CN106314070A - 车辆空调设备和对车辆电池控温的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及车辆空调设备和对车辆电池控温的方法。该车辆空调设备具有冷却介质回路(1),所述冷却介质回路至少包含:压缩机(2);气体冷却器/冷凝器(3);膨胀机构(5);蒸发器(6)以及用于使所述部件连接的冷却介质管路,其特征在于,在冷却介质流动方向上,在所述膨胀机构(5)上游设置有中间膨胀机构(7),并且在所述膨胀机构(5,7)中间设置有用于对车辆电池控温的换热器(8)。此外,本发明涉及一种用于加热或冷却车辆电池的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆空调设备和一种用于控制对车辆电池的控温的方法。
背景技术
用于电动和混合动力车辆的空气调节的车辆空调设备、尤其非常紧凑地构造的车辆空调设备在现有技术中例如在DE 10 2009 028 522 A1中以及在DE 10 2011 052 752A1中予以公开。
在特别考虑在电动和混合动力车辆中驱动器的废热开发部分不充分的情况下,利用这种空调设备开发目的为内部空间冷却和加热的对电动和混合动力车辆的空气调节来对车辆内部空间供热。
对于车辆电池的电池冷却而言,在现有技术中使用冷却水回路,所述冷却水回路借助于也称为冷却器的换热器接入在车辆的空调设备的冷却回路架构中。
从DE 10 2012 100 525 A1中知悉了一种具有冷却设备和热泵线路的机动车辆冷却介质回路,其中设有独立的冷却载体回路,在所述冷却载体回路中设有用于冷却电池的换热器。
关于车辆电池加热,在现有技术中在电动或者混合动力车辆中设有电加热***,所述电加热***要么直接借助于接触加热装置来加热车辆电池要么所述电池加热***经由电加热器间接地对载热回路控温,用于对车辆电池控温的换热器集成到所述载热回路中。
在现有技术中已知的紧凑的空调设备中不利的是,主要是内部空间空气调节很重要并且对于电动和混合动力车辆重要的功能如电池冷却和电池加热无法借助于根据现有技术的***来实现或者只能不充分地借助其来实现。
使用冷却器作为用于电池冷却的换热器虽然能够在紧凑的空调设备中实施,然而由此仅实现电池冷却而无法实现电池加热,其中用于电池冷却的换热器并行于空调设备的蒸发器运行。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有冷却介质回路的车辆空调设备,所述车辆空调设备附加地能够并且适合于对车辆电池控温。在此,车辆空调设备的构造要尽可能紧凑、配备少量的部件和具备节能地运行所述设备的可能性。
就本发明而言,对车辆电池的控温理解为对车辆电池的加热和冷却的可选的可实现性。
本发明的目的通过如下车辆空调设备和方法来实现,所述车辆空调设备具有冷却介质回路,所述冷却介质回路至少包含:压缩机;气体冷却器/冷凝器;膨胀机构;蒸发器以及用于将所述部件连接的冷却介质管路,其特征在于,在冷却介质流动方向上在所述膨胀机构上游设置有中间膨胀机构,并且在所述膨胀机构之间设置有用于对车辆电池控温的换热器,以及用于借助于所述设备加热或冷却车辆电池的方法的特征在于,中间膨胀机构为换热器设定在冷却介质回路中的中间压力,其中根据所述车辆电池的所需要的和所期望的温度来控制在所述冷却介质回路中的所述中间压力。改进方案在实施例中予以说明。
尤其,所述目的通过紧凑构造方式的车辆空调设备来实现,其中车辆空调设备的冷却介质回路至少具有如下部件:压缩机、气体冷却器/冷凝器、膨胀机构、蒸发器以及用于将所述部件连接的冷却介质管路。车辆空调设备的特征还在于,在冷却介质流动方向中在膨胀机构上游设置有中间膨胀机构,并且在这两个膨胀机构之间设置有用于对车辆电池控温的换热器。
由此,用于对车辆电池控温的换热器以串联连接的方式接入到空调设备的冷却介质回路中。借助于中间膨胀机构,根据车辆电池所要求的温度水平,冷却介质进行膨胀到相应的压强。根据温度和压力水平相对于车辆电池温度的位置,由此可以经由换热器加热或冷却车辆电池。
清楚的是,设有用于控制和调节温度的相应机构。
优选地,车辆电池即刻和直接经由车辆电池的在冷却介质回路的膨胀机构之间的换热器来加热或冷却。以这种方式可以近似无热损失地对车辆电池控温。在该设计方案中,对于给车辆电池控温而言,也只需要特别少量的部件。
作为对之前提出的设计方案的替选方案,用于间接地加热或冷却车辆电池的换热器一方面设置在冷却介质回路中而另一方面设置在独立于冷却介质回路的电池控温回路中。构成用于间接地加热或冷却车辆电池的换热器也可以根据功能成为耦联换热器,因为该换热器在热学上将车辆空调设备的冷却介质回路与电池控温回路耦联。电池控温回路根据该设计方案具有独立的电池换热器以及用于循环载热流体的泵和常用的流体连接管路。
电池控温回路为了热散发优选具有低温换热器。经由该低温换热器能够将过剩的热从电池控温回路中导出。这要么通过将热散发给周围环境要么通过将热散发给车辆的待加热的部件来实现。
电池控温回路优选构成用于加热或冷却车辆驱动马达。由此产生如下可行性:机动车辆的不同的在热学上待控制的部件和区域在广泛的热和温度管理的意义下耦联。车辆内部空间经由车辆空调设备的冷却介质回路与电池控温回路连接,所述电池控温回路又在热学上使车辆电池和车辆驱动马达耦联。
冷却介质回路优选具有内部的换热器,所述内部的换热器用于根据所使用的冷却介质改进冷却介质回路的效率。
此外,本发明的目的通过用于借助于之前描述的设备来加热或冷却车辆电池的方法实现,其中中间膨胀机构设定冷却介质回路中的中间压力。冷却介质回路中的中间压力根据车辆电池的所需要的和所期望的温度来控制。因此,根据冷却介质回路中的压力水平并且由此根据冷却介质回路中的中间压力的温度水平通过由冷却介质在中间压力下穿流的换热器将热散发给电池,或者将热从电池散发给电池控温回路或者吸收热。
因此,根据设计方案,通过控制车辆空调设备的冷却介质回路的中间压力来设定对于车辆电池而言所期望的温度。
由此特别有利地可以将热管理的对于电动和混合动力车辆而言重要的功能集成在紧凑的空调设备中,其中实现电池冷却和电池加热的功能,而没有附加的电加热装置。
本发明的设计方案在于集成用于直接或间接加热或冷却车辆电池的换热器,其中换热器以串联连接的方式接入到冷却介质回路中并且设置在两个膨胀机构之间。在此,换热器沿着冷却介质的流动方向设置在蒸发器上游并且设置在这两个膨胀阀之间,并因此在可从高压至低压可设定的压力水平上运行。
在换热器中的冷却介质侧上的压力水平可以经由膨胀阀主动地调节。因此,能够经由调整中间压力将冷却介质调节到与冷却水回路或者所期望的电池温度相比更高或更低的温度水平。因此,能够使用换热器用于电池冷却和电池加热。
特别有利地要提及的是,相较于已知的车辆空调设置架构,提出一种明显简化并且紧凑的空调设备,所述空调设备能够同时承担对车辆电池控温的功能。使用具有电池冷却和电池加热的双重功能的换热器附加地还提供如下可行性:使用经由冷却水在其它情况下导出给周围环境的其它废热。
因此还可以附加地极大地提高在加热运行、即在热泵运行中紧凑的空调设备的效率。
因此可以节省成本,提高性能并且使回路高效地运行。
附图说明
本发明的设计方案的其它细节、特征和优点从接下来参照相应的附图对实施例的描述中得出。在附图中:
图1示出具有换热器的车辆空调设备,所述换热器在车辆空调设备的紧凑的设计方案中在独立的电池控温回路中用于间接地对车辆电池控温,
图2示出具有用于对车辆电池控温的直接换热器的车辆空调设备。
具体实施方式
在图1中原理性地示出紧凑的车辆空调设备。车辆空调设备具有冷却介质回路1,所述冷却介质回路至少包含常用的部件。尤其,设有:作为冷却介质压缩机的压缩机2;气体冷却器/冷凝器3;内部的换热器4以及膨胀机构5连带跟随地设置的蒸发器6。回路经由常用的流体连接管路闭合并且所示出的设计方案示出组合的蓄电池和内部的换热器4,所述内部的换热器在适当的冷却介质的情况下设置用于使冷却介质蒸汽过热并且使冷凝物过冷,连带冷却介质回路1中的冷却介质收集器的功能。
此外,在冷却介质回路1中,设有作为中间膨胀机构7的第二膨胀机构,所述第二膨胀机构设置在膨胀机构5上游并且实现提供中间压力水平的功能。在中间膨胀机构7和为蒸发器6建立蒸发压力水平的膨胀机构5之间设置有换热器8。该换热器8在另一方面接入到电池控温回路9中并因此在热学上将冷却介质回路1与电池控温回路9连接。电池控温回路9除了具有换热器8之外还具有本来的电池换热器10,所述电池换热器在热学上与未示出的车辆电池接触,以便根据运行状况加热或者冷却电池。通过换热器8对未示出的电池的间接加热和间接冷却的功能关系从附加的电池换热器10的使用中或者通过使用电池控温回路9产生。
此外,在电池控温回路9中设有用于循环载热流体的泵13。此外,为了将电池控温回路9的热散发给周围环境或者其它适当的热沉,设有根据其温度水平表征的低温换热器12。车辆驱动马达11的温度管理同样可以经由电池控温回路9进行,对此车辆驱动马达11也可以在热学上接入到电池控温回路9中。
在图2中示出类似于图1的车辆空调设备的冷却介质回路1。用于冷却介质回路的热散发或者热吸收的换热器在该设计方案中即刻和径直作为电池换热器10示出。
这两个根据图1和图2所示出的设计方案执行借助于车辆空调设备 对车辆电池控温的功能。通过设置第二膨胀机构和调节或控制中间膨胀机构7在使用中间压力水平的情况下将用于直接或间接加热或冷却电池的换热器接入到冷却介质回路1中,能够实现灵活地使用用于加热或冷却车辆电池的设计方案。由此可以借助于具有少量部件的车辆空调设备和简单经济的控制方法对车辆电池进行有效控温。
附图标记列表
1 冷却介质回路
2 压缩机
3 气体冷却器/冷凝器
4 内部的换热器
5 膨胀机构
6 蒸发器
7 中间膨胀机构
8 换热器
9 电池控温回路
10 电池换热器
11 车辆驱动马达
12 低温换热器
13 泵。
Claims (8)
1.一种车辆空调设备,所述车辆空调设备具有冷却介质回路(1),所述冷却介质回路至少包含:压缩机(2);气体冷却器/冷凝器(3);膨胀机构(5);蒸发器(6)以及用于将所述部件连接的冷却介质管路,其特征在于,在冷却介质流动方向上,在所述膨胀机构(5)上游设置有中间膨胀机构(7),并且在所述膨胀机构(5,7)之间设置有用于对车辆电池控温的换热器(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆空调设备,其特征在于,所述换热器(8)直接加热或冷却所述车辆电池。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆空调设备,其特征在于,所述换热器(8)构成为在电池控温回路(9)中的用于间接加热或冷却所述车辆电池的换热器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆空调设备,其特征在于,所述电池控温回路(9)具有独立的电池换热器(10)和用于循环载热流体的泵(13)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的车辆空调设备,其特征在于,所述电池控温回路(9)具有低温换热器(12)。
6.根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的车辆空调设备,其特征在于,所述电池控温回路(9)构成用于加热或冷却所述车辆驱动马达(11)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆空调设备,其特征在于,在所述冷却介质回路(1)中设置有内部的换热器(4)。
8.一种用于借助于根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的设备来加热或冷却车辆电池的方法,其特征在于,
-中间膨胀机构(7)为换热器(8)设定在冷却介质回路(1)中的中间压力,其中
-根据所述车辆电池的所需要的和所期望的温度来控制在所述冷却介质回路(1)中的所述中间压力。
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