy heat distribution system the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
Set up heat storage medium not for the sensible heat heat-storing material of water, phase change heat storage material, heat chemistry heat-storing material or adsorptive heat-storage material
The regenerative apparatus of material and corresponding heat pump or electricity generation system, the heat storage medium in described regenerative apparatus is sent out by described photovoltaic
Electricity system photovoltaic module is generated electricity without the heating of inversion direct powered by direct current or through being reverse into AC-powered heating, described phase
The heat pump answered or electricity generation system realize the heat transfer to described hot water storage tank of the described regenerative apparatus；
Or described regenerative apparatus can switch selected power supply more than 1 described solar photovoltaic generation system on the basis of above
The regenerative apparatus of heating；
Simultaneously/or on the basis of above described hot water storage tank by fully wrapped around for described regenerative apparatus or portion envelops.
5. the solar energy heat distribution system described in a claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that:
The heat storage medium of described regenerative apparatus is fuse salt；
Or described fuse salt is low-temperature heat accumulating fuse salt or high-temperature heat accumulation fuse salt or different accumulation of heats dress on the basis of above
The heat storage medium being equipped be low temperature molten salt have for high-temperature heat accumulation fuse salt.
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| CN201610699056.XA CN106322486A (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2016-08-22 | Solar heating system |
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