CN106306554A - Litopenaeus vannamei parent prawn feed capable of replacing fresh and living bait - Google Patents
Litopenaeus vannamei parent prawn feed capable of replacing fresh and living bait Download PDFInfo
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- CN106306554A CN106306554A CN201610677562.9A CN201610677562A CN106306554A CN 106306554 A CN106306554 A CN 106306554A CN 201610677562 A CN201610677562 A CN 201610677562A CN 106306554 A CN106306554 A CN 106306554A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a litopenaeus vannamei parent prawn feed capable of replacing a fresh and living bait, and belongs to the field of nutrients and feeds of aquatic animals. The feed comprises the following ingredients in percentage by weight: 40% of fish meal, 6% of casein, 10% of krill meal, 15% of mussel meal, 14.75% of high-gluten flour, 0.5% of cholesterol, 2% of phospholipid, 7% of fish oil, 1% of choline, 0.5% of astaxanthin, 0.75% of vitamin C, 1.5% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% of complex vitamins, and 0.5% of composite mineral substances. According to the litopenaeus vannamei parent prawn feed disclosed by the invention, through a compounding ratio of various nutrient components and through selection of raw materials, a prepared compound feed can meet nutritional requirements of parent prawns for reproduction, and feeding effects in respects of an egg laying rate, a continuous egg laying rate, a hatching rate, a distortion rate, egg diameters and the like of the parent prawns fed with the litopenaeus vannamei parent prawn feed are not significantly different from those fed with fresh and living clamworms, so that the feed disclosed by the invention can replace the fresh and living bait for strengthening the nutrients of the parent prawns, and the problem that the parent prawns are infected with external disease sources when being fed with the fresh and living bait is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic animal nutrition and field of fodder, more particularly to the vannamei boone of a kind of alternative fresh food
Prawn mixed feed.
Background technology
Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeusvannamei), belongs to hot belt type open receptaculum seminis kind, is to generally acknowledge in the world
Minority excellent cultivation one of shrimp species.In production, for ensureing that parent shrimp is ripe smoothly and lays eggs, can carry out before extracing parent's shrimp optic stalk
The close shrimp fortification of two wheat harvesting periods by a definite date is cultivated.The gonad development process of parent shrimp is that a nutrient substance amasss in a large number and quickly
Tired process, can time-consumingly could be used for growing, cast off a skin and breeding when its energy taken in exceedes maintenance.In this course, parent
Shrimp needs constantly to take in substantial amounts of nutrient substance to meet normal gonad development, gamete generation and the needs of breeding activity.
Research shows, during parent's shrimp gonad development, ovary quickly can increase weight 4-9 times in several days.Therefore, at parent's shrimp gonad
During growth, suitable bait need to be provided, it is ensured that the abundant accumulation of the necessary matter and energy of parent's shrimp breeding.
At present, the Propogation and culture of parent shrimp is typically thrown something and fed biological feed, including fresh and alive clam worm and the Concha Ostreae of frost, squid
Deng, this process typically lasts till, from the fortification stage, the stage of laying eggs.These biological feeds can improve parent's shrimp reproductive performance
And Larval quality, but in its application process, there is also increasing problem.Having studied confirmation, clam worm, Concha Ostreae etc. are natural
Biological feed is the vector of the multiple cause of disease of prawn, and its pathogenic proper energy carried is transmitted to shrimp Seedling by vertical transmission route.
It addition, the growth of these biological feeds and breeding are affected by many environmental factorss, quality and yield are unstable, and easily impact is large quantities of
Amount parent shrimp is accelerated the ripening and cultivates and Seedling production.And, these biological feed feeding volumes big (general day feeding volume be parent's shrimp body weight
20-30%), expensive, govern the raising of the Seedling production performance of enterprises.And parent's shrimp artifical compound feed to have nutrition complete
Face, transport easy to use, substantially without bringing the advantage such as cause of disease causing prawn morbidity into, it has a extensive future.Along with China pair
The development of shrimp aquaculture industry, develops excellent hand fit's parent's shrimp feed, has great economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose the Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff of a kind of alternative fresh food, energy
Improve the reproductive performance of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock, improve the quality of ovum, increase number of times of laying eggs, substitute fresh food.
The present invention is completed by following operating technology:
The Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff of a kind of alternative fresh food, the composition of described feedstuff and percentage by weight are fish
Powder 40%, casein 6%, krill meal 10%, Mussel Powder 15%, high-gluten flour 14.75%, cholesterol 0.5%, phosphatidase 2 %, fish oil
7%, choline 1%, astaxanthin 0.5%, vitamin C 0.75%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, compound vitamin 0.5%, complex mineral
Matter 0.5%.
Compound vitamin (mg/kg feedstuff): thiamine, 25mg；Riboflavin, 45mg；Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 20mg；Vitamin
B12, 0.1mg；Vitamin K3, 10mg；Inositol, 800mg；Pantothenic acid, 60mg；Nicotinic acid, 200mg；Folic acid, 20mg；Biotin,
1.20mg；Vitamin A, 32mg；Vitamin D, 5mg；Vitamin E, 120mg；Wheat-middlings 3.66g.
Composite mineral matter (mg/kg or g/kg feedstuff): sodium fluoride, 2mg；Potassium iodide, 0.8mg；Cobaltous chloride, 50mg；Sulfur
Acid copper, 10mg；Iron sulfate, 80mg；Zinc sulfate, 50mg；Magnesium sulfate, 1200mg；Dalcium biphosphate, 3000mg；Sodium chloride,
100mg；Zeolite powder, 0.5g.
The present invention also provides for the preparation method of a kind of described feedstuff, crosses 60 mesh sieves, use after being pulverized by above-mentioned feedstuff
Add water after the method mixing amplified step by step stirring, enters granulator and is pressed into the close shrimp feed that specification is 1.5 × 3.0mm, after drying,
It is stored at shady and cool lucifuge and saves backup.
Present invention beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1, feedstuff with the addition of fish flour, krill meal, Mussel Powder and casein be protein sources and its ratio is allocated, can
Make feedstuff have a rational nutrition composition, can meet Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock to protein and amino acid whose nutritional need.
Additionally, the interpolation of krill meal, Mussel Powder is remarkably improved the attractant of prawn feed
2, the present invention adds certain proportion krill meal in Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff, and a certain amount of fish oil, gallbladder are solid
Alcohol and astaxanthin, can meet Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock to essential fatty acid, the demand of cholesterol, thus improve its egg laying amount, carry
High hatchability and distortion ratio.
3, Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff of the present invention is by each nutritional labeling proportioning and material choice, the cooperation prepared
Feedstuff disclosure satisfy that parent shrimp breeding nutritional need, its feeding effect and fresh and alive clam worm of throwing something and feeding in spawning rate, continuous spawning rate, incubate
The aspects such as the footpath of rate, distortion ratio and ovum are without significant difference, and parent shrimp is sought by the alternative fresh food of feedstuff the most of the present invention
Support strengthening, and avoid the problem infecting external source of disease owing to throwing something and feeding fresh food.
Detailed description of the invention
The technology contents of the present invention is described in detail below by embodiment.
The present embodiment is mainly the screening of varying level krill meal in feed for litopenaeus vannamei, devises three groups and manually joins
Close feedstuff, and for comparison, parent shrimp is carried out fortification cultivation with clam worm, feed parent shrimp 60 days, observe its laying performance and offspring
Quality is to prove present invention beneficial effect compared with prior art.
Three kinds of close shrimp artifical compound feeds are with fish flour, Mussel Powder, euphausia superba powder as protein sources, and fish oil is fat source, parent
Shrimp feed formula composition and conventional nutrients content such as table 1, matched group is thrown something and fed clam worm.Feedstuff crosses 60 mesh sieves after pulverizing,
Add water after using the method amplified step by step mixing stirring, enters granulator and is pressed into the close shrimp feed that specification is 1.5 × 3.0mm.Dry
After Gan, it be stored at shady and cool lucifuge and save backup.
Table 1 test feed formula composition and trophic component (%)
Note: compound vitamin (mg/kg or g/kg feedstuff): thiamine, 25mg；Riboflavin, 45mg；Pyridoxine hydrochloride,
20mg；Vitamin B12,0.1mg；Vitamin K3,10mg；Inositol, 800mg；Pantothenic acid, 60mg；Nicotinic acid, 200mg；Folic acid, 20mg；
Biotin, 1.20mg；Vitamin A, 32mg；Vitamin D, 5mg；Vitamin E, 120mg；Wheat-middlings 18.67g.
Composite mineral matter (mg/kg or g/kg feedstuff): sodium fluoride, 2mg；Potassium iodide, 0.8mg；Cobaltous chloride, 50mg；Sulfur
Acid copper, 10mg；Iron sulfate, 80mg；Zinc sulfate, 50mg；Magnesium sulfate, 1200mg；Dalcium biphosphate, 3000mg；Sodium chloride,
100mg；Zeolite powder, 15.51g.
Test water takes from Bohai Sea Gulf, uses after precipitation, husky filter, sterilization, and the water temperature during fortification maintains 27-
28 DEG C, salinity 28-33 ‰, pH8.0-8.5, dissolved oxygen>5mg/L, total ammonia nitrogen<0.5mg/L, nitrite<0.1mg/L, depth of water 50-
60cm。
Fertilization lay eggs period, spawning and hatching water on normal process basis, need add 10ppm EDTA and
0.5ppm povidone iodine is with the heavy metal ion in complexation water body and to water body disinfection.
Four process groups of test point, each process group 80 tail shrimp, female-male proportion 1:1, two parallel group, feedstuff of throwing something and feeding respectively
1, feedstuff 2, feedstuff 3 and clam worm (clam worm uses live body to throw something and feed, and soaks two with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 50ppm before throwing something and feeding
After three minutes, clear water is cleaned).At the beginning of test, eye mark on the side optic stalk set of every tail parent shrimp, to distinguish individuality.Fortification
After end, whole female parent shrimps use the tweezer method of scalding carry out unilateral eyestalk ablation operation.Postoperative, whole process groups all change throw something and feed fresh
Live clam worm, and the method using artificial insemination gathers breeding and paedomorphosis data.
After artificial insemination, add up each process group egg laying amount, incubation rate and distortion ratio；Calculate the spawning rate of each process group, company
Continuous spawning rate, eggs on average number of times.From lay eggs for front ten times of each process group, respectively take about 50 germ cell, be saved in concentration
It is in the formalin of 4%, for measuring the ovum footpath of germ cell；Simultaneously from the laying eggs for front ten times of each process group, receive every time
The germ cell collecting about 0.2g is saved in liquid nitrogen, measures for ovum fatty acid.The close shrimp egg reproduction situation of different disposal group
As shown in table 2, as can be seen from the table, the egg laying amount that feedstuff is 2 groups is significantly higher than 1 group of feedstuff (P < 0.05), (husky with matched group
Silkworm) and 3 groups of feedstuff without significant difference (P > 0.05), the egg laying amount of matched group is maximum, is 23.45 ± 0.63 ten thousand, and next is followed successively by
2 groups of feedstuff, 3 groups of feedstuff and 1 group of feedstuff, respectively 22.53 ± 0.70 ten thousand, 21.74 ± 2.86 ten thousand and 18.06 ± 0.68 ten thousand.
The incubation rate of four process groups is between 45.02 ± 1.20% to 49.26 ± 0.82%, and matched group is the highest, between four groups
The most there is not significant difference (P > 0.05) in incubation rate.In four groups, distortion ratio matched group, 2 groups of feedstuff and 3 groups of feedstuff are without significant difference,
It is significantly higher than 1 group of feedstuff (P < 0.05).
Table 2 each feedstuff group egg laying amount, incubation rate and distortion ratio
Note: different Superscript letters represents significant difference (P < 0.05), lower same.
Parent's shrimp spawning rate, continuous spawning rate and eggs on average number of times are as shown in table 3, as can be seen from the table, and the product of feedstuff 2
Ovum rate is maximum, reaches 74.16 ± 1.18%, the spawning rate minimum 59.17 ± 1.18% of clam worm group, laying eggs of feedstuff 1 and feedstuff 3
Rate is respectively 70.09 ± 1.89% and 69.05 ± 3.36%, 1 group of feedstuff, 2 groups of feedstuff, 3 groups of feedstuff without significant difference (P >
0.05)；For continuous spawning rate, 3 groups of feedstuff is maximum, reaches 55.00 ± 7.07%, significantly higher than matched group, with 1 group of feedstuff
And 2 groups of feedstuff is without significant difference (P > 0.05).
Whole situations of laying eggs of each process group in comprehensive whole process of the test, calculate each process group eggs on average
Number.As can be seen from the table, the eggs on average number of times of 3 groups of feedstuff is maximum, is 2.00 ± 0.28, significantly higher than feedstuff 1 and right
According to group, with 2 groups of feedstuff without significant difference (P > 0.05).
Table 3 each feedstuff group spawning rate, continuous spawning rate and eggs on average number of times
The female shrimp quantity of spawning rate=lay eggs/female shrimp sum × 100%
Continuously female shrimp quantity × 100% of the female shrimp quantity of spawning rate=repeatedly lay eggs/lay eggs
With the ovum footpath of laying eggs for front ten times of optical microscope measuring each process group, laying eggs 50, each process group is examined altogether every time
Surveying the ovum footpath of 500 germ cell, measurement result is as shown in table 4.As can be seen from the table, what ovum footpath was maximum is 3 groups of feedstuff, for
267.84±7.19μm；Minimum is 1 group of feedstuff, is 256.70 ± 4.54 μm；2 groups of feedstuff and matched group be respectively 263.37 ±
3.00 μm and 258.21 ± 8.23 μm.One factor analysis of variance shows, matched group and 3 groups of significant differences of feedstuff (P < 0.05), with
1 group of feedstuff and 2 groups of diversityes of feedstuff are not notable (P > 0.05), there is not significance difference (P > 0.05) between 2 groups of feedstuff, 3 groups of feedstuff.
Table 4 each feedstuff group is laid eggs ovum footpath size
Ovum footpath=(major diameter+minor axis)/2.
The fatty acid composition measurement result of three groups of artifical compound feeds and clam worm is as shown in table 5.As can be seen from the table, always
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content is the highest in clam worm body, is 46.68 ± 0.68%；The Σ PUFA of feedstuff 2 and feedstuff 3 divides
Not being 37.31 ± 1.13% and 38.23 ± 0.15%, the content of feedstuff 1 is minimum, only 28.94 ± 0.60%, feedstuff 2 with raise
Expect that 3 differences are not notable (P > 0.05).DHA (C22:6n-3) content compares clam worm group with feedstuff 3 without significant difference (P < 0.05),
EPA (C20:5n-3) and AA (C20:4n-6) content content in clam worm body are above three groups of artifical compound feeds, but compare
Under, feedstuff 2 and feedstuff 3 have EPA and AA content closer with clam worm, and 2 groups without significant difference.
The content of n-6 Series P UFA is the highest in clam worm body, reaches 13.63 ± 0.01%, respectively organize with remaining significant difference (P <
0.05)；N-3 Series P UFA content in clam worm body higher than its excess-three group artifical compound feed, reaches 33.05 ± 0.67% equally.
But, what n-3/n-6 numerical value was maximum is feedstuff 3, is 3.17 ± 0.02, is secondly feedstuff 2, clam worm and feedstuff 1 successively, and numerical value divides
It is not 2.85 ± 0.10,2.42 ± 0.04 and 2.20 ± 0.03.
Fatty acid composition (%) of table 5 artifical compound feed and clam worm
Note: the ratio that content of fatty acid accounts for total fatty acids methyl ester with each fatty acid methyl ester represents.Lower same.
Each process group germ cell fatty acid forms
Σ PUFA content in matched group ovum is the highest, is 24.59 ± 1.18%, next to that 2 groups of feedstuff, 23.62 ±
0.48%, between two groups, difference is not notable (P > 0.05)；3 groups of Σ PUFA of feedstuff are 22.93 ± 1.01%, and between 2 groups of feedstuff not
There is significant difference (P > 0.05), 1 group of Σ PUFA content of feedstuff is minimum, is 19.14 ± 0.07%, shows with its excess-three group difference
Write (P < 0.05).In matched group ovum, EPA content is the highest, is 9.16 ± 1.03%, and the content in 2 groups of feedstuff, 3 groups of feedstuff is respectively
8.37 ± 0.02%, 8.88 ± 0.04%, there is not significance difference (P > 0.05) between three groups；The EPA content that feedstuff is 1 group is 7.60 ±
0.38%, notable with clam worm group diversity.AA content content in matched group ovum is less than 2 groups of feedstuff and 3 groups of feedstuff, but is higher than
1 group of feedstuff, 3 groups of content of feedstuff are the highest, are 1.48 ± 0.28%.DHA content content in the ovum of 1 group of feedstuff is minimum, and with
There is significance difference (P<0.05) in its excess-three group, 2 groups of feedstuff, between 3 groups of feedstuff and clam worm group, difference is notable (P>0.05).Four
In process group, n-3/n-6 ratio is between 1.21 ± 0.14 to 1.36 ± 0.25, there is not significance difference (P > 0.05) between four groups,
3 groups of feedstuff is maximum, is 1.36 ± 0.25, and 2 groups of feedstuff takes second place.
Fatty acid composition (%) in table 6 each process group ovum
From above experiment, adding mass ratio in Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff is the krill meal of 10%, joins simultaneously
Close 40% fish flour, 6% casein, 15% Mussel Powder, 14.75% high-gluten flour, 0.5% cholesterol, 2% phospholipid, 7% fish oil, 1%
Choline, 0.5% astaxanthin, 0.75% vitamin C, 1.5% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% compound vitamin and 0.5% complex mineral
Matter, can improve the spawning rate of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock, continuous spawning rate；Incubation rate, distortion ratio and ovum footpath are the most simultaneously
Improve, can compare favourably with clam worm.
Claims (4)
1. the Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff of an alternative fresh food, it is characterised in that the composition of described feedstuff and weight hundred
Proportion by subtraction is fish flour 40%, casein 6%, krill meal 10%, Mussel Powder 15%, high-gluten flour 14.75%, cholesterol 0.5%, phospholipid
2%, fish oil 7%, choline 1%, astaxanthin 0.5%, vitamin C 0.75%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, compound vitamin 0.5%,
Composite mineral matter 0.5%.
The Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff of a kind of alternative fresh food the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The compound vitamin (mg/kg or g/kg feedstuff) stated: thiamine, 25mg；Riboflavin, 45mg；Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 20mg；Dimension
Raw element B12, 0.1mg；Vitamin K3, 10mg；Inositol, 800mg；Pantothenic acid, 60mg；Nicotinic acid, 200mg；Folic acid, 20mg；Biotin,
1.20mg；Vitamin A, 32mg；Vitamin D, 5mg；Vitamin E, 120mg；Wheat-middlings 3.66g.
The Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock feedstuff of a kind of alternative fresh food the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that multiple
Conjunction mineral (mg/kg or g/kg feedstuff): sodium fluoride, 2mg；Potassium iodide, 0.8mg；Cobaltous chloride, 50mg；Copper sulfate, 10mg；
Iron sulfate, 80mg；Zinc sulfate, 50mg；Magnesium sulfate, 1200mg；Dalcium biphosphate, 3000mg；Sodium chloride, 100mg；Zeolite powder,
0.5g。
4. the preparation method of feedstuff described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterised in that mistake after above-mentioned feedstuff is pulverized
60 mesh sieves, add water after using the method amplified step by step mixing stirring, enters granulator and is pressed into the close shrimp that specification is 1.5 × 3.0mm
Feedstuff, after drying, is stored at shady and cool lucifuge and saves backup.
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| CN108402283A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-17 | 广东粤海饲料集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock premixing material for fodder compound additive and its application method |
| CN109123224A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-04 | 广东粤海饲料集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Litoenaeus vannamei parent shrimp breeding compound premix special |
| CN111109449A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-08 | 大连海洋大学 | Maturing-promoting compound feed for seed shrimps of prawns and preparation method thereof |
| CN112262799A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Nutrition regulation and control method for improving reproductive performance and larva quality of litopenaeus vannamei |
| CN112617011A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 海南大学 | Compound feed for promoting maturity of litopenaeus vannamei ovary and preparation method thereof |
| CN112841455A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-28 | 广东恒兴饲料实业股份有限公司 | Special compound feed for breeding penaeus monodon parent shrimps and preparation method thereof |
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