CN106315721B - Critical or supercritical solar energy water and electricity cogeneration device - Google Patents
Critical or supercritical solar energy water and electricity cogeneration device Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
- C02F2301/066—Overpressure, high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
The invention directly utilizes solar energy to convert seawater into steam to complete desalination, and then utilizes the steam to push machinery to do work to complete power generation, thereby realizing water-electricity cogeneration. The device is completely different from the technical means of realizing energy saving by reducing the evaporation temperature of the seawater in the traditional heat method seawater desalination, but the seawater is evaporated in a critical state to realize desalination, and the enthalpy difference under the critical state is very small, so that the energy is saved by about 20 percent compared with the low-temperature desalination technology. The power generation process uses a light-heat-electricity power generation mode, and the power generation efficiency is higher than that of a light-electricity conversion mode used by the traditional solar power generation. According to the technical scheme, a layer of light absorption coating with ultrahigh absorption rate is designed on the surface of the porous material with low thermal conductivity, so that local high temperature of seawater on the surface layer is realized, the light-steam conversion rate is improved, and the fresh water yield is greatly increased; in addition, the critical state steam has great work capacity, and the Carnot efficiency is close to 55%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a critical or supercritical solar energy cogeneration device, belonging to the field of seawater desalination, energy conservation and emission reduction.
Background
Sea water desalination is a method for separating salt and water in sea water to obtain fresh water. Taking a thermal method seawater desalination technology as an example, the essence is a process of heating seawater to a boiling state to generate steam and then condensing to obtain fresh water. At present, the multistage flash evaporation technology utilizes the steam temperature of 90-120 ℃, and because the steam at the temperature still has larger work-doing power generation capacity for modern power plants, the desalination cost is high. The patent No. CN102092805A discloses a low-temperature multi-effect technology capable of utilizing steam at the temperature as low as 70 ℃, so that the heat consumption cost in seawater desalination is greatly reduced. Reducing energy consumption is an important way to relieve the high cost of seawater desalination, and almost all thermal seawater desalination technicians are seeking to reduce the heat source cost of seawater desalination. FIG. 2 is a relation curve of the enthalpy value and the temperature of saturated steam and water, and for initial water (25 ℃), the evaporation temperature changes within 25-250 ℃, the higher the evaporation temperature is, the higher the required energy is, and the higher the high-temperature desalination is, the water production cost is undoubtedly and directly increased. However, in the current technology, to reduce the boiling point of seawater, an effective method is to perform vacuum pumping, but the vacuum degree in a vapor-liquid phase-change system is very difficult to maintain, so that a large vacuum pumping device and a corresponding control system have to be matched in the low-temperature multi-effect desalination technology, the equipment volume is large, and the investment cost is increased.
However, if the evaporation temperature breaks 250 ℃, the energy required for evaporation will drop substantially. When the pressure is increased to the critical pressure (22.129MPa), the latent heat of vaporization is 0, and when the water is heated to the critical temperature (374.15 ℃) under the pressure, the water is totally vaporized into steam, and a steam-water two-phase region does not exist any more. In particular, at the critical point of water: t is tc＝374.15℃，PcWhen the pressure is 22.129MPa, the energy required by 1kg of water changing from liquid state to vapor state is 598.7kJ less than the energy required by evaporation at 120 ℃, namely, the energy of desalination of critical state sea water can be saved by 22.8% compared with the desalination process at 120 ℃. The critical state seawater desalination technology can not only greatly reduce the energy consumption required by evaporation, but also has very small specific volume of steam (22MPa, specific volume 0.008 m) under high pressure state3Per kg) relative to low pressure steam (0.01MPa, specific volume 15.3m3Kg), the equipment volume can be greatly reduced, and the investment cost is reduced. Evaporating water at a critical point is a very energy efficient means from the thermodynamic first efficiency point of view. The main problem at present is to solve how to obtain a high-temperature heat source at low cost, and obviously, it is not very economical to use fossil fuel combustion or electric heating, and it is the best way to solve the problem if low-grade energy can be directly recycled and a high-temperature heat source can be obtained without extra work.
The solar power generation is one of effective ways of saving energy, reducing emission and relieving environmental pollution caused by traditional power generation technologies such as fossil energy. However, the practical problem is that the silicon-based, relatively inexpensive solar photovoltaic panels, which are typically only 15% to 20% efficient, are placed on the ground. Due to the fact that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is too low, the photovoltaic power generation power density is low, a high-power generation system is difficult to form, and the low photoelectric conversion efficiency is a bottleneck which hinders large-area popularization of photovoltaic power generation. Compared with the problem of low photoelectric conversion efficiency, the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is higher, and the conversion efficiency of a common civil household solar water heater can reach 80 percent to the maximum. Recent patent No. CN105713502A discloses a solar heat absorbing material with a photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 90%. At present, the solar power generation technology also has a trend of converting a light-heat-electricity mode, and the power generation efficiency is superior to that of photovoltaic power generation. However, because the solar energy density is low, it is a technical bottleneck in the solar photo-thermal technology to absorb solar energy as much as possible and convert the absorbed energy into steam to the greatest extent, and by combining the content of the invention of the patent, two key problems a. the sunlight still has high absorptivity at high temperature (more than or equal to 374 ℃); b. the absorbed solar energy is used for the evaporation of the heated seawater to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a critical or supercritical solar water and electricity cogeneration device. The device utilizes solar energy to obtain high-temperature high-pressure steam, and utilizes steam drive steam turbine electricity generation. The invention overcomes the problems of large energy consumption and low solar energy photoelectric conversion efficiency of the traditional thermal method for seawater desalination.
The device is characterized in that the seawater is directly converted into steam by using solar energy to complete desalination, and then the steam is used for pushing a machine to do work to complete power generation, so that the water-electricity cogeneration is realized. The invention is completely different from the technical means of realizing energy saving by reducing the evaporation temperature of the seawater in the traditional heat method seawater desalination, but the seawater is evaporated under the critical state to realize desalination, and the enthalpy difference under the critical state is very small, so that the energy is saved by about 20 percent compared with the low-temperature desalination technology. The power generation process uses a light-heat-electricity power generation mode, and the power generation efficiency is higher than that of a light-electricity conversion mode used by the traditional solar power generation. The invention designs a light absorption coating with ultrahigh absorptivity on the surface of the porous material with low thermal conductivity, realizes local high temperature of seawater on the surface layer, improves the conversion rate of light and steam, and increases the yield of fresh water.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a critical or supercritical solar energy cogeneration device comprises a seawater evaporator, wherein the top end of the seawater evaporator is provided with a light gathering device, the middle of the seawater evaporator is provided with a horizontal hydrophilic porous medium layer, the seawater evaporator is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is provided with a steam cavity, the lower part is provided with a supplement cavity, the surface of the hydrophilic porous medium layer is provided with a solar energy absorption coating, and the solar energy absorption coating cannot block pore channels of the hydrophilic porous medium layer;
one end of the compensation cavity is connected with a seawater pipeline through a high-pressure pump, and the other end of the compensation cavity is connected with saline water through a pressure energy recovery device;
the steam cavity is sequentially connected with a steam turbine, a condensing device and a fresh water pipeline, and the steam turbine is a critical or supercritical steam turbine and is coaxially connected with a generator.
In order to realize seawater evaporation and desalination when the solar energy absorbing coating reaches local heating, the heat conductivity coefficient of the solar energy absorbing coating is generally higher, and preferably is more than 20W/(m)2K); wherein, the hydrophilic porous medium layer has seawater corrosion resistance, is a material with very low heat conductivity coefficient, and preferably has the heat conductivity coefficient less than 2W/(m)2K); further, the heat transfer from the evaporation surface to the bottom layer is reduced, and the thickness of the hydrophilic porous medium layer is generally 10 mm-50 mm.
The steam inlet at the upper end of the steam turbine is communicated with a steam chamber in the seawater desalting device, and the steam outlet at the lower end is communicated with a condensing device.
The pressure energy recovery device is used for recovering energy of brine residual pressure, and brine is discharged through a bottom brine pipeline.
The cold water intake line on the condensing unit may become part of the seawater line for preheating seawater entering the seawater evaporator.
The working process of the device of the invention is as follows:
when the seawater is desalinated, the seawater is pumped by a high-pressure pump and enters the compensation cavity through a seawater pipeline. The seawater in contact with the hydrophilic porous medium layer is transported to the solar energy absorption coating under the action of capillary force suction, sunlight is converged on the surface of the coating through the light condensing device, and due to the fact that the convection effect of the seawater in the porous medium is weak, and the substrate of the solar energy absorption coating is made of the porous material with poor heat conductivity coefficient, heat radiated to the surface is completely converged in the surface seawater in the absorption coating, and the thin-layer seawater is rapidly heated to the boiling point and generates steam. Since the whole seawater side and the steam cavity of the evaporator are in a high-pressure state, particularly, the pressure is controlled to be 22.13MPa, seawater is evaporated at the critical temperature of 374.15 ℃ to generate high-temperature high-pressure steam. Then, the high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam enters a turbine to do work and is converted into mechanical energy of turbine blades, a coaxially connected generator is driven to rotate, and the generator converts the mechanical energy into electric energy. And the dead steam at the outlet of the steam turbine enters a condensing device through an exhaust port at the lower end of the steam turbine for condensation, normal-temperature seawater is used as a coolant, and the steam is condensed into fresh water after releasing condensation heat and flows out along with a fresh water pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the system has the advantages that:
(1) the system has compact structure and low investment cost. The high-temperature desalination technology does not need to be vacuumized like the low-temperature desalination technology, and the device is much smaller than the vacuum thermal desalination technology due to the small specific volume of steam under high pressure.
(2) Completely different from the technical means of reducing the evaporation temperature of the seawater to realize energy saving in the traditional thermal method seawater desalination, the seawater is evaporated under the critical or supercritical state to realize desalination, and compared with the low-temperature thermal method technology, the energy is saved by about 20 percent.
(3) The special composite structure of the solar energy absorbing coating and the low-thermal-conductivity porous hydrophilic substrate weakens the natural convection loss of the seawater to be evaporated in the device, and simultaneously reduces the heat leakage of the evaporating surface to the seawater in the compensation chamber, so that the absorbed solar energy can be used for the heated evaporation of the seawater to the maximum extent, and the water yield of the high-temperature desalination technology is improved to the maximum extent.
(4) In the whole system design, the critical or supercritical high-temperature and high-pressure steam is utilized to drive a steam turbine to do work, so that the steam power generation capacity reaches a very high level, and the Carnot efficiency can approach 55%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention. 1-a light gathering device, 2-a solar energy absorption coating, 3-a hydrophilic porous medium layer, 4-a steam cavity, 5-a seawater evaporator, 6-a compensation cavity, 7-a high-pressure pump, 8-a seawater pipeline, 9-a pressure energy recovery device, 10-a salt water pipeline, 11-a steam turbine, 12-a generator, 13-a condensing device, 14-a fresh water pipeline and 15-a cooling water pipeline.
Fig. 2, plots of enthalpy versus temperature for saturated steam and saturated water.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific figures and examples.
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of a critical or supercritical solar cogeneration apparatus according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a critical or supercritical solar cogeneration device of water and electricity of the present invention, the device comprises a seawater evaporator, wherein the top end of the seawater evaporator is provided with a light gathering device, a horizontal hydrophilic porous medium layer is arranged in the middle of the seawater evaporator, the seawater evaporator is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is provided with a steam cavity, the lower part is provided with a supplement cavity, the surface of the hydrophilic porous medium layer is provided with a solar energy absorption coating, and the solar energy absorption coating does not block pore channels of the hydrophilic porous medium layer;
one end of the compensation cavity is connected with a seawater pipeline through a high-pressure pump, and the other end of the compensation cavity is connected with a brine pipeline through a pressure energy recovery device;
the steam cavity is connected with a steam turbine, a condensing device and a fresh water pipeline in sequence, and the steam turbine is coaxially connected with the generator.
The seawater side device comprises a high-pressure pump 7, a compensation cavity 6 and an energy recovery device 9, wherein one end of the high-pressure pump 7 is communicated with the sea through a seawater pipeline 8, and the high-pressure pump 7 is a high-pressure reciprocating pump and can provide water supply pressure of 30 MPa; the other end is communicated with a compensation cavity 6, the other side of the compensation cavity 6 is connected with a strong brine discharge pipeline, a pressure energy recovery device 9 is arranged on the brine discharge pipeline, the high-pressure fluid compresses the low-pressure fluid by utilizing the incompressibility of the fluid, the pressure energy of the high-pressure strong brine is directly transmitted to the feeding seawater, the direct transmission of the pressure energy-pressure energy is realized, and the energy recovery rate is up to 95%.
The steam side comprises a light condensing device 1, a solar energy absorbing coating 2 and a hydrophilic porous medium layer 3. Wherein the solar energy absorbing coating 2 is adhered on the surface layer of the hydrophilic porous medium layer 3, and the hydrophilic porous medium layer 3 is a water-absorbing material with a difference of heat conductivity coefficients.
The power generation system comprises a steam turbine 11 and a power generator 12 coaxially connected with the steam turbine 11, wherein a steam inlet at the upper end of the steam turbine 11 is communicated with the steam chamber 4, and a steam outlet at the lower end of the steam turbine 11 is communicated with a condensing device 13.
The condensing system comprises a condensing device 13 for cooling the vaporized fresh water into liquid and a cooling water pipeline 15 communicated with the condensing device 13 and providing cooling water for the condensing device, the upper end of a heat exchange coil in the condensing device 13 is communicated with a steam outlet at the lower end of a steam turbine, normal-temperature seawater is used as a coolant and enters the condensing device 13 through the cooling water pipeline 15, the condensed seawater absorbs heat to heat up, and the heated normal-temperature seawater is sent into the seawater pipeline 8 to realize the recovery of condensation heat.
When seawater is desalinated, seawater is pumped into a compensation cavity 6 through a seawater pipeline 8 by a high-pressure pump 7, a solar heat collecting system is started at the same time, the seawater enters porous medium pore channels under the driving of the porous suction force of an anti-corrosion hydrophilic porous medium 3, a stable gas-liquid interface is formed on the surface of a solar energy absorption coating 2, the surface seawater absorbs heat under the direct solar energy action, the temperature is rapidly increased to generate phase change, the evaporation temperature is related to the pressure of an evaporation cavity, particularly, the pressure in a steam chamber 5 is controlled to be 22.13MPa or higher through the high-pressure pump 7, so that the evaporation temperature is up to 371 ℃, vaporized steam is rapidly filled in the steam chamber 4, the high-pressure steam enters a steam turbine unit 11 through a steam pipeline connecting the steam chamber 4 and the steam turbine unit 11 to do work, the work is converted into mechanical energy of blades in the steam turbine unit 11, and drives a coaxially connected generator unit 12 to, the generator set 12 converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The exhaust steam enters the condensing device 13 through an exhaust port at the lower end of the steam turbine unit 11 to be condensed. Normal temperature seawater is used as a coolant, enters the condensing device 13 through the cooling water pipeline 15 to exchange heat with dead steam, and is changed into liquid fresh water after the steam releases condensation heat and is condensed, and then enters the fresh water tank through the fresh water pipeline 14 to be collected; meanwhile, normal temperature seawater absorbs condensation heat, is heated up by the high-pressure pump 7, and enters the compensation cavity for the next round of desalination. The salt water which is not desalted in the evaporation cavity is pre-pressed to the sea water after most high pressure energy is recovered by the energy recovery device 9, and the power consumption of the high-pressure pump is reduced.
As can be seen from the relation curve of the enthalpy value and the temperature of the saturated water vapor and the water in FIG. 2, the energy required for evaporating 1kg of water is 2107.2kJ/kg, the energy required for evaporating 1kg of water at 120 ℃ is 2716.6kJ/kg, the energy required for evaporating each kilogram of water is reduced by 609.4kJ, and the energy can be saved by 22.4 percent compared with the energy required for evaporating at 120 ℃. The critical state sea water desalination technology can not only greatly reduce the energy consumption required by evaporation, but also has the specific volume v of 0.008m when the pressure P is 22MPa because the specific volume of the steam is very small under the high pressure state3Per kg, specific volume v of 15.3m relative to low-pressure steam at a pressure P of 0.01MPa3And/kg, the occupied area of seawater desalination equipment can be greatly reduced, and the method has great significance in military application and the like.
The concentrating device 1 in the solar heat collecting system can be a Fresnel solar concentrating system.
Among them, the solar energy absorbing coating 2 is preferably selected to be a spectrum selective absorbing coating having high absorptivity, low emissivity characteristics, and superior oxidation resistance and thermal stability in a high temperature environment. For example, a nanocrystalline CrAl-amorphous AlCrOx composite multilayer material prepared by a cathodic arc ion plating technology is selected, has the absorptivity of 0.92-0.94 and the emissivity of 0.10-0.15, and has excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability in an environment of 500 ℃.
Wherein, the solar energy absorbing coating 2 has a higher heat conductivity coefficient, and can transfer heat more quickly to seawater to be evaporated which is contacted with the solar energy absorbing coating. Preferably thermal conductivity K>20W/(m2K).
Wherein the hydrophilic porous medium layer is an anti-corrosive material with a very low thermal conductivity, preferably a thermal conductivity K<2W/(m2K), such as porous carbon layers, porous ceramics, etc.; further, in order to minimize the heat transfer from the evaporation surface to the bottom layer, the thickness of the porous medium layer is generally 10mm to 50 mm.
Preferably, the outer wall and/or the inner wall of the seawater evaporator 5 is/are provided with a heat insulation layer so as to furthest preserve the energy in the evaporator and reduce the loss of heat.
The turbine in the power generation system adopts a critical or supercritical turbine, and critical or supercritical high-temperature and high-pressure steam is used for pushing the critical or supercritical turbine to do work, so that the steam power generation capacity reaches a very high level, and the Carnot efficiency reaches 55%.
Preferably, the pressure energy recovery device 9 adopts a positive displacement energy recovery device, residual pressure energy is recovered by directly pressurizing and feeding seawater with strong brine, and the recovery efficiency of the residual pressure energy can reach more than 95%.
Claims (5)
1. A critical or supercritical solar energy cogeneration device comprises a seawater evaporator, wherein the top end of the seawater evaporator is provided with a light gathering device, the middle of the seawater evaporator is provided with a horizontal hydrophilic porous medium layer, the seawater evaporator is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is provided with a steam cavity, the lower part is provided with a compensation cavity, the surface of the hydrophilic porous medium layer is provided with a solar energy absorption coating, the solar energy absorption coating cannot block pore channels of the hydrophilic porous medium layer, and the solar energy absorption coating is made of a nanocrystalline CrAl-amorphous AlCrOx composite multilayer material prepared by a cathode arc ion plating technology;
one end of the compensation cavity is connected with a seawater pipeline through a high-pressure pump, and the other end of the compensation cavity is connected with saline water through a pressure energy recovery device;
the steam cavity is sequentially connected with a steam turbine, a condensing device and a fresh water pipeline, and the steam turbine is a critical or supercritical steam turbine and is coaxially connected with a generator.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the solar heat absorption coating is greater than 20W/(m)2K), the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the hydrophilic porous medium layer is less than 2W/(m)2·K)。
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic porous media layer has a thickness of 10mm to 50 mm.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chilled water line on the condensing unit forms part of a sea water line.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer wall and/or the inner wall of the seawater evaporator is provided with an insulation layer.
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| CN110589920A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-12-20 | 广东工业大学 | Solar heat collection device and seawater desalination system with same |
| CN111637430B (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-10-21 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Porous medium composite structure photothermal cavity water taking device and method |
| CN114604923B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-07-26 | 广东海洋大学 | Photothermal-photoelectric integrated heat collecting pipe seawater desalting device |
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| CN202054635U (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-11-30 | 张文强 | Solar energy water-electricity cogeneration device |
| KR20130006052A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-01-16 | 주식회사 제이 티 씨 | Freshwater apparatus used solar |
| CN202924780U (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-05-08 | 华北电力大学 | Seawater desalination and power generation comprehensive utilization device |
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| CN1363522A (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2002-08-14 | 深圳市宝利达实业有限公司 | Process and equipment for supercritical desalination of sea water while providing energy |
| CN1872706A (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2006-12-06 | 张念东 | Popular type sea water desalting plant of using solar energy |
| CN202054635U (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-11-30 | 张文强 | Solar energy water-electricity cogeneration device |
| KR20130006052A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-01-16 | 주식회사 제이 티 씨 | Freshwater apparatus used solar |
| CN202924780U (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-05-08 | 华北电力大学 | Seawater desalination and power generation comprehensive utilization device |
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