CN106311584B - A kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching - Google Patents

A kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106311584B
CN106311584B CN201610843021.9A CN201610843021A CN106311584B CN 106311584 B CN106311584 B CN 106311584B CN 201610843021 A CN201610843021 A CN 201610843021A CN 106311584 B CN106311584 B CN 106311584B
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matching layer
connector
piezoelectric patches
matching
active
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CN106311584A (en
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陈秋颖
廉国选
吴樵
王小民
毛捷
安志武
宋波
闫冉
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Institute of Acoustics CAS
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Institute of Acoustics CAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0648Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of rectangular shape

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching, including:Piezoelectric patches (1), the first matching layer (2), the second matching layer (3), transducer enclosure (4), the first connector (5) and the second connector (6);The piezoelectric patches (1), the first matching layer (2), the second matching layer (3) are arranged in order along the ultrasonic signal direction of the launch in transducer enclosure (4), first matching layer (2) uses circular sheet-like structures made of microcellular foam material, second matching layer (3) is using circular sheet-like structures made of polarized porous PVDF thin film, second matching layer (3) connects the second connector (6) by conducting wire, and the diameter of first matching layer (2) and the second matching layer (3) is identical with piezoelectric patches (1).Above-mentioned energy converter carries out transmitted acoustic pulse " active " amplification, so as to improve sensitivity by introducing " active " matching layer material.

Description

A kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic non-destructive inspection techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling of active matching surpasses Sonic transducer.
Background technology
Thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer is a kind of core component of important Noncontact ultrasonic NDT technology, is had It is widely applied prospect.Its core technology difficult point is mainly reflected in piezoelectric patches and the acoustic impedance of air seriously mismatches, and causes to change Energy device radiating acoustic energy efficiency is low, and receiving voltage sensitivity is low.Microcellular foam material, silicon gas is usually used in traditional solution The low acoustic impedance materials such as gel are as matching layer.The common Air Coupling ultrasonic transducer matching layer material that foreign countries have reported at present Including porous materials such as microcellular foam material, silica aerogels.Using low-impedance porous material, bilayer or multilayer matching is made Layer, obtains preferable matching effect (bibliography:T E G.Acoustic impedance matching of piezoelectric transducers to the air[J].IEEE transactions on ultrasonics,ferroelectrics,and frequency control,2004,51(5):624-633.).This method Transducer sensitivity only is improved by increasing the transmissivity of acoustic wave energy, although achieving good effect by the method, into The space that one step is promoted is very limited.
The content of the invention
It is it is an object of the present invention to low there is sensitivity for above-mentioned existing thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer The technical issues of, a kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching is provided, by way of active matching, is built The theoretical model of vertical active matching introduces active device as matching layer material, is retaining traditional enhancing acoustic wave transmission effect On the basis of, " active " amplification is carried out to transmitted acoustic pulse, further improves the sensitivity of Air Coupling ultrasonic transducer.
To achieve the above object, the thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of a kind of active matching provided by the invention, bag It includes:Piezoelectric patches, the first matching layer, the second matching layer, transducer enclosure, the first connector and the second connector;The piezoelectric patches, One matching layer, the second matching layer are arranged in order along the ultrasonic signal direction of the launch in transducer enclosure, and the piezoelectric patches passes through The conducting wire that the electrode that its both sides is set is drawn connects the first connector, and first connector and the second connector are both secured to transducing Device casing ends, and external ultrasonic power;First matching layer uses round sheet knot made of microcellular foam material Structure, second matching layer use circular sheet-like structures made of polarized porous PVDF thin film, which passes through The diameter of conducting wire the second connector of connection, first matching layer and the second matching layer is identical with piezoelectric patches.
As being further improved for above-mentioned technical proposal, the piezoelectric patches is made of 1-3 type composite materials, described 1-3 types composite material is made of evenly distributed piezo column and epoxy resin filling, and the thickness of the piezoelectric patches takes ultrasonic signal The corresponding half wavelength of centre frequency, a diameter of 30mm.
As being further improved for above-mentioned technical proposal, the thickness of first matching layer and the second matching layer takes ultrasound The corresponding quarter-wave of ripple signal center frequency.
As being further improved for above-mentioned technical proposal, the microcellular foam material is hollow glass micropearl powder and ring Epoxy resin composite material.
A kind of the advantages of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching of the present invention, is:
Thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer proposed by the present invention introduces on the basis of traditional acoustic impedance match " active " matching layer material, design additional incentive module carries out transmitted acoustic pulse " active " amplification, so as to fulfill with highly sensitive Spend the piezoelectricity sky coupling energy converter of performance, the energy converter can be widely applied to it is sensitive to couplant, cannot contact directly, require quickly In the non-contact ultrasonics field of non destructive testing such as scanning, highly sensitive performance more can be highly attenuating in non contact thickness gaging or measurement It has a clear superiority in terms of material.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer structures schematic diagram of active matching of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that piezoelectric plate structure side view made of 1-3 type composite materials is used in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that piezoelectric plate structure top view made of 1-3 type composite materials is used in the present invention.
Reference numeral
1st, piezoelectric patches 2, the first matching layer 3, the second matching layer
4th, transducer enclosure 5, the first connector 6, the second connector
7th, piezo column 8, epoxy resin
Specific embodiment
A kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasound of active matching of the present invention is changed with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples Energy device is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching provided by the invention, including:Pressure Electric piece 1, the first matching layer 2, the second matching layer 3, transducer enclosure 4, the first connector 5 and the second connector 6;The piezoelectric patches 1, First matching layer 2, the second matching layer 3 are arranged in order along the ultrasonic signal direction of the launch in transducer enclosure 4, the piezoelectric patches 1 and second matching layer 3 first connector 5 and the second connector 6, institute be respectively communicated with by the conducting wire that the electrode that its both sides is set is drawn The first connector 5 and the second connector 6 stated are both secured to 4 end of transducer enclosure, and external ultrasonic power;Described first It is with circular sheet-like structures made of the microcellular foam material of low acoustic impedance with layer 2, it is preferred to use hollow glass micropearl powder And epoxy resin composite material, second matching layer 3 is active matching layer, is made of the porous PVDF thin film polarizing Circular sheet-like structures, the diameter of 2 and second matching layer 3 of the first matching layer is identical with piezoelectric patches 1, reasonably selects its diameter D makes thickness vibration mode and other vibration modes be distinguished in ultrasonic signal centre frequency.
Piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer has important and extensive as a kind of core component of non-contact detection technology Application prospect, but the seriously mistake of the acoustic impedance of itself piezoelectric patches and air, affect detection sensitivity.Only lean on low acoustic impedance material Material carries out matched method and solves the problems, such as acoustic wave transmission to a certain extent, on this basis, using " active " matched side Formula does matching layer with the low sound-resistance material with piezoelectricity, and design additional incentive module carries out transmitted acoustic pulse " active " amplification, So as to fulfill the piezoelectricity sky coupling energy converter with highly sensitive performance.
The core concept of active matching is:Matching layer is made using the special material with piezoelectricity, acoustic impedance was both full The requirement of sufficient impedance matching can realize the effect of traditional " anti-reflection " sound wave, while utilize its piezoelectricity, in access voltage source Into after row energization, a part of stackable acoustic energy is capable of providing, realizes the effect that amplification is compensated to acoustic wave energy, so as to big The big sensitivity for improving thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer.
Using electromechanical analogy method carry out active matching operating process be:
Initially set up piezoelectric patches 1, the first matching layer 2, the equivalent-circuit model of the second matching layer 3, wherein piezoelectric patches 1 and Two matching layers 3 are modeled using Mason's equivalent-circuit model, and the first matching layer 2 is modeled using acoustic transmission line model.When piezoelectric patches 1 Both ends plus signal source Vs, when 3 both ends of the second matching layer are not added with driving source Vex, the second matching layer 3 plays the role of similar tradition The output acoustic pressure P of transducer face is calculated in function with layer at this time1=H1(Vs);When 1 both ends of piezoelectric patches are not added with signal source Vs, when 3 both ends of the second matching layer add driving source Vex, piezoelectric patches 1 plays the role of similar backing with the first matching layer 2, counts at this time Calculation obtains the output acoustic pressure P of transducer face2=H2(Vex), the reality output acoustic pressure P of transducer face is considered as P1And P2 Superposition.By arbitrarily signal generating device, shape, frequency and the phase of driving source Vex are rationally designed, exports driving source Vex The converted generation of electric signal acoustic pressure P2It can be with acoustic pressure P1In-phase stacking, so as to play the role of improving sensitivity.
Using the analysis method of electromechanical analogy, the Mason for establishing ordinary matches layer and active excitation matching layer energy converter respectively Equivalent circuit inputs end element, to ginsengs such as the delay of additional incentive source, phase, frequencies by the electricity of optimization design adjunct circuit Number is controlled, and ensures acoustic signals and energy converter that additional incentive source generates on piezoelectricity matching layer (the second matching layer 3) Itself chip (piezoelectric patches 1) generate acoustic signals it is just superimposed, make total output terminal directly proportional to the input of mechanics end, so as to reach To while conventional acoustic impedance match is completed, the purpose of " amplification " is overlapped to total output sound wave, realizes energy converter spoke Penetrate being substantially improved for acoustic wave energy.
The example for the active matching Air Coupling ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer that a centre frequency is 700kHz is given below:
The piezoelectric patches of the Air Coupling ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer is made of 1-3 type composite materials, thickness 2mm, directly Footpath is 30mm.Piezoelectric patches thickness takes the corresponding half wavelength of ultrasonic signal centre frequency, according to formula hp=C/2frMeter It calculates, wherein, hpRepresent the thickness of piezoelectric patches, C represents the longitudinal wave velocity of piezoelectric patches, frRepresent the centre frequency of ultrasonic signal.
The selection of piezoelectric patches diameter needs to consider the inhibition to radial mode, it shall be guaranteed that radial mode and thickness vibration Pattern does not interfere with each other, and shows as -6dB the bandwidth ranges on frequency spectrum near the fundamental frequency centre frequency and centre frequency of the two and does not have There is the part of coincidence.
As shown in Figure 2,3,1-3 types composite material piezoelectric patches fills structure by evenly distributed piezo column 7 and epoxy resin 8 Into.Piezoelectric phase is connected in thickness direction, and asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin lipid phase all connects in three directions of x, y, z.By the analysis side of W A Smith Method changes the volume fraction of piezoelectric ceramics column, can adjust the density and the velocity of sound of 1-3 type composite materials.
First matching layer be hollow glass micropearl/epoxy resin composite material, thickness 1mm.First matching layer thickness The corresponding quarter-wave of ultrasonic signal centre frequency is taken, according to formula h1=C/4frIt calculates, wherein, h1Represent first Thickness with layer, C represent the longitudinal wave velocity of piezoelectric patches, frRepresent the centre frequency of ultrasonic signal.
The most preferably acoustic resistance of first matching layer is 0.3MRayl, according to formulaIt calculates, wherein, Z1It represents The acoustic resistance of first matching layer, ZpRepresent the acoustic resistance of piezoelectric patches, ZaRepresent the acoustic resistance of air.And in a practical situation, due to just full The material of this most preferably acoustic resistance condition of foot is not necessarily present, and can suitably relax scope to 0.3-1MRayl.
Second matching layer is polarized porous PVDF thin film, and as active matching layer, thickness is 100 μm.This active Thickness with layer equally takes the corresponding quarter-wave of ultrasonic signal centre frequency, according to formula h2=C/4frIt calculates, In, h2Represent the thickness of the second matching layer, C represents the longitudinal wave velocity of piezoelectric patches, frRepresent the centre frequency of ultrasonic signal.
The most preferably acoustic resistance of second matching layer is 0.01MRayl, according to formulaIt calculates, wherein, Z2It represents The acoustic resistance of second matching layer, ZpRepresent the acoustic resistance of piezoelectric patches, ZaRepresent the acoustic resistance of air.And in a practical situation, due to just full The material of this most preferably acoustic resistance condition of foot is not necessarily present, and can suitably relax scope to 0.01MRayl-0.1MRayl.
The material of the transducer enclosure is unlimited, can be metal or plastic material, preferably stainless steel casing, and appearance is good, And it is easy to implement altogether.
First connector 5 and the second connector 6 can connect more general Q9 SMB type connectors respectively, and the two can be total to Ground, inner core connect the anode of piezoelectric patches and active matching layer respectively.
Piezoelectric patches both ends copper-plating electrode and extraction wire, connect the first connector 5, and the train of pulse that external frequency is 700kHz is made For signal source Vs.Active matching layer both ends copper-plating electrode and extraction wire connect the second connector 6, external to be sent out using arbitrary signal The driving source Vex of raw device cooperation linear operational amplifier generation.
When energy converter is operated under ordinary matches pattern, 5 external centre frequency of the first connector for 700kHz trains of pulse or Person's sharp pulse is as signal source Vs, and the ultrasonic wave that piezoelectric patches 1 generates at this time is transmitted to after passing through double-deck matching layer in air, spirit Sensitivity is significantly larger than the situation for directly radiating ultrasonic wave into air from piezoelectric patches 1.
When energy converter is operated under active matching pattern, 5 external centre frequency of the first connector for 700kHz trains of pulse or As signal source Vs, the second connector 6 is external to be generated person's sharp pulse using arbitrarily signal generating device cooperation linear operational amplifier Driving source Vex rationally designs shape, frequency and the phase of driving source Vex, makes the transmission ultrasonic wave that piezoelectric patches 1 generates to active After matching layer, the ultrasonic wave in-phase stacking generated on active matching layer can be acted on driving source Vex, so as to obtain than normal Advise higher sensitivity effect under match pattern.
It should be noted last that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted.Although ginseng The present invention is described in detail according to embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, to the technical side of the present invention Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention Right among.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching, which is characterized in that including:Piezoelectric patches (1), first With layer (2), the second matching layer (3), transducer enclosure (4), the first connector (5) and the second connector (6);The piezoelectric patches (1), First matching layer (2), the second matching layer (3) are arranged in order along the ultrasonic signal direction of the launch in transducer enclosure (4), described The conducting wire that piezoelectric patches (1) is drawn by the electrode that its both sides is set connects the first connector (5), first connector (5) and Second connector (6) is both secured to transducer enclosure (4) end, and external ultrasonic power;First matching layer (2) uses Circular sheet-like structures made of microcellular foam material, second matching layer (3) are made of polarized porous PVDF thin film Circular sheet-like structures, second matching layer (3) pass through conducting wire connect the second connector (6), first matching layer (2) and second The diameter of matching layer (3) is identical with piezoelectric patches (1).
2. the thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Piezoelectric patches (1) is made of 1-3 type composite materials, and the 1-3 types composite material is by evenly distributed piezo column (7) and epoxy Resin (8) filling is formed, and the thickness of the piezoelectric patches (1) takes the corresponding half wavelength of ultrasonic signal centre frequency, straight Footpath is 30mm.
3. the thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described The thickness of one matching layer (2) and the second matching layer (3) takes the corresponding quarter-wave of ultrasonic signal centre frequency.
4. the thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Microcellular foam material is hollow glass micropearl powder and epoxy resin composite material.
CN201610843021.9A 2016-09-22 2016-09-22 A kind of thickness mode piezoelectricity sky coupling ultrasonic transducer of active matching Expired - Fee Related CN106311584B (en)

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