CN106310226B - 一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂,其包括:白头翁、黄连、黄芩、苍术、山稔根、黄芪、蕨麻、虎尾草、老鹳草、维生素E、EGF,本发明还公开了上述中药复方制剂的制备方法。采用此种中药复方制剂在规模化养殖仔猪的过程中能够有效防治仔猪下痢、抗炎止泻,提高仔猪抵抗力、调节脾胃、降低仔猪下痢发生几率。该中药复方制剂具有提高仔猪免疫力、缓解应激、清热解毒、调节肠胃、涩肠止痢、燥湿健脾的功能,可广泛应用于防治仔猪下痢的实践中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽用中药技术领域,具体涉及一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂及制备方法。
背景技术
仔猪下痢是影响生猪养殖的常见多发病,是造成仔猪死亡的重要原因,也是造成养殖效益低下的主要因素。临床上1-3日龄仔猪易发仔猪红痢;1-7日龄仔猪易发仔猪黄痢,即早发性大肠杆菌下痢,发病和死亡率高,一年四季均可发病,但以严寒的冬季和早春发病较多,以拉黄色稀粪为主要病症;10-30日龄仔猪易发仔猪白痢,为致病性大肠杆菌所引起的哺乳仔猪传染病。仔猪排出乳白色、黄绿色或灰白色粪便,粘稠粥样,有难闻的腥臭味;断奶前后的仔猪突然遭受环境和营养应激变化,导致仔猪消化不良、腹泻和抵抗力下降,易发仔猪副伤寒等。因此为减少仔猪下痢的发生率,提高养殖效益,应以提高仔猪免疫力、缓解应激、清热解毒、调节胃肠消化功能、涩肠止痢、燥湿健脾为原则。
本发明针对易发生下痢的仔猪开发的中药复方按照中医理论指导,根据免疫力低下、易发生应激反应、脾胃虚弱、消化不良、泄泻等临床症候,从“提高免疫力、缓解应激、清热解毒、调节肠胃、涩肠止痢、燥湿健脾”等方面着手,研制开发一种疗效确切、安全方便、副作用小、价格低廉的防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂,既能有效防治仔猪下痢,也能避免过度使用化学药物、抗生素造成的药物残留。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对仔猪下痢为造成仔猪死亡的重要原因,是生猪养殖的常发疫病,严重影响了养殖效益等的实际问题,提供一种在规模化养殖生猪的过程中能够提高仔猪免疫力、缓解应激、清热解毒、调节肠胃、凉血燥湿、健脾益胃、涩肠止痢的中药复方制剂。
本发明为实现上述目的采用的技术方案是:
一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂,其特征在于,所述中药复方制剂包括以下成分:白头翁、黄连、黄芩、苍术、山稔根、黄芪、蕨麻、虎尾草、老鹳草、维生素E、EGF。
进一步地,由以下成分组成:白头翁100-400g、黄连50-200g、黄芩75-300g、苍术75-300g、山稔根75-300g、黄芪50-200g、蕨麻50-200g、虎尾草50-200g、老鹳草50-200g、维生素E100-400mg、EGF1×106-4×106IU。
进一步地,由以下成分组成:白头翁150-300g、黄连75-125g、黄芩100-200g、苍术100-200g、山稔根100-200g、黄芪75-125g、蕨麻75-125g、虎尾草75-125g、老鹳草75-125g、维生素E150-300mg、EGF1.5×106-2.5×106IU。
更进一步地,由以下成分组成:白头翁200g、黄连100g、黄芩150g、苍术150g、山稔根150g、黄芪100g、蕨麻100g、虎尾草100g、老鹳草100g、维生素E200mg、EGF2×106IU。
进一步地,所述中药复方制剂为中药散剂、胶囊剂、口服液、颗粒剂或片剂。
本发明还公开了上述防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制备方法,具体步骤如下:
1)将白头翁、黄连、黄芩、苍术、山稔根、黄芪、蕨麻、虎尾草、老鹳草加8-15倍量水煎煮2-3次,每次1-2小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度1.20~1.28(50℃)、干燥成干膏;
2)将干膏粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入维生素E、EGF及糊精,混匀,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
进一步地,步骤1)中加水量为10倍量水,煎煮次数为3次,每次1小时。
组方分析:
白头翁:毛茛科,银莲花属多年生草本植物,长有根状茎,叶片呈卵形,花萼蓝紫色。白头翁根含白头翁皂甙,能够抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒杆菌、沙门氏菌等的生长,其抗菌有效成分为白头翁素及原白头翁素,白头翁素有较强的杀灭真菌作用。此外,白头翁及其复方如白头翁汤对皮肤真菌、酵母菌、锥虫、白色念珠菌等均有抑制作用。
黄连:属毛茛科、黄连属多年生草本植物,茎中含多种异喹啉类生物碱,小檗碱含量最高,以及黄连碱、甲基黄连碱、药根碱等。黄连具有很强的抗菌作用,抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌、炭疽杆菌等。亦有抗病毒,抗原虫作用。此外黄连还有解毒作用,如对抗细菌毒素,降低金黄色葡萄球菌凝固酶、溶血素效价,降低大肠杆菌的毒力等;以及抗炎、解热的作用。
黄芩:为唇形科黄芩属多年生草本植物。黄芩的根入药,味苦、性寒,有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎等功效。黄芩含黄芩甙、黄芩素等多种黄酮成分,有抗菌、抗病毒的作用,对甲型链球菌、肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、结核杆菌、痢疾杆菌及霍乱弧菌等多种球菌及杆菌以及流感病毒均有抑制作用。此外还有抗炎,抑制免疫反应等作用。
苍术:味辛、苦,性温。归脾、胃、肝经。燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目。用于湿阻中焦,脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿蹙,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,眼目昏涩。根茎含挥发油约5~9%,主要成分为苍术醇、茅术醇、β-桉叶醇等。苍术可抑制多种肠道病原微生物生长,对大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等病原菌具有显著地抑制和灭活作用。
黄芪:味甘,微温,归肺、脾、肝、肾经。有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。
蕨麻为蔷薇科委陵菜属植物鹅绒委陵菜,以块根入药,蕨麻别名人参果、莲菜花、延寿果,性味归经:甘,平。归经:脾;胃经。蕨麻有补气血,健脾胃,生津止渴,利湿的功效,蕨麻有治疗病后贫血,营养不良,脾虚腹泻,风湿痹痛的作用。老鹳草:别名老鹳嘴、老鸦嘴、贯筋、老贯筋、老牛筋。来源:本品为牻牛儿苗科植物牻牛儿苗、老鹳草或野老鹳草的干燥地上部分:味辛、苦,性平。归肝、肾、脾经。功能主治祛风,活血,清热解毒。治风湿疼痛,拘挛麻木,痈疽,跌打,肠炎,痢疾。《滇南本草》:祛诸风皮肤发痒。治筋骨疼痛,痰火痿软,手足筋挛,麻木,利小便,泻膀胱积热,攻散诸疮肿毒,退痨热发烧,治风火虫牙,痘疹疥癞等症。《贵州民间方药集》:治跌打损伤,止刀伤出血,又可止咳,益肺气。
山稔根:别名岗稔根、当梨根、刀莲头、多年片、哆呢根、多年头、哆啤子根、哆唉头。为桃金娘科植物桃金娘的根。味辛;甘;性平。功能主治理气止痛;利湿止泻;化瘀止血;益肾养血。主治脘腹疼痛;消化不良;呕吐泻痢;胁痛黄疸;癓瘕;痞块;崩漏;劳伤出血;跌打伤痛;风湿痹痛;血虚体弱;肾虚腰痛;膝软;尿频;白浊;浮肿;疝气;痈肿瘰疬;痔疮;烫火伤。
虎尾草:俗名棒槌草、大屁股草,为禾本科虎尾草属一年生草本植物,为家畜优质食草。味辛;苦;性微温。功能主治祛风除湿;解毒杀虫。主感冒头痛;风湿痹痛;泻痢腹痛;疝气;脚气;痈疮肿毒;刀伤。
维生素E:是一种天然的饲料抗氧化剂,在增强畜禽免疫力、抗氧化能力及预防***症、提高畜禽生产性能和改善畜禽肉质等方面具有重要作用,可以防止细胞内和细胞膜和脂肪酸等易氧化物的被氧化和被破坏,从而保护了细胞膜的完整。维生素E还具有抗应激、抗病毒、抗感染等作用。
EGF:即表皮细胞生长因子,又名寡肽-1,是人体内的一种活性物质,由53个氨基组成的活性多肽,藉由刺激表皮细胞生长因子受体之酪氨酸磷酸化,达到修补增生表层细胞,其最大特点是能够促进细胞的增殖分化,从而以新生的细胞代替衰老和死亡的细胞。EGF具有加速皮肤和粘膜创伤愈合,消炎镇痛,防止溃疡的功效。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
采用此种中药复方制剂在规模化养殖家畜的过程中可防治仔猪下痢、抗炎止泻,提高仔猪抵抗力、调节脾胃、降低仔猪下痢发生几率。该中药复方制剂具有提高仔猪免疫力、缓解应激、清热解毒、调节肠胃、涩肠止痢、燥湿健脾的功能,且可避免因过度使用化学药物、抗生素造成的药物残留,可广泛应用于仔猪下痢的实践中。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方胶囊剂,包括:白头翁200g、黄连100g、黄芩150g、苍术150g、山稔根150g、黄芪100g、蕨麻100g、虎尾草100g、老鹳草100g、维生素E200mg、EGF2×106IU。
其具体制备方法如下:
1)将白头翁、黄连、黄芩、苍术、山稔根、黄芪、蕨麻、虎尾草、老鹳草加10倍量水煎煮3次,每次1小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度1.20~1.28(50℃)、干燥成干膏;
2)将干膏粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入维生素E、EGF及糊精,混匀,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
实施例2
一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方注射剂,包括:
白头翁100g、黄连50g、黄芩75g、苍术75g、山稔根75g、黄芪50g、蕨麻50g、虎尾草50g、老鹳草50g、维生素E100mg、EGF1×106IU。
其具体制备方法如下:
1)将白头翁、黄连、黄芩、苍术、山稔根、黄芪、蕨麻、虎尾草、老鹳草加12倍量水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度1.20~1.28(50℃)、干燥成干膏;
2)将干膏粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入维生素E、EGF及糊精,混匀,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
实施例3
一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方散剂,包括:白头翁400g、黄连200g、黄芩300g、苍术300g、山稔根300g、黄芪200g、蕨麻200g、虎尾草200g、老鹳草200g、维生素E400mg、EGF4×106IU。
将白头翁、黄连、黄芩、苍术、山稔根、黄芪、蕨麻、虎尾草、老鹳草分别粉碎成细粉,过80目筛,加入维生素E和EGF混匀,分装,即得。
实施例4
1、长期毒性试验过程
应用Wistar大鼠(北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供)将实验药物设定为高、中、低三个剂量,分别为实施例1配方的胶囊剂8g/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg。另设一对照组,连续灌胃给药90天、180天和部分动物停药10天后,观察对大鼠各项生理、生化指标的影响。实验结果表明:用不同剂量给大鼠连续口服180天,对大鼠的进食量和体重增长均无影响。对肝肾功能均未发现明显毒性作用。对血常规、血生化、尿液生化及骨髓片等均未见明显影响,各组间与对照组比较无明显差异。
2、急性毒性试验过程:
应用ICR小鼠(北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供)40只,体重在25-30克,进行急性毒性实验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组、给药组,实验前禁食12小时,然后给予如实施例1制备得到的本发明的中药胶囊剂混悬液(将胶囊剂溶解在水中获得混悬液)灌胃,对给药的半数致死量(LD50)进行了试验测定,但未测到LD50,因此进行了最大耐受量试验。结果:以最大浓度(60%),最大给药量(120ml/kg,一日内份四次给完)100g/kg灌胃,相当于生药量60g/kg,七日内小鼠无一死亡,处死小鼠解剖观察各脏器未发现毒性反应,给药组与对照组小鼠无任何差异。
3、下痢仔猪药效学试验
试验动物:某猪场20日龄左右杜长大三元杂交猪发生仔猪下痢,临床症为精神萎靡、食欲不振、消化不良、腹泻、粪便呈水样状。选其中30头仔猪,经病原学大肠杆菌标准血清型进行玻片凝集试验,诊断为大肠杆菌。将发生下痢的30头仔猪分为2组,每组15头,分别为庆大霉素组和中药复合制剂组。两组采用相同的饮水、饲料及饲喂方式,其中庆大霉素组仔猪每顿口服庆大霉素,每公斤体重10mg;中药复合制剂组仔猪每顿服用胶囊剂1-2粒,连续用药5天。
评价标准为根据用药后治愈程度:用药5天后,下痢仔猪临床症状消失、精神食欲均恢复正常;根据用药后有效程度:腹泻、消化不良等临床症状减轻、食欲好转、精神逐渐恢复。无效:腹泻、消化不良等临床症状未减轻,甚至可能出现加剧趋势,精神萎靡、食欲不振或废绝、消瘦脱水。
用药治疗5天后,庆大霉素组有效头数为5头,治愈头数6头,无效头数4头,治愈率为40.0%,总有效率73.33%;中药复合制剂组有效头数4头,治愈头数10头,无效头数1头,治愈率为66.67%,治愈率93.33%。试验结果显示,中药复合制剂组在治疗仔猪下痢方面具有良好的疗效。
Claims (3)
1.一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂,其特征在于,所述中药复方制剂由以下重量份的成分组成:白头翁100-400g、黄连50-200g、黄芩75-300g、苍术75-300g、山稔根75-300g、黄芪50-200g、蕨麻50-200g、虎尾草50-200g、老鹳草50-200g、维生素E100-400mg、EGF1×106-4×106IU;所述中药复方制剂采用以下具体步骤制备:1)将白头翁、黄连、黄芩、苍术、山稔根、黄芪、蕨麻、虎尾草、老鹳草加8-15倍量水煎煮2-3次,每次1-2小时,合并煎煮液,过滤,减压浓缩至相对密度1.20-1 .28(50℃)、干燥成干膏;2)将干膏粉碎成细粉,过100目筛,加入维生素E、EGF及糊精,混匀,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种防治仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂,其特征在于,所述中药复方制剂由以下重量份的成分组成:白头翁150-300g、黄连75-125g、黄芩100-200g、苍术100-200g、山稔根100-200g、黄芪75-125g、蕨麻75-125g、虎尾草75-125g、老鹳草75-125g、维生素E150-300mg、EGF1.5×106-2.5×106IU。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种预防仔猪下痢的中药复方制剂,其特征在于,所述中药复方制剂由以下重量份的成分组成:白头翁200g、黄连100g、黄芩150g、苍术150g、山稔根150g、黄芪100g、蕨麻100g、虎尾草100g、老鹳草100g、维生素E200mg、EGF2×106IU。
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